Born 5 Mar 1871 in Zamość, Polska

Died 15 Jan 1919 in Berlin, Niemcy

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Biography

Rosa Luxemburg was born on 5 March 1871 in Zamość in Russia-controlled Poland, the fifth child of Line Löwenstein and Eliasz Luxemburg.^[1]

She joined the Polish left-wing Proletariat Party in 1886 and began political activities including organising a general strike.^[1]

She married Gustav Lubeck in April 1897.^[1] Gustav was the son of an old friend, their marriage was purely for Rosa to gain German citizenship. The couple never lived together and divorced formally after five years.^[1] Rosa moved to Berlin in Germany in 1898.^[1]

In Germany, Rosa continued her political activism, founding the Die Internationale group (which became the Spartacus League) and writing dozens of texts.^[1] Those texts included:^[2]

• The Industrial Development of Poland (1898)
• Reform or Revolution (1900)
• The Mass Strike (1906)
• The Accumulation of Capital (1913)

Rosa opposed the First World War, which she saw as neither serving the needs of national defence in Germany, nor any of the economic or political interests of the masses, and rather soley serving imperialist rivalries between the capitalist classes.^[3] She was condemned to a year of prison for criticising Germany's military regime.^[4]

On 15 January 1919 in Berlin,^[5] Rosa was assassinated, along with her fellow Communist Party of Germany leader Karl Liebknecht.^[6][7]

According to the Brisbane newspaper Daily Standard, an account of her death in the "Workers' Dreadnight" stated that the assassinated pair were under arrest and being kept at the Eden Hotel. They were being transferred to the Moabit lock-up, accompanied by First-Lieutenant Kurt Vogel, Otto Wilhelm Runge and several other German officers. The officers turned on Rosa and Karl, rushing Rosa with the butt-end of their rifles, and striking her violently on her head. Her body was by then bathed in blood, and the officers dumped it in the pond at the Tiergarten, Berlin's most popular inner city park.^[8]

Sources

1. ↑ ^{1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5} Wikipedia contributors. (29 November 2018). "Rosa Luxemburg." In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 8 December 2018, by Clare Spring from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rosa_Luxemburg&oldid=871224773.
2. ↑ "Rosa Luxemburg Internet Archive: Biography." Marxists.org. Retrieved 9 December 2018 by Clare Spring from https://www.marxists.org/archive/luxemburg/index.htm.
3. ↑ Rosa Luxemburg (April 1916). Either Or. Retrieved 9 December 2018 by Clare Spring.
4. ↑ "Rosa Luxemburg." 13 May 1915. People (Sydney), p. 3. Retrieved 9 December 2018 by Clare Spring from https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/128621195.
5. ↑ "Dr Rosalia "Rosa" Luxemburg." Find A Grave. Retrieved 9 December 2018 by Clare Spring from https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/8113053.
6. ↑ "'If You Do Not Follow the Order You Will Be Shot': New facts about the murder of Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg." Revolutionarydemocracy.org. Retrieved 9 December 2018 by Clare Spring from http://www.revolutionarydemocracy.org/rdv5n1/luxembrg.htm.
7. ↑ "Rosa Luxemburg: Murderer's confession." 4 December 1919. The Daily Mail (Brisbane), p. 7. Retrieved 9 December 2018 by Clare Spring from https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/213125938.
8. ↑ "How Rosa Luxemburg died." 2 April 1921. Daily Standard (Brisbane), p. 3. Retrieved 9 December 2018 by Clare Spring from https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/184927102.

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