Francis (Goole) Gould migrated to New England during the Puritan Great Migration (1621-1640). (See The Directory, by R. C. Anderson, p. 133) Join: Puritan Great Migration Project Discuss: pgm
Note on spelling of last name: "Gould" is most widely used, "Gold" at 1639 court appearance, "Goold" or "Goole" at the baptism of some children and "Goole" on his death record. See "Research Notes" for more information.
Francis Gould likely was born about 1620-22 in England but his exact origins are not known. Various sites such as FindAGrave and geni.com give him parents Zaccheus Gould and Phebe Deacon and sometimes a birth/baptism location of Hemel Hempstead in Hertfordshire but that information seems to be unsourced and should not be relied upon unless a true primary source can be located. (see references)
Immigration
Francis seems to have immigrated before his apparent marriage in America. On 1 September 1638, he purchased a house and garden in Scituate from George Clark, a carpenter from Plymouth.[1] The second documented appearance of Francis Go(u)ld in America found to date is in court at the 3 September 1639 session described as "A Quarter Court, held at Boston, the 3rd Day of the 7th Month, 1639" showing the Governor and others in attendance. It can be seen on page 270 of the "Records of the Colony of the Massachusetts Bay in New England"[2] and reads as follows:
Thomas Millard, Ephraim Pope, Francis Gold, & Thom : Burkbee, being watchmen, drinking severall times strong water, were imprisoned, & Burkebee & (blank) were set in the stocks for being drunke.
This appearance is also cataloged by another commonly quoted source, "Founders of Early American Families..."by Meredith Colket.[3]
Colonial Life
Note: much of this narrative section comes from the Sumner document referenced below; primary sourcing given where found.
In 1643 he was listed among the inhabitants of Duxbury, Plymouth Colony who were able to bear arms as "Francis Goole".[4] According to Sumner, he was the smith to whom young John Eddy was apprenticed on 3 Apr 1645. However, research on Plymouth Colony records has revealed that the smith was a different, older man named Francis Goulder who, with his wife Catherine, lived in and around Plymouth Town (in Plymouth Colony) from 1638 until his death in 1664.
At the same time, THIS Francis Gould also lived in and around Duxbury (Plymouth Colony) from that 1643 appearance through at least 4 Jun 1645 as will be shown here.
Francis "Goole" appears in Plymouth court records multiple times in 1644 and 1645.[5] On 24 Nov 1644 (page 78) he is sued by William Hanbury, who rented ("farmed out") his house, land & livestock to Francis. Francis, instead of growing & gathering crops, apparently tried to sell the livestock and other items and was considered "unlikely to pay the rent". The parties agreed that Francis would leave the property and give everything back to Hanbury although no monetary fine or compensation was discussed. On page 79 of the same source, at the court of 7 Jan 1644/45, we find Francis lodging a complaint of trespass against John Shaw(e) Jr; Shaw was forced to pay a fine to Francis. And finally on 4 Jun 1645 (page 87) we see Francis as a "planter of Duxbury" fined and especially tasked with good behavior towards our sovereign lord the king and all his leige people...to appear again at the next general court and abide the further order of the court and to not depart the same without lycence. Why he was fined is not stated.
Given that his name was consistently written as "Goole" and the other Francis consistently written as "Goulder" in Plymouth records, and that there are no similar court records of misbehavior against Goulder (and given that Gould/Goole was fined for being drunk on duty by the Boston court), it seems reasonable to say that these court records apply to Francis Gould, and not to Francis Goulder.
By 1649 Gould had moved to Braintree, Norfolk County, Massachusetts, where he was living with his wife, Rose. The first six children of Francis and Rose Gould were born in Braintree and they continued to reside there until late in 1659 or early in 1660, when they moved to what was then the frontier at Chelmsford, Middlesex County, Massachusetts, It was at Chelmsford that Francis and Rose made their home for the rest of their lives. Francis built the Rose house, presumably named for his wife.
At the Chelmsford town meeting of October 7, 1673, the town made a contract with Joseph Barrett, son-in-law of Francis Gould, to build a house on Robins Hill, outside Chelmsford.[6]
When built the house consisted of one room, 16 feet by 18 feet, covered with a single thickness of boards, and had one window. The house was undoubtedly built to serve as a Lookout post to warn the town of approaching hostile Indians, at that time a danger in the area. Francis signed an agreement with the town selectmen stating that "I have taken to hier the house and land that I now live in of the selecttmen of the town For which house and land I Do covenatt with thin to pay yearly the sum of one peck of endian Corn For the towns use as wittnes my hand this last tuesday in Desembor 1673. (Signed) Francis Goold, his mark." [7]
Marriage
Francis is assumed to have married Rose Unknown about 1648 since their first known child was born in 1650 in Braintree. Braintree records showing their first several children's births show marriages back to 1643 which do NOT include this couple. Some sites give her maiden name as "Whitehall" but that is not substantiated.
Children
Note that some information comes from the "Genealogy of the Gould Family" typescript by Mark Sumner referenced below which as noted, does not contain primary sources so should be treated simply as reference material or research hints. When additional primary sources are available they will be noted for each child. "Rose" is listed explicitly as the mother on almost all of these records.
Abigail Goole b.18 Feb 1649/50 at Braintree, MA[8] m. 19 Sep 1665 Thomas Corey, d. 1719 (Sumner)
John Gould (second of his name) b. 21 Aug 1660 at Chelmsford, MA[19] note that this record is indexed with a family name of 'Guod' and it shows the 21st day of a blank month in 1661. Sumner gives this as 21 Aug. John married Elizabeth Cummings 2 Jul 1686 in Dunstable, MA[20]
Leah Goole (twin of Rachel) b. 4 May 1663 at Chelmsford, MA[21]
Rachel Goole (twin of Leah) b. 4 May 1663 at Chelmsford, MA,[22] d. 12 Feb 1674 Chelmsford, MA daughter of Francis and Rose Goole[23]
Thankful Goole b. 30 Jan 1671/72 at Chelmsford, MA[27] (in several sources incorrectly written as November 1671, the original image shows 30th day, 11th month leading to this confusion as this was old-style dating)
Disputed Children
Apparently Lucy Gould and Joseph Gould are disputed children of this couple. They are not found in primary sources and are not listed in Sumner or Chamberlain so should not be considered children of Francis and Rose and are only listed here for completeness.
Death
Francis Goole died on 27 March 1676 in Chelmsford, Middlesex, Massachusetts Bay, "aged about 56 years."[28][29]
Estate
No will or probate records have been found but according to Sumner:
From 1673 to 1676, Rose and Francis lived at Robins Hill, Middlesex Co., Massachusetts. On Oct 7, 1673, at the town meeting in Chelmsford, the town made a contract with Rose and Francis' son-in-law to build a house on Robin's Hill, a lookout.[7]
After Francis' death in 1676, Rose remained in the house with her daughter and son-in-law, Hannah and Daniel Galusha, after they took it over from the town per a signed agreement on 6 Feb 1676/77 with the town council which stated in part:
The 27th of the 12th month of 1676 was granted to Daniell Galutia (sic) that he should live in the Towne's house on Robin Hill...provided that he disturb not his mother Gool's peaceable living in the house...
Note that Daniel had to pay the town one and a half pecks of corn annually.[30]; an increase from Francis' original rent of one peck per year, showing that inflation was already rearing it's head in Colonial America.
Research Notes
A note on the spelling of his name. While "Gould" seems to be the most widely used, his name was written as "Gold" in his 1639 court appearance, as "Goold" or "Goole" at the baptisms of several of his children and as "Goole" on his death record (leaving aside such examples as "Goode" and "Guod"). How many of these are later transcription choices cannot be determined without access to original documents. Finally note that when he signed (with his mark)[7] the notes of the Chelmsford town meeting on 31 Dec 1673, his name was spelled 'Goold'. Using a mark does not mean he was illiterate, it was not uncommon for people who could read & write to use a unique mark to stamp or seal business documents. The available images were copied and transcribed in 1892 so we must also assume that the copyist faithfully rendered the spelling of his name from 1673.
Sources
↑ "Massachusetts Land Records, 1620-1986," images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-L9Z7-5Z75 : 22 May 2014), Plymouth > Deeds 1620-1651 vol 1 > image 61 of 239; county courthouses and offices, Massachusetts. Deeds, vol. 1, 1620-1651, Page 50.
↑ Records of the governor and company of the Massachusetts bay in New England p. 270
↑ COLKET, MEREDITH B., JR. Founders of Early American Families: Emigrants from Europe, 1607-1657. Cleveland: General Court of the Order of Founders and Patriots of America, 2002, 2nd Rev Ed. p 137: "FRANCIS (Goole) Born ca 1622. Boston (Mass.) 1639, Duxbury 1643, Braintree 1649, Chelmsford (Mass.) 1660. d. Chelmsford 27 Mar 1676. Watchman. One line descendants of Francis Goole of Braintree (pamphlet) 1971."
↑ The Connecticut Nutmegger. Glastonbury, CT: Connecticut Society of Genealogists, 1970-. (Online database. AmericanAncestors.org. New England Historic Genealogical Society, 2009.) Vol. 20 (1987) p. 332.subscriber$
Sprague, Waldo Chamberlain. Genealogies of the Families of Braintree, Mass, 1640-1850: Including the Modern Towns of Randolph and Holbrook and the City of Quincy, After the Separation from Braintree in 1792-3. New England Historic Genealogical Society, Boston, Mass., 2001. www.AmericanAncestors.com, Pg. 684.
Still, Mark Sumner . The Genealogy of the Gould Family: Containing a Record of One Line of Descendants of Francis Goole of Braintree and Chelmsford, Mass., Whittier, Calif., Typescript 1971, pg 1-2. https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/120036-redirection [Note: this manuscript which is archived at Ancestry.com does not contain citations for its information and thus does not meet WikiTree source requirements for pre-1700 profiles.]
Barnett, Madalene R. The Descendants of Moses and Mary (Dow) Barrett. Waco, Texas, 1982, pg. i-vii, Introduction. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89062852348 (search only) Call # 929.273 B275bm at Family History Library
The Jaquith Family in America (introduction section) by George Oakes Jaquith, Georgetta Jaquith Walker New England Historic Genealogical Society, 1982 Call # 929.273 J277a at Family History Library
The American Genealogist. New Haven, CT: D. L. Jacobus, 1937-. (Online database. AmericanAncestors.org. New England Historic Genealogical Society, 2009 - .) Vol. 42 (1966) p. 219.subscriber$ (land: Nov. 21, 1644)
The New England Historical and Genealogical Register. Boston, MA: New England Historic Genealogical Society, 1847-. (Online database: AmericanAncestors.org, New England Historic Genealogical Society, 2001-2018.) Vol. 151, p. 271.subscriber$ (court record 7 Jan 1644.)
The Essex Genealogist. (Online database. AmericanAncestors.org, New England Historic Genealogical Society, 2018.) Vol. 2, p. 107. Lyman O. Tucker. "Crest and Shield"subscription. says at Boston by 1639.
Find A Grave: Memorial #123107686 note that this is unsourced and not reliable but is included for reference
I removed the reference to Sprague's "Genealogies of Families of Braintree" as unsourced. The introduction explains where his vital records came from and when he is using unpublished sources such as church records, it's noted in the text. Of course, it's always good to look up the original sources, but I think it's a little misleading to characterize the source as unreliable.
FindAGrave is NOT considered a reliable source and if a memorial actually lists a reliable source then THAT source should be cited directly.
The parents of Francis Goole-2 are not known, please do not re-attach "Zaccheus" (also unsourced) or any other person as his father without a reliable source.
FYI for anyone researching Francis Gould, he is no longer considered the blacksmith of Plymouth to whom young John Eddy was apprenticed in 1645; that blacksmith was Francis Goulder. The contract listed Francis' wife Catherine explicitly i.e. the wife of the older Francis Goulder both of whom remained in Plymouth Colony all his life.
wahooo... thanks for finding that text, Brad. So we can conclude that the Francis Gold on p. 133 of GMD is intended to be the same person as this profile and that he migrated to New England by 1639; thereby is included in the Puritan Great Migration Project.
Brad, are you able/willing to flesh out and bring this profile up to PGM standards? Note children, where I added a source but did not add info from the source, etc.
When this profile is enriched/fleshed out, then perhaps we should notify NEHGS, specifically the Great Migration project of our additional findings regarding this migrant since GMD lists only MBCR 1:270 as source.
Thanks for asking Cheryl, I'm not a PGM member and don't know those particular standards so that might be a better task for someone who is more familiar with them.
Brad, then you deserve a huge thank you from the Puritan Great Migration project!
Perhaps a profile manager, or a member of the PGM google group would please flesh out this profile? Many thanks to anyone who has some time for this important work. :-)
Cheryl, on second thought I will work on the profile. I see links to profile examples on the PGM page so I'll go from there. I keep bumping into PGM profiles based on ancestors on my Mom's side, so I might as well :)
That would be very good, Brad. Please see here: [1] for editing guidance on PGM profiles.
Also, I want to encourage you to consider joining the Puritan Great Migration project here: [2] since you are finding ancestors and working on their profiles... ancestors who are included in the PGM project.
All done with the bio, I followed the PGM format example, hopefully this will serve. Thanks for the opportunity to help.
I was able to find transcripts of the Chelmsford town meetings to provide sourcing for some of the narrative and converted all the sources that I could from paywall to free versions on archive.org or familysearch.
Please let me know if there are revisions you would like or less editorializing about things like how his name was spelled ;)
Any reason for his father to be shown as "John Gole"? I see a baptism of Francis(cus) Gould, son of John Gould in East Coker, Somerset, England on 26 Jan 1616/17 on ancestry but that is not referenced on either wikitree record and certainly no proof that it's the right Francis.
Hi Brad, I see that the profile of John Gole is unsourced. Is there a source for him as the father of Francis Gould? If not, he should be detached with notes on profile, disputed origins on this profile, then PPPd.
I looked through several sources at NEHGS trying to discover any place that says he migrated by 1640, since I don't think he is the "Francis Gold" listed on p. 133 in GMD. Anderson says about him "court appearance only" and cites only MBCR 1:270.
I found only one that seems to be unsourced, but says he migrated by 1639: The Essex Genealogist. (Online database. AmericanAncestors.org, New England Historic Genealogical Society, 2018.) Vol. 2, p. 107. Lyman O. Tucker. "Crest and Shield"subscription. says at Boston by 1639.
Have you seen anything else that indicates a migration by 1640? Colket "Founders...." is not available online.
I'm trying to figure out if he should be included in the Puritan Great Migration project.
Cheryl, Anne B posted the full Colket citation in the answer to one of the g2g questions. That was transferred here under Source 2. We are also circling back to the same discussion held 2018 in g2g. Maybe review both g2g threads where I believe Deb had found the 1639 reference/citation. Whether we tracked that down further I do not recall but the decision at that time was he was PGM based upon available sources (I don't see that these have changed). I recall multiple spellings of the surname which appeared to be plaguing what had or had not been included in various of the references.
Where the father John Gole came from I know not and believe he should be detached as undocumented and unsourced.
T Stanton and Cheryl, I found Anne's posting here https://www.wikitree.com/g2g/736821/lookup-request-colket-emigrants-from-europe-1607-1657 but it looks like Colket was unsourced, as was Waldo Sprague Chamberlin's "Braintree" book regarding the 1639 court censure for watchman Francis Gould (I have a copy of the latter). So pre-1640 still seems up in the air. Anyway I'll disconnect the "John Gole" father profile as requested.
The following was sent to the PGM account via PM but really belongs here: "please clarify his birth name? Seemingly from the information provided he was born Gould and later took on the name Goole. If so, his birth name should be corrected.". Actually I don't see a source for his origins. Anyone have one? How was it spelled pre Migration?
Profile Managers: The 3 profiles for wife "Rose" need to be merged. Thank you.
Recommend merge into Unknown-197490 (NOT UNKNOWN-172655) since all caps in surname are not recommended. *But be sure to keep sources and biography on - UNKNOWN-172655.*
FindAGrave is NOT considered a reliable source and if a memorial actually lists a reliable source then THAT source should be cited directly. The parents of Francis Goole-2 are not known, please do not re-attach "Zaccheus" (also unsourced) or any other person as his father without a reliable source.
edited by Brad Stauf
that is likely duplicated in newly created https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Goole-31 -
edited by Brad Stauf
Brad, are you able/willing to flesh out and bring this profile up to PGM standards? Note children, where I added a source but did not add info from the source, etc.
When this profile is enriched/fleshed out, then perhaps we should notify NEHGS, specifically the Great Migration project of our additional findings regarding this migrant since GMD lists only MBCR 1:270 as source.
Perhaps a profile manager, or a member of the PGM google group would please flesh out this profile? Many thanks to anyone who has some time for this important work. :-)
Also, I want to encourage you to consider joining the Puritan Great Migration project here: [2] since you are finding ancestors and working on their profiles... ancestors who are included in the PGM project.
Thanks Brad ;)
I was able to find transcripts of the Chelmsford town meetings to provide sourcing for some of the narrative and converted all the sources that I could from paywall to free versions on archive.org or familysearch. Please let me know if there are revisions you would like or less editorializing about things like how his name was spelled ;)
https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/60856/images/engl78030_d-p-cok-e-2-1-1_m_00019
I looked through several sources at NEHGS trying to discover any place that says he migrated by 1640, since I don't think he is the "Francis Gold" listed on p. 133 in GMD. Anderson says about him "court appearance only" and cites only MBCR 1:270.
I found only one that seems to be unsourced, but says he migrated by 1639: The Essex Genealogist. (Online database. AmericanAncestors.org, New England Historic Genealogical Society, 2018.) Vol. 2, p. 107. Lyman O. Tucker. "Crest and Shield"subscription. says at Boston by 1639.
Have you seen anything else that indicates a migration by 1640? Colket "Founders...." is not available online.
I'm trying to figure out if he should be included in the Puritan Great Migration project.
Where the father John Gole came from I know not and believe he should be detached as undocumented and unsourced.
Recommend merge into Unknown-197490 (NOT UNKNOWN-172655) since all caps in surname are not recommended. *But be sure to keep sources and biography on - UNKNOWN-172655.*
https://archive.org/details/recordsofgoverno01mass/page/270
It gives more detail that could be added to the biography.
I also found this which mentions his migration in 1639:
https://www.americanancestors.org/databases/essex-genealogist-the/image?pageName=107&volumeId=12120