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George's birth date and place have been derived from the 1850 census. Thus he was born about 1781 in Virginia. This would mean his name should begin appearing on tax lists by about 1802. What we don't know is if he was still in Virginia at that time or had decided to move west into Kentucky. Census records as well as Kentucky birth and death certificates show George's children and some of his descendants were born in Virginia. Thanks to Y-DNA testing for two of the male descendants of George Johnson and the fact they match Y-DNA tests for other Johnsons who resided in southwestern Virginia about 1780-1790 we can assume George Johnson was probably living there about 1800 or at least passed through. Research is ongoing viewing Virginia tax lists. deeds and county records to properly identify George's family connections.
We do know that in 1799 George Johnson Sr and George Johnson, Jr are found on the tax lists of Franklin County, Virginia.[1] This is the first time both names appear in the tax list. If George Jr was 16 years old in 1799 then he would have been born about 1783 which is close to the approximate age (born 1781) we have for our George. Thus far research has shown the two men, George Sr. and Jr., appear in the Franklin Co., VA tax list through at least 1805. (Franklin County, Virginia Tax Lists show a George Johnston/Johnson (SR) beginning in 1786.)
Based on tax lists from Franklin County, Virginia[2] the Johnsons probably moved after harvest in 1805 because we know Rhoda Johnson was born 1806 Scott Co. [3]Some stopped in Washington County then continued into eastern Kentucky in what was then Floyd County but later became Pike County. Taking a look at 1810 census for Floyd Co. Kentucky we find four men in the over 45 age category: Benja. Johnson, William Johnson, John Johnson, and Jacob Johnson.[4] Their ages fit with the Franklin County, Virginia records and they are probably the same men as found in early Bedford and Franklin Co. Tax Lists. There was a George Johnson (age 27-45) in the 1810 census for Floyd County, Kentucky and as outlined below documents indicate it was probably George Johnson, Jr. [5]
Commonwealth of VA vs George Johnson Jr Court Case |
Further evidence George left Franklin County about 1805 is shown by his involvement in a court case. George Johnson Jr. was accused of taking a saddle valued at ten dollars. [6]George Johnson Sr. and John Gibson [7]put up Bond so he could be released until trial. The case was dismissed with a judgment against George of 83 cents for fine and court costs.[8] However, in addition the decision of the County Court was that he should go to trial at District Court in September. George Senior and John Gibson put up bail with their land, etc. being levied if George Junior did not appear in District Court.[9] George Junior did not show for the District Court trial and then an order was made to select a jury. It appears that there were witnesses called, a judgment made and sent back to County Court. George Johnson Senior, had to forfeit the land he had put up for bail to the Commonwealth because Junior did not show.[10] Among the witnesses was John Miller who lived in 1798 on Little Creek [27] as did the other witnesses who were from the general neighborhood. The Johnsons also owned land on Little Creek although their main property was on Magotty Creek.[11]
Another Franklin County, Virginia record from the Chancery Court provides background on Johnson family relationships. A lawsuit between Thomas Lewis and William Johnson indicates the family resided in the area of Magotty Creek and tax lists confirm this.[28] The depositions in the court case on p 10 Jacob Johnston is singled out as the brother of William Johnston. On p 12 it appears William Johnson, Patrick Johnson, and Jacob Johnson were all at the house of Capt David Morgan and on p 15 Thomas Lewis stated John Johnson was the father of William Johnson. These men, John, William, Patrick, and Jacob Johnson as well as David Morgan are later found living in Floyd County, Kentucky by 1810.
George Johnson had married Rachel (Doran) Sanford by about 1800 as shown in records from Floyd and Pike Counties Kentucky. George Johnson was the "step-father" of Milly Sanford gave consent for her marriage to Archibald Slone in 1812 Floyd County, Kentucky. [12]
George's wife Rachel continued to use her first husband's surname (Sanford) for several records regarding real estate in Floyd County. The reason may have been problems George Johnson had with debt. In March 1814 Rachel Sanford appointed James Slone Power of Attorney to collect her part of the estate of Harkman Doren, decd. Witnesses were Simeon Justice, Paton Justice and Amous Slone. Harkman Doran was Rachel's father.[13] [14]
Tracing Rachel's land further we find David Morgan[15]using a bond assigned his interest in a small tract of land that was part of the "Fugit Survey" where George Slone once lived to James Slone in 1814. James Slone (who held a Power of Attorney from Rachel Sanford) turned the bond and assigned interest over to Rachel Doran on 1 Mar 1814. On 6 Jan 1819 Rachel Doran turned over her "title" or interest in George Slone's land to Joseph Adkins. [29] Connecting all the details together we find that on 5 Oct 1824 “by virtue of an order from George Johnson to Joseph Adkins and Joseph Adkins to Caswell Adkins” turned over their interest in 5 acres on Little Sandy River to Alexander Lackey who sold to George Justice.[16] [17]
Also tied up in this legal back and forth for property is Archibald Slone who had married Milly Sanford who was Rachel's daughter by her first husband. On March 15 1825 Pike County, Kentucky Commissioners conveyed land of Alexander Lackey, heir at law of David Morgan, Decd. of one part and Archibald Slone, assignee of Joseph Adkins of the other part.... 180 pounds is paid by Joseph Adkins to David Morgan Heirs and thereby sells to Archibald Slone, assignee of Joseph Adkins land in Pike, formerly in Floyd Co., on the Levice (sic) Fork of Sandy River beginning at the lower end of Joseph Fugates survey known by the name of the Grape Vine Tract. Deed recorded 25 April 1825.[18] NOTE: 1000 acres of land known as the "Grape Vine Tract" on Levisa (sic) Fork of Sandy River was sold by Josiah Fugat and wife Betty of Montgomery County, Kentucky to David Morgan of Floyd County, Kentucky on 2 April 1805. [19]
Finally on 26 Jun 1824 there was a deed for the sale of 30 acres on Louisa Fork of Sandy River part of Josiah Fugate survey to George Justice by the heirs of David Morgan, Decd and William Morgan, Decd (who was also an heir at law of David Morgan. Heirs of David Morgan: Alexander Lackey and William Morgan. Heirs of William Morgan, Decd: Laura Morgan; John W. McReynolds; Jonathan Mayo.[20]
In February 1819 Floyd County, Kentucky Court Orders show George Johnson was removed as road surveyor for the road from the mouth of Pompey to the 43 mile tree. Shadrack Slone was appointed by the court to replace him. Slone may have been put in because Johnson had removed or moved to another area. One of the perks of being road surveyor meant an individual was exempt from paying taxes for a year as shown by William, John and Jacob Johnson who all served as road surveyors and were exempted from taxes for their work.[21]
Regarding the apparent movement of George Johnson and his family members it may be accounted for because of various county divisions between 1821 and 1832 which included Floyd (1800) to Greenup (1803) to Pike (1822) to Lawrence (1822), and Carter (1838) Counties. The time necessary to survey and re-establish county boundaries also affected the tax lists and county courts. Additionally the Floyd County property owned by George's wife Rachel, was tied up in litigation. While the family may have been living on it tax records may not have reflected their ownership.
Some of the early records connected to our George Johnson are the tax lists for Pike County, Kentucky beginning in 1825. [22] His movements after this seem to be a checkerboard of jumping from county to county northward along the Big Sandy River and back and forth from Virginia to Kentucky.
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(Note: Carter County was created 1838 from Greenup and Lawrence Counties.)
In 1832 the tax list shows he was in Cabell County, Virginia.[23] He was still there in 1833 along with Ambrose and Archibald.[30]
Using Kentucky tax lists George Johnson is next located in 1839 in Greenup County, Kentucky along with William, Ambrose and Andrew. They own no land and each has one horse with the exception of Andrew who has none.
George Johnson was age 60-70 and resided in Greenup County, Kentucky in the 1840 census. Households listed on either side of him were William Johnson and Elijah Johnson, both age 30-40.[24]
Greenup County, Kentucky Deed Books show George Johnson and Booker Johnson were exchanging personal property in 1843. George transferred his right and title of livestock and household goods to Booker. The reason for the transfer of property may have been because George was deeply in debt and to avoid his possessions being seized by creditors he signed over everything to a relative, his oldest son. [25]
Further light is shed on Booker Johnson's property by an 1848 Greenup County deed which mentions a survey W. Hensley made for Booker Johnson. [26]
Then Booker Johnson died by 1848 and possibly at the instigation of creditors the Greenup County court asked Booker's father (George) for an inventory from Booker's estate as well as an accounting of what happened to the personal property. George replied nothing was left. [27]
The Greenup County, Kentucky tax lists between 1839 to 1849 provide much useful information on the Johnsons even though their exact location can not be ascertained because they own no land.
1843 Greenup County, Kentucky tax list has Ambrose, George, Booker, Elijah, and William Johnson listed together but owning no land. [28] However, an Elijah Johnson acquired a land grant in 1843 for 50 acres on Bookers Fork in Lawrence County, Kentucky.[29] We cannot be sure if this Elijah was George's son (Elijah Johnson) or an older Elijah Johnson who also came to southeastern Kentucky from Washington County, Virginia (and whose descendants share a Y-DNA match with George Johnson).
In 1846 George is not on the Greenup County tax lists but listed next to each other were: William, John, Booker, Elijah, and Ambrose. None of them owned land.[30]
The Greenup County tax list for 1847 lists next to each: Charlotte Jones (daughter of George--there is another Charlotte Jones shown a bit further down on the same list); then follow Johnsons; George, Elijah, Booker and William. None of them own land. 1847[31]
The 1848 tax list George Johnson is missing but Elijah Johnson is shown owning 200 acres on Laurel Creek. Adjoining and following Elijah's name are William, Richard and Ambrose.[32] Elijah's deed for this land shows the Johnsons were living in the area of Laurel Creek a tributary of East Fork of Little Sandy and mentions a boundary line "laid down for Booker Johnston". [33]
The exact location of George and his family is revealed in the 1849 tax list. George Johnson had acquired 100 acres of land on East Fork of Little Sandy. Living with him on East Fork were William Johnson with 50 acres and Charlotte Johnson (a.k.a. Jones) with 50 acres and adjoining them were Saml., and Ambrose who had no land. The total acreage (200 acres) for the land of George, William and Charlotte amounts to the same land Elijah paid taxes on in 1848. There were other Johnsons on the list but not adjoining George's family. These Johnsons owned no land so the exact location of their residence is not known but they include: James and Joseph Johnson (listed together); and a bit further down the page another Joseph Johnson.[34] [35]
The population of Greenup County had grown by the 1850 tax list and several different Johnson families are found on two pages. Listed together and presumably living next to each other were: Ambrose (no land), George (100 acres East Fork), Wm. (50 acres East Fork) and Charlotte (50 acres East Fork). [36]
George's household was enumerated in the 1850 census for Greenup County as household #810 George Johnson 59 farmer, $500, b VA and his wife Rachel 66, b VA. They are living next door to household #811, their daughter Charlotte Jones 45, and near household #806, their son William Johnson 45. On the following page is found household #812 for Joab Slone and his wife Rhoda who was the daughter of George and Rachel. [37] Also, according to census and tax lists, possibly related to the Johnson family was another near neighbor Edmund Cooley. Deeds in Washington County, Virginia show George Johnston (sic Johnson) sold property to Thomas Coly (sic Cooley) between 1829 and 1831.[38]
George purchased 250 acres on Laurel Branch in Greenup County from William Hampton in 1851. [39]
The Greenup County, Kentucky tax list for 1851 finds George Johnson and assorted family members listed owning land on East Fork. Listed next door to each other are: William Johnson with 50 acres on East Fork and 3 children in his household age between 5 to 16; George Johnson, 100 acres on East Fork (no children); and Charlotte Johnson, with 50 acres on East Fork and 2 children age 5 to 16. [40]
The tax list 1852 has a George Johnston with 50 acres on the Ohio River and one town lot but it is not known if he is the same man as the one on East Fork. [41]
From 1854 to 1857 tax lists show George with varying acreage of around 100 acres on Laurel Creek.[42]Then 1854-1857 he had a 100 acres on Laurel Creek.
Between 1851 to 1857 George Johnson deeded land, described as "Quit Claim" deeds along with personal property in Greenup County to William, Elijah, and Lintin (sic Linton). [43] In 1854 George and Rachel sold 250 acres on Laurel Creek to Ambrose Johnson.[44]
The will of George Johnson dated 1857, names his widow Rachel and children Ambrose, William, Elijah, Archibald, Charlotte, Rhoda. Witnesses: William Bremfull, Robert Towles[45][46] Regarding the background for the witnesses and executors to this document the name Robert Towles may in fact have been Robert Toler found among the pioneer settlers of Floyd County, Kentucky in 1810[47] Robert Toler married Juliet Keech on 7 Sep 1826 in Lawrence County, Kentucky.
Sale of part of the land owned by George Johnson was sold by the heirs of Ambrose Johnson in 1873. [48]
Family Tree DNA's Johnson Project is showing George Johnson as part of Family Group Chestnut Oak which includes Elijah Johnson. Results of a 67 marker Y-DNA test show George Johnson is closely related to Elijah Johnson. The tests show George has a Genetic Distance of 2 from Elijah Johnson. This means there are only 2 differences between their 67 markers and it is probable they share a common ancestor. We are working on a paper trail to confirm it.
Several of the descendants of William Johnson (son of George Johnson) have been Autosomal DNA tested. Y-DNA tests for two of the male descendants show the haplogroup is I-P37. (kit #87524 and kit # 519246)
For what it is worth Family Tree DNA has a match on a Y-DNA 111 marker test (Haplogroup I-Y5455) of a descendant of Bluford Johnson with Y-DNA 67 marker test and Genetic Distance of 2 for descendant of George Johnson . Other tests showing a close relationship (Genetic Distance of 1 and Haplogroup I-P37) with Bluford Johnson include a descendant of Elijah Johnson) and a descendant of Thomas Irvine Johnson. Recently the following updated explanation of the match was received. Y-DNA 111 marker test Kit #429686 (I-Y5455) (descendant of Bluford Johnson) with Y-DNA 67 marker test for descendant of George Johnson is more specific as to location. The Johnson project manager stated: "Our project covers the entire I-P37 haplogroup, but the pattern of your Y67 markers shows that you belong to a branch of I-P37 that is called I-L161 and the more specific I-Y5455 "Isles-C" branch....The entire I-L161 Isles group is nicknamed "Isles" because it is more common in Great Britain and Ireland than in continental Europe. Another DNA testing company gives the I-L161 group the nickname "The Deerhunters" which is supposed to mean that your paternal ancestors were already in Western Europe well over 6,000 years ago, leading a hunter-gatherer life, before the arrival of new technologies, agriculture, new languages. Some branches of I-L161 are found only in continental Europe but I-Y3734 and all of its subbranches like I-Y5455 are all strictly Irish/British and especially characteristic of central and central-western Ireland. Several years ago we gave these branches nicknames like Isles-A and Isles-C, and we still use these names because they are easier to remember."
Thomas Irvine Johnson DNA: Family Tree Johnson Family Project. Y-DNA 67 marker test showing Genetic distance of 1 match Daniel William Johnson with Kit 271929 Elijah Johnson and a match for 67 markers with a genetic distance of 3 with Kit 875247 George Johnson and a 37 marker match with Kit 519246 George Johnson, showing a genetic distance of 1. All are haplogroup I-P37. (Kit # 875247 has a paper trail to George Johnson ).
Suggesting a common ancestor farther back on the family tree is a 12 marker match (Haplogroup I-P37) between a descendant of Eli Johnson with descendants of George Johnson. (12 marker match kit #112057 whose line goes back to WilliamTaulbee Johnson. Rest line traces back to William Johnson as follows:KY, Floyd Co. Census pages were used for all of these
Troy Johnson Kit #B5586 is the only one in Chestnut Oak Group for Y-DNA that I’ve not been able to take back any further than what’s given. This is all I have for #B5586 [31]
Autosomal DNA tests show the following matches:
Ancestry Trees: Karen Newman Family Tree by Karen Newman [32]
See: Isaac Johnson (Cline Johnson Family Blog) [33]
Family of David Johnson and Nannie Abbott--Wikitree: David Johnson
Family of William John Johnson and Nancy Hilton, son George Washington Johnson. Possibly related to Eli Johnson and Benjamin Albright Johnson and Johnson-65943
Earliest ancestor on Magotty Creek Patrick Johnson (Cousin George said his autosomal test showed he was from Ireland or Scotland areas)
In the name of God, Amen. I George Johnson of the County of Greenup and State of Kentucky being reminded by the infirmities of old age, the great uncertainty of human life and being desirous of disposing of my worldly estate doth hereby will and bequeath that so much of my estate as will be sufficient to pay my debts and funeral expenses, be sold and the monies thus applied. 2dly after the payment of all my debts and funeral expenses I give and bequeath to my beloved Wife Rachel Johnson if she should survive me, my dwelling house with all the beds & bedding and household & kitchen furniture and one horse and one cow during her natural life 3dly I do hereby give and bequeath to my son Ambrose Johnson all of the residue of my estate not heretofore disposed of and 4thly I do further bequeath to my son Ambrose Johnson at the death of his Mother all of that portion of my estate willed to my Wife during her natural life upon this express condition that the said Ambrose Johnson is to take care of his Mother Rachel Johnson and to pay her funeral expenses, and pay after the death of his said Mother Rachel Johnson out of her estate the following bequeaths viz. Pay to my son William Johnson one dollar, and to my son Elijah Johnson one dollar, and to my son Archibald Johnson one dollar, and to my daughter Charlotte Johnson one dollar, and to my daughter Rhoda Johnson one dollar and lastly I do hereby constitute and appoint my friends Robert Towler and William ( his X mark) Bremfull executors of this my last Will and Testament and revoking all other Wills and Testaments heretofore made by me, in witness whereof I do hereby set my hand and seal this 16 day of November 1857. George (his X mark) Johnson {seal} Signed and sealed in the presence of Attest Robert Towler William (his X mark) Bremfull
State of Kentucky } Greenup County } st I William Coram(?) Clerk of the County Court for the County aforesaid do hereby certify that at a County Court held for said County on the 7th day of December 1857 the foregoing writing purporting to be the last Will and Testament of George Johnson was this day produced ---- and ----- to be the last Will and Testament of the said George Johnson according to law by the oaths of Robert Towler and William Bremfull --- being witnesses hereto and ordered to be recorded. Whereupon, the said Will together with this Certificate has been duly recorded in my office William Coram Clerk
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