Thoroughgood Marshall (1908 - 1993)

Born 2 Jul 1908 in Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, United States

Ancestors

Husband of Vivian Buster (Burey) Marshall — married 4 Sep 1929 (to 11 Feb 1955) in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States

Died 24 Jan 1993 at age 84 in Bethesda, Montgomery, Maryland, United States

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Biography

Thurgood Marshall was awarded the Spingarn Medal for outstanding achievement by an African American.

Thurgood Marshall is Notable.

Thurgood Marshall was a Freemason and a member of Prince Hall Grand Lodge of.

Thurgood Marshall was instrumental in ending legal segregation and was an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court, serving from October 1967 until October 1991. Marshall was the Court's 96th justice and its first African American justice.^[1][2][3]

Family

Thurgood Marshall was born in Baltimore, Maryland, on July 2, 1908.^[4][5] He was the great-grandson of a slave who was born in the modern-day Democratic Republic of the Congo; his grandfather was also a slave. His original name was Thoroughgood, but he shortened it to Thurgood in second grade because he disliked spelling it. His father, William C. Marshall, was a railroad porter, and his mother Norma A., a teacher.^[5] William Marshall instilled in his son from youth, an appreciation for the United States Constitution and the rule of law.^{[3][6][7][8][9][10]}

Thurgood married Vivien "Buster" Burey in 1929.^[8][11][12] After her death in February 1955, Thurgood married Cecilia Suyat in December of that year.^[13][14] They were married until he died in 1993 and had two sons together.^[1][2][3]

Education

After completing high school in 1925, Thurgood followed his brother, William Aubrey Marshall, at the historically black Lincoln University in Chester County, Pennsylvania.^[3] While in school, he worked as a delivery boy for a women's clothing store and later waited tables.^[10] He was a bit of a wild card, but excelled in debate and graduated with honors in 1930.^[10]

In 1930, Thurgood applied to the University of Maryland Law School, but was denied admission because he was black.^[10] This was an event that was to haunt him and direct his future professional life. Thurgood sought admission and was accepted at the Howard University Law School that same year and came under the immediate influence of the dynamic new dean, Charles Hamilton Houston, who instilled in all of his students the desire to apply the tenets of the Constitution to all Americans.^[3][10] His mother had pawned her wedding and engagement rings to help pay his entrance fees to the college, which Thurgood attended while living at home in order to save money on housing costs.^[10] Thurgood graduated from Howard in 1933, first in his class.^[10]

Appointments

Following graduation, Thurgood opened a law office in Baltimore, working civil rights cases, and soon found himself in debt.^[10]

Thurgood went to New York, where he was Chief Counsel for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), recruited by his mentor, Houston.^[10] During this period, Mr. Marshall was asked by the United Nations and the United Kingdom to help draft the constitutions of the emerging African nations of Ghana and what is now Tanzania. It was felt that the person who so successfully fought for the rights of America's oppressed minority would be the perfect person to ensure the rights of the white citizens in these two former European colonies. After amassing an impressive record of Supreme Court challenges to state-sponsored discrimination, including the landmark Brown v. Board decision in 1954, President John F. Kennedy appointed Thurgood Marshall to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.^[10][15] In this capacity, he wrote over 150 decisions including support for the rights of immigrants, limiting government intrusion in cases involving illegal search and seizure, double jeopardy, and right to privacy issues.^[3][15]

In 1965 President Lyndon Johnson appointed Judge Marshall to the office of U.S. Solicitor General. Before his subsequent nomination to the United States Supreme Court in 1967, Thurgood won 14 of the 19 cases he argued before the Supreme Court on behalf of the government. Indeed, he represented and won more cases before the United States Supreme Court than any other American. As an Associate Supreme Court Justice, Thurgood left a legacy that expanded his early sensitivity to include all of America's voiceless.^[3] Thurgood retired from his position on the court, despite never having planned on doing so, in 1991, due to his health.^[10]

Legacy

Justice Thurgood Marshall died on January 24, 1993 in Bethesda, Maryland from heart failure.^{[3][4][5][16][15][10]} The nine justices of the court and 3 retired justices served as honorary pallbearers at his funeral, which was attended by President Bill Clinton and Vice President Al Gore.^[16] The choir from Thurgood's alma mater, Howard University, sang hymns.^[15]

He was buried in Arlington National Cemetery.^[16][15]

The University of Maryland named its law library for Thurgood. Outside the federal courthouse in Baltimore, a bronze statue of Thurgood stands.^[10]

Sources

1. ↑ ^{1.0 1.1} Wikipedia contributors. "Thurgood Marshall." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 25 Sep. 2019. Web. 26 Sep. 2019.Thurgood Marshall
2. ↑ ^{2.0 2.1} Biography.com Editors, "Thurgood Marshall" Biography.com, accessed 26 Sep 2019
3. ↑ ^{3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7} Thurgood Marshall, Supreme Court Justice
4. ↑ ^{4.0 4.1} Ancestry.com. U.S., Social Security Death Index, 1935-2014 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2014. Number: 131-07-4264; Issue State: New York; Issue Date: Before 1951 Ancestry Record 3693 #39155910
5. ↑ ^{5.0 5.1 5.2} Ancestry.com. U.S., Social Security Applications and Claims Index, 1936-2007 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2015. Ancestry Record 60901 #39117062
6. ↑ "United States Census, 1920," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M6Q9-J14 : accessed 26 September 2019), Thoroughgood Marshall in household of William Marshall, Baltimore Ward 14, Baltimore (Independent City), Maryland, United States; citing ED 240, sheet 41A, line 41, family 91, NARA microfilm publication T625 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1992), roll 663; FHL microfilm 1,820,663.
7. ↑ "United States Census, 1920," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M63K-V5G : accessed 26 September 2019), Thergood Marshall in household of William C Marshall, Baltimore Ward 13, Baltimore (Independent City), Maryland, United States; citing ED 206, sheet 10B, line 95, family 225, NARA microfilm publication T625 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1992), roll 659; FHL microfilm 1,820,659.
8. ↑ ^{8.0 8.1} "United States Census, 1930," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:X3WL-5PF : accessed 26 September 2019), Thorogood Marshall in household of William C Marshall, Baltimore (Districts 1-250), Baltimore (Independent City), Maryland, United States; citing enumeration district (ED) ED 216, sheet 21A, line 12, family 29, NARA microfilm publication T626 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 2002), roll 858; FHL microfilm 2,340,593.
9. ↑ Ancestry.com. 1910 United States Federal Census [database on-line]. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2006. Year: 1910; Census Place: Manhattan Ward 12, New York, New York; Roll: T624_1022; Page: 13A; Enumeration District: 0537; FHL microfilm: 1375035 Ancestry Record 7884 #100792130
10. ↑ ^{10.00 10.01 10.02 10.03 10.04 10.05 10.06 10.07 10.08 10.09 10.10 10.11 10.12} Greenhouse, Linda, Thurgood Marshall, Civil Rights Hero, Dies at 84, The New York Times, 25 Jan 1993. Accessed 26 Sep 2019 nytimes.com
11. ↑ Ancestry.com. Pennsylvania, Marriages, 1852-1968 [database on-line]. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2016. Ancestry Record 61381 #780169
12. ↑ Ancestry.com. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Marriage Index, 1885-1951 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2011. Ancestry Record 2536 #950126
13. ↑ Ancestry.com. New York, New York, Marriage License Indexes, 1907-2018 [database on-line]. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2017.New York City Municipal Archives; New York, New York; Borough: Manhattan Ancestry Record 61406 #3723420
14. ↑ Ancestry.com. 1940 United States Federal Census [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2012. Year: 1940; Census Place: New York, New York, New York; Roll: m-t0627-02667; Page: 2A; Enumeration District: 31-1803 Ancestry Record 2442 #12804072
15. ↑ ^{15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4} Obituary, Detroit News, Detroit, Michigan, 29 Jan 1993, pg 6. Accessed via GenealogyBank.com 26 Sep 2019
16. ↑ ^{16.0 16.1 16.2} Find A Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com : accessed 26 September 2019), memorial page for Thurgood Marshall (2 Jul 1908–24 Jan 1993), Find A Grave: Memorial #1675, citing Arlington National Cemetery, Arlington, Arlington County, Virginia, USA ; Maintained by Find A Grave .

See also:

• Wikidata: Item Q312348, en:Wikipedia
• https://www.chicofreemasons.org/lodge-news/2019/2/21/black-history-month-celebrating-famous-black-freemasons
• "New York, New York Passenger and Crew Lists, 1909, 1925-1957," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:24GR-7YG : 15 March 2018), Thorgood Marshall, 1946; citing Immigration, New York City, New York, United States, NARA microfilm publication T715 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.).
• Ancestry.com. U.S., Jewish Welfare Board, War Correspondence, 1917-1954 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2012. Ancestry Record 1865 #1305779
• Ancestry.com. Associated Press, Name Card Index to AP Stories, 1905-1990 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2013. Ancestry Record 50018 #99062
• Ancestry.com. Associated Press, Name Card Index to AP Stories, 1905-1990 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2013. Ancestry Record 50018 #99131
• Ancestry.com. Associated Press, Name Card Index to AP Stories, 1905-1990 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2013. Ancestry Record 50018 #99105
• Ancestry.com. Associated Press, Name Card Index to AP Stories, 1905-1990 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2013. Ancestry Record 50018 #98987
• Ancestry.com. Seattle and Tacoma, Washington, Passenger and Crew Lists of Airplane Departures, 1947-1957 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com, 2011. Ancestry Record 2250 #200388
• Ancestry.com. New York, Passenger and Crew Lists (including Castle Garden and Ellis Island), 1820-1957 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010. Year: 1946; Arrival: LaGuardia Airport, New York, New York; Microfilm Serial: T715, 1897-1957; Microfilm Roll: Roll 7200; Line: 24; Page Number: 3 Ancestry Record 7488 #3021746553
• Ancestry.com. Puerto Rico, Passenger and Crew Lists, 1901-1962 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operation, Inc., 2012. The National Archives at Washington, D.C.; Washington D.C.; Series Title: Passenger and Crew Manifests of Airplanes Arriving at San Juan, Puerto Rico, 01/01/1942 - 06/30/1948; NAI Number: 2945867; Record Group Title: Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1787-2004; Record Group Number: 85 Ancestry Record 2257 #1280593