William Mobbs (1764 - 1839)

Born 24 Jan 1764 in St George Hanover Square, London, Middlesex, England

Ancestors

Husband of Ann (Grover) Smith — married 29 Nov 1790 in New Brentford, Middlesex, England

Descendants

Died 25 Sep 1839 at age 75 in Pennant Hills, New South Wales, Australia

Problems/Questions Profile managers: Gaye Bartholomew [send private message], Dom Swinkels [send private message], Karen Favell [send private message], and Michelle Gilliver [send private message]

Biography

William Mobbs was a convict after the Third Fleet.

The story of William Mobbs begins in England with his birth in 1763. Some family researchers believe him to be the son of Joseph Mobbs, a confectioner from Tooley Street in Central London until his death in 1794. Tooley Street is situated on the south bank of the River Thames next to the London Bridge.

Little is known of Williams life until the 29th November 1790, when he married a lady two years his senior, named Ann Grover at New Brentford which is in the western district of Greater London^[1].

Around this time William Mobbs was employed as a servant to Mr Hale, a gardener at Twickenham. Twickenham is situated south of New Brentford and it is assumed that William and Anne's children were born in this area. They were William Junior born 7th April 1791, Isaac in 1793, Ann in 1794 and George in 1795.

In the centre of London, at Long Alley, Moorefields, William Mobbs' sister Mary Mobbs was living with her husband William Bateman. William Bateman's occupation was that of a cutler, or a person who made knives and swords. He was also later described as being employed as a Grinder.

Early in 1796, both William Mobbs and his brother-in-law William Bateman were sentenced in the Old Bailey for the crime of stealing, with both men being transported to Australia as their punishment. It was their dealings in the December of 1795 that changed their and their families lives forever.

William died in 25 September 1839 at Pennant Hills, Greater Sydney, New South Wales, Australia^[2]and was buried on the 28th September 1839 at St Johns, Parramatta, New South Wales, Australia.

The Circumstances, the Trial and the Outcome

During the Autumn of 1795 William Mobbs had a labouring job digging gravel on the Hanworth Road at Twickenham.

William was no longer employed by Mr Hale, but by a man called Edmund Hill who owned the Hounslow Powder Mills at what is now known as Crane Park. These mills were responsible for manufacturing gun powder, an important industry along the Crane River at Twickenham, and were established around 1768.

Whilst working at the Gravel pit in the middle of December 1795, William Mobbs approached a fellow worker and associate, James Medwin, and asked if he would assist him in moving some saltpetre for Mr Hill. On hearing that he would be paid for his trouble, James Medwin agreed.

James Medwin had been an apprentice baker to a Mr Euphrain Howard at Twickenham for about two years but left his employment with Mr Howard due to an unknown dispute. Mr Howard, who was present at the trial knew both William Mobbs and Medwin and stated that although he knew of no previous misdemeanors with regards to William Mobbs he did not in anyway believe James Medwin could be trusted and basically labelled him as dishonest in everyway.

According to Medwin, that evening or the evening after, when he and Mobbs had finished their work for the day, at the gravel pit, they walked the quarter of a mile to the Powder Mills of Mr Edmund Hill. The mills stood on approximately 100 acres of land, surrounded by trees and bushes. The reason for this being that explosions were frequent, and therefore the shrubbery and large expanse of land gave some protection to the surrounding neighbourhood.

Once at the mills, they went to the back of the coal house, where William Mobbs proceeded to climb through a hole where some boards had been removed. He then took out about 100 weight of saltpetre and passed it to Medwin who on Mobbs' instructions he then placed the cakes into a basket.

This portion of the trial is illegible in parts but the general gist of it seems to be that William Mobbs hid the cakes of saltpetre, possibly at his house. Medwin then called on a Mr William Birch of Twickenham and arranged for William Mobbs to borrow his horse and cart the following morning.

Mobbs picked up the horse and cart between five and six oclock the next day, paid Mr Birch and he and Medwin made their way into the city of London. It is assumed they then picked up Bateman as his name can been seen clearly in this section, and then rode to a shed possibly at Essex Passage or Wentworth Street, where the saltpetre was then stored. The shed at Essex Passage where other saltpetre had been stored was owned by a William Gabriel.

William Gabriel was a Cheesemonger and Chandler by trade and had a shop at Loves Lane (or Lovat Lane) at Billingsgate. This is situated just east of the London Bridge and is now predominantly a fish market. A Chandler was usually a person who supplied provisions to ships hence the reason Gabriels shop being situated alongside the River Thames.

The shed of William Gabriel as stated before was situated on Essex Passage which according the the trial was situated about a half a mile from William Batemans home at Moorfields. I have been unable to locate an Essex Passage on any maps consulted but I have found an Essex Street which is situated in the general vacinity.

At around the time that this saltpetre was being stored, William Bateman discussed with an associate of his, Charles Dickens, the possibility of Dickens being able to dispose of about five or six hundred weight of saltpetre.

Charles Dickens was a Grocer and Cheesemonger also with a shop on Loves Lane (Lovat Lane) and therefore knew William Gabriel as well. Dickens knew of Gabriels shed in Essex Street and stated in the trial that he had seen Mobbs and Bateman at the shed many times and had seen the Saltpetre here as well. He agreed to try and dispose of the saltpetre and went about obtaining a sample of it not from the shed at Essex Street but from a shop at Wellington Street near Whitechapel belonging to a Mr John Moore.

John Moore was a Tallow Chandler and Oilman who supplied candles to William Gabriel and had known both Gabriel and Bateman for several years. Charles Dickens collected the saltpetre sample (which was in pieces and not the whole cakes) and showed it to a man called Mr Macrae of Whitechapel. Mr Macrae informed Dickens that he would have an answer for him in a few days.

At some stage whilst all of this was happening, William Gabriel paid a visit to his friend John Moore and asked if he could borrow a copper for melting down saltpetre. Moore agreed to this and so Gabriel and Bateman began the job of melting the saltpetre at Moores residence.

Two days after Dickens had spoken with Mr Macrae, William Bateman paid Dickens a visit. Dickens explained his conversation with Mr Macrae about disposing of the saltpetre, when to the apparent surprise of Dickens, he was arrested. Dickens explained in the trial that at first he did not know why he was being arrested but on finding out later William Bateman apparently explained that the saltpetre belonged to William Gabriel and that he would get Gabriel to own it. Bateman then apparently went home.

By the time evening came, William Bateman had failed to bring Gabriel forward, and John Moore had had a visit from a Mr Fish who was an agent of Mr Edmund Hill. On finding saltpetre at Moores' house, Mr Fish urged John Moore to come with him to Bow Street and explain why this saltpetre, which Fish believed was that stolen from Mr Hill's Powder Mills and in turn stolen from the King was in his possession. The stolen saltpetre had been carbined specifically for the Sovereign and the Government, and therefore could not be mistaken for anything else.

Once at Bow Street, John Moore and Charles Dickens were allowed to leave and apprehend William Bateman for his part in the dealings. The two men found Bateman near his home and explained that he was going to be taken to Bow street. Bateman apparently said he would go quietly but at the last minute made a run for it. A chase pursued but Bateman was captured and taken to the house of Charles Dickens where he stayed until an officer from Bow Street arrived the next morning. Although the trial does not explain when William Mobbs was arrested one can assume that this took place at around the same time as William Bateman. As William Mobbs lived and worked at Twickenham it is possible that he had been arrested first which then led Mr Fish London to find the others who were involved.

Whilst in jail, William Mobbs wrote a letter, supposedly his confession but for reasons known only to William he retracted this letter, simply telling Mr Fish his circumstances had changed, but the letter was later shown in court.

The charges recorded against them were firstly that on the 20th December 1795, William Mobbs and William Bateman feloniously stole six hundren pounds weight of saltpetre, valued at 48 pounds, the property of the Sovereign Lord the King and secondly, laying them to be the property of Edmund Hill Esq.

After all the evidence had been seen and heard, Mr Justice Lawrence, William Bateman called nine witnesses to vouch for his good character but was found guilty and sentenced to transportation for fourteen years. William Mobbs called five witnesses to vouch for his good character but was also found guilty and sentenced to transportation for seven years.

The Journey to Australia and a New Life begins

On the 17th of February 1796, William Mobbs had stood trial at the Old Bailey, had been found guilty on a charge of stealing and was then sent to jail where he would stay, for the best part of seven months to contemplate an unknown future in a strange and distant colony known then as New Holland. His sentence was 7 years.

On the 30th August of that year, William Mobbs was moved by order,to the Hulks at Portsmouth. This disease-ridden, floating prison would be his home for a further fifteen months before finally boarding the 796 tonne ship 'Barwell' .

Leaving his wife and four children behind to fend for themselves in London, William and 295 other convicted men set sail from Portsmouth on the 7th November 1797, under its Master John Cameron.

The journey began slowly having been detained for two weeks by calms and adverse winds, making it to the Cape of Good Hope seventy-four days after leaving England. The prisoners were detained again on the 19th March 1798 when the officers on board, fearing they would not find a profitable market at Port Jackson, 'desired to dispose of their Europeon trade goods'. This resulted in the 'Barwell' not arriving at Port Jackson until the 18th of May 1798, with the entire voyage taking a total of 192 days to complete.

It is not known what William Mobbs did when he first arrived in the Colony but we do know that by 1800 his wife Ann and their children were preparing themselves for a long and arduous journey to be with their father and husband in Australia.

It is quite probable that Ann petitioned the Government to be allowed to accompany her husband to Australia, as other convict wives had done before her, but if this was the case, her petition was declined as she and the children left England as free paying passengers on board the 'Earl Cornwallis' on the 18th November 1800, almost two years to the day after William Mobbs had left England.

After a journey of 206 very long days at sea, the 'Earl Cornwallis' arrived at Port Jackson on the 12th of June 1801.

Just twelve months after the family were reunited a 'Currancy Lad' John Mobbs was born to William and Ann on the 20th of July 1802.

With the family now reunited, and a new addition to the family, William Mobbs wasted no time is securing a better life for he and his family. By 1802 he had already aquired his first grant of land. It was a 30 acre grant in the Field of Mars, of which 26 acres had already been cleared, even and a half acres where under wheat and maize and the family owned 44 sheep, 19 horned cattle, 15 goats and 2 hogs.

At around this time William Mobbs was fortunate enough to aquire land from another successful ex-convict farmer, Simon Taylor. Simon Taylor had been described as one of the best farmers in the district - that was until he beat his wife to death with a gum branch on the Pennant Hills road. William Mobbs of course had the advantage of obtaining an already established farm. It is possible that this land is the land he was granted in 1802, possibly being reverted back to the crown and regranted to William Mobbs.

Whichever the case may be the Mobbs family were totally self sufficient, not having to rely on the Government Stores as many of their neighbours were.

As the family were growing up, William continued to put his Gardening background to good use and with the advise given by John Macarthur (who held many hundreds of acres in the area) in the benefits of running a mixed farm such as cattle, sheep, wheat, maize, and vegetables etc it was not long before William had established all of the above along with a thriving orchard of oranges.

By 1815, William was able to supply the Government stores with 1500 pounds of meat, as was stated in the Sydney Government Gazette on the 25th of March of that year. His orange grove took pride and place in the district and continued to be for many years to come.

During the early part of 1820, John Macarthur relinquished his land in the Field of Mars/Pennant Hills district for land around Camden. Most of the land John Macarthur gave up came into the hands of the Mobbs family.

In 1820 William Mobbs petitioned the Government for a further 300 acres of land on which to run his 110 cattle. He petitioned the Government again in 1823, stating that he had 80 acres of land at the Field of Mars containing his fruit trees and was building his house. There was a well on the property and as can be seen on many maps, the road to Parramatta ran through the property.

Not only was William Mobbs successful with his cattle and orchard, he also excelled at growing wheat as in 1825 it was stated 'This day one of Mr Mobbs' sons at Pennant Hills calls into action the sickle, having one of the finest crops of wheat ever beheld in the colony'.

More land was needed and in 1826, William purchased the Dunlop grant on Pennant Hills Road near North Rocks Road, paying 1000 spanish dollars for it.

By 1828, the census records William as having 907 acres of land, 172 acres were cleared and 49 acres cultivated. He also had 18 horses and 30 cattle. This land was partially made up of the holdings of William John, Mr Jennings, Mr Crawford and Mr Dunlops' farms. As for the orchard the Sydney Gazette stated on the 28th July 1828 that one of William Mobbs oranges measured 16 inches round the middle.

J.T. Bigge praised William Mobbs for his conduct in the Colony for his respectable character and unremitting industry. "The state of his farm and habitation attests, in a conspicuous manner of good conduct in New South Wales and of industry well applied."

The 1832 Post Office Directory mentions 'Mobbs' house and gardens celebrated for the best oranges, apples etc in the colony. A Mr J.D. Lang commented that "Settlers who are now realizing from their oranges incomes of two thousand a year" and that since "the orange tree takes a comparatively long time to come to maturity it is rarely found therefore on the farms of improvident settlers".

On the 5th August 1834, William Mobbs was visited by Baron Charles Von Hugal, an Austrian Diplomat who had spent a great deal of time in Australia during this year, collecting seeds and studying plants for his gardens back home in Europe. Baron Charles Von Hugal, was extremely impressed with William Mobbs' Orange Grove and garden that he made mention of it in his journal.

It would seem from the types of things people wrote about William Mobbs and his land, he could do no wrong. He grew from strength to strength and after 40 years in the colony of New South Wales he was a well respected citizen with his past faults forgotten.

William Mobbs died at Pennant Hills on the 25th September 1839 aged 76. He was buried on the 28th September 1839 at St Johns Parramatta.

Ann Mobbs (nee Grover) remarried in the year of 1840. Although Ann was 81 years of age at the time, she did not let that stop her marrying a man of 28 by the name of William Smith. It is believed William Smith may have worked on the property and it would also seem that age made no difference as far as this couple were concerned, as they were married until the Ann's death some ten years later.

Ann Smith, Late Mobbs, Nee Grover died at Pennant Hills on the 20th July 1850 at the age of 91. She was buried on the 24th of July 1850 with William Mobbs.

The land of which belonged to the Mobbs family is still referred to as Mobbs Hill at Carlingford with many streets in the area named in the families honour. Many descendants still live in the area but many thousands are now scattered far and wide.

Commissioner Bigge reported:

"The most favourable effects of transportation, are exhibited in the persons, as well as the properties, of three men who were transported in the early periods of the colony; their names are George Best, John Pie, and William MOBBS; they have been distinguished for the propriety of their conduct; for their respectable characters; and for their unremitting industry; and the state of their farms and habitations attest, in a conspicuous manner, the united effects of good conduct in New South Wales, and of industry, when well applied."

William is listed as a landholder in the 1828 census holding 907 acres of which 172 were cleared and 49 cultivated. He had 18 horses and 30 cattle on his property. They are considered to have made an astounding success of the land despite the many difficulties. They grew wheat and oranges and had cattle. The 1832 Post Office Directory mentions "MOBBS house and gardens celebrated for the best oranges, apples etc. in the colony.

Another reference to William's orange trees is from ORCHARDS IN THE HILLS AREA: "Still older citrus stock was, however, used by an ex-convict called William MOBBS, also with gardening experience in Britain, who had worked in the government garden in Sydney and established his own orchard in Castle Hill using a cutting from the first orange tree brought from Rio. Already by 1819 MOBBS and his four sons had occupied or received promises of 780 acres (312 hectares), with purchase of John Macarthur's Pennant Hills lands. John Dunmore Lang visited MOBBS in 1830 and noted the very extensive orchards: Mrs Felton Mathew believed that MOBBS and his son were making over $2000 a year in 1833. (or £2000? In any case that is at least $100,000 in 2004 values)"

Last Will and Testament of William Mobbs

THIS IS THE LAST WILL AND TESTAMENT of me William Mobbs the Elder of the Field of Mars in the District of Parramatta in the Colony of New South Wales, Settler. First I direct my executors hereinafter named to pay all my just Debts at the time of my decease due and owing and funeral Expenses.
I give and bequeath all and singular the personal Estate I may die possessed of unto my dear wife Ann Mobbs her executors, Administrators and assigns.
I give and devise all my real estate consisting of Thirty Acres of Land situate at the field of Mars aforesaid purchased by me from one Simon Taylor and also all the piece or parcel of Land situate at the Field of Mars aforesaid and divided by the Parramatta Road purchased by me from one Alexander Dunlop unto my said dear wife Ann Mobbs and her assigns for and during the term of her natural life and from and after her decease then as to all and singular the said Thirty Acres of Land purchased of Simon Taylor as aforesaid with the Building, and all other the outhouses thereon erected and built and all the appurtenaces whatsoever thereunto belonging or in any wise appertaining. I give and devise!
the said Thirty Acres of Land so as aforesaid purchased by me of the said Simon Taylor with their and every of their appurtenances unto my Trustees James Slade and William Long in the colony aforesaid Gentleman their heirs and assigns upon the trusts hereinafter expressed that is to say upon Trust to receive, pay and apply the rents issues and profits thereof and of every part thereof to and for the use of my only Daughter Ann Lacy the wife of Nicholas Lacy? and her assigns for her own sole and separate use and benefit, notwithstanding her present or any future coverture, whose receipt alone shall be a full and sufficient discharge for her said Trustees for and during the term of her natural life.
And from and after her decease, and in case she shall not survive my said dear wife then upon trust to convey, assign and assure the same unto my youngest son, Isaac Mobbs his heirs and assigns forever; but in case he the said Isaac Mobbs shall not survive the said Ann Lacy - or be living at the time of her decease,
I give and devise the same unto the right heirs of the said Isaac Mobbs and from and after the decease of my said dear wife as to all and singular the Eastern part of the said land purchased from said Alexander Dunlop and bounded on the West by the Parramatta Road and divided by the said Road from the Western side of the Land purchased as aforesaid and so as not to interfere with the Western Part; I give and devise the same to my eldest son William Mobbs his heirs and assigns forever. And as to all and singular the Western side of the said Piece or Parcel of Land purchased from the said Alexander Dunlop with the House and building thereon erected and built; I give devise and bequeath the same unto my youngest son Isaac Mobbs his heirs and assigns forever.
And lastly I appoint James Slade and William Long in the Colony aforesaid Gentlemen Executors and Trustees of this my will, hereby revoking and making void all other wills heretofore by me made, declaring this only to be my last Will and Testament.

Signed, Sealed, Published and Declared in the presence of the said Testator at his request and in the presence of each other this second day of September in the year of our Lord one Thousand eight hundred and thirty six. M. Murlow Francis Aurzefs Richard Bary ______________________________________________________________________________ From: "Danielle Embleton" <genie@internode.on.net> Subject: Re: [MOBBS] Mobbs Orange groves Date: Sun, 17 Apr 2005 18:21:33 +1000 References: <20050405215932.49297.qmail@web53904.mail.yahoo.com>

I have not seen Mrs Felton Mathew's stuff and would love to see an excerpt of this, although I had read on the Baulkham Hills council website in its history section about the orange cuttings from Rio.

The information that is on the Baulkham Hills website would have been taken by the heritage study done in 1993-1994 and the information contained in that about the orange trees was taken from the journal.

The extract from Mrs Felton Mathew's Journal was published in the Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society 29, 1943 p125

June 24th 1833

"....the country is flat and uninteresting till the Pennant Hills are gained; when it becomes of the same undulating and fertile description as in the neighbourhood of Campbell Town, and many of the fine slopes are Orange Groves in full beauty; Mobbs' orchard and gardens are among the finest, as I have before described".

June 25th 1833

"Took a walk in the evening upon the ridge overlooking the orange plantations of the two Mobbs father and son; the orchard of the younger has the advantage in appearance, being laid out with some taste, but the old man's trees are the finest I have seen......the Mobbs' make it is said, upwards of a thousand a year by their orchards.....Old Mobbs was among the first convicts who arrived in this country, and was for years employed in the Government garden, from whence he obtained a cutting from the first orange tree brought from Rio: this tree he shews with some pride as the parent of his whole orchard, either by cuttings, layers or seedlings. He has also cultivated English fruit trees very successfully, Apples, Pears, Cherries and Apricots as well as peaches: he was the first possessor too of the last, though they are now so numerous in every part of the colony that the inferior sorts are used to feed pigs".

Regards,

Danielle ______________________________________________________________________________

The story about the orange pips came from Caroline Tibbett and her message was as follows:

This story was told to my great aunt Mary Tibbett, daughter of Phoebe Mobbs, in the 1930's by Patience Whavell, nee Mobbs:

"William Mobbs was the first man to bring out the Orange Pips to Australia, (from John Mobbs Orchard at Islington, London) in 1798. These orange pips that William Mobbs brought from England were planted at Parramatta & grew into lovely trees, & when they were bearing the oranges sold at 5 shillings per dozen.
At that time the Mobbs were recognised to be the wealthiest people in Parramatta. That was one reason why Governor Bourke made William Mobbs his bosom friend & made Mobbs residence his home & nearly always stayed there.

His own residence was moved to Windsor by bullocks, & that was the time when a great number of Convicts were sent out from England to Flag Staff Hill. They used to have to break into people's houses to get enough food as they were half starved. Mr Isaac Mobbs the son of William Mobbs was a wealthy man. The convicts broke into the house one night, & laid out Isaac Mobbs for dead, while his wife had her hands tied at her back. They marched her around from room to room, to show them where there was any money or valuables. She did not tell them where the money was, but when she showed them where the food was, they were satisfied.
They went from there to my mother's place (Mrs Bowman) she had two small children & she climbed up a ladder, which was the only means of reaching the hay loft, so she put the children up there. Then she got the gun, & while the convicts were trying to force the door open, she fired through a crack in the door. The next morning the blood was traced to the Flagstaff Hill. At that time the men were hanged in the open, a rope being fixed to the outstanding branch of a huge gum tree."

Cheers, Dom Dom Swinkels

From the Mobbs Lane, Epping Heritage Assessment...

In 1796 William Mobbs Snr was committed to trial at Newgate on the charge of stealing salt petre. Convicted for 7 yrs, he was kept in gaol for over a year before being transported via the BARWELL to NSW. His wife Ann, together with children William, Isaac, Ann & George came to Australia as free immigrants aboard the EARL CONWALLIS in 1801. The family welcomed son John at Parramatta in 1802.

William was emancipated in 1803 and concentrated on the acquisition of land. His first formal grant was 30 acres in the Field of Mars in 1802 although documents suggest he owned land in present day Carlingford from 1798. 26 acres were cleared with 11.5 under wheat & maize. He also had 44 sheep, 19 horned cattle, 12 goats and 2 pigs.

In 1820 he applied for more land & received another 300 acres which he used for cattle grazing. By 1823 he had another 80 acres for the propogation of fruit trees. By 1825 the Sydney Gazette declared that William Mobbs of Pennant Hills "has one of the finest crops of wheat ever beheld in the colony". The 1828 muster credits him with 907 acres and he was widely known for the best apples & oranges in the colony.

An early diary by Mrs Felton Matthews commented that...

" Old Mobbs was among the first convicts who arrived in the country and was for years employed in the government garden, from whence he obtained a cutting from the first orange tree brought from Rio: this tree he showed with pride as being the parent of his whole orchard, either by cuttings, layers or seedlings...He was the first possessor of peaches" (from Book of Sydney Suburbs by Pollon p51)

Mobbs died on Sept. 25, 1839^[3] and was buried in St Johns Cemetery in Parramatta.

His widow Ann "of Orange Orchard" remarried but was buried next to her first husband following her death in 1850.

In the main, their children followed their father's rural interests. Son William was identified in the 1828 Muster Books as a farmer with 300 acres, while brother Isaac had 200 acres. John was a gardener & fruiterer who died young at age 26. Ann married three times and died in 1867 at age 74.

The Mobbs' land together with other orchards in the area including those owned by Cox, Spurway & Neil, were effected in the 1860's by an insect attack with diseased trees having to be destroyed. A second environmental disaster soon followed and exacerbated the farmers. Severe drought set in & it was another 7 yrs before the orchards operated effectively. However, the orchards & larger land holdings were subdivided for residential development, notably after the first subdivision in 1883 & the Carlingford railway extension in 1902.

William Mobbs Snr ... ^[4]

Sources

1. ↑ London, England, Marriages and Banns, 1754-1921 Data: Marriage date: 29 Nov 1790 Marriage place: New Brentwood, Middlesex, England marriage date: 29 Nov 1790 marriage place: New Brentwood, Middlesex, England Name: Ann GROVER vital date: 29 Nov 1790 vital place: Middlesex, England vital place: Middlesex
2. ↑ MOBBS WILLIAM Registration number 861/1839 V1839861 23AFather's Given Name(s): Not recorded Mother's Given Name(s): Not recorded District
3. ↑ Find A Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com : accessed 17 December 2017), memorial page for William Mobbs (1763–25 Sep 1839), Find A Grave Memorial no. 144785783, citing St John's Cemetery, Parramatta, City of Parramatta Council, New South Wales, Australia ; Maintained by Helen (contributor 46831582) .
4. ↑ A source for this information is needed.

• New South Wales Government Justice Registry of Births & Deaths & Marriages[1]

• Ancestry.com Title: 1828 New South Wales, Australia Census (TNA Copy) Publication: Name: Provo, UT, USA: The Generations Network, Inc., 2007; Repository: #R1 NOTESource Medium: Ancestry.com

• Ancestry.com Title: One World Tree (sm) Publication: Name: Provo, UT, USA: The Generations Network, Inc.

• Ancestry.com Title: Public Member Stories Publication: Name: Provo, UT, USA: The Generations Network, Inc., 2006;

• State Records Authority of New South Wales Title: Tickets of leave, emancipation, and pardon records, 1810-19

• Ancestry.com Title: England & Wales, Criminal Registers, 1791-1892 Publication: Name: The Generations Network, Inc.; Location: Provo, UT, USA; Date: 2009;

• Ancestry.com Title: Pallot's Marriage Index for England: 1780 - 1837 Publication: Name: Online publication - Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2001.Original data - The original paper slip index, from which this database was created, is owned by The Institute of Heraldic and Genealogical Studies, Canterbury, England.Original data: T;

• Ancestry.com Title: London, England, Marriages and Banns, 1754-1921 Publication: Name: Online publication - Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010.Original data - Church of England Parish Registers, 1754-1921. London Metropolitan Archives, London.Images produced by permission of the City of London Corporation Libraries, Archives;

• Ancestry.com Title: New South Wales and Tasmania, Australia Convict Musters, 1806-1849

• Assisted Immigrants Passenger Lists NOTE ABBR Assisted Immigrants Passenger Lists.

• Author: Ancestry.com Title: New South Wales, Australia, Settler and Convict Lists, 1787-1834

• Ancestry.com Title: New South Wales, Australia, Colonial Secretary's Papers, 1788-1825

• AAncestry.com Title: Australian Convict Transportation Registers – 1791-1868

• ISBN 0 908120 17 6 Type: Book Title: Pioneers of Hornsby Shire 1788-1906 Author: Hornsby Shire Historical Society Publication: Library of Australian History, 1979

• Report into the colony of New South Wales 1822-1823. Author: J. T. Bigge, (Commissioner) Publication: 1966 Australiana, Libraries Board of South Australia, Adelaide 1966 (The Bigge Reports), Page: p 142

• ORCHARDS IN THE HILLS AREA, A Brief History. Author: Edited from BHSC Baulkham Hills Heritage Study 1995 Publication.