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FSP - The Murray Clan (DRAFT)

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Contents

Introduction to the Murray Clan

  • Overview of the Clan’s Significance and Legacy: The Murray Clan, one of Scotland’s most distinguished and influential clans, is known for its noble origins and significant role in Scottish history. Descended from Freskin, a Flemish knight of the 12th century, the clan established a power base in West Lothian and Moray through strategic marriages and land grants from King David I. The Murrays were pivotal in various historical events, notably the Wars of Scottish Independence and the Jacobite Uprisings. With a legacy of powerful chieftains, strategic alliances, and significant contributions to Scotland’s military and political history, the Murray Clan remains a symbol of Scottish heritage and pride. [1]

Early Beginnings and Ancestral Roots

  • Flemish Knight Freskin de Moravia (1100-1171): also known as Freskyn, is recognized as the progenitor of Clan Murray. Thought to be a Flemish nobleman, he accompanied King David I to Scotland in 1124, laying the foundations for the future prominence of the Murray and Sutherland families, and possibly also Douglas. Through his military successes and strategic alliances, Freskin established a notable lineage integral to Scottish history. His descendants adopted the name “de Moravia,” which later evolved into “Murray,” signifying their origins and connection to the Moray region. [1]
  • Land Grants by King David I and Clan Formation: The establishment of the Murray Clan’s power base in Scotland can be traced back to land grants by King David I. After the Norman conquest, the feudalization of Scotland began, transforming land ownership and governance. David I granted lands to many, including Freskin, as part of his strategy to create loyal vassals. Freskin’s initial grant in West Lothian and subsequent rewards for his military service against local rebellions in Moray significantly expanded his territories. These land grants and Freskin’s strategic marriages into the Moravian aristocracy were crucial in establishing the early power and influence of the Murray Clan in Scotland. [1]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Scottish_history

Key Historical Events

First War of Scottish Independence (1296–1328): The first phase of the war between England and Scotland began with Edward I’s invasion and the sacking of Berwick in March 1296, followed by Scotland’s defeat at the Battle of Dunbar, culminating in John Balliol’s abdication in July. Andrew (Murray) Moray IInd Lord of Bothwell (bef. 1258 - bef. 1300) was captured at the Battle of Dunbar and imprisoned in the tower of London where he died before 10 Nov 1300. His son, Andrew (Moray) Murray Third Lord of Bothwell (bef. 1280 - aft. 1297) was also captured at the Battle of Dunbar, but Andrew Moray the younger, a prisoner of lesser significance, was imprisoned in Chester Castle.

he escaped to lead a rebellion in northern Scotland against Edward I’s oppressive rule. Despite early setbacks, Murray’s guerrilla tactics eventually led to significant gains, including the capture of key castles like Elgin, Banff, and Inverness. Joining forces with William Wallace, they inflicted a heavy defeat on the English at Stirling Bridge on 11 September 1297, though Murray was fatally wounded. [2][3]


and ended with the signing of the Treaty of Edinburgh–Northampton in 1328. In May 1297, William Wallace killed the sheriff of Lanark. and by summer, an uprising began in Moray under Andrew Murray. One of the most notable figures was Andrew Moray, who joined forces with William Wallace in the struggle against Edward I of England. Andrew Moray’s significant role was highlighted at the Battle of Stirling Bridge in 1297, where his death led to Wallace taking command of the Scottish forces. This era marked the Murrays’ emergence as influential players in Scottish military and political affairs. [4]


His posthumous son, also named Andrew, later married King Robert I’s sister and served as guardian of Scotland.

Second War of Scottish Independence (1332–1357): began with the English-supported invasion by Edward Balliol and the "Disinherited" in 1332 and ended in 1357 with the signing of the Treaty of Berwick.

Freedom Fighter alongside William Wallace: Sir Andrew Murray, also known as Sir Andrew Moray or Sir Andrew de Moray, played a significant role in the Scottish Wars of Independence. Born to Andrew Moray, joint-commander with William Wallace at the Battle of Stirling Bridge, Sir Andrew continued his father’s legacy after being captured and held as a hostage in England for eleven years. Upon his return to Scotland, he actively supported King David II against Edward Balliol and King Edward III of England during the Second War of Scottish Independence. Murray’s military and political leadership was evident in his two tenures as Guardian of Scotland, in 1332 and again from 1335 until his death in 1338. He led sieges against English-held castles, recaptured key Scottish strongholds like Bothwell Castle, and engaged in several battles against English forces, showcasing his dedication to the Scottish cause. [5][6][7][8]

Civil War and the Covenanters (1638): During the Civil War and the Covenanter movement in the mid-17th century, the Murrays were divided. Some supported the Royalist cause, while others aligned with the Covenanters, showcasing the clan’s diverse political affiliations.

Jacobite Uprisings: The Murrays were also deeply involved in the Jacobite Uprisings of the 18th century, particularly known for their participation in the ’45 Rising that ended at Culloden. Key figures during this period included the Murray brothers, William and George, who were prominent Jacobites. William Murray, Marquess of Tullibardine, and George Murray were active participants, with George becoming a Jacobite General. During the 1715 Rising, the Murrays were involved in significant battles such as Sheriffmuir and Preston. Their involvement in these uprisings highlighted their continuing influence and commitment to the cause of the Stuart monarchy. [1]

First Jacobite Rising (1689-1692): The 1st Duke of Atholl initially supported William of Orange but later switched allegiance to James II, reflecting the clan’s internal divisions.

The ’15 and ’45 Jacobite Risings: The clan’s loyalty was split between the Jacobite cause and the Hanoverian government, leading to internal strife. The 2nd Duke of Atholl supported the Hanoverians, while many clansmen fought for the Jacobite cause.

The Clearances and Agrarian Change: In the 18th and 19th centuries, the Murrays were involved in the Highland Clearances, leading to significant social changes and conflicts within the clan, as traditional ways of life were disrupted.

Religious Influences: Religious changes, particularly during the Reformation, also influenced clan loyalties. The Murrays were predominantly Protestant, which occasionally put them at odds with Catholic supporters in the region.

Notable Early Chiefs of the Murray Clan

  • Historical Chiefs of Clan Murray: The lineage of the Murray Clan chiefs begins with Freskin, the founder of the clan. His descendants intermarried with the Moravian aristocracy, cementing their influence in Scotland. The lineage continues with significant figures like Sir Malcolm Murray, Sheriff of Perthshire, and his son, Sir William Murray, who acquired the lands of Tullibardine. Sir William’s son, also named William, became the 2nd Earl of Tullibardine and married Dorothea Stewart, linking the Murrays with the Earls of Atholl. This connection led to the creation of the title ‘Duke of Atholl’. The lineage extends to modern times with the 12th Duke of Atholl, Bruce George Ronald Murray.

The Twelve Dukes of Atholl, Chiefs of the Murray Clan

  1. John Murray (1660-1703 1st Duke of Atholl (1660–1724): A significant event in his life was his appointment as Lord High Commissioner to the Parliament of Scotland in 1703, a role which made him the representative of the monarch in the Parliament. [9]
  2. James Murray, 2nd Duke of Atholl (1690–1764): His notable event was inheriting the sovereignty of the Isle of Man in 1736. He later sold the sovereignty to the British government in 1765.
  3. John Murray, 3rd Duke of Atholl (1729–1774): He played a key role in opposing the Jacobite uprising, notably raising two regiments known as the “Black Watch” to maintain order.
  4. John Murray, 4th Duke of Atholl (1755–1830): A significant event was his restoration of Blair Castle, the ancestral home of the Clan Murray, which had been damaged in the Jacobite risings.
  5. John Murray, 5th Duke of Atholl (1778–1846): He is known for his role in politics, particularly his membership in the House of Lords and his advocacy for conservative causes.
  6. George Murray, 6th Duke of Atholl (1814–1864): A significant event in his life was his service in the British Army, where he reached the rank of lieutenant-colonel.
  7. John James Hugh Henry Stewart-Murray, 7th Duke of Atholl (1840–1917): He played a significant role in the volunteer movement in Scotland, helping to organize volunteer forces.
  8. John George Stewart-Murray (1871-1942), 8th Duke of Atholl (1917–1942): A notable event in his life was his service in World War I, where he commanded the Scottish Horse Mounted Brigade.
  9. James Thomas Stewart-Murray (1879-1957), 9th Duke of Atholl (1942–1957): His significant life event was his appointment as Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in 1923.
  10. George Iain Murray (1931-1996), 10th Duke of Atholl (1929–1996): A notable event in his life was his role in restoring and opening Blair Castle to the public, which became a major tourist attraction.
  11. John Murray (1929-2012), 11th Duke of Atholl (1996–2012): He was known for his support and involvement in South African military heritage, reflecting his interest in military history.
  12. Bruce George Ronald Murray, 12th Duke of Atholl (b. 1960): A significant event in his life is his succession to the dukedom in 2012, following the death of his father.

Clan Symbols: Crest, Tartan, and Motto

  • Crests: The Murray Clan crest has evolved over time. Initially, it featured a mermaid holding a mirror in her right hand and a comb in her left, signifying the clan’s connection to the ancient princedom of Strathearn and the lands of Tullibardine. This crest, chosen by the Council of Clan Chiefs, reflects the heraldic traditions of the area. Additionally, the crest of the Stewarts of Atholl, a Demi-Savage holding a dagger and a key, commemorates the capture of the last Lord of the Isles by the 1st Stewart Earl of Atholl in 1475. This crest was adopted by the Murrays when the Tullibardine line married into the Stuart Earls of Atholl, symbolizing the union and inheritance of titles.
  • Motto: The Murray Clan has two mottos. “Tout Prest” (Quite ready) reflects a state of readiness and preparedness, aligning with the clan’s history of active involvement in key Scottish conflicts. The second motto, “Furth Fortune and Fill the Fetters”, is old Scots meaning ‘go onward with fortune and fill the shackles’. This motto is associated with the Demi-Savage crest and is a testament to the clan’s resilience and spirit in the face of challenges.
  • Tartans: The Murray Clan tartan has both modern and ancient versions. Modern tartans use vibrant colors, while ancient versions attempt to replicate the appearance of tartans using vegetable dyes. There are also weathered versions that mimic the effect of exposure to the elements. The Murray of Atholl tartan, a readily available variant, reflects the clan’s rich heritage and is a symbol of their identity. It is worn at clan gatherings, festivals, and other cultural events, maintaining the clan’s traditions and connection to its Scottish roots.

Clan Lands and Historical Sites

  • Blair Castle: Blair Castle, with a history dating back to 1269, has been a central part of the Murray Clan’s story. Originally started by John I Comyn and later incorporated into the Earl of Atholl’s domain, the castle came under the Murray family when John Murray, son of the second Earl of Tullibardine and Atholl heiress Dorothea Stewart, was created Earl of Atholl in 1629. Located in Glen Gary, near Blair Atholl in Perthshire, Blair Castle remains a symbol of the Murray family’s longstanding influence and is open to the public for various events.
  • Bothwell Castle: Originally built by the Murrays, Bothwell Castle was a significant stronghold and remained the seat of the chief until 1360. After 1360, the castle passed to the Douglas family, marking a shift in ownership, but its historical association with the Murrays remains notable. Bothwell Castle’s imposing structure and history make it an important site in the clan’s history.
  • Scone Palace: Known for its stunning late Georgian Gothic architecture, Scone Palace is a historic house that played an important role in the history of the Scottish monarchy. The kings of Scots were inaugurated at Scone in ancient times. In 1600, the lands were granted to the Murrays, adding to the clan’s significant estate holdings.
  • Culloden: Culloden, the site of the famous battle that marked the end of the Jacobite risings, is closely associated with the Murray Clan due to their participation in these historical events.
  • Other Historical Sites: Additional sites associated with the Murray Clan include Huntingtower Castle in Perthshire, given to the Murrays of Tullibardine, and Urquhart Castle, located on the shores of Loch Ness and known for its siege by Andrew Moray.


Murray Clan Links

Clan Murray Today: Global Influence and Contributions

  • Annual General Meeting (AGM): The Murray Clan Society of North America’s most significant yearly event is the AGM. This event comprises three parts: a council meeting, the AGM itself for members to receive reports and voice concerns, and the annual Clan Dinner, which includes toasting the haggis and enjoying entertainment. The location of the AGM varies each year to encourage broader participation.
  • Games with Murray Tents: The Murray Clan participates in various games and festivals across Canada and the United States. These include events like the Fergus Scottish Festival & Highland Games in Ontario, the Alaska Highland Games, the Monterey Scottish Games and Celtic Festival in California, and several others in different states. These events often feature Scottish cultural displays, athletics, music, and more.
  • Clan Murray Society of North America: This society aims to unite those with the Murray name, allied families, or their descendants. Its goals include cultivating kinship and pride, collecting historical and genealogical records, and providing a gathering place at Highland Gatherings across North America. The society extends an invitation to join and participate in its activities and fellowship.
  • Volunteering and Participation: The clan seeks volunteers to set up and man tents at games and festivals and to recruit new members. They also encourage members to celebrate Murray heritage by helping at clan tents, marching in parades, attending Scottish events, and optionally dressing in Scottish attire.
  • Teespring Store: The clan operates a Teespring store where they sell various merchandise like shirts and hoodies. This offers a way for members and supporters to show their affiliation and support the clan.
  • Juniper Fund: The clan is associated with the Juniper Fund, which supports various causes and initiatives. More information about this fund can be found on their website.

References and External Links

Academic Books and Journals:

  • Adam, Frank, and Innes of Learney. The Clans, Septs, and Regiments of the Scottish Highlands. Edinburgh: Johnston and Bacon, 1970.
  • Martine, Roddy. Scottish Clan and Family Names: Their Arms, Origins, and Tartans. Edinburgh: Mainstream Publishing, 1992.
  • Black, George F. The Surnames of Scotland: Their Origin, Meaning, and History. New York: The New York Public Library, 1946.

Online Academic Databases and Journals:

University Libraries and Archives:

Historical Societies and Academic Organizations:

General and Introductory Sources:

Specialized Academic Libraries:

Sources

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Murray. Muskegon, MI: Electric Scotland USA, (1898), Murray
  2. ↑ Fisher, Andrew. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Murray, Andrew (d. 1297). United Kingdom: Oxford University Press (2004), Murray, Andrew.
  3. ↑ Barrow, G. W. S. Robert Bruce and the Community of the Realm of Scotland. With an introduction by Michael Brown. Edinburgh Classic Editions. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2013, citing, “His father died 8 April 1298 in the Tower,” Walter of Guisborough. The Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough, Previously Edited as the Chronicle of Walter of Hemingford or Hemingburgh. Camden Series; Ser. 3, 89. London: Offices of the Royal Historical Society, 1957. (PRO, E372/151, m.16d.)” in “For their part the Scots did not get off lightly, and it seems probable that the death of their brilliant leader Andrew Murray, which occurred before the end of the year, resulted from wounds he got during the battle.”
  4. ↑ Wikipedia contributors, "Wars of Scottish Independence," Wikipedia, (2023), Wars of Scottish Independence.
  5. ↑ Douglas Richardson. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols, ed. Kimball G. Everingham (Salt Lake City: the author, 2013), volume I, page 602.
  6. ↑ Paul, James Balfour, Sir. "The Scots Peerage: Founded On Wood's Ed. Of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage Of Scotland; Containing An Historical And Genealogical Account Of The Nobility Of That Kingdom," Edinburgh: David Douglas, 1904, Vol. Ii.,pp.127-8
  7. ↑ The Chiefship of the Clan Murray. The Scottish Antiquary, or, Northern Notes and Queries 15, no. 58 (1900): 53–77. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25516988.
  8. ↑ Duncan, A. A. M. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. “Murray [Moray], Sir Andrew, of Bothwell (1298–1338).” Published in print September 23, 2004. Published online September 23, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/19590.
  9. ↑ Paul, James Balfour. The Scots Peerage: Founded on Wood’s Edition of Sir Robert Douglas’s Peerage of Scotland; Containing an Historical and Genealogical Account of the Nobility of That Kingdom. Vol. I. Edinburgh: David Douglas, 1904, p. 479., citing, “The same year he was constituted Lord High Commissioner to the Parliament of Scotland by the King, who wrote thus from Loo, 28 August, 'the knowledge we have of his capacity, as well as his zealous affection and firm fidelity to our person and government will certainly render him acceptable.' No less than forty-six Acts of Parliament were passed during the Session following his appointment.“




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