Conan ap Gereint (abt. 305 - abt. 367)

Born about 0305 in Dumnonia, now Cornwall, England

Ancestors

Descendants

Died about 0367 at about age 62 in Nantes, Loire-Atlantique, Pays de la Loire, France

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Biography

Conan Meriadoc, who first appears in writings in the early 12th century, exists only in legend, though he may in fact have existed as a real person. No documentation has been found to confirm the actual existance of Conan.

Development of the Legend

Conan Meriadoc (/ˈkoʊnən/) is a legendary British leader credited with founding Brittany. ^[1]

Versions of his story circulated in both Brittany and Great Britain from at least the early 12th century, and supplanted earlier legends of Brittany's foundation. ^[1]

His story is known in two major versions, which appear in the Welsh text known as The Dream of Macsen Wledig, and in Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae. Both texts associate him with Magnus Maximus (Macsen Wledic, reigned 383-388), a Roman usurper against the Valentinianic dynasty who was widely regarded as having deprived Britain of its defences when he took its legions to claim the imperial throne. Conan's cousin or sister, Saint Elen, is said to have been Macsen Wledic's wife. ^[1]

Life of Saint Gurthiern

The earliest undisputed evidence connecting Conan to the foundation of Brittany appears in the Life of Saint Gurthiern, included in the Kemperle Cartulary compiled between 1118 and 1127.^[2]

This text traces the descent of Gurthiern back to the ancestor figure Beli Mawr, given as a son of Outham Senis (Outham the Old), the figure known in later sources as Eudaf Hen and Octavius. Outham is given another son, Kenan (an Old Welsh spelling of Conan), who is said to have been the founder of Brittany. ^[2][3]

This reference shows that the Conan story was known in Brittany from a comparatively early date, but certain evidence suggests that it was imported from Wales. The text's compiler, Gurheden, says that his source for the information was one "Iuthael son of Aidan"; while the name Iuthael is a Brittonic name known in both Wales and Brittany, the Gaelic Aidan is not attested in early Brittany but is known in Wales. Additionally, Gurthiern's genealogy corresponds strongly with the descent elsewhere attributed to the Welsh saint Cadoc, further suggesting a Welsh origin. ^[2]

Life of Saint Goeznovius

Conan Meriadoc also appears in the prologue to the Latin Life of Saint Goeznovius, though the date of this text is disputed. The prologue, the only part of the work still extant, survives in a copy by the French historian Pierre Le Baud (died 1505), but contains a passage claiming it was originally written in 1019 by a certain Guillaume, a servant of Bishop Eudo. This date has been defended by Gwenaël Leduc and Léon Fleuriot. However, Hubert Guillotel has argued that the text dates instead to the mid-12th century. ^[4]

Armes Prydein

There is evidence that Conan Meriadoc figured into the Brittonic prophetic tradition as a messianic saviour who would return to lead his people in a time of need. A Cynan appears in several prophetic poems, most notably the Armes Prydein, where he is named alongside Cadwaladr as a figure whose return is promised. ^[1]

Geoffrey of Monmouth, whose knowledge of this tradition is evinced in both the Historia Regum Britanniae and the Vita Merlini, specifically identified this Cynan with Conan Meriadoc. Rachel Bromwich suggests that Geoffrey was relying on an older tradition identifying the founder of Brittany with the prophetic Cynan, and argues that this identification is made already in Armes Prydein. At the time Armes Prydein was composed, the Breton nobility under Alan II, Duke of Brittany had forged an alliance with Æthelstan, king of England, in the face of Viking attacks on their territory. Hywel Dda, then ruler of most of Wales, had also formed a similar relationship with Æthelstan at that time. In spite of this, the poet repeatedly refers to the men of Llydaw (Brittany) as part of his prophesied pan-Celtic union which will oust the English from Britain for good. Bromwich reads the line "A chymot Cynan gan y gilyd" ("there will be concord between Cynan and his fellow") as a reference to the reunion of the Bretons and their leader Conan Meriadoc with their fellow Britons.^[5]

Geoffrey of Monmouth

Geoffrey of Monmouth, writing in about 1163, offers a detailed narrative of the life of "Conanus Meridiadocus"" which includes:

• nephew of King Octavius ^[6]
• called on to face arriving forces of Maximianus ^[7]
• rejected as suitor for Octavius' daughter in favor of Mauricius, son of Maximianus and nephew of King Coel ^[8]
• failed to best Maximianus, who sought to conquer Gaul as well as Britain, but accepted Maximianus' offer to become king of Armorica in Gaul, renamed Brittany after it was populated with migrants from Britain and became a "second Britain". ^[9]
• Maximianus' rule is in the time period 306-337. ^[10]

and the Dream of Macsen

The story of Conan is attested in several medieval sources, the most substantial versions being those included in Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae and the Welsh tale known as The Dream of Macsen Wledig. Both of these tie Conan and the founding of Brittany to the story of the Roman usurper Magnus Maximus, though in both cases this is heavily embellished. ^[1]

In Geoffrey, Conan is the nephew of Octavius, King of the Britons (Welsh Eudaf Hen), and a potential heir to the throne. When the throne is offered instead to "Maximianus", Geoffrey's version of Magnus Maximus, Conan at first opposes him, but the two are reconciled after Maximianus' marriage to Octavius' daughter. Later Maximianus leads the armies of Britain to march on Rome, and he quickly conquers Armorica, where he establishes Conan as the king with instructions to found "another Britain". He does so, and repels numerous attacks from the Gauls and Aquitanians, and asks for British wives for his men from Maximianus' regent Dionotus, with whose daughter, Saint Ursula, he was said to be "most passionately in love", as reflected in her legends. Later, when Maximianus has been killed in Rome, his fleeing troops return to Armorica and join Conan's settlement.^[11]

The version of the story given in The Dream of Macsen Wledig differs from the Historia account on a number of points. Though the text postdates Geoffrey, it contains material older than either version. In The Dream, Conan is the son, rather than nephew, of Eudaf Hen (Geoffrey's Octavius), and the brother of Saint Elen. Maxen Wledig (Magnus Maximus), here portrayed as the rightful Roman Emperor rather than a usurper, sees Elen and her kingdom in a dream vision, and seeks her out and marries her. In this version Conan and his brother Afaon immediately become Maxen's loyal associates, later helping him reclaim the throne of Rome. For this service the grateful Macsen gives Conan dispensation to lead his army to conquer whatever realm he wants. Conan chooses Armorica, where he kills all the men and replaces them with his own soldiers. He then orders the tongues of all the women cut out, lest their speech corrupt that of the Britons; a fanciful etymology connects this event with Welsh name of Brittany, Llydaw, supposedly from the Welsh lled-taw or "half-silent".^[12][13]

Later developments

The Conan story became a dominant founding myth for the Bretons for hundreds of years. ^[2] Earlier traditions of the foundation of the Brittonic settlement in Armorica are recorded in Gildas' De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae and in the hagiographies of various saints. ^[5] Especially important in this regard are the stories of the so-called Seven Founder Saints of Brittany, which were largely forgotten or overlooked after the spread of the Conan legend. ^[1]

In the wake of Geoffrey and The Dream of Macsen, Conan subsequently appears as a founder-figure in several genealogies of Breton aristocratic families. He is venerated as the ancestor of the Rohans, according to the Life of Saint Meriadoc, the protagonist of which is said to have been descended from him.^[14]

Meriadoc appears in one of the genealogies from Jesus College MS 20, which traces the descent of Geraint mab Erbin, king of Dumnonia in the West Country, back to "Cynan map Eudaf Hen". ^[3]

In the Cornish miracle play Beunans Meriasek, Conan is a kinsman of Saint Meriasek who tries (unsuccessfully) to dissuade Meriasek from pursuing a religious life. ^[2]

In the 15th century the Bretons used the Conan story as it appears in the Life of Saint Meriadoc to establish precedence for the Breton aristocracy over the kings of France.^[15]

The story's political impact declined with the Union of Brittany and France in 1532, and it thereafter declined in popularity. However, in the 17th century the Rohans used their supposed descent from Conan Meriadoc to seek status as "foreign princes" at the French court; King Louis XIV recognised their pedigree, but denied their foreign status. ^[14] Beginning in the mid-18th century Breton historians attempted to establish the historical existence of Conan, though he is now regarded as a mythical figure. ^[14]

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Other Text

Legendary Founder of Brittany

Conan Meriadoc, legendary founder of Brittany, is an epic hero whose story has been traced to Wales as far back as the early 12th century. ^[16]

The story of Conan Meriadoc is told in two major versions: in the Welsh text known as The Dream of Macsen Wledig, ^[17] and in Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae. ^[18]

Wikipedia gives no birth or death dates since "he is now regarded as a mythical figure." ^[16][19]

The Conan story became a dominant founding myth for the Bretons for hundreds of years.... Beginning in the mid-18th century Breton historians attempted to establish the historical existence of Conan, though he is now regarded as a mythical figure.^[20]

Name

Alternate spellings: Welsh-Cynan, Latin-Conanus, English-Conan.

Conan was the son of Octavius the Old's brother, Gerontius, (or Octavius himself according to the "Dream of Macsen Wledig") and had expected to inherit his uncle's kingdom. Originally, he was considerably put out by the rise to power of his cousin's husband, Magnus Maximus, and he organised a rebellion against him, aided by Picts & Scots. However, being defeated, Conan became great friends with his rival and travelled with Maximus to the continent to help him become Emperor of the West. ^[1]

Conan was given Brittany as a reward for killing the previous holder of the title. His new Kingdom, was well settled by his men-at-arms, however they lacked wives. Therefore, in order to populate the area, he sent to his uncle's old ally, King Donaut of Dumnonia for numerous Cornish ladies. Conan proposed to cement the alliance of their two peoples by marrying Donaut's daughter, Ursula. Though Dunaut was delighted at the match, Ursula had her heart set on a life devoted only to God. She agreed to the marriage, on the condition that she first be allowed to go on a pilgrimage throughout Europe. Conan appears to have joined her in Rome, where the two must have been married, probably by Pope Cyriacus himself. He apparently did not travel to Cologne where Ursula died. ^[1][21]

In later years, Conan inherited Dumnonia from his father-in-law. Brittany & Dumnonia were united for only a short time, for, as his second wife, Conan married St.Patrick's sister, Dareca of Ireland, and he left one each of his Kingdoms to the sons of his two marriages. He probably died about 395. ^[21]

Cynan was Prince of Albaine and Powys. He is a legendary figure and is reported to have married Dareara, sister of Saint Patrick and daughter of Calphurnius (Calpinn), and Cynan's cousin. Cynan is supposed to have left Britain to form a colony in Armorica, France, in 384 A.D. ^[22][23] He r. Nantes in Brittany.

Conan Meriadoc (modern Breton Konan Meriadeg, Latin Conanus Meridiadocus; died ca. 426) was the legendary 4th century founder of the house of Rohan and legendary leader of the earliest British settlement in Armorica.

According to medieval Welsh sources (including Geoffrey of Monmouth), Conan Meriadoc was the cousin (by marriage) of Macsen Wledig (Magnus Maximus) and nephew of Octavius. After he rebelled against Octavius, Macsen summoned him before departing to establish himself as Roman emperor, and gave Conan Armorica to rule as his own kingdom. Conan then led the settlement of Armorica by Welsh mercenaries and gave it the name of Brittany, or "Little Britain".

In the Cornish miracle play Beunans Meriasek, Conan is a kinsman of St Meriasek who tries (unsuccessfully) to dissuade Meriasek from pursuing a religious life.

J.R.R. Tolkien alludes to the historical Meriadoc in his Lord of the Rings trilogy, where the hobbit Meriadoc ("Merry") becomes the adjutant of the king of the fictional kingdom Rohan.

Robert B. Stewart, "My Theories", Except Siricius was not Pope until 384-399. History Files, EBK, online Emma Ryan Vol. 1, Myriam Priour Vol. 2 & 3 and Floortje Hondelink Vol. 4, A4M, M447.2. [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]^[24]

Conan Meriadoc ap /Gereint/ ^{[25] [26] [27]}

Conan "Meriadog" ap Gereint

Conan "Meriadog", King of Dumnonia and Brittainy ap Gereint.

Title: King of Bretagne & Dumnonia

Birth

Birth: 305 in Dumonia, now Cornwall, England ^{[28] [29] [30]}

Birth Year Estimation

IF he existed beyond the realm of myth, Conan would have been born c.305 CE. He is said to have been the father of Gradlon Mawr the Great, King of Brittany, (c.330-434).^[31] Considering that Gradlon Mawr is said to have been the first child of Conan's second wife, his birth c.330 would put Conan's birth at no later than c.310. Yet the same source lists 421 CE as the year of Conan's death.

Parents

Conan was the son of Octavius the Old's brother, Gerontius, (or Octavius himself according to the Dream of Macsen Wledig). He had expected to inherit his uncle's position of influence in what is now Wales, until his cousin, Helena, married the Roman citizen, Magnus Maximus. Originally, Conan was considerably put out by this man's rise to power and he organised a rebellion against him, aided by Picts & Scots. However, being defeated, Conan became great friends with his rival and traveled with Maximus to the continent to help him become Emperor of the West. He was given control over Armorica (modern Brittany) as a reward for killing the previous holder of the title. His new province was well settled by his men-at-arms; however, they lacked wives. Therefore, in order to populate the area, he sent to his uncle's old ally, Donaut of Dumnonia for numerous Cornish ladies. Conan proposed to cement the alliance of their two peoples by marrying Donaut's daughter, Ursula. Though Donaut was delighted at the match, Ursula had her heart set on a life devoted only to God. She agreed to the marriage, on the condition that she first be allowed to go on a pilgrimage throughout Europe. Conan appears to have joined her in Rome, where the two must have been married, probably by Pope Cyriacus himself. He apparently did not travel to Cologne where Ursula died. In later years, he gained considerable influence in Dumnonia after the death of his father-in-law. The Governorship of Armorica & Dumnonia was united for only a short time. As his second wife, Conan married Dareca of Ireland, a supposed, though unlikely, sister of St. Patrick. Upon Conan's death, around AD 395, control of each region fell to the sons of his two marriages, Gadeon and Gradlon.^[31]

Death

Death: 367 in Nantes, Loire-Atlantique, Pays de la Loire, France ^{[32] [33] [34]}

Marriages

Conan is said to have married twice. First he married Ursula of Dumnonia (c.305), who would become Saint Ursula, "from whom descend the Kings of Dumnonia" and second married Dareca of Ireland (c.310), sister of Saint Patrick, "from whom descend the Kings of Brittany."^[31]

Issue

Child of the 1st marriage:

1. Gadeon^[31]

Children of the 2nd marriage:^[31]

1. Gradlon Mawr the Great, AKA Urban, King of Brittany (c.330-434)
2. St. Echea
3. St. Lalloca
4. St. Mel-Noch
5. St. Rioch
6. St. Munis
7. Cruman
8. Midgma
9. St. Loman
10. St. Loarn
11. Cieran
12. Carantog
13. Magalle
14. Columb
15. Brychan
16. Brychad
17. St. Branwaladr
18. Fine
19. Melchu
20. St. Bolcan

Line of Descent by Brian Starr

1. Bran Fendigaid King of Siluria (38th in Descent from biblical Abraham) + Anna Arimathea. ^[35]
2. Caradog ap Bran King of Siluria born in Trevan, llanilid, Glamorganshire, Britain ^[35]
3. Saint Cyllinus (Coellyn) (Linus) Lleyn), born in Trevan, Llanilid, Glamorganshire, Wales.^[35]
4. Stradwawl (Baine) + Coel (Coilus) (Beli) ap Cyllin (High King of, born 104 in Colchester, Boudicca or Essex, England, d. 170. ^[35]
5. Llewfer Mawr (Lucius) ap Coellyn, King of xx, b. 115 in Ewyas (now Monmouth), Mid-Glamorgan, Wales, d. 181, + Gwladys, b. 117 in Siluria, Southern Wales. ^[35]
6. Eurgen verch Llewfer, b. 140 in Ewyas now Monmouth, Wales. + Ammadab (aminabad) (Alphanye) de jure King, b. 125 in Edyas now Monmouth, Wales ^[35]
7. daughter of Ammadab, b. 168 Monmouth, Wales, m. Meirchion Fawdfilwr ap Owain (King of Ewyas), b. 140 in Ewyas (now Monmouth) mid-Glamorgan, Wales

^[35]

1. Cwrrig Goric Fawr ('the Great') ap Meirchion, b. 180 in E#wyas, Wales.^[35]
2. Gwrddwfn ap Cwrrig (King of Ewyas), b. 250 in Ewyas, now Monmouth, Wales. ^[35]
3. Gerontius (Caradoc) (Gerant) ap Einydd, b. 285 ^[35]
4. Conan (Cynan) Meriadoc (King of Dumnonia, b. 305, d. 367. m. Saint Ursula ferch Dynod b. 305 ^[35]
5. Cadfan (Gadeon) ap Conan (Cynan) King of, b. 325 in Dumonia now Cornwall, Britain, d. 405 + Gladys verch Llewfer, b. 327 in Britain ^[35]
6. Gwfawr (Guoremor) ap Cadfan, King of, b. 3258, d. 415. ^[35]
7. Tudwal ap Gwrfawr (King of Dumnonia), b. 375 in Wales, d. 425 + Gratianna verch Macsen, b. 370 in Gwent now Monmouth, Wales ^[35]
8. Prawst verch Tudwal, b. 419 in Dumonia now Cornwall, Britain. + Saint Brychan King of Brycheiniog, b. 419 in Brycheniog now Breconshire, Wales. ^[35]
9. Saint Sefin Verch Brychan Brycheiniog + Cynyr Ceinfariog The Fair ^[35]

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^[36]

Conan Meriadoc, 'King' of Dumnonia & Brittany (Born c.AD 305) (Welsh: Cynan; Latin: Conanus; English: Conan)

Conan was the son of Octavius the Old's brother, Gerontius, (or Octavius himself according to the Dream of Macsen Wledig). He had expected to inherit his uncle's position of influence in what is now Wales, until his cousin, Helena, married the Roman citizen, Magnus Maximus. Originally, Conan was considerably put out by this man's rise to power and he organised a rebellion against him, aided by Picts & Scots. However, being defeated, Conan became great friends with his rival and travelled with Maximus to the continent to help him become Emperor of the West. He was given control over Armorica (modern Brittany) as a reward for killing the previous holder of the title. His new province, was well settled by his men-at-arms, however they lacked wives. Therefore, in order to populate the area, he sent to his uncle's old ally, Donaut of Dumnonia for numerous Cornish ladies. Conan proposed to cement the alliance of their two peoples by marrying Donaut's daughter, Ursula. Though Donaut was delighted at the match, Ursula had her heart set on a life devoted only to God. She agreed to the marriage, on the condition that she first be allowed to go on a pilgrimage throughout Europe. Conan appears to have joined her in Rome, where the two must have been married, probably by Pope Cyriacus himself. He apparently did not travel to Cologne where Ursula died. In later years, he gained considerable influence in Dumnonia after the death of his father-in-law. The Governorship of Armorica & Dumnonia was united for only a short time. As his second wife, Conan married Dareca of Ireland, a supposed, though unlikely, sister of St. Patrick. Upon Conan's death, around AD 395, control of each region fell to the sons of his two marriages, Gadeon and Gradlon.

S5. Source S5 Ancestry1. Ancestry2.

S6. Source: S6 Author: Ancestry.com

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Sources

1. ↑ ^{1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7} Wikipedia article
2. ↑ ^{2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4} Koch, John T. (2006). Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 1-85109-440-7. page 474. Cited by Wikipedia.
3. ↑ ^{3.0 3.1} Bromwich, Rachel (2006). Trioedd Ynys Prydein: The Triads of the Island of Britain. University of Wales Press. ISBN 0-7083-1386-8. page 320. cited by Wikipedia.
4. ↑ Koch, p. 473.
5. ↑ ^{5.0 5.1} Bromwich, p. 321
6. ↑ Monmouth, 134
7. ↑ Monmouth, 137
8. ↑ Monmouth, 138
9. ↑ Monmouth, 140
10. ↑ Monmouth, 288, time Chart
11. ↑ History of the Kings of Britain, Book 5, ch. 9–16. Cited by Wikipedia.
12. ↑ Koch, pp. 1231–1232.
13. ↑ The Dream of Maxen Wledig. Cited by Wikipedia.
14. ↑ ^{14.0 14.1 14.2} Koch, p. 475.
15. ↑ Koch, pp. 474–475.
16. ↑ ^{16.0 16.1} Wikipedia contributors, "Conan Meriadoc," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, Conan Meriadoc (accessed August 29, 2018).
17. ↑ The Dream of Macsen Wledig, referenced by Wikipedia contributors, "Conan Meriadoc," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, Conan Meriadoc (accessed August 29, 2018).
18. ↑ Geoffrey of Monmouth. Historia Regum Britanniae, referenced by Wikipedia contributors, "Conan Meriadoc," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, Conan Meriadoc (accessed August 29, 2018).
19. ↑ Wikipedia cites Koch, John T. Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia (Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2006).
20. ↑ Wikipedia, citing Koch, John T. (2006). Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 1-85109-440-7. [1]
21. ↑ ^{21.0 21.1} Encyclopedia Britannia.
22. ↑ Carr P. Collins, Jr., "Royal Ancestors of Magna Charta Barons," Dallas, 1959, p. 137 - the legend has Cynan's ancestors back to Japhet, Noah's son (23 generations
23. ↑ John Morris, "The Age of Arthur," Scribner's, 1973, pp.250, 256-7
24. ↑ Entered by Stephen Bridges.
25. ↑ Source: #S6 Record for Gradlon Mawr DeBretagne
26. ↑ Source: #S6 Record for King of Bretagne Conan Meriadoc ap Gereint de Bretagne
27. ↑ Source: #S6 Record for King of Bretagne Conan Meriadoc ap Gereint de Bretagne
28. ↑ Source: #S6 Record for Gradlon Mawr DeBretagne
29. ↑ Source: #S6 Record for King of Bretagne Conan Meriadoc ap Gereint de Bretagne
30. ↑ Source: #S6 Record for King of Bretagne Conan Meriadoc ap Gereint de Bretagne
31. ↑ ^{31.0 31.1 31.2 31.3 31.4} David Nash Ford's Early British Kingdoms, website at http://www.earlybritishkingdoms.com/gene/bretonped.html, © Nash Ford Publishing 2001. All Rights Reserved. [Text:]

    BRETON ROYAL PEDIGREE:

    Kings of Brittany, Princes of Cornouaille & Domnonée

    Conan Meriadog (d.421), King of Brittany & Dumnonia, married, as his second wife, Dareca, the unlikely sister of St. Patrick of Ireland. They had some twenty children who all became saints or Bishops, mostly in Ireland: St. Echea, St. Lalloca, St. Mel-Noch, St. Rioch, St. Munis, Cruman, Midgma, St. Loman, St. Loarn, Cieran, Carantog, Magalle, Columb, Brychan, Brychad, St. Branwaladr, Fine, Melchu, St. Bolcan & their eldest son:

    1 Gradlon Mawr (the Great), King of Brittany, Abt 330 - 434"

32. ↑ Source: #S6 Record for Gradlon Mawr DeBretagne
33. ↑ Source: #S6 Record for King of Bretagne Conan Meriadoc ap Gereint de Bretagne
34. ↑ Source: #S6 Record for King of Bretagne Conan Meriadoc ap Gereint de Bretagne
35. ↑ ^{35.00 35.01 35.02 35.03 35.04 35.05 35.06 35.07 35.08 35.09 35.10 35.11 35.12 35.13 35.14 35.15} Brian Starr. The Life of Saint Brychan. By the author, 2008. Page 152 Accessed 4/28/2019 jhd
36. ↑ David Nash Ford. Early British Kingdoms Wokingham: Nash Ford Publishing, 2005. Profile for Conan Meriadoc 'King' of Dumnonia & Brittany. Accessed 23 Feb 2021 jhd

Bibliography

• Monmouth, Geoffrey of, Bishop of St. Asaph. History of the Kings of Britain First written in Latin and finished in 1136 as Historia Regum Britanniae. Translated by Lewis Thorpe 1966. Published by Penguin Classics. Available for loan at Archive.org. Accessed 24 Feb 2021. jhd

See Also:

• David Nash Ford's Early British Kingdoms website, "Conan Meriadoc,'King' of Dumnonia & Brittany" page, at URL http://www.earlybritishkingdoms.com/bios/conanmdm.html
• Ancestry Family Trees (Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com., 2006). ($) Text: Record for Cadfan Ap Conan Meriadog, http://trees.ancestry.com/pt/AMTCitationRedir.aspx?tid=37526012&pid=2026

Acknowledgments

• Thanks to Stephen Bridges for starting this profile.
• Gereint-1 created through the import of SRW 7th July 2011.ged on Jul 7, 2011 by Stephen Wilkinson.
• Created through the import of LJ Pellman Consolidated Family_2011-03-21.ged on 21 March 2011.