Carol Kirk
Honor Code SignatorySigned 12 Sep 2020 | 26 contributions | 1 thank-yous | 410 connections
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A Kirk from Southern California here. My family migrated from Ohio in the 20's. Before that Western PA. I'm stuck on Joel Edmund Kirk who lived in PA, where he raised his family, including Joel Freeman Kirk, who fought in Civil War and ended his enlistment in the PA Volunteers just a month before the Battle of Gettysburg. Happy to connect if you like.
Regards, Ron
My grandfather immigrated to Newfoundland, Canada in 1921. He then eventually married a Canadian and moved to Pittsburgh area. He had a brother, John, that came to Pittsburgh area a few years previous to that. He settled in Cheswick, PA and raised his family there.
Blessings, Ron
Bill Kirk FROM KIRKHAUGH TO KIRK William L. Kirk, Jr., Ph.D. 29/8/92 My family name was originally Kirkhaugh, pronounced as something between "Kirkhok" and "Kirkhoke." The first occurrence in the records of a family with that surname was in 1258 (Conquest 1066). This family lived in the ¦¦Kirkhaugh¦à¦ and ¦¦Barhaugh¦à¦ regions of Northumberland in what is now northern England. Surnames were not common yet, and when they were used they usually took the Norman form. The names were chosen according to various rules, but, in my case, the surname was taken from one of the regions in which the family lived. The first person recorded was named John de Kirkhaugh. The first records of the family describe the conclusion of a long-standing dispute between William de Kirkhaugh, son of John, and Nicholas de Veteriponte, over some land in the manor (feudal term meaning, estate) of Kirkhaugh. The Kirkhaugh family had occupied lands in ¦¦Kirkhaugh¦à¦, Berehalgh (now called ¦¦Barhaugh¦à¦), and Rawe (now called ¦¦Row¦à¦) for many generations, and were probably of Norman ancestry. "Bere" is the Saxon name for barley, and that is what the families grew. The Barhaugh and Rawe farmlands belonging to the Kirkhaughs covered about 5,000 acres. The word "haugh," also spelled "halgh," "haugh" and "haulch" refers to the lowlands at the bend of a river. The Kirkhaugh property was included with Alston and Elrington in a grant of these manors by William the Lion to William de Veteriponte (first spelled Vieuxpont and lastly Vipont). This grant was later confirmed by King John in 1209.The Vieuxpont (which means "old bridge") was an old and powerful Norman family whose members had been the advisers and confidants to the Norman kings, beginning with the first one, William, called "Conqueror". A descendent of William de Veteriponte, Ivo de Veteriponte, granted to his grandson, Nicholas, a sizable amount of land in Northumberland. Unfortunately the area included some excellent forest and pasture land that had always been considered to be owned by the family of which William de Kirkhaugh was the elder. According to the older Anglo-Saxon law, if a family occupied land for several generations they owned it, unless told otherwise by a local ruler. But under the new feudal laws imposed by the Norman conquerors, all lands belonged to the king, to be granted to vassals who paid homage to him, to be held by the vassals for him. Along with the homage, the king also required the vassal to be responsible for certain matters of authority and government, to help the king keep order. In addition, the king demanded that certain services be performed for him. Often the services involved appearing at the king's court to do his bidding, but the most important of these services was the duty of arriving on horseback with followers in time of war.In feudal terms, a vassal was granted a fief upon rendering homage to a lord. The grant was not necessarily inheritable, and thus was held only for the lifetime of the grantee, but if the king agreed, the grant could be perpetual. The vassal, if he chose, could in turn grant part of his fief to a subtenant on similar terms. Ivo de Veteriponte inherited a land grant, and then transferred it to Nicholas, his grandson. The process excluded William de Kirkhaugh altogether. The Normans and their feudalism often conflicted with the older Anglo-Saxon rules and laws. Nevertheless, the Norman laws were supreme, so William de Kirkhaugh found he must recognize the claim against his lands in Kirkhaugh, although ownership of his other lands was not contested. A compromise was reached in terms of a "fine," the feudal term for "final settlement," made at Nunwick in 1258. William de Kirkhaugh recognized that Kirkhaugh, as described in the fine, was the proper right and inheritance of Nicholas de Vipont on the condition that Nicholas grant the manor of Kirkhaugh, with pertinents, to William for an annual payment of one mark. William then released to Nicholas all the place called Gilderdale Tounge and chase (hunting area) in the manor of Aldeston, while retaining some privileges of access for himself. However, William was seen, in feudal terms, as an inferior to Nicholas, and would have been obligated under that condition to serve Nicholas in certain respects. Since William did not want to do that, he granted Nicholas the advowson of the church of Kirkhaugh, as an appurtenance to his manor of Aldeston, to release all suit (feudal duties) at Nicholas' court.Simply stated, William de Kirkhaugh thought he held more property than he actually did, but was able to retain its use at a minimum of cost to himself.William gave some of his lands to his daughter, Anabilla, upon her marriage, and in 1269, he granted more to his son Hugh. By 1300 the lands were no longer held by persons named Kirkhaugh.From this time until their appearance in the Nithsdale region of Scotland, I have found only scattered references to the Kirkhaughs. Henry and his son Alan were witnesses to the 1269 grant. Richard, the son of John, who was the son of Alan, was in the train of Adam de Tindale at the siege of Berwick-upon-Tweed about 1300. Useful references can be found in, Moore (3), Hodgson (2), and Black (1) although Black made an error by locating Kirkhaugh in Cumberland. Prior to 1600, the family name was spelled, Kirkhaugh, Kirkhaucht, Kirkalch, Kirkhalche, Kirkhaulch, Kirkhauch, Kyrkhauch, and Kyrkhalch; all of which would have sounded alike when spoken. The variation in spelling is easy to understand when one realizes that most people in the middle ages could not read or write. Even today, when we give our name to someone, we often must spell it for the listener, even if the name is very simple, like Kirk. I receive mail addressed to Kurk, Kurt, Kick, Curt, and so forth. If a person cannot spell their name, someone recording the name must do so phonetically, hence the variation.I cannot trace my Kirk family from a particular Kirkhaugh family,. although I am still trying. I must be content with referencing those Kirkhaughs I have found without being able to make a direct connection. ¦üAü¦¦¦ ¦üAü¦¦¦The Kirkhaughs were in the Dumfries area as early as 1394.
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