Évora, Alentejo One Place Study
Location: Évora, Évora, Portugal
Surnames/tags: One_Place_Studies Alentejo Portugal
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Évora, Alentejo One Place Study
Name
Évora, Portugal
Geography
- Continent: Europe
- Country: Portugal
- Region: Alentejo
- District: Évora
- GPS Coordinates: 38.566667, -7.9
- Elevation: 269.2 m or 883.3 feet
Overview
Évora is the capital of Portugal's south-central Alentejo region, and located halfway between Lisbon and the Estremadura region of Spain.
It stretches from the Tagus River in the north to the Algarve in the south and is known for its countryside planted with cork trees, as well as hearty food and wine production.
It was known as Ebora in the Celtic times, and later called Liberalitas Julia after Julius Caesar.
The Temple of Diana is a reminder of the Romans who once occupied the town back in the 2nd century BC. Then the Moors came along and finally Portuguese royals. With all the different people from different times, the town has a variety of architectural styles.
The town was rich in wheat and silver which made it a good trade route to Rome from the 2nd century BC to the 4th century AD.
Évora became a world heritage site by UNESCO in 1986.
Today, Évora is mostly agriculturally oriented.
Population
'Approx 53,500 (2021)'
Historical Timeline
80 - 72 BC - Roman commander Quintus Sertorius (died 72 BC) called it Ebora.
57 BC - Built up as a walled city by the Romans.
1st - 3rd Century - Roman Temple of Évora (Templo Romano de Évora) was erected.
4th Century - The city’s bishopric was founded.
6th century
584 - Évora came under the rule of the Visigothic King Leovigild (519 -586).
8th Century
712 - Conquered by and named Jabura by Moorish leader Tariq ibn-Ziyad (670 - 720).
12th century
1165 - Taken from the Moors by Portuguese warrior by Geraldo Sem Pavor aka Gerald the Fearless (died 1173).
1166 - Ruled by Portuguese King Afonso I (died 1185).
13th Century
1280-1340 - Cathedral of Évora (Catedral de Évora) was built.
14th century
1385-1580 - During the Aviz (Joanine) Dynasty under Manuel I (1469-1521) and John III (1502-1557), Évora was known for humanities, artists, and composers.
15th Century
1468 - The Royal Palace is built.
16th century
1530 - The aqueduct was completed.
1540 - The city's raised to the status of an archbishopric.
1556 - Renaissance fountain, Portas de Moura was built to commemorate the Age of Discovery.
1570 - Henriquina fountain is erected.
1559 - Évora University was founded by the Jesuits to replace the College of the Holy Spirit of the Order of Christ.
17th Century
1663-1665 - The city was held by the Spanish.
18th Century
1755 - A major earthquake occurred which destroyed much of the region, but spared major damage to Évora.
1759 -The Évora University was closed.
19th Century
1808 -The Battle of Évora was fought against the French during the Peninsular War (1808-1814).
1832 - Dom Miguel (1802-1866) took refuge in Évora.
1834 - King Miguel I (1802-1866) surrendered in Évora, which marked the end of the Liberal Wars (1832-1834).
20th Century
1909 - The city was damaged by a 6.0 magnitude earthquake.
1973 - Évora University reopened.
1987 - Roman Baths found under city hall.
Historical Landmarks
[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]
Chapel of Bones (see Church of Saint Francis below)
Igreja São João Evangelista (Church of Saint John the Evangelist) c.15th Century
Location: Largo do Conde de Vila Flor, Évora, Portugal (Adjacent to the Roman Temple ruins)
Although it has a modest exterior, the church features one of the most impressive interiors in all of Évora. Entire walls are decorated with blue and white Portuguese tiles called 'azulejos' from the early 18th century. The hand-painted tiles are a mix of leaves and flowers as well as biblical scenes carefully painted by António de Oliveira.
Church of Saint Francis (Saint Francisco Church) (Igreja de São Francisco) & Chapel of Bones (Capela dos Ossos) c.1475 - 1550’s
Church Location: #35 Praça 1º de Maio, Évora, Portugal
Chapel of Bones Location: #34 Praça 1º de Maio, Évora, Portugal
São Francisco is a 15th-century church once part of the Franciscan Monastery and whose main attention getter now is the Chapel of Bones.
The Church was classified as National Monument in 1910.
At the Chapel of Bones rather spooky warning sits above the entrance, reading: “Nós Ossos Que Aqui Estamos, Pelos Vossos Esperamos” which is translated as ”We bones that lay here wait for your bones.” This small chapel is adorned with the skulls and other bones of over 5,000 monks that were been unearthed from local cemeteries in order to free up room for others.
Conservatório Regional de Évora (Regional Conservatory of Music in Evora), Eborae Música
Location: Av. de São Sebastião, 7001-901, Évora, Portugal
Frequently organises classical music shows.
Évora Cathedral (Sé de Évora) c.1746
Location: Largo do Marquês de Marialva, 7000-809 Évora, Portugal
A Gothic building, this cathedral's spire marks the city's center and is visible from almost all of Évora. For a great view of the city, visitors can walk up on the roof.
Inside, you’ll find a collection of sculptures of the apostles carved in the 14th century, plus the oldest organ in Portugal from the 16th century.
Evora University (Universidade de Évora, Colégio do Espírito Santo) c.1559
Location: R. do Cardeal Rei 6, 7000-645 Évora, Portugal
This university was originally founded to succeed the College of the Holy Spirit of the Order of Christ (Colégio do Espírito Santo/Colégio da Companhia de Jesus/Universidade de Évora).
One of its more beautiful buildings is the Colégio do Espírito Santo. Its grand cloister, Pátio dos Gerais, features a center fountain.
It was closed in 1759 and was reopened in 1973 as the University Institute of Évora, which eventually became the University of Évora in 1979.
Fountain of Portas de Moura (Chafariz das Portas de Moura/Fonte da Porta de Moura) c.1556
Location: Largo da Porta de Moura, 7000-647 Évora, Portugal
Features a world globe surrounded by water (referencing the Age of Discovery during the Renaissance period).
Giraldo Square (Praça do Giraldo) c.1573
Location: Praça do Giraldo, Évora, Portugal
This plaza is the main square and was named after the 12th-century hero of the Reconquista (722 AD-1492), Geraldo Geraldes, aka Gerald the Fearless (died 1173), who defeated the Moors and after four and a half centuries of rule in Évora.
It was place for executions during the Inquisition, but today, it's occupied with mostly cafes and shops.
I's main attraction is 'Henriquina Fountain' c.1570 which includes eight jets marking the number of streets that lead to the square with the 'Church of Saint Anthony from the Desert' (Igreja do Santo Antão) in the background.
Jardim Público c.19th Century
Location: Av. Dinis Miranda @ Av. Gen. Humberto Degado, Évora, Portugal
Fashioned after an English garden, this beautiful garden was designed by Italian architect José Cinatti.
Museu de Évora c.1915
Location: #4 Praça 1º de Maio, Évora, Portugal
With more than 20,000 displays, the Évora Museum is housed inside a former 16th-century palace and now feature displays of archaeology and art pieces from the 14th to the 17th centuries.
Palace of the Counts of Basto (Portuguese: Palácio dos Condes de Basto / Paço de São Miguel da Freiria / Palácio do Pátio de São Miguel) c. Moorish Times
Location: Paço de São Miguel
A former Moorish castle of the Gothic, Manueline, Mudéjar and Renaissance styles.
It was rebuilt in the 1950’s.
Palace of the Dukes of Cadaval (Paço dos Duques de Cadaval/Palácio dos Duques de Cadaval) c.17th Century
Location: R. Agust Filipe Simoes, Évora, Portugal (next-door to the Lóios Convent and Church (today a remarkable Pousada) and facing the Roman Temple of Évora).
Formerly a castle, then governors, and royal residences, this palace features Manueline-Moorish design elements now displays a collection of manuscripts, family portraits, and religious art from the 16th century.
Prata Aqueduct (Portuguese: Aqueduto da Água de Prata) c.1531-1537
Location: R. do Muro 8, 7000-592 Évora, Portugal
Designed by military architect Francisco de Arruda (died 1547), who previously designed the Belém Tower in Lisbon.
Built during the reign of by King João III (John III) (1502-1557) between 1531 and 1537. Extending 5 miles (9 km), it once supplied water from the interior of the country to Évora.
Roman Baths Ruins (Termas Romanas) c.1st Century
Location: Praça do Sertório s/n, 7004-506 Évora, Portugal
Discovered beneath the Evora City Hall in 1987, it features a steam bath from Roman times as well as heating system (Roman style).
Roman Temple of Évora (Templo Romano de Évora) aka Temple of Diana c. 1st - 3rd Century AD
Location: Largo do Conde de Vila Flor, 7000-863 Évora, Portugal
One attraction that no one can miss is the former Roman temple dedicated to the goddess Diana.
In its lifetime, it was used by the Romans, Moors, and also served as a market place, temple, fortification, and then a slaughterhouse.
It has fourteen 25 foot (7.68 m) high remaining granite columns, and Corinthian capitals.
Royal Palace of Évora c. 13th and 14th Century
Location: Paços de Évora / Palácio de Dom Manuel, R. 24 de Julho 1, 7000-650 Évora, Portugal
Gothic-Renaissance style structure built by King Manuel I (1469-1521).
Teatro Garcia de Resende (Garcia de Resende Theatre) c.1892
Location: Praça Joaquim António de Aguiar, 7000-510 Évora
Hosts events related with the arts; theater, puppets, painting, short films
This theater honors Évora native Garcia de Resende (1470-1536) who was a poet, a chronicler, a designer and an architect, and was built by José Ramalho Dinis Perdigão (1830-1884), original owner and creator who died before completion. It was finished by local doctor Francisco Barahona.
Notable People
Abd al-Majid ibn Abdun (c. 1050–1135)
Poet
Born: Al-Andalus, Iberian Peninsula
Died: Évora, Portugal
Gaspar da Cruz (c. 1520–1570)
Portuguese Dominican friar who traveled to Asia and wrote one of the first detailed European accounts about China.
Born: Évora, Portugal
Died: Setúbal, Portugal
Celestino David (1880–1952)
Portuguese writer, made honorary citizen of Évora.
Born: Unknown
Died: Unknown
Estevão Brioso de Figueiredo (1630–1689)
Roman Catholic prelate, served as Bishop of Funchal (1683–1689) and the first Bishop of Olinda (1676–1683)
Born: Évora, Portugal
Died: Funchal, Portugal
José Ribeiro da Fonseca (1690–1752)
Portuguese Franciscan, became Bishop of Porto
Born: Évora, Portugal
Died: Porto, Portugal
Cristóvão da Gama (c. 1516–1542)
Portuguese military commander who led a crusade in Ethiopia and Somalia.
Born: Évora, Portugal
Died: Wofla, Adal Sultanate, Ethiopia
Geraldo Geraldes aka Gerald the Fearless , aka known in Portuguese as Geraldo Sem Pavor (XXXX-1173)
Portuguese warrior and folk hero of the Reconquista.
Born: Unknown
Died: Unknown
João Manuel, Prince of Portugal (1537–1554)
Portuguese infante (prince), the eighth son of King John III
Born: Royal Palace, Évora, Portugal
Died: Ribeira Palace, Lisbon, Portugal
Maria of Portugal (1342–1375)
Portuguese infanta (princess), first daughter of King Peter I
Born: Évora, Portugal
Died: Aveiro, Portugal
Luís Mendes de Vasconcellos (c. 1542–1623)
Portuguese nobleman, colonial Governor of Angola and 55th Grand Master of the Order of Saint John
Born: Évora, Portugal
Died: Hospitaller, Malta
Pedro Fernandes de Queirós (1565–1614)
Portuguese navigator in the service of Spain, known for the Spanish voyages of discovery in the Pacific Ocean
Born: Évora, Portugal
Died: Panama
André de Resende (1498–1573)
Dominican friar, father of archaeology in Portugal
Born: Évora, Portugal
Died: Évora, Portugal
Garcia de Resende (1470–1536)
Portuguese poet and editor. He served King John II as a page and private secretary
Born: Évora, Portugal
Died: Évora, Portugal
Joaquim Heliodoro da Cunha Rivara (1809–1879)
Portuguese physician, professor, intellectual and politician
Born: Arraiolos, Portugal
Died: Évora, Portugal
João dos Santos (Évora – Goa 1622)
Dominican missionary in India and Africa
Born: Évora, Portugal
Died: Goa, Portuguese India
Miguel da Silva (c. 1480–1556)
Portuguese nobleman, appointed by King Manuel I as ambassador to Rome in 1514
Born: Évora, Portugal
Died: Rome, Papal States
Memorials and Statues
Giuseppe Luigi Cinatti (1808-1879) Architect, Theater Set Designer
Bust
Location: Jardim Publico (Park), Évora 7000-650, Portugal
Born: Sienna, Italy
Died: Unknown
Florbela Espanca (1894-1930) Poet
Bust
Location: Jardim Publico (Park), Évora 7000-650, Portugal
Born: Vila Viçosa, Portugal
Died: Matosinhos, Portugal
Francisco Eduardo de Barahona Fragosa (1843-1905) Mayor of Evora
Bust
Location: Jardim Diana (Park), Évora 7000-800, Portugal
Born: Cuba
Died: Unknown
Geraldo Geraldes aka Gerald the Fearless , aka known in Portuguese as Geraldo Sem Pavor (XXXX-1173)
Statue
Location: Concrete statue of Gerald the Fearless beheading a Moor. It stands on a hill near the place where the ruins of the castle of Giraldo were found in Evora, Portugal
Born: Unknown
Died: Unknown
Mestre Andre de Resenda (1498-1573) Humanist and Antiquarian; Dominican friar
Bust
Location: Largo Dr. Evaristo, Cutileiro, Évora, Portugal
Born: Évora, Portugal
Died: Évora, Portugal
Garcia de Resende (1470-1536) Poet
Statue
Location: Jardim Publico (Park), Evora 7000-650, Portugal
Born: Évora, Portugal
Died: Évora, Portugal
Sister Cities
France Chartres, France
Iran Qazvin, Iran
Mozambique Island of Mozambique, Mozambique
Portugal Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
Russia Suzdal, Russia
Sources
- ↑ Stuart M. Wilson, Personal Visit, June 2023
- ↑ https://www.google.com
- ↑ Conde Nast; https://www.cntraveler.com/nast
- ↑ Wikipedia; https://en.wikipedia.org
- ↑ International Living;https://internationalliving.com
- ↑ Britannica; https://www.britannica.com
- ↑ Wikipedia; https://en.wikipedia.org
- ↑ Wikipedia; https://en.wikipedia.org
- ↑ Stuart M. Wilson, Personal Visit, June 2023
- ↑ Wikipedia; https://en.wikipedia.org
- ↑ Conde Nast; https://www.cntraveler.com/nast
- ↑ Visit Évora; https://www.visitevora.net
- ↑ Travel + Leisure; https://www.travelandleisure.com
- ↑ The Hap Hazard Traveler; https://thehaphazardtraveler.com
- ↑ International Living; https://internationalliving.com
- ↑ Dream Plan Experience; https://dreamplanexperience.com
- ↑ Wikipedia; https://en.wikipedia.org
- ↑ Google; https://www.google.com
- ↑ Stuart M. Wilson; Personal visit, June 2023
- ↑ Trip Advisor; https://www.tripadvisor.com
- ↑ Wikipedia; https://en.wikipedia.org
- ↑ Wikipedia; https://en.wikipedia.org
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