Caisleán Eilean Donnain, Siorrachd Chromba One Place Study

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Caisleán Eilean Donnain, Siorrachd Chromba One Place Study

This profile is part of the Caisleán Eilean Donnain, Siorrachd Chromba One Place Study.

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Name

Eilean Donan Castle (Current)

aka Eilean Donnain Castle (Scottish Gaelic)

aka Ellandolla Castle (ancient)

aka Dornie Castle (Town affiliated)

Geography

Continent: Europe

Sovereign State: United Kingdom

Country: Scotland

County: Ross and Comarty

GPS Coordinates: 57.273923, -5.516168

Elevation: 7.3 m or 23.8 feet

Overview

^[1][2]

Sitting on a small island near the village of Dornie in the Lochalsh district in Highlands of Scotland lies Eilean Donan Castle. As the ancetral home to the Mackenzie clan for centuries, it's now a tranquil setting which has been photographed by thousands of tourists, and featured in films as well.

The island is named after Donnán of Eigg, a Celtic saint of 617 who built a church here.

The island is surrounded by the convergence of three lochs, those being Loch Duich from the South, Loch Long from the North, and Loch Alsh from the West.

The castle was first built by King Alexander II (1198-1249) to guard against King Hakon's Vikings who were aggressively trying to infiltrate the Scottish highland islands. Later in 1263, that kings son, King Alexander III (1241-1286) granted the castle to Irishman Colin Fitzgerald (XXXX-XXXX) for his service at the successful battle of Largs in which the Vikings were defeated.

For seven hundred years, Clan Mackenzie were hailed as keepers of the castle. Most of their titles were of Kintail, but during the 1800's, the family lineage became the Earls of Seaforth whose title was later forfeited because of participation in the Jacobite rising of 1715. The peerage later ended up becoming the Earls of Cromartie.

During another Jacobite rising of 1719, William Mackenzie, 5th Earl of Seaforth employed the help of the Spanish to secure the castle. Getting wind of this, the British Royal Navy sent three frigates to destroy the castle. When the 14 foot thick walls resisted cannon fire from the ships, troops were sent ashore to finish off the job by exploding gunpowder which they found, which left in the castle destroyed and in ruins. It sat empty for nearly 200 years before being restored to its former glory between 1914 and 1932.

It’s history is long and the castle as it stands today is the restoration work of Lieutenant-Colonel John Macrae-Gilstrap’s (1861-1937).

Explore this beloved castle and it’s history in the historical timeline heading below.

Historical Timeline

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Note: Some events listed herein happened away from Eilean Donan Castle and are listed for reference only.

Iron Age - An early medieval fortification existed on the island.

7th Century

617 - A church was established by Celtic Saint Donnán of Eigg on the island.

13th Century

1214-1250 - Eilean Donan Castle was first built by Scotland's King Alexander II (1198-1249) to defend the area against future Viking invasions.

1261 - Colin Fitzgerald (XXXX-XXXX) comes from Ireland to Scotland.

1262 - An invasion of the Isle of Skye by King Alexander III of Scotland occurred to force out Viking habitation, so they moved on to Largs.

1263 - The battle of Largs took place which ended in the defeat and death of the Norwegian King Hakon. Colin Fitzgerald participated in the battle.

1263 - King Alexander III (1241-1286) gave the castle to Irishman Colin Fitzgerald (XXXX-XXXX) as a reward for his heroic services at the Battle of Largs.

1266 - With the death of Viking King Hakon, new King Magnus VI of Norway (1238-1280) relinquished the Hebrides to Scotland.

1278 - Angus Crom MacKenneth (1200-1278) 1st of Kintail died.

13th Century -

A high curtain-wall castle was constructed which enclosed most of the island for protection.

14th Century

1304 - Kenneth Mackenzie (1240-1304) 2nd of Kintail died.

1306 -1307 - John MacKenzie (1270-1328) 3rd of Kintail provided refuge to recently crowned Scottish King Robert the Bruce, aka Robert I (1274-1329) at Eilean Donan Castle after his defeat at the 1306 Battle of Methven, Perth during the Wars for Scottish Independence.

1313 - The castle was visited by Thomas Randolph (1278-1332), Earl of Moray and Warden of Scotland.

1328 - John MacKenzie (1270-1328) 3rd of Kintail died.

1346 - Kenneth Mackenzie (c.1300-c.1346) 4th of Kintail was executed at Inverness for rebelling against the Earl of Ross.

1362 - A charter was granted to Murdoch (Murdo) Mackenzie (c.1335-c.1375) the 5th of Kintail for the lands of Kintail and Eilean Donan.

1362 - Clan MacRae began to settle in Kintail and became close alleys as the Mackenzie's bodyguards. Their job was to protect the castle and the Mackenzie family from any invading forces.

1375 - Sir Murdoch (Murdo) Mackenzie (c.1335-c.1375) the 5th of Kintail died.

15th Century

1400’s - The castle was reduced in size by about 80%.

1416 - Murdoch Mackenzie (1370-1416) 6th of Kintail died.

1488 - Alexander Mackenzie, 7th Earl of Kintail (b.1436-1488) died.

1492 - Kenneth Mackenzie (1454-1492) 8th of Kintail died.

16th Century

1509 - John Mackenzie (c.1480-c.1561), aka John of Killi, the 9th of Kintail, was granted a charter of Kintail and Eilean Donan.

1511 – The MacRae's were promoted to official Constables of the Castle.

1539 – The castle was attacked by Donald Grumach MacDonald (1480-1534), 4th of Sleat. It was Duncan MacRae who shot the final arrow that ended MacDonald’s life.

1561 - John Mackenzie (1483-1561) aka John of Killi, 9th of Kintail died.

1568 - Kenneth Mackenzie (abt.1513-1568) 10th of Kintail died.

1580 - Son of Christopher MacRae (1537-1615), the Rev. Farquhar MacRae (1580-1662) was born in the castle.

1594 - Colin Mackenzie (1536-1594) 11th of Kintail died.

16th century

Hornwork is added to the castle.

17th Century

1611 - Kenneth Mackenzie (1573-1611) 1st Lord Mackenzie of Kintail died.

1618 - The Rev. Farquhar MacRae was appointed constable of the castle and minister of Kintail.

1633 - Sir Colin Mackenzie (abt.1586-1633) 2nd Lord Mackenzie of Kintail, 1st Earl of Seaforth died.

1640’s - Rev. Farquhar is forced from the castle by Simon Mackenzie (1610-1666) of Lochslin (brother of the Earl of Seaforth).

1650’s - The Scottish Parliament imposes a garrison on the ‘house of Ellandolla’.

1651 - George Mackenzie (1608-1651) 2nd Earl of Seaforth died.

1678 - Sir Kenneth Mackenzie (abt.1635-1678) 3rd Earl of Seaforth died.

18th Century

1700 - Sir Kenneth Mackenzie (bef.1662-1700) 4th Earl of Seaforth died.

1715 - During a Jacobite rebellion William Mackenzie (1681-1740), 5th Earl of Seaforth, joined the Jacobite army, leading men of the Clan Mackenzie and Clan MacRae into battle.

1715 - The castle was taken from Government troops by the Jacobites before the battle of Sheriffmuir.

1719 - The castle was occupied with troops of new ally Spain under George Keith (1672-1798), 10th Earl Marischal to support the Jacobite uprising.

1719 - The Royal Navy sent three warships (frigates) to Eilean Donan where personnel attempted to go ashore under a flag of truce, but the Spanish soldiers fired at them which resulted all three vessels opening fire on the castle. Navy personnel then later went ashore and captured the castle with little resistance and blew it up using stored gunpowder kegs left by the Spanish.

1719-1919 - The ruined castle sat empty for 200 years.

1740 - William Mackenzie (XXXX-1740) 5th Earl of Seaforth died.

1781 - Colonel Kenneth Mackenzie (1744-1781) Baron of Aldelve and Viscount Fortrose (1766), 1st Earl of Seaforth (second creation of title, 1771) died.

19th Century

1815 - 'Francis Humberston Mackenzie (1754-1815) 1st Baron Seaforth (third creation of title, 1797) died.

20th Century

1911-1913 - Eilean Donan Castle was purchased by Lieutenant-Colonel John MacRae-Gilstrap (1861-1937).

1914-1932 - Along with his Clerk of Works (Stonemason), Farquar D. MacRae (XXXX-1932), the castle was rebuilt by Lieutenant-Colonel John MacRae-Gilstrap to plans of architect, George Mackie Watson (1860-1948). The cost was £250,000.

1923 - James Alexander Francis Humberston Stewart-Mackenzie (1847-1923) 1st Baron Seaforth (Title Creation 1921) died.

1932- The arched bridge connecting the mainland to the island is completed.

1937 - Lieutenant-Colonel John MacRae-Gilstrap dies in the castle.

1949 - Roderick Grant Blunt Mackenzie (1904-1949) 4th Earl Of Cromartie, Clan Chief died.

1955 - The castle is opened to the public.

1983 - Ownership of the castle was transferred to the Conchra Charitable Trust, established by the MacRae family to maintain and restore the castle.

1988 - A visitor centre was opened on the landward side of the bridge.

Clan Mackenzie

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Note: Resource websites denote information on much of the clan family members, but information on the initial castle recipient Colin Fitzgerald remains vague and unreliable to the point where the author of this OPS cannot establish information on Colin Fitzgerald (birth, death, etc) and his connection to the Mackennzie's to a reliable degree. Information on Colin Fitzgerald therefore remains elusive.

Furthermore, Wikitree and Wikipedia as well as other sites contradict each other on the family members (numerical) position of their peerage. Some say Kenneth was the 1st of Kintail, others say he was the 2nd.

The author of this OPS has made every attempt to establish the correct facts and the correct peerage order of members of the Mackenzie family and therefore has chosen Wikitree profiles as the order of record.

This OPS author welcomes any reader of this profile to clarify facts with regards to Colin Fitzgerald, and/or Mackenzie family members and their order of peerage.

Clan MacKenzie History

For seven hundred years, Clan Mackenzie was hailed as keepers of the castle. Most of their titles were of Kintail, but during the 1600's, the family lineage became the Earls of Seaforth whose title was later forfeited because of participation in the Jacobite rising of 1715. The peerage later ended up becoming the Earls of Cromartie.

When (Kenneth Mackenzie (1240-1304) 2nd of Kintail) succeeded the title, he was known as Coinneach MacCoinneach in Gaelic, which means “Kenneth the son of Kenneth (It is believed that named for his father Angus Crom MacKenneth). This name eventually translated into Mackenzie in English, and so the famous Scottish Clan was established.

During the 16th century, the MacKenzies promoted the clan MacRae to be constables of the castle whereas the MacRaes would remain fiercely loyal to the Mackenzie family for many centuries. They still remain official constables today.

Clan Mackenzie Peerage

Colin Fitzgerald (XXXX-XXXX)) Reference Only

*

(Information lacking on direct connection to the Mackenzie's)

*

Angus Crom MacKenneth (later Mackenzie) (1200-1278) 1st of Kintail

Kenneth Mackenzie (1240-1304) 2nd of Kintail aka Coinneach MacCoinneach

John Mackenzie (bef.1300-1328) 3rd of Kintail

Kenneth Mackenzie (abt.1324-abt.1346) 4th of Kintail

Sir Murdoch Mackenzie (1346-1375) 5th of Kintail

Murdoch Mackenzie (1370-1416) 6th of Kintail

Alexander Mackenzie (abt.1413-1488) 7th of Kintail, aka 'Ionraech' (The Upright)

Kenneth Og Mackenzie (abt.1480-abt.1498) of Kintail (Minor, not recognized as an heir or chief of clan.)

Kenneth Mackenzie (1454-1492) 8th of Kintail, aka 'Kenneth of the Battle'

John Mackenzie (1483-1561) aka John of Killi, 9th of Kintail

Kenneth Mackenzie (abt.1513-1568) 10th of Kintail

Colin Mackenzie (1536-1594) 11th of Kintail, aka Cam ‘Crooked’ (because of one-eye)

Kenneth Mackenzie (1573-1611) 1st Lord Mackenzie of Kintail

Sir Colin Mackenzie (abt.1586-1633) 2nd Lord Mackenzie of Kintail, 1st Earl of Seaforth

George Mackenzie (1608-1651) 2nd Earl of Seaforth

Sir Kenneth Mackenzie (abt.1635-1678) 3rd Earl of Seaforth

Sir Kenneth Mackenzie (bef.1662-1700) 4th Earl of Seaforth

William Mackenzie (XXXX-1740) 5th Earl of Seaforth (Title Declared forfeit 7 May 1716)

Colonel Kenneth Mackenzie (1744-1781) Baron of Aldelve and Viscount Fortrose (1766), 1st Earl of Seaforth (Second creation of title, 1771) (All title’s extinct upon death in 1781)

Francis Humberston Mackenzie (1754-1815) 1st Baron Seaforth (Second creation of title, 1797) (Title extinct upon death in 1815), MP

James Alexander Francis Humberston Stewart-Mackenzie (1847-1923) 1st Baron Seaforth (Title Creation 1921) (Title extinct upon death in 1923)

Recent Clan Mackenzie Chiefs

George Falconer Mackenzie (1777-1841) 4th of Allangrange

John Falconer Mackenzie (1831-1849) 5th of Allangrange

James Fowler Mackenzie (1833 -1907) 6th of Allangrange

Roderick Grant Blunt Mackenzie (1904-1949) 4th Earl Of Cromartie

John Ruaridh Grant Blunt Mackenzie (b.1948) 5th Earl of Cromartie - Current Chief

Clan MacRae (Macrae)

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Clan Macrae History

The name MacRae emanates from the Gaelic Macraith, which means "son of grace”. The MacRae's were anything but graceful by being known as the 'wild MacRae's' for their ability to take on any battle as superior archers and warriors.

The MacRaes came to Kintail where they were loyal bodyguards to the Mackenzie clan, and were nick-named as the ‘shirt of mail’ (ie: chain mail protective clothing). They later were promoted to Constables of Eilean Donan Castle around 1509, and still officially remain Constables of Eilean Donan Castle today.

During the Scottish and Norwegian War, the Clan MacRae fought for Scotland's King Alexander III at the Battle of Largs in 1263. The Norwegians were defeated and the army of King Hakon IV was driven out of Scotland thanks to the MacRae warriors.

Prominent Members of the clan

Brig. General William MacRae (1834-188) - Member of the American Confederate army.

Major Robert MacRae (1754-1835) - Loyalist in American War of Independence.

Touring the castle

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Visitor Centre - Located at the mainland end of the bridge to the island which includes the Ticket Office, Gift Shop and Coffee Shop.

From the visitor centre one will progress across the1900's era bridge to approach the castles main entrance.

South-West Wing - Exhibits of the castle and the island.

Main Keep - Accommodations.

Billeting Room - It features a barrel vaulted ceiling, and 14 foot thick walls.

Great Hall aka Banqueting Hall - Chippendale furniture is featured and walls decorated with MacRae family portraits and Coats of Arms.

The castle is not handicap assessible.

Memorials

Clan MacRae WW1 Memorial

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Dedicated 22 July 1932

Attended by: Captain Duncan MacRae; Mrs Ella MacRae-Gilstrap, Lord Lovat, Colonel MacRae-Gilstrap, and Mr John MacRae.

Today, visitors can see the stone alcove set into the base of the castle foundation. In the center of the memorial is a bronze plaque bearing a members roll of honour of the Clan MacRae and their associated regiments who were killed in WW1 (1914-1918), along with their coat of arms.

The memorial includes two German field guns.

Notable People

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Angus Crom MacKenneth (1200-1278)

Born: Cromarty, Highland, Scotland, United Kingdom

Died: Eilean Donan Castle, Scotland, United Kingdom

Resting Place: Iona Abbey, Iona Island, Hebrides, Scotland

Bio Summary: 1st of Kintail

Parents: Laird Kenneth Kintail MacKenneth (1150-1230) and Unknown mother

Siblings: Unknown

Spouse: Sybella Stewart (1205-1267)

Issue: Kenneth Mackenzie (abt.1240-1304) 2nd of Kintail

Lieutenant-Colonel John MacRae-Gilstrap (1861-1937)

Born: Punjab, India

Died: Eilean Donan Castle, Scotland

Resting Place: MacRae Cemetery, Clachan Duich near Loch Duich Scotland

Bio Summary: John MacRae took the additional surname of Gilstrap (his spouses maiden name) and assumed a senior role in the family firm of Gilstrap, Earp & Co., then the largest malt-producing business in Britain.

Bought Eilean Donan Castle and rebuilt it as his family home.

Parents: Duncan MacRae (1816-1898) and Grace Stewart (XXXX-XXXX)

Siblings: Sophia Fredrica Christina Hastings McRae (1853-XXXX), Stuart MacRae (1855-1927), Anna Helena McRae (1857-XXXX), Isabella McRae (1859-XXXX), Anna Helena McRae (1860-XXXX), Isabella McRae (1862-XXXX), Colin William MacRae (1864-XXXX), Colin William MacRae (1869-1952)

Spouse: Isabella Mary Gilstrap (1861–1949) Married 1889

Issue: Margaret Helen MacRae-Gilstrap (1890-XXXX), Maynel H MacRae-Gilstrap (1890-XXXX), Janet Isabel MacRae-Gilstrap (1891-1975), Ella Mary MacRae-Gilstrap (1892-1976), Barbara C MacRae-Gilstrap (1894-XXXX), Flora Sybil MacRae-Gilstrap (1895-XXXX), John Duncan George MacRae (1896-1966), Dorothy G MacRae-Gilstrap (1899-XXXX)

King Alexander II (1198-1249)

Born: Haddington, East Lothian, Scotland

Died: Kerrera, Scotland

Resting Place: Melrose Abbey

Bio Summary: King of Scotland (1214-1249)

he built Eilean Donan castle to guard the area from King Hakon and his Viking warriors.

Parents: William the Lion (1142-2014), King of Scots from 1165-2014 and Ermengarde de Beaumont (c.1170 - c.1233)

Siblings: Unknown

Spouse Number 1: Joan of England (1210-1238) Married 1221, (He was 23 and she was 11 years old)

Issue: Unknown

Spouse Number 2: Marie de Coucy (1218-1285) Married 1239 ​ Issue: Alexander III (1241-1286), Marjorie (illegitimate) (dates unknown)

King Alexander III 1241-1286)

Born: Roxburgh Castle, Roxburghshire, Scotland

Died: Kinghorn Ness, Fife, Scotland

Resting Place: Dunfermline Abbey, Scotland

Bio Summary: King of Scots from 1249 until death.

King Alexander III granted the castle to Colin Fitzgerald (XXXX-XXXX), of a Norman Irish family, chiefly the House of Geraldine.

Parents: King Alexander II (1198-1249) and Marie de Coucy (1218-1285)

Siblings: None

Spouse Number 1: Margaret of England (1240-1275) Married 1251 (He was 10 and she was 11 years old)

Issue: Margaret of Scotland (1261-1283), Alexander, Prince of Scotland (1264-1284), David (1272-1281) ​ ​Spouse Number 2: Yolande de Dreux (1263-1330) Married 1285 ​ Issue: None

Robert the Bruce (1274-1329), King of Scotland, aka Robert I

Born: Turnberry Castle, Turnberry, Scotland

Died: Cardross, Dunbartonshire, Scotland

Resting Place: Dunfermline, Scotland

Bio Summary: Resistance fighter in Ayr; King of Scotland

Robert hid out in the castle with the help of John MacKenzie (1270-1328), 3rd of Kintail after his defeat at the Battle of Methven, Perth (1306) during the Wars for Scottish Independence.

Parents: Robert (Bruce) Lord of Annandale and Earl of Carrick (1243-1304) and Marjorie Carrick, Countess of Carrick (1252-1292). Married 1271.

Siblings: Maud (Brus) de Brus Countess of Ross (1272-1326), Isabel (Brus) de Brus (1272-1358), Christian (Brus) de Brus, Countess of Mar (1273-1356), Mary (Brus) de Brus (1275-1323), Edward (Brus) de Brus (1276-1318), Margaret (Brus) de Brus (1276-1325), Neil (Brus) de Brus (1279-1306), Alexander (Brus) de Brus (1282-1307), Thomas (Brus) de Brus (1284-1307).

Spouse Number 1: Isabella Mar, Countess of Carrick (1278-1302) Married 1295)

Children: Marjorie (de Brus) Bruce (1294-1317), Margaret (de Brus) Bruce (1300-1370), Neil (de Brus) Bruce (1300-1346)

Spouse Number 2: Elizabeth Burgh (1284-1327) Married 1302

Children: Robert (de Brus) Bruce (1303-1332), Matilda (de Brus) Bruce (1303-1353), Margaret (de Brus) Bruce (1307-1346), Christina (de Brus) Bruce (1317-1329), Elizabeth (de Brus) Bruce (1317-1364), David (de Brus) Bruce (1324-1371), John (de Brus) Bruce (1327-XXXX)

See WikiTree Profile Bruce-129

Rev. Farquhar MacRae (1580-1662) Minister, Constable of the castle

Born: Eilean Donan Castle

Died: Kintail, Ross, Scotland

Resting Place: Macrae Burial Grounds, Clachan Duich (aka Kilduich) Kirk, Kintail

Bio Summary: Constable of Eilean Donan and Vicar of Kintail

Educated at the University of Edinburgh

Parents: Christopher McRae (1550–1600) and Isabella Murchison (1556–1625)

Siblings: Unknown

Spouse: Christina McCulloch (1590-1662) Married 1611

Issue: Alexander MacRae (>1611–1711), John Ian Breac MacRae (1614–1673), Isabel MacRae (1616–1690), Murdoch MacRae (1617–1700), Donald MacRae (1618–~1681), Miles MacRae (1620–~1690), Helen MacRae (1624–XXXX)

See WikiTree Profile Macrae-465

George Mackie Watson (1860-1948) Architect

Born: Edinburgh, Scotland

Died: London, England

Resting Place: Grange Cemetery, Edinburgh, Scotland

Bio Summary: He was the architect on the restoration of Eilean Donan Castle between 1914 and 1932.

Educated at George Watson's College, Edinburgh

Processed about fifty projects in his career.

Parents: George Watson (XXXX-XXXX) and Agnes Shaw (XXXX-XXXX)

Siblings: John Watson (abt.1855-XXXX), Arthur John Paul Watson (1869-XXXX), Robert James George Watson (1871-XXXX)

Spouse: Jean Steedman Mirylees (XXXX-XXXX)

Issue: Isabella Cecilia Hutchison Watson (1891-XXXX), George Mackie Watson Jr (1893-XXXX), James St Clair Watson (1895-XXXX), Anne Georgina Watson (1902-XXXX)

Films

^[41]

The castle has been used in many films and TV series starting in the 1940's. Following is a list as is known.

1948 - Bonnie Prince Charlie starring David Niven

1953 - The Master of Ballantrae starring Errol Flynn

1976 - The New Avengers

1986 - The Highlander

1985 - The Private Life of Sherlock Holmes

1987 - Mio in the Land of Faraway

1995 - Loch Ness

1995 - Oliver's Travels Tv Series

1997-2002 - BBC One Television Identity

1998 - Kuch Kuch Hota Hai

1999 - James Bond - The World Is Not Enough

2000 - Kandukondain Kandukondain

2007 - Elizabeth: The Golden Age

2007 - Made of Honor

Sources

1. ↑ Eilean Donan Castle, Operated by The Conchra Charitable Trust; https://www.eileandonancastle.com
2. ↑ Wikipedia; https://en.wikipedia.org
3. ↑ Eilean Donan Castle, Operated by The Conchra Charitable Trust; https://www.eileandonancastle.com
4. ↑ Wikipedia; https://en.wikipedia.org
5. ↑ Scottish Tours; https://www.scottishtours.co.uk
6. ↑ Undiscovered Scotland; https://www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk
7. ↑ Britain Express; https://www.britainexpress.com
8. ↑ Castles and manor Houses; https://www.castlesandmanorhouses.com
9. ↑ Electric Scotland; https://electricscotland.com
10. ↑ Geni;https://www.geni.com
11. ↑ Family Search; https://www.familysearch.org/
12. ↑ Wikitree;https://www.wikitree.com
13. ↑ Relevant Search Scotland; https://www.relevantsearchscotland.co.uk
14. ↑ The Peerage; http://thepeerage.com
15. ↑ Scottish Tours; https://www.scottishtours.co.uk
16. ↑ Scots Clans; https://www.scotclans.com
17. ↑ Wikitree;https://www.wikitree.com
18. ↑ Wikipedia; https://en.wikipedia.org
19. ↑ Genealogie Online; https://www.genealogieonline.nl
20. ↑ The Peerage; http://thepeerage.com
21. ↑ Our Family History and Ancestry; http://tng.famille-morin.com
22. ↑ Mackenzie Geneaology; https://mackenziegenealogy.home.blog
23. ↑ Clan Mackenzie; https://clanmackenziesociety.co.uk
24. ↑ The Scottish Tartans; 1961, Published by W & A.K Johnston & G.W. Bacon Ltd
25. ↑ Scottish Tours; https://www.scottishtours.co.uk
26. ↑ Visit Scotland; https://www.visitscotland.com
27. ↑ The Scottish Tartans; 1961, Published by W & A.K Johnston & G.W. Bacon Ltd
28. ↑ Scottish Tours; https://www.scottishtours.co.uk
29. ↑ Undiscovered Scotland; https://www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk
30. ↑ Britain Express; https://www.britainexpress.com
31. ↑ Imperial War Museums; https://www.iwm.org.uk
32. ↑ Wikitree;https://www.wikitree.com
33. ↑ Wikipedia; https://en.wikipedia.org
34. ↑ Genealogie Online; https://www.genealogieonline.nl
35. ↑ The Peerage; http://thepeerage.com
36. ↑ Our Family History and Ancestry; http://tng.famille-morin.com
37. ↑ Mackenzie Geneaology; https://mackenziegenealogy.home.blog
38. ↑ family Search; https://www.familysearch.org
39. ↑ Clan Mackenzie; https://clanmackenziesociety.co.uk
40. ↑ Dictionary of Scottish Architects; https://www.scottisharchitects.org.uk
41. ↑ Eilean Donan Castle; https://www.eileandonancastle.com