"Canada Census, 1871," database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M4D3-ZLZ : 13 November 2014), James Smith in household of Mary Ann Smith, Hammond's Plains, Halifax West, Nova Scotia, Canada; citing p. 19, line 18; Library and Archives Canada film number C-10553, Public Archives, Ottawa, Ontario; FHL microfilm 2,229,141.
"Canada Census, 1881," database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MV6G-VG9 : 18 November 2014), James Smith in household of James Smith, Hammond's Plains, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; citing p. 5; Library and Archives Canada film number C-13169, Library and Archives Canada, Ottawa, Ontario; FHL microfilm 1,375,805.
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DNA Connections
It may be possible to confirm family relationships with James by comparing test results with other carriers of his ancestors' Y-chromosome or mitochondrial DNA.
However, there are no known yDNA or mtDNA test-takers in his direct paternal or maternal line.
It is likely that these autosomal DNA test-takers will share some percentage of DNA with James: