Alexander Johnston

Alexander Laurie Johnston (1783 - 1850)

Born in Camlork, Braddan, Isle of Man
Died at age 67 in Bluehill, Kircudbright, Scotland

Alexander Laurie Johnston (1783 - 1850)

Born in Camlork, Braddan, Isle of Man
Died at age 67 in Bluehill, Kircudbright, Scotland

Family Tree of Alexander Johnston


Contents

Biography

Isle of Man flag
Alexander Johnston was born in the Isle of Man

Alexander Lawrie/Laurie Johnston was one of the earliest British pioneer merchants of Singapore. He founded the trading company A. L. Johnstone & Co. in Singapore, 1820, and was respected and liked, due to his fair dealings with business partners and those who knew him. A pier at Singapore was named after him.[1]

Birth and Parentage

Alexander was born on Camlork Farm, near Douglas, on the Isle of Man, on or just before 1 January 1783, his christening date, youngest son of farmer, James Johnston of Camlork, and his wife Elizabeth, née Lawrie. [2] He had two siblings, born before him; the oldest, William; then Jane, and after his father died at the age of 36 in November 1784, his pregnant mother gave birth to his youngest sister, Joan. It seems that Elizabeth took her children back to Urr, Kircudbright, on the coast of Dumfriesshire, Scotland, where she had been married. [3] She died at Rerwick (sic) Park, Kirkcudbright, Scotland on 13 July 1838 and was buried at Old Rerrick Kirkyard. The Find My Past record [4] states that she died on 13 July, but the grave inscription records her death on 13 August 1838. [5]

Opium Ships at Lintin, China[6]

Little is known of Alexander between his birth and the age of 12, when he became a midshipman and went to sea with the East India Company merchant navy. He worked his way up the ranks to Chief Mate and then leaving the Merchant Navy, becoming an independent sea captain. [7]In 1819[8] or 1820, seeing the business potential in Singapore, [9]he joined with other early pioneers, including Sir T. Stanford Raffles, in building up the early pioneer community there.


Early Singapore Harbour[10]
Around 1823, he secured a piece of dry land on the western bank of the Singapore River, on which he built a new warehouse and home.[11]

By 1827, Singapore had a male population of 10,307; females numbered 3,443. Of these, 69 men and 18 women were European; vastly outnumbered by the Chinese and Malays. The town had established itself as a place with a well-filled harbour and a busy population; the streets were described as broad and clean, and the houses, new and neatly constructed of wood, with red-tiled roofs, impressing a writer who visited the port on a tour of the East.[12]

Making a reputation for himself as a liberal and generous host, Johnston became known as someone who was as concerned for the welfare of Singaporeans, whether European, Arab or Chinese, and built up in the opinion of those who knew him, respect and affection. [7]

It may be mentioned as characteristic of the readiness of Mr Johnston to respond to the call of the unfortunate, that in the earliest cash book which seems to have been opened after he commenced business in Singapore, the first entry at his personal debt is as follows:
"A.L. Johnston - paid subscription for release of female European slave -$10 [7]


Raffles, who became a close friend, made him a magistrate under Regulation III, of 20 Jan 1823 [11]and a member of the Town Committee. Concerned about establishing quality education in the town, [13]he

was one of the Trustees of the Singapore Institution and the firm of A.L. Johnston acted as Treasurer to the Institution. Raffles had money invested in the firm, for we have Lady Raffles writing to her sister-in-law, Mary Anne Flint on 6 May 1826, after the collapse of the agency house of Thomas Macquoid, expressing the hope that the money from Johnson's (sic) House will come safe home, or we shall be ruined & not have health to begin in the world again.[14]

The Singapore Institution was involved in the raising of monies for the furthering of education; Alexander's name was on the list of subscribers. [15]

Following Raffles' death in 1826, Alexander Laurie Johnston was one of the members of a committee formed on 30 Jan 1827 to decide on a fitting memorial to the founder of Singapore. A. L. Johnston & Co undertook to act as Treasurer, receive contributions and gave a subscription of $100 to the fund. [16] On 18 October 1827, he was also appointed as one of the Justices of the Peace for the Three Settlements. [17]

Photo of A.L. Johnston's Premises taken in the 1870s[18]

By 1826, his trading company, A. L. Johnston & Co, had become Singapore's largest merchant house.[19][20][21]

The company traded in commodities such as opium, pepper, gambier and spices, and acted as agents for a variety of enterprises, including steamers, banks, and insurance companies. [22][23]


On 26 Sept 1836 he was the foreman among other local dignitaries, including Joseph Balestier, in a Grand Inquest held before the Hon. Samuel George Bonham. [24]

In 1837, Singapore's Chamber of Commerce was founded, of which Alexander Laurie Johnston became the first President. [19][25]

He finally left Singapore in 1841, possibly because of ill health, which, perhaps because of characteristic modesty, he had never mentioned to his friends, because they were surprised at the announcement of his departure. He embarked on the Charles Grant for Bombay with his friends Mr Alexander Guthrie and Mr William Spottiswood.[26] They then took the steamer Berenice from Bombay to Suez, [27]sailed from Alexandria on the steamer Oriental via Malta to Falmouth, Cornwall. [28]

Falmouth Harbour - 1840s[29]
He then travelled to Scotland[7] to his mother's family's home region of Kirkcudbrightshire, to the village of Auchencairn, to Bluehill, a farm of 100 acres[30] which his elderly sister spinster Jane Johnston was farming for the Galloway landowner, William Charles Stewart Hamilton, 5th of Craighlaw, Kirkcowan, [31]who died before 1879. The farm had previously been owned by a Mrs H. Johnstone. Whether there was a family connection is unknown. [32][33]

In 1841 Jane was farming at Rerwick Park, and her married sister Joan Burnet was farming at Shaw Hill, not far away. [34]

In 1845 the inhabitants of the area were described by the local minister, the Rev. James Thomson,

peaceable, humane and hospitable, have a lively sense of decorum and character, and many of them give indubitable proofs that their minds are deeply imbued with rational piety. This was the character of the people of Rerrick in 1794 and at the distance of half a century, they have in no respect forfeited their claim to it. [33]

The little harbour town of Kirkcudbright, at the mouth of the R. Dee, about 10 miles away, was described in 1844 as

Small, clean, silent, and respectable; it seems ... the type of a place to which decent characters and moderate purses would retire for quiet comfort.[35]


Death

In the 68th year of his life, Alexander L Johnston died on 19 February 1850 at Blue Hill Farm, where his siser Jane was farming a year later. [36][37]

The author of his obituary in the Singapore Free Press on 19 April 1850 wrote

To the deep regret of all who knew him on this Island, the news of the death of Alexander Laurie Johnston, Esquire......To know him was to know an honest man and a warm friend. ....he was one of the most sterling of the “worthies” of Singapore.[11]


Johnston's Pier [38]
Mr. A. L. Johnston, the contemporary of Sir S. Raffles, and who was much in the confidence of that eminent man, although he had resided in Europe for several years before his death, to the last took a most lively interest in Singapore, and by his will left a handsome donation to the Institution.[39]


The following April,

a subscription was made for the purpose of making a steel engraving of the painted likeness of the late Mr. A. L. Johnston, of which there are now copies in the Library, and in several of the mercantile offices.[39]


A.L. Johnston & Co finally went into liquidation in 1892. [40]

Research Notes

Marriage

Whether he married and had children is not certain, although unconfirmed information in the internet indicates that he may have been: [41] [42]

The wedding between Henry Clement Johnston, son of Mr. R. T. Johnston of Alnwick, Northumberland, and Candalaria Louiza, daughter of Don Manuel Diáz da Castella of Tampico, Mexico took place in Singapore, at the church of the Good Shepherd, on 9th November 1876, the Rev. A. L. Daguin officiating. [43] Whether HCJ was a relative of ALJ is not yet known.


Sources

  1. Roots. Johnston's and Clifford Pier. Retrieved from Roots (Here;) Accessed 14 Nov 2021.
  2. James Johnston in entry for Alexander Lawrie Johnston, 1783 in Isle of Man Births and Baptisms, 1607-1910. FamilySearch Online database. Retrieved from FamilySearch (Here;) Accessed 14 Nov 2021.
  3. Elisebat Lowrie in entry for James Jonstown, 1776. Scotland Marriages, 1561-1910 FamilySearch Online Database. Retrieved from FamilySearch (Here;) Accessed 16 Nov 2021.
  4. Alexander Johnston in Find My Past Records. May be retrieved (only with subscription) from Find My Past (Here;) Accessed 16 Nov 2021.
  5. Kirkyards, Stewartry Monumental Inscriptions, Gravestone Inscriptions from several Kirkcudbrightshire Churchyards, Rerrick Old Kirkyard,No.218., Retrieved from Kiryards (Here;) Accessed 16 Nov 2021.
  6. Freely obtained from: The Great Game by Victorian Vault (Publication date 2020). Retrieved from the Internet Archive (Here;) Accessed 18 Nov 2021.
  7. 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Untitled, The Straits Times, 22 August 1954, (p.14)., Retrieved from (Here;) Accessed 14 Nov 2021.
  8. TOTIDEM VERBIS. The Straits Times, 12 June 1932, (p. 8). Retrieved from NewspaperSG (Here;) Accessed 16 Nov 2021.
  9. The Asiatic Journal and Monthly Miscellany: (Vol. 13, p.197). Jan 1822., Wm. H. Allen & Company Retrieved from Google e-books (Here;) Accessed 16 Nov 2021.
  10. From the Free Internet Repository: Wikipedia, "Singapore," Retrieved from Wikipedia (Here;) Accessed 16 Nov 2021.
  11. 11.0 11.1 11.2 Cornelius-Takahama, Vernon, (July 2019)., Alexander Laurie Johnston, Retrieved from Singapore Infopedia (Here;) Accessed 16 Nov 2021.
  12. The Quarterly Oriental Magazine, Review, and Register,(1827), (Part 76, Vol. 7, pp.clxxxix, 233). Calcutta: Thacker and Company. Retrieved from (Here;) Accessed 17 Nov 2021.
  13. Maruzen Kabushiki Kaisha, (1836) The Chinese Repository, (Vol. 4. p.527). Retrieved from Google e-books (Here;) Accessed 19 Nov 2021.
  14. Bastin, John, (2019) Sir Stamford Raffles And Some Of His Friends And Contemporaries: A Memoir Of The Founder Of Singapore., (p.338)</div></div> World Scientific: Singapore. Retrieved from (Here;) Accessed 16 Nov 2021.
  15. Quarterly Report. Guangzhou Ophthalmic Hospital. (1838)., Retrieved from Google e-books (Here;) Accessed 19 Nov 2021.
  16. Monument to Sir T. S. Raffles., Singapore Chronicle and Commercial Register, 1 February 1827, (p.1), Retrieved from NewspaperSG (Here;) Accessed 16 Nov 2021.
  17. Kyshe, J.W. Norton. “A Judicial History of the Straits Settlements 1786-1890.” (1969). Malaya Law Review 11, (no. 1, pp.38–180). Retrieved from Jstor (Here;) Accessed 18 Nov 2021.
  18. Freely available from the Internet Archive: Braddell, Roland St. John; Brooke, Gilbert Edward, (1873). Makepeace, Walter. One hundred years of Singapore : being some account of the capital of the Straits Settlements from its foundation by Sir Stamford Raffles on the 6th February 1819 to the 6th February 1919 Retrieved from (Here;) Accessed 22 Nov 2021.
  19. 19.0 19.1 Johnston, Alexander Laurie, in Turnbull, C. M. “The European Mercantile Community in Singapore, 1819-1867.” Journal of Southeast Asian History 10, no. 1 (1969): (pp.12–35). Retrieved from Jstor ( Here;) Accessed 14 Nov 2021.
  20. An Old Singaporean on Town Residence. The Straits Times, 13 October 1896, (p.3)., Retrieved from The Straits Times (Here;) Accessed 14 Nov 2021.
  21. Campbell, Donald Maclaine (1915), Java: past and present: a description of the most beautiful country in the world, its ancient history, people, antiquities, and products (p.625)., London: W. Heinemann, Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Library. Retrieved from Cornell University Library Digital Collection (Here;) Accessed 22 Nov 2021.
  22. HistorySG., (2014), A Pioneer British Agency House A. L. Johnston is Formed (1820)., Retrieved from HistorySG (Here) Accessed 16 Nov 2021.
  23. NewspaperSG. "The following is extracted from Mr. Multi's Overland directions in 1837." The Straits Times, 15 August 1846, (p.3). Retrieved from (Here;) Accessed 16 Nov 2021.
  24. NewspapersSG. Singapore, Saturday Evening, Oct. Ist. 1836. Singapore Chronicle and Commercial Register, 1 October 1836, (p. 2). Retrieved from NewspapersSG (Here;) Accessed 14 Nov 2021.
  25. Newbold, Thomas John, (1839). Political and Statistical Account of the British Settlements in the Straits of Malacca: Viz. Pinang, Malacca, and Singapore, with a History of the Malayan States on the Peninsula of Malacca, (Vol. 1, pp.391, 395) Federated Malay States: J. Murray. Retrieved from Google e-books (Here;) Accessed 18 Nov 2021.
  26. Buckley, Charles Burton., (1902), An anecdotal history of old times in Singapore, (p.499). Singapore: Printed by Fraser & Neave, Ltd. Retrieved from the Internet Archive (Here;) Accessed 22 Nov 2021.
  27. The Asiatic journal and monthly miscellany. (Series 2, Vol.37). (1842). Home Intelligence (1842). (p.259)., Retrieved from Hathi Trust (Here;) Accessed 16 Nov 2021.
  28. The Asiatic Journal and Monthly Register for British and Foreign India, China, and Australia, (p.77)., Parbury, Allen, and Company, 1842. Retrieved from Google e-books (Here;) Accessed 16 Nov 2021.
  29. From the Free Internet Repository: Wikimedia Commons contributors, "File:Francis W. Ovenden - Falmouth Harbour Cornwall.jpg," Retrieved from Wikimedia Commons (Here;) Accessed 18 Nov 2021
  30. Kirkcudbright. Named Places in Rerrick Parish. Retrieved from Kirkcudbright (Here;) Accessed 18 Nov 2021.
  31. Craichlaw. Hamilton. Retrieved from Kirkcowan Online letter and Information (Here;) Accessed 18 Nov 2021.
  32. M'Kerlie, F.S.A. Scot. F.R.G.S.&c., P. Handyside., (1879), History of the Lands and their Owners in Galloway. (Vol.5, p. 133). Edinburgh: Turnbull and Spears., Retrieved from the Internet Archive (Here;) Accessed 18 Nov 2021.
  33. 33.0 33.1 Rerrick, Kirkcudbrightshire. The New Statistical Account of Scotland: Dumfries, Kirkcudbright, Wigton (p.365). Retrieved from Google e-books (Here;) Accessed 18 Nov 2021.
  34. National Library of Scotland, Kirkcudbrightshire, Sheet 55, Survey date: 1849-50, Publication date: 1854, Retrieved from National Library of Scotland (Here;) Accessed 20 Nov 2021.
  35. Cockburn, Henry Cockburn, Lord, (1779-1854) Circuit journeys (1844) Published in 1889., Edinburgh: D. Douglas. Retrieved from the Internet Archive (Here;) Accessed 18 Nov 2021.
  36. National Library of Scotland, Kirkcudbrightshire, Sheet 51, Survey date: 1849, Publication date: 1854, Retrieved from National Library of Scotland (Here;) Accessed 16 Nov 2021.
  37. Robert Wells' Web Pages. 1850: The Galloway Advertiser and Wigtownshire Free Press. Birth, Marriage and Death Records, Transcribed by Diana Henry and Robert Wells. Retrieved from (Here;) Accessed 18 Nov 2021.
  38. From the Free Internet Repository: Wikipedia, "Johnston's Pier," Retrieved from Wikipedia (Here;) Accessed Nov 16 2021.
  39. 39.0 39.1 Buckley, Charles Burton., An anecdotal history of old times in Singapore ..Singapore: Printed by Fraser & Neave, Ltd. Retrieved from (Here;) Accessed 16 Nov 2021.
  40. Old Residents Depart. The Straits Times, 18 April 1923, (p. 9)., Retrieved from The Straits Times (Here;) Accessed 14 Nov 2021.
  41. Genealogy, Home > Forum > Surnames > Johnston, Re: Alexander Laurie Johnston ca. 1780-1850., Prominent Businessman in Singapore. Retrieved from (Here;) Accessed 16 Nov 2021.
  42. Genealogy, Home > Forum > Surnames > Johnston, Re: Alexander Laurie Johnston ca. 1780-1850., Prominent Businessman in Singapore. Retrieved from (Here;) Accessed 19 Nov 2021.
  43. Domestic Occurrence. Marriage. Straits Observer (Singapore), 15 November 1876, (p.2)., Retrieved from NewspaperSG (Here;) Accessed 16 Nov 2021.
  • Further Reference
  • Old Scottish Genealogy and Family History. Retrieved from Old Scottish (Here;) Accessed 30 Apr 2022.
  • Subscription libraries
  • ALJ was NOT a member of: Edinburgh Subscription Library 1794-1846: Retrieved from Google Books (Here;) Accessed 30 Apr 2022.
  • ALJ also Not listed here: Directory of Noblemen and Gentlemen's Seats, Villages, etc in Scotland. Retrieved from the Internet Archive (here;) Accessed 30 Apr 2022.
  • Falmouth. Falmouth Packet Ships: Retrieved from Falmouth UK (Here;) Accessed 30 Apr 2022.
  • Parliamentary Papers. Vol. 53. (1843). Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. H.M. Stationery Office. Railway to Dartmouth: (Here;) Accessed 30 Apr 2022.
  • History SG. Pioneer British Agency House A. L. Johnston is Formed. 1820. Retrieved from History SG (Here;) Accessed 30 Apr 2022.
  • Braddell, Roland St. John; Brooke, Gilbert Edward, Makepeace, Walter. 'One hundred years of Singapore: being some account of the capital of the Straits Settlements from its foundation by Sir Stamford Raffles on the 6th February 1819 to the 6th February 1919'. (1921). London: Murray. Retrieved from the Internet Archive (Here;) Accessed 30 Apr 2022.
  • Newspaper SG. Local. The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser, 8 March 1850, p.5. Retrieved from Newspaper SG (Here;) Accessed 1 May 2022.
  • Newspaper SG. Local. The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser, Mainly About Malayans. The Straits Times, 26 March 1939, p. 9 (Here;) Accessed 1 May 2022.
  • The traders: a story of Britain's South-East Asian commercial adventure / Cunyngham-Brown, Sjovald.,Retrieved from (Here;) Accessed 1 May 2022.
  • Newspaper SG. Local. The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser. Johnson Lived and Worked in Godown. The Straits Times, 29 April 1956, p.12. Retrieved from Newspaper SG (Here;) Accessed 1 May 2022.
  • An Impartial History of the War, from the Commencement of the Revolution in France: Containing an Accurate Description of the Sea Engagements, Sieges, Battles, Expeditions and Conquests, of the Various Contending Powers. Including an Account of the General Mutiny Among the Seamen, at Spithead and the Nore. Together with a Particular Narrative of the Rise, Progress, and Various Events Accompanying the Rebellion in Ireland. Jan 1811.Russel & Allen, Deansgate. Retrieved from Google e-Books (Here;) Accessed 1 May 2022.
  • Roots. Logbook for the East India Company’s Ship Charles Grant. A Singapore Government Agency Website. Retrieved from Roots (here;) Accessed 1 May 2022.
  • Buckley, Charles Burton., (1902 )., 'An anecdotal history of old times in Singapore'. Pub: Singapore: Printed by Fraser & Neave Ltd. Retrieved from the Internet Archive (here;) Accessed 1 May 2022.
  • History & Memories of Clifford Pier Singapore. Retrieved from Johorkaki blogspot (Here;) Accessed 1 May 2022.
  • History & Memories of Clifford Pier Singapore. Retrieved from Mydoramac (here;) Accessed 1 May 2022.
  • The Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia, Volumes 7-8. Kraus Reprint,1853, East Asia. (Here;) Accessed 1 May 2022.
  • The Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia. (1853). Vol. 7-8. Kraus Reprint. East Asia. Retrieved from Google e-Books (Here;) Accessed 1 May 2022.
  • Rerwick, (Rerrick) Kirkcudbright
  • FamilySearch. Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland Genealogy. Retrieved from FamilySearch (Here;) Accessed 1 May 2022.
  • Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, Vol. 1. Blackwood, William., (1817). England. Retrieved from Google e-Books (Here;) Accessed 1 May 2022.
  • Genuki. UK and Ireland Genealogy. Kirkcudbrightshire. Retrieved from Genuki (Here;) Accessed 1 May 2022.
  • Glimpses Of The Parish Of Kirkcudbright From Early Contemporary Sources. Retrieved from Kirkcudbright (Here;) Accessed 1 May 2022.
  • Stewartry Monumental Inscriptions. Gravestone Inscriptions from several Kirkcudbrightshire Churchyards. Old Rerrick. Retrieved from Kirkyards (Here;) Accessed 1 May 2022.
  • We Relate. Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland. Stewartry of Kirkcudbright Monumental Inscriptions, pre -1855. Retrieved from We Relate (Here;) Accessed 1 May 2022.
  • Hamilton of Craichlaw, Kirkcowan: Kirkcowan – What's Going On? Online Newsletter & Information (Here;) Accessed 1 May 2022.
  • The Late Dr John Shand - Physician in Kirkcudbright after 1844. Retrieved from (Here;) Accessed 1 May 2022.
  • 19.11.2021. E-mailed Dumfries and Galloway Archives: Farmer's Blue Hill Year Book: Retrieved from the National Archives (No mention of ALJ here;).
  • Scottish Places Info. Kirkcudbright. Retrieved from Scottish Places (Here;) Accessed 1 May 2022.
  • The Railway Record. Vol. 5. 1848. Retrieved from Google e-Books (Here;) Accessed 1 May 2022.


  • The British Medical Directory for England, Scotland, and Wales, 1854. Retrieved from Google e-Books (Here;) Accessed 1 May 2022.
  • The Statistical Accounts of Scotland 1791-1845, County of Kirkcudbright, NSA, Vol. IV, 1845. Retrieved from Statistical Accounts of Scotland (Here;) Accessed 1 May 2022.
  • Dumfries and Galloway Council Archives Catalogue. Retrieved from Dumfries and Galloway Council. Retrieved from (Here;) Accessed 1 May 2022.
  • Jamaican Family Search Genealogy Research Library. Descendants of Thomas Gordon. Retrieved from Jamaican Family Search (Here;) Accessed 1 May 2022.
  • M'Lachlan Harper, Malcolm., (1876). Rambles in Galloway: Topographical, Historical, Traditional, and Biographical. Galloway (Scotland): Edmonston & Douglas. Retrieved from Google e-Books (Here;) Accessed 1 May 2022.
  • The Oriental Herald and Journal of General Literature, Volume 14. Retrieved from Google e-Books (Here;) Accessed 1 May 2022.
  • Asiatic Monthly Miscellany, (1816). London: Wm. H. Allen & Co. Retrieved from Google e-Books (here;) Accessed 1 May 2022.

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Photos of Alexander: 9

Alexander Laurie Johnston
(1/9) Alexander Laurie Johnston Alexander Laurie Johnston (1783-1850). 1837 [uncertain]
Johnston's Pier
(2/9) Johnston's Pier Alexander Laurie Johnston (1783-1850). Singapore 1890 [uncertain]
Singapore
(3/9) Singapore Alexander Laurie Johnston (1783-1850). Singapore 1825
Excerpt from The Asiatic Journal
(4/9) Excerpt from The Asiatic Journal Alexander Laurie Johnston (1783-1850). 1822
 Opium Ships at Lintin
(5/9) Opium Ships at Lintin Alexander Laurie Johnston (1783-1850). 1824 [uncertain]

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