Michel Haché (abt. 1662 - 1737)

Husband of Marie Anne Cormier — married about 1690 in Acadie, Nouvelle-France

Descendants

Died 10 Apr 1737 at about age 75 in Port-la-Joye, Ile Saint Jean, Acadie, Nouvelle-France

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Michel Haché is an Acadian. Join: Acadians Project Discuss: ACADIA

Biography

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Parents. Little is known for certain of Michel Haché's ancestry. There are three popular theories on his possible parents: (See detailed explanations in an article by genealogist Nicole Gallant-Nunes)^[1]

1. Pierre Larché/Larcher and Andrienne Langlois of Montpellier, France
2. Louis Haché and Marguerite Navigan/Naviguan of La Rochelle, France
3. A Frenchman and an indigenous woman

See Research Notes for more information

Michel Haché (nicknamed Gallant) and Anne Cormier are the ancestors of all the Hachés and Gallants in North America^[2]

Michel Haché (Larchee) dit Gallant was born about 1662 in either France or Acadie (depending on source) and possibly baptized in Trois-Rivières, Quebec in 1668.^[3][4][5]

The first mention of Michel Haché in a document in Acadia is in 1681 when he was godfather to a seven-year-old indigenous girl named Cécile, baptized in Beaubassin.^[1] He was recorded as Michel L'Archer dit Galand. He appeared in a record again in 1682 when he was present as godfather of Madeleine Michelle Mercier at her baptism in April of that year, in Beaubassin. In that record he was referred to as Michel L'Archer dit Galan.^[6][7]

"In the autumn of 1684, in his role as a justice agent and policeman, it was Michel Haché, 20 years old, who arrested, under M. de la Vallière's orders, Jean Campagna, who was accused of sorcery and more particularly to have caused, by his evil deeds, the death of many cattle. The proceedings were ended on 28 June 1685 with the release of Campagna."^[8][4][9]

In 1686, at Chiqnitou dit Beaubassin, Michel LARCHE (sic), aged 22, was a servant living with Michel LENEUF (sic), Sr. de la Valliere, seigneur of Beaubassin, aged 45, a widower, and Le Neuf's eight children: Alexandre, aged 20, Jacques, aged 17, Marie-Josephe, aged 15, Jean-Baptiste, aged 12, Juditte (sic), aged 10, Michel, aged 8, Marguerite, aged 6, and Barbe aged 4. The household had three other servants; Francois LEGER, aged 55, GABRIEL, aged 20, and Marie LAGASSE, aged 16. Also, living with them was the gunsmith, Me. PERTUIS. Le Neuf owned 70 guns and controlled 60 arpents of cultivable land with 19 cattle, 22 sheep, and 12 hogs.^[10]

Michel married Anne Cormier daughter of Thomas Cormier and Marie-Madeleine Girouard, around 1690 in Acadia. Michel was a militia captain of the Beaubassin shore.^[5] The couple settled on a farm close to Anne's family at Ouescoque (Amherst Point, NS).^[11] Between about 1691 and 1716, Michel et Anne had 12 children:^[4]

1. Michel
2. Joseph
3. Marie
4. Jean-Baptiste
5. Charles
6. Pierre
7. Anne
8. Marguerite
9. François
10. Marie-Madeleine
11. Jacques
12. Louise

In the 1693 Acadian census, Michel age 30 and Anne age 19 were living in Beaubassin with their two young sons.^[12] Their growing family was enumerated again in Beaubassin between 1698 and 1714.^{[13][14][15][16][17][18]}

In 1720, the French colony of Isle Saint-Jean (now Prince Edward Island) was developed by the Comte de Saint-Pierre and about 300 settlers from France. ^[2]. Michel, who was in his late fifties, and Anne about 46 years of age, left Beaubassin and became one of the first Acadian families to settle there.^[7] "French authorities in fact encouraged the Acadians, living under British rule in Nova Scotia since 1713, to move to French territory."^[2] A few dozen Acadians followed.^[19] "These soldiers, fishermen, farmers and sailors were the first inhabitants of European origin to come and live on the island. Before them, the Indigenous peoples of the Mi’kmaq Nation inhabited what they called Epekwitk, which means cradle on the waves. Michel and Anne lived at Port-La-Joie, close to Charlottetown. Michel was appointed port captain of Port-La-Joie. Anne and Michel were among the most respected settlers there.^[5] They brought their younger children with them: François, Marie-Madeleine, Jacques, and Louise. Later, some of their older children would join them with their own families. Michel and Anne built their home on the garrison side of the creek. Between 1721 and 1723, Michel owned his own schooner, La Miscoudine, which he used to transport passengers and supplies to Louisbourg.^[20][21]

They were on the censuses at Port-La-Joie in 1728^[22], 1730^[23], 1734^[24][25], and 1735.^[26] Michel was listed as a farmer and a navigator.

Michel died April 10, 1737 at Rivière-du-Nord, Isle Saint-Jean, drowned by falling through the ice^[5] at the mouth of the North River on April 10, 1737.^[7][4] He was interred in Port-La-Joye on the 17th of July 1737, on the day that his body was recovered. ^[27]

" In 1965, a monument to these Acadian pioneers was raised by their descendants, now located at the Port-La Joye/Fort Amherst National Historic Site where an interpretive centre tells the story of the French period on the Island. The surname Gallant is one of the most common family name on the Island today."^[2] The foundations of their house can also be seen there.^[28]

Timeline

c1662 estimated birth

24 Apr 1668 possible baptism ^[3]

1686 residence, Beaubassin: There are Acadian church records showing this Michel in Beaubassin, Acadie in 1682 & 1684 when he was a sponsor at two baptisms. Michel's name was written in the church records "Michel l'Archer dit Galand.^[29]

1687 War of the League of Augsburg (King William’s War) starts between England and France^[30]

c1690 marriage to Anne Cormier

c1691 birth, son Michel

c1693 birth, son , Joseph

1693 residence, Beaubassin (Ouescoque)

c1694 birth, daughter Marie

c1696 birth, son Jean-Baptiste

1696 Benjamin Church raids Beaubassin. Once the English ships were seen, the inhabitants fled, carrying their more valuable possessions. Church “…stayed nine days and in his own account …admitted that the settlers’ ”cattle sheep, hogs, and dogs” were left ”lying dead about their houses, chopped and hacked with hatches". The church and some of the houses were also burnt.^[30]

1697 Treaty of Ryswick restores Acadia to France; Port-Royal is its capital^[31]

1698 residence, Beaubassin (Ouescoque)

c1698 birth, son Charles

1700 residence, Beaubassin (Ouescoque)

c1701 birth, son Pierre

1702 War of the Spanish Succession (Queen Anne’s War) starts between England and France^[31]

c1703 birth, daughter Anne

1704: Church raids Beaubassin again: “The Acadians were in arms and an indecisive skirmish ensued. After the Acadians retreated into the woods, Church and his men found that the inhabitants had removed as much of their household and farm goods as possible. Church set the buildings on fire and killed about 100 cattle before leaving to return to Boston”^[30]

c1705 birth, daughter Marguerite

c1707 birth, son François

c1710 birth, in Beaubassin, daughter Marie-Madeleine

1712 birth, son Jacques

’’1713: Treaty of Utrecht. France cedes Acadia to England. Permanent British rule’’[^[32]

1714 residence, Beaubassin (Ouescoque)

1714-15: New English King requires oaths of allegiance. Delegates from Beaubassin sign a conditional oath of allegiance, promising to stay true to the King of Great Britain for as long as they stayed in Nova Scotia, and to remain neutral in the event of a conflict between France and Great Britain

c1716 birth, daughter Louise

1720 and onward: Acadians refuse to sign an unconditional oath of allegiance. This is tolerated by the British as they lack military means to enforce the oath.^[33]

1719-20 French Comte de Saint-Pierre is granted a monopoly on Île Saint-Jean of the fisheries, naval construction, trade and agriculture by King Louis XV. The comte requests one hundred settlers from France the first year and fifty each following year. A year later, settlers, provisions and fishermen from France arrive. Acadian settlers soon follow.^[34]

1720 Michel and Ann move with Louise, Jacques, Madeleine and François to the French territory of Port La-Joie, Île Saint-Jean.

1724-34 The Comte de Saint Pierre's company is bankrupt. The French settlers return to France along with the garrison. The island is repatriated as a crown colony and then returns to the French royal domain, administered by Louisbourg.

1728-35 residence Port La-Joie, île Saint-Jean

1737 Death/Burial, rivière du Nord, île Saint-Jean; burial Port-La-Joie^[35]

Biographie

D'après les recherches des généalogistes, on a longtemps pensé que Michel Haché (Larché) dit Gallant était né vers 1662, peut-être en Acadie et aurait possiblement été baptisé à Trois-Rivières en 1668 vers l'âge de huit ans. L'acte de baptême mentionnait qu'il était le fils d'un Français et d'une "Eskimaude" (en réalité une Montagnaise). Placide Gaudet a conclu que ce Michel "sauvage" pouvait être le futur Michel Haché. Selon l'abbé Patrice Gallant, Michel était le fils naturel de Pierre Larcher, originaire de la paroisse de Saint-Pierre de la ville de Montdidier, en Picardie (actuellement dans le département de Somme). Or, des recherches récentes faites par Stephen White suggèrent plutôt que Michel pourrait être le fils de Louis Haché et de Marguerite Naviguan de La Rochelle.^[36] La généalogiste Nicole Gallant-Nunes explique dans un article les trois théories les plus populaires concernant ses origines. ^[1]

Michel était établi à Beaubassin dès 1682. ^[7]

Il épousa Anne Cormier, fille de Thomas Cormier et Marie-Madeleine Girouard, vers 1690.^[4] Au moment de son mariage il était capitaine de milice de la côte de Beaubassin.^[5] Le couple s'installe dans une ferme proche de la famille d'Anne à Ouescoque (Amherst Point, Nouvelle-Écosse).^[11]

Entre 1691 et 1716 environ, Michel et Anne ont eu 12 enfants: Michel, Joseph, Marie, Jean-Baptiste, Charles,Pierre, Anne, Marguerite, François, Marie-Madeleine, Jacques, and Louise .^[4]

En 1720, ils furent une des premières familles acadiennes à s'établir à l'île Saint-Jean (île-du-Prince-Édouard).^[7] Ils se sont installés à Port-La-Joie (près de Charlottetown), qui venait tout juste d’être fondé. On retrouve encore les vestiges de sa maison au Lieu historique national Port-La-Joye ^[28]

Michel fut nommé capitaine du port de Port-La-Joie vers cette époque. Michel et Anne et “comptaient parmi les colons les plus respectés de l’endroit”.^[5]

Michel se noya dans l'embouchure de la rivière du Nord, le 10 avril 1737.^[7] Il a été inhumé à Port-La-Joye le 17 juillet de la même année, le jour où son corps a été retrouvé. ^[27]

Research Notes

Genealogist Patrice Gallant believed that his father was probably ^[37] Pierre Larcher from Montdidier in France. In 2007, Stephen White expressed doubts about this theory. ^[38] Since then, Stephen White has discovered records in France that leads him to believe that Michel's parents were possibly Louis Haché and Marguerite Naviguan from La Rochelle. (See Special Note below). Also, some family trees list Adrienne Langlois as Michel Haché's mother. No evidence has been produced to support this claim.

Location of Birth. It is unclear whether Michel himself was born at Montdidier, Somme, Picardie, France (presumed origin of his father) or at the fishery establishment of Nicolas Denys at Saint-Pierre (near present-day St. Peter's, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia) on Île-Royale (c. 1690-1992), or elsewhere in Acadia. The censuses of Port La Joye in 1734 ^[39] and 1735^[40] where Michel Haché settled in 1720 indicate that his birthplace was in Acadia.

SPECIAL NOTE: Another HYPOTHESIS about the PARENTS of MICHEL HACHÉ-GALLANT Translation by John Estano DeRoche of note (in French) written by the master of Acadian genealogy, Stephen A. White, sent 6 March 2013 to Jean Bernard & included in latter’s vol. IV, tome 2, p. 2534. Posted with permission of Jean Bernard (received 16 Feb 2015) We have never settled the question of the identity of the father and mother of Michel Haché dit Gallant. All we used to have was the hypothesis of Father [Patrice] Gallant, that he was the child baptized at Trois-Rivières [in present-day Québec] on 24 April 1668 [when he was already 4 to 6 years old], whose father was a French man and his mother an aboriginal. ^[3] [S. White wrote “That he was the child…” using a verb in the conditional mood, which is standard in French when some doubt or hesitation surrounds an assertion.] Fr. Gallant thought that the French man could have been Pierre Larcher, because of “many circumstantial facts.” While I was searching the parish registers of Saint-Jean church in La Rochelle, which are now available on the Internet, I happened upon two baptismal records of children of a certain Louis Haché and his wife Marguerite Naviguan (or Nauigan), dated 2 Dec. 1668.^[41] According to those entries, these two children were born on “the isle of Acadia in Canada.” I believe that this island “of Acadia” could well be Cape Breton Island, considering that there was no French settlement on Prince Edward Island at that time. Those two children are Jean, then four years old, and Marguerite, who was 19 months. Marguerite Naviguan died at La Rochelle in 1669, at the age of 36. She was buried in the parish of Notre-Dame on 15 September. Nearly two years later, on 30 July 1671, Louis Haché remarried, with Michelle Pégin, in the same parish. He had at least two more children with her: Jacques, baptized on 23 Jan. 1673, and René, baptized 15 Dec. 1675. It is very interesting to note that the godfather of the first of these two boys was Jacques “Gallon,” son of Pierre Gallon, who was a La Rochelle merchant. Pierre Gallon also was an outfitter-investor [armateur] and used to send out ships to Cape Breton Island. We have nothing allowing us to link this family with Michel Haché dit Gallant, except for the fact that the censuses of 1728, 1734, and 1735 tell us the latter was born in Acadia, and that the censuses of 1686, 1693, 1698, and 1700 place his birth between 1662 and 1664. In addition, there is the fact that the above-mentioned baptismal records show that Louis Haché and his first wife produced children in Acadia between 1664 and 1667. Still [quand même], it is tempting to suppose that Michel Haché could also have been the son of Louis, especially if the link between Louis and the merchant Pierre Gallant can be taken as the source of the “Gallant” nickname. We continue to look for further information about Louis Haché of La Rochelle.

Article by Denis Savard This article also mentions SW's new findings. (English translation by John DeRoche)

In the original 1686 census at Chiqnitou dit Beaubassin, Le Neuf was written le Neuf and transcribed LENEUF. Marie Josephe was written Marie Joseph and transcribed Marie Josephe. Judith was spelled Juditte. Haché was written Larche. Mignier was written as Lagasse.^[42]

Sources

1. ↑ ^{1.0 1.1 1.2} Nicole Gallant-Nunes, The Possible Origins of the Acadian Michel Haché dit Gallant and the Ongoing D.N.A. Analysis of Haché/Gallant Descendants Today, April 2022, accessed on 2 June 2022 at https://progenealogistnicole.blogspot.com/
2. ↑ ^{2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3} Georges Arsenault,  « The Acadians of Prince Edward Island, » Acadian & French Canadian Ancestral Home , http://www.acadian-home.org/Georges-Arsenault-pen.html (accessed February 2020)
3. ↑ ^{3.0 3.1 3.2} Actes d’état civil et registres d’église du Québec (Collection Drouin), 1621 à 1967. Online publication - Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2008. Gabriel Drouin, comp. Drouin Collection. Montreal, Quebec, Canada: Institut Généalogique Drouin. Institut Généalogique Drouin; Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Drouin Collection; Author: Gabriel Drouin, comp Search: T > Trois-Rivières > Immaculée-Conception, cathédrale L’Assomption > 1634-1677 > Image 165 of 273. Accessed on ancestry.ca, November 2019.
   • View Image on ancestry.ca, (requires subscription).
   • View free Ancestry Sharing Image.

   "In the year 1668 the 24th of April in the parish of Three Rivers Monseignor Francois Jolin performed the functions...of baptism...for a male child named Michel age of 8 years born in Acadia...the father was a frenchman and the mother an Eskimaude...the godfather is Messieur de la Poterie and the godmother is Mademoiselle de la valiere."

   Eskimos did not exist in Canada at the time so the potential alternate mother was more likely Mik'maq or Montagnaise.
4. ↑ ^{4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5} White, Stephen A., Patrice Gallant, and Hector-J Hébert. Dictionnaire Généalogique Des Familles Acadiennes.. Moncton, N.-B.: Centre D'études Acadiennes, Université De Moncton, 1999, Print, p791-794.
5. ↑ ^{5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5} Patrice Gallant, “HACHÉ-GALLANT, MICHEL,” in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 2, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed April 16, 2014, Dictionary of Canadian Biography
6. ↑ Professor Stephen A. White, Dictionnaire Généalogique des familles Acadiennes, 1636-1714, 1999 Centre d'Études Acadiennes-Université de Moncton, English Supplement, page 162-163.
7. ↑ ^{7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5} English translation (J.deR.): White, Stephen A. La généalogie des trente-sept familles hôtesses des "Retrouvailles 94", Les Cahiers de la Société historique acadienne, vol. 25, nos 2 et 3 (1994). Haché dit Gallant, p. 1, English translation
8. ↑ "Life and Times of Michel Haché-Gallant" at http://www.islandregister.com/biograph.html[1] (accessed July 2013).
9. ↑ Jean Campagna Trial, WikiTree Free Space Page Space:Jean_Campagna_Trial
10. ↑ Tim Hebert; Transcription of the 1686 Acadian Census, at Port-Royal, Acadie 1686 Census Transcribed. The original census can be found at Acadian Census microfilm C-2572 of the Library and Archives Canada “Acadie Recensements 1671 – 1752”, Images 15-60.

    at Chiqnitou dit Beaubassin : Michel LENEUF Sr. de la Valliere, seigneur of Beaubassin 45; children: Alexandre 20, Jacques 17, Marie-Josephe 15. Jean- Baptiste 12, Juditte 10, Michel 8, Marguerite 6, Barbe 4; servants: Francois LEGER 55, GABRIEL 20, Michel LARCHE 22, Marie LAGASSE 16; and Me. PERTUIS, gunsmith; 70 guns, 60 arpents, 19 cattle, 22 sheep, 12 hogs.

11. ↑ ^{11.0 11.1} Surette, Paul. Atlas of the Acadian Settlement of the Beaubassin 1660 to 1755. Tintamarre and Le Lac. Tantramar Heritage Trust. 2005, p 44-45 (parents' Ouesqoque homestead at Amherst Point); p44-45 (marital homestead location).
12. ↑ Tim Hebert; Transcription of the 1693 Acadian Census, at Port-Royal, Acadie 1693 Census Transcribed. The original census can be found at Acadian Census microfilm C-2572 of the National Archives of Canada “Acadie Recensements 1671 – 1752”, Images 62-108

    Michel HACHE 30, Anne CORMIER his wife 19, Michel 1-1/2, Joseph 2 months; 13 cattle, 10 sheep, 6 hogs, 1 gun.

13. ↑ Tim Hebert; Transcription of the 1698 Acadian Census, at Port-Royal, Acadie1698 Census Transcribed. The original census can be found at Acadian Census microfilm C-2572 of the National Archives of Canada “Acadie Recensements 1671 – 1752”, Images 110-166

    at Beaubassin: Michel HACHE 36; Anne CORMIER (wife) 25; Michel 7; Joseph 5; Marie 4; Jean-Bap. 2; 12 cattle, 12 sheep, 5 hogs, 18 arpents, 1 gun.

14. ↑ Tim Hebert; Transcription of the 1700 Acadian Census, at Port-Royal, Acadie 1700 Census Transcribed. The original census can be found at Acadian Census microfilm C-2572 of the National Archives of Canada “Acadie Recensements 1671 – 1752”, Images 167-173.

    at Beaubassin: Michel HACHE 38; Anne CORMIER (wife) 27; Michel 9; Joseph 7; Jean 4; Charles 2; Marie 6; 18 cattle, 23 sheep, 7 hogs, 20 arpents, 1 gun.

15. ↑ Tim Hebert; Transcription of the 1701 Acadian Census at Port-Royal, Acadie 1701 Census Transcription. The original census can be found at Acadian Census microfilm C-2572 of the National Archives of Canada “Acadie Recensements 1671 – 1752”, Images 174-211.

    at Beaubassin : Michel ACHEE, his wife, 5 boys, 1 girl, 14 arpents, 18 cattle, 22 sheep, 15 hogs. 2 guns.

16. ↑ Tim Hebert; Transcription of the 1703 Acadian Census at Port-Royal, Acadie 1703 Census Transcription. The original census can be found at Acadian Census microfilm C-2572 of the National Archives of Canada “Acadie Recensements 1671 – 1752”, Images 212-220.

    at Beaubassin : GALAN, his wife 5 boys, 2 girls, 1 arms bearer.

17. ↑ Tim Hebert; Transcription of the 1707 Acadian Census at Port-Royal, Acadie 1707 Census Transcription. The original census can be found at Acadian Census microfilm C-2572 of the National Archives of Canada “Acadie Recensements 1671 – 1752”, Images 221-237.

    Michel ACHE and Anne CORMIER, 2 boys 14 or older, 4 younger boys, 1 girl 12 or older, 2 younger girls; 14 arpents, 24 cattle, 25 sheep, 20 hogs.

18. ↑ Tim Hebert; Transcription of the 1714 Acadian Census, at Port-Royal, Acadie 1714 Census Transcription. The original census can be found at Acadian Census microfilm C-2572 of the National Archives of Canada “Acadie Recensements 1671 – 1752”, Images 239-.

    at Beaubassin: Michel HACHE and Anne CORMIER his spouse; the widow Cormier; Children: Joseph, Marie, Jean-Baptiste, Charles, Pierre, Anne, Marguerite, Francois, Magdelaine, Jacques.

19. ↑ "Port-la-Joye-Fort Amherst: a place of memory," Le Corridor, accessed at https://corridorcanada.ca/resource/port-la-joye-fort-amherst-des-vestiges-lourds-de-sens/?lang=en
20. ↑ John Gallant, "Haché-Gallant Family History," accessed at https://web.archive.org/web/20100502003337/http://hache-gallant.com/hache-gallant/history.html (Archived link)
21. ↑ « The French Regime 1720-1758», in Island Narratives Program, accessed at http://vre2.upei.ca/cap/node/697
22. ↑ Isle Saint-Jean 30 Nov 1728 Census."Recensement de l'Isle Saint-Jean."Transcript on microfilm C-2574 of the National Archives of Canada, Images 235-240, image XXX. Original census can be found at “Acadie Recensements 1671 – 1752”.

    at Port la Joye île Saint-Jean: Michel Hache Galand, de l’accadie, Farmer and Navigator, Men 1, Women 1, Males over 15 2, Females over 15 1, Females under 15 1, Total 6, Boats or Schooners 2.

23. ↑ 1730 census at Isle Saint-Jean Transcript on microfilm C-2574 (volume 467) Original census can be found at microfilm F-768 Library and Archives Canada. MG 1, G1, volume 466, part 2, pages 235 to 241.

    at Port la Joie île Saint-Jean: Michel Galland, (father), Year of Settlement 1720, Men 1, Women 1, Children 4, Domestics 0, Total Persons 6, Schooners 0, Shallops 0.

24. ↑ Dave Hunter; Transcription of the September 1734 Acadian Census at Isle Saint-Jean, Acadie " Recensement de l'Isle Saint-Jean au mois de septembre 1734" Original census can be found at Originals on microfilm F-768, pages 242 to 252, p. 2-3. "Acadie Recensements 1671-1752," Library and Archives Canada, MG 1, G1, volume 466, no. 40

    at Port-Lajoie, Michel Haché Gallant, farmer, his wife, 2 boys over 11, 1 girl, 14 cattle,

25. ↑ Dave Hunter; Transcription (Searchable database in English) of the 1734 Acadian Census at Isle Saint-Jean, Acadie 1734 census at Isle Saint-Jean Transcript on microfilm C-2574 (volume 467) of the National Archives of Canada "Rolle des habitans de l'Isle Saint-Jean, divisé par havres et rivières, pour l'année 1734 ...," images 259 to 266, image 260 Original census can be found at Originals on microfilm F-768, No 41, pages 253 to 259, p. 1 "Acadie Recensements 1671-1752," Library and Archives Canada, MG 1, G1, volume 466, no. 41

    at Port-Lajoie, Michel Hachee 78, his wife 58, 2 boys age 27/22, 1 girl age 19, 6 oxen, 5 cows, 1 horse

26. ↑ 1735 Census at Isle Saint-Jean Transcript on microfilm C-2574 (volume 467). Original census can be found at Originals on microfilm F-768 Library and Archives Canada MG 1, G1, volume 466, part 2, pages 260 to 273.

    at Port la Joye, île Saint-Jean: Michel Haché Galland, Birthplace Acadie, Farmer, Women 1, Children 0, Servants 0, Fisherman 0, Total 2, Large livestock 15, Small livestock 0, Shallops for Fishing 0, Schooners for fishing 0, Boats for Comm. 0, Bushels Grain 18.

27. ↑ ^{27.0 27.1} Archives nationales d’outre-mer, État civil, territoire du Canada, commune ILE SAINT-JEAN (PORT-LA-JOYE) 1737, database with images, p. 3 of 4. entry for Michel Haché dit Galand Burial 17 July 1737
28. ↑ ^{28.0 28.1} Skmaqn–Port-la-Joye–Fort Amherst National Historic Site accessed at https://parks.canada.ca/lhn-nhs/pe/skmaqn/culture
29. ↑ Title: Acadian Church Records, 1679 – 1757; Transcriber and Compiler: Winston de Ville; Published by Author 1964; reprinted: Claitor’s Provincial Press, 2010. Personal Copy; pp. 4 & 7.
30. ↑ ^{30.0 30.1 30.2} Griffiths, Naomi E.S., From migrant to Acadian : a North-American border people, 1604-1755, Montreal (Québec), McGill-Queen's University Press, 2005, p147-151 (King William’s War); p 164 (1696 Church raid of Beaubassin); p 208 (1704 Church’s Raid on Beaubassin)
31. ↑ ^{31.0 31.1} Dunn, Brenda. A History of Port Royal / Annapolis Royal 1605-1800. Nimbus Publishing, p44-45 (1697 Treaty of Ryswick); p52-53(1702 Queen Anne’s War); p82-85(1710 Siege of PR).
32. ↑ http://cfml.ci.umoncton.ca/1755-html/indexc15f.html?id=010201000&lang=en&style=G&admin=false&linking= The Neutrality: Political Context, in 1755 l'Histoire et les Histoires, University of Moncton]
33. ↑ The Neutrality: Political Context, 1755 Histoire et Les Histoires, University of Moncton
34. ↑ Parks Canada, "Port of Entry", Port-la-Joye-Fort Amherst National Historic Site of Canada.
35. ↑ Port Lajoye, Ile Saint Jean - Civil Records Taken from Pages 210 & 211 taken from the Registres & Photographies Aux Archives D'Ottawa, Ontario and recorded in "Acadia, Canada, Vital & Church Records (Drouin Collection)" at #R2.

    On the 17th of July 1737, I the undersigned have buried in this harbor cemetery the body of Michel Hache dit Gallant resident of this harbor who has sunk (drowned) at the mouth of the river "du Nord" this year on the 10th day of April and who was not found until this day.

36. ↑ Denis Savard, "A-t'on trouvé les parents de Michel Haché-Gallant?" Acadie Nouvelle, 13 mars 2016 accessed at http://www.acadienouvelle.com/chroniques/2016/03/06/racines-acadiennes-a-t-on-trouve-les-parents-de-michel-hache-gallant
37. ↑ Note on translation: The French reads "serait" which is the conditional form of the verb, and translates literally as "would be." However, it is French practice to use this conditional form to indicate likelihood-that-the-author-is-not-going-to-swear-as-gospel, or alternatively, to suggest something that is known but that should be put diplomatically. It is standard practice among French journalists, for example. (In the novel mentioned, Melvin Gallant adopts the account that has Michel's mother as Mi'kmaw, dying in giving birth to him at the Nicolas Denys site in Cape Breton.)
38. ↑ Karen Theriot Reader Michel Haché citing Stephen White in Ajouts et Corrections.

    Sources: Ajouts et Corrections - Stephen A. White - http://www.umoncton.ca/umcm-ceaac/files/umcm-ceaac/wf/wf/pdf/cor-dict.pdf - Corrections made to Dictionnaire généalogique des familles acadiennes. - Internet - Internet - Internet - for p. 791 (Aug 2007) Expresses lack of certainty that he is the child in this baptism. See note. - Born in Acadie around 1662, perhaps the one who was baptized at Trois Rivieres on 24 Apr 1668 at age 8 years (sic), son of a Frenchman and an Eskimo [sic]. Ajouter une nouvelle Note de S.A. White, comme suit: i. La supposition du Père Patrice Gallant selon laquelle son ancêtre Michel Haché dit Gallant était le fils d'un Français et d'une Amérindienne aurait été fondée sur quelques notes que Placide Gaudet a prises en interrogeant des membres de la famille Gautrot à Pré-d'en-Haut en novembre 1884 (, CEA, 1.112-36). L'enquête de Gaudet n'a été menée que vingt ans après le décès de Petit Pierre Gautrot à l'âge de cent ans, donc, il est fort possible que la tradition que Gaudet a conservée soit venue de lui. Petit Pierre était le fils de Paul Gautrot et d'Anne dite Nannette Belliveau. Au sujet des antécédents de cette dernière, Gaudet a écrit qu'un . En effet, Nannette Belliveau était la fille de Louis Belliveau et de Louise Haché. Celle-ci était la Métisse de la citation de Gaudet. Vu que sa mère Anne Cormier était la fille de Thomas Cormier et de Madeleine Girouard, qui n'avaient aucun sang autochtone, il faut croire que Louise était considérée métisse à cause de son père, Michel Haché, d'où la croyance que ce dernier était le fils d'un Français et d'une Amérindienne. C'est cette croyance que Michel Haché était métis qu'a amené le Père Gallant à l'identifier avec l'enfant baptisé avec le prénom Michel dans le registre de Trois-Rivières, dont le père était un Français et la mère une Esquimaude . Mais comment s'explique-t-elle la présence d'une Esquimaude en Acadie? Une interprétation plausible de ce dernier détail nous a été offerte par Denis Jean, de Patapédia (Québec). Monsieur Jean nous a expliqué que les Montagnais ont été appelés les Petits Esquimaux par les Français de l'époque, donc la mère de Michel Haché a pu être une Montagnaise. La présence des Montagnaises au Cap-Breton est pleinement attestée par les Relations des Jésuites. La troisième lettre de la mission de l'Acadie (R.G. Thwaites éd., Les Relations des Jésuites, vol XLV, 1899, p 68) mentionne une telle femme qui a été amenée prisonnière à l'île du Cap-Breton par les Mi'kmaq peu avant le 16 octobre 1659.

39. ↑ 1734 Census at Port la Joye, île Saint-Jean: Michel Haché Gallant, Birthplace Acadie, Farmer, Women 1, Boys +11 1, Girls 1, Servants 0, Fisherman 0, Total 5, Cattle 14, Sheep 0, Shallops for Fishing 0, Schooners for fishing 0, Boats for Comm. 0.
40. ↑ 1735 Census at Port la Joye, île Saint-Jean: Michel Haché Galland, Birthplace Acadie, Farmer, Women 1, Children 0, Servants 0, Fisherman 0, Total 2, Large livestock 15, Small livestock 0, Shallops for Fishing 0, Schooners for fishing 0, Boats for Comm. 0, Bushels Grain 18.
41. ↑ Arch. en ligne, Charente-Maritime (La Rochelle, France), « Reg. paroissiaux, pastoraux et d’état civil », GG352, Commune La Rochelle, collection communale, régistre paroissial, baptêmes mariages sépultures, Paroisse St-Jean-du-Perrot, 1668-1680, Image 23 of 302 (first entry top left page) Jean & Marguerite Baptism 2 December 1668
42. ↑ https://heritage.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.lac_reel_c2572/51

See also:

• Bernard, Jean. 2013. Généalogie des familles acadiennes de l’Île-du-Prince-Édouard. c. 1764-c. 1900. Vol. IV, Tome 2 : C-F. Baie de Malpèque PE : Édité par l’auteur.
• Keefe-Trainor, Linda. "History of Michel Haché-Gallant" on Gallant Family Website: Archived link to disabled website. Linda Keefe-Trainor notes the following as her sources: Family Tree information gathered from Father Patrice Gallant's book "Michel Hache-Gallant et ses descendants", the late John Gallant's “Descendants of Michel Hache-Gallant” file at the "Island Register ", "McIver Family " book by Ronald McIver (1985), "Gallant Family Reunion " book by Sr. Muriel Gallant (1993) and Mary Turcotte, granddaughter of Clara A. Gallant. [Also:] Special thanks to genealogists Stephen A. White, Gaby Burke-Vienneau, Ron Nelson and Gordy McCarville. https://web.archive.org/web/20190415101356/http://www.keefetrainor.com/gallant_home.htm (Archived link) (site accessed 5 June 2012).
• Source: Microfilm # N31067 (National Archive) A series of articles published in the L'Evangeline (Newspaper) , Moncton, N.B.
• Thomas W. Leblanc, "Les Acadiennes de Terre-Neuve" published 25 March 1948
• Généalogie Des Familles Acadiennes De L'Ile Du Prince Edouard Volume 4 Gallant Book 2 Pages 2534-2535
• Melvin Gallant, 2009, Le Métis de Beaubassin -- see Book -- in which Michel H-G is the principal character, during his years at Beaubassin, from his youth around 1677 (when he first arrived there as assistant and as de facto foster son of the seigneur, Michel Le Neuf de La Vallière) until his mature middle-age in 1720, when he and his family left British-held Acadia for Port La Joye (just outside present-day Charlottetown), on the French-held Île Saint-Jean (now the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island). A draft English translation of this novel has been completed (mid-2013) and is undergoing revision in hopes of publication.
• Gallant-Collyer family tree
• Hache-Gallant family tree