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During the Civil War, he served as a Sergeant in Company C of the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, the first regiment in the United States to enlist men of color during the Civil War. Enlisted on 20 February 1863 from New Bedford, Massachusetts. He was about 21 years old, single and working as a hostler when he enlisted. Mustered out 20 August 1865 with his regiment.[3]
The highest rank attainable to soldiers of color at this time was Sergeant Major. The promotion path was: Private -> Corporal -> Sergeant -> First Sergeant -> Quartermaster Sergeant -> Sergeant Major.
After fifteen months without pay, the 54th soldiers were finally granted the right to equal pay by the US Congress in June 1864. In October 1864, Colonel Edward "Ned" Needles Hallowell requested and was granted a 30 day furlough for Sergeant Lee. "These men have been without Pay for more than 15 months & now they are paid, their presence is needed at home to provide for their families for the coming winter."[4]
He was absent with leave 1-2 April 1863.[5]
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Year: 1880; Census Place: Hyde Park, Norfolk, Massachusetts; Roll: 548; Page: 598B; Enumeration District: 517