This profile shows that John R. Riley is a brother of James Oliver Riley.
This is per the research of Lela Parris Koch. I am not sure how she knows they were brothers, but she did know they enlisted the same day in Nebraska for the Civil War.
In researching this fact, I discovered that John R. Riley was living in Richardson, Nebraska in 1860 and had a daughter named Arminia which coincidentally is very similar to Armancy the daughter of James Riley. Also both boys married their wives in Pickaway, Ohio.
Further research led me to FamilySearch which showed John R. Riley as John Richards Riley son of John Riley and Catherine Richards.
Also, descendants of Johh Thomas Riley are genetically related as fourth cousins to James Edward Riley
Catherine Richards who married Alfred Shuey in Ohio, 1844 was living with two Rileys who could have been her children and are attached as such, WIlliam Riley who was born in New Jersey 1824 and Mary Riley.
The family of Alfred Shuey was at the census of 1850 living next door to John Richards Riley , who according to posted connections at familysearch, the son of John Riley and Catherine Richards which makes sense given the middle name or Richards for John.
Catherine Ewing and James Rilea were linked on FamilySearch. They have children that follow them on most census. Someone had connected Catherine Ewing and Catherine Riley probably because the marriages were both held in Pickaway at appropriate dates. This did not take into account, however, that WIlliam Riley and his sister, who were born in New Jersey, would unlikely have been the result of the marriage of Catherine Ewing married James Rilea who were married in Ohio, +500 miles to the west of New Jersey. The marriage of Ewing to Riley was claimed by multiple profiles on FamilySearch. The above explanation was my choice as to the correct claim of marriage records.
Following DNA and Census records the family connection has been thus proposed.
It is still unknown whose daughter Viola Riley is. She is listed as grandaughter to Catherine.
Fact: Residence (1795-1875) Hunterdon, New Jersey, USA
"New Jersey, County Marriages, 1682-1956," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/VW5J-BTL : 12 December 2014), John Riley and Catherine Richard, 08 Mar 1823; citing Hunterdon, New Jersey, New Jersey State Archives, Trenton; FHL microfilm 807,005.
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DNA Connections
It may be possible to confirm family relationships with John by comparing test results with other carriers of his Y-chromosome or his mother's mitochondrial DNA.
However, there are no known yDNA or mtDNA test-takers in his direct paternal or maternal line.
It is likely that these autosomal DNA test-takers will share some percentage of DNA with John: