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Carthage Township was orginally a part of Troy Township. It was organized in 1819. The first white settler within the limits of what is now Carthage township was Asahel Cooley, Sr. came in 1799. His brotherin-law, Ephraim Frost, came the year after. They were followed by Bernardus B. Lottridge, Ebenezer Buckingham, William Jeffers, Alexander Caldwell, Moses Elliott, James Baker, Daniel Boyd, Abraham Norris, Peter Hammond, Nathaniel Martin, Caleb P. Wells, Walter Glazier, John and Edward Lawrence, and William Mills.
The early records of the township are lost, and there is no list of its officers prior to 1855. The population in 1820 was 320; in 1830 it was 395; in 1840 it was 734; in 1850 it was 1,087; in 1860 it was 1,827.
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