Various DNA Studies on William Whitaker's Possible Descendants
- Profile
- Images
Surname/tag: Whitaker_DNA_Studies
Introduction
The goal of this project is to collect and present all of the sources, data, analysis, thoughts and conclusions of any and all Y-DNA, mtDNA and auDNA studies of any and all known or suspected descendants of William Whitaker (abt.1701-aft. 1760) and Elizabeth (Carleton) Whitaker (1701-aft.1760) and their known immediate family.
Right now this project just has one member, me. I am Michael Whitaker. You can PM me if you have any questions or issues with the contents of this project.
Here are some of the tasks that I think need to be done. I'll be working on them, and could use your help.
- Show that the brothers Mark Whitaker (1750-1842) and John J Whitaker (1760-1837) are not the son's of Marcus Whitaker (abt.1726-aft.1787). Done
- Identify the children of Marcus Whitaker (abt.1726-aft.1787) where possible, if not conclusively, then to a reasonable level of certainty.
- Confirm or refute the question of if William Whitaker (abt.1701-aft. 1760) is in fact related to Robert Whitaker (1637-abt.1718) by using Y-DNA
Will you join me? Please post a comment here on this page, in G2G using the project tag, or send me a private message. Thanks!
Y-DNA Studies
Introduction
The Y-chromosome is the inherited part of the human body that determines male gender. It carries the gene SRY (for sex-determining region Y). Unlike the other 22 chromosome pairs and the XX chromosomal pair, the XY chromosomal pair only undergoes crossover at its tips. Crossover is the process in which DNA material is exchanged between the two chromosomes from each parent. It occurs during the Anaphase stage of the Mitosis process. This means that the Y chromosome will pass from father to son essentially unchanged for hundreds or thousands of generations. In a very real sense, it is a historical record of their genealogical past that every male human carries within himself regarding his paternal heritage. However, there are variations in the Y-DNA strand due to copy errors during the mitosis process. These errors come in two forms: STR variations and SNP variations.
STR variations have traditionally been used when using Y-DNA for genealogy. STR stands for Short Tandem Repeats, which are patterns of a few nucleotides that repeat a certain number of times. For example, DYS393 is the STR variation where the nucleotide AGAT group can repeat anywhere from 9 to 17 times. These repeat numbers are presented in Y-DNA STR reports at FTDNA. STR markers are located at specific positions on the Y-DNA strand, making it easy to test for the number of repeats for each marker. They know where to look. Over the years, Family Tree DNA (FTDNA) has offered 12, 25, 37, 67, and 111 marker tests. In the early days, 12 and 25 marker tests were common. Currently, you can only obtain 37 (Y-37) or 111 (Y-111) marker tests. Obviously, the more markers tested, the more confident the match to those who have a compatible group of tests.
STR variations mutate at different rates. When STRs mutate, they can either delete or insert nucleotide patterns into the Y-DNA strand. Additionally, the pattern of the number of repeats for STR markers has shifted within large groups of men over generations, allowing for accurate prediction of the "major" Y-DNA group of the tester based on the overall pattern of the tested STRs. These tests can provide an "Estimated Haplogroup" at a high level, indicating the emergence of Estimated Haplogroups thousands of years ago. Hapogroups are defined by SNP's, which are explained below.
The true strength of STR variations lies in their rapid mutation rate. STRs can identify men who are related to eachother in some way up to 25 generations in the past, or about 800 years. This time period is particularly relevant for surname studies, given that the use of surnames when identifying a family is approximately 500 years old. The only potential complication with this approach arises from STRs changes that cycle back to a previous state because of a deletion or insertion of a nucleotide pattern. In these cases, some matches may appear to be closer in time than they actually are.
The other variation found on a person's Y-DNA is the SNP variation. SNPs, or Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms, are located on the Y-DNA strand where a single nucleotide is replaced with another. The defining characteristic of these variations is their stability. Once they occur, they tend to remain unchanged. For example, in the case of the named SNP FT238390, which corresponds to my current terminal haplogroup I-FT238390, the nucleotide G (guanine) is replaced with C (cytosine) at position 3695449. This SNP is estimated to be around 250 years old, but it may date back as far as 600 years. It has been inherited by all of its creator's descendants and will continue to be passed downthrough the generations without fail. Due to the stability of SNPs, they provide an excellent means of classifying men through Y-DNA testing. Men are grouped into Haplogroups based on the known or named SNPs present in their Y-DNA. A "Confirmed (Terminal) Haplogroup" is one of the outcomes you can expect from an SNP test. Moreover, since an SNP has a single point of origin—a man's grandfather in the past—haplogroups can be seen as representing a shared lineage of men's common grandfathers. Also, Haplogroups can be organized into trees.
At FTDNA, the Big Y-700 test is used to test for SNPs, along with tests for specific SNP markers if you are interested solely in that information. There are two types of SNPs: "Private Variations" and "Named Variations." Named Variations are part of mankind's haplotree, while Private Variations are SNPs observed only in the tested individual. Private Variations can become Named Variations when other men have been tested with the same variation, so all Private Variations have the potential to become Named Variations. Mankind's haplotree is the family tree-like organization of all identified haplogroups, with parent and child haplogroups.
As mentioned before, haplogroups consist of men who share the same set of named SNPs. The exact individuals who first acquired and passed on these SNPs to their descendants are largely unknown, but men with the same set of variations are paternally related. Due to the stability of SNPs, these haplogroups extend back thousands of generations to the "Y-DNA Adam," who lived in Africa approximately 250,000 years ago. While this fact has been significant for scientists studying the migration of humanity across the globe, it has been less useful for genealogists. However, that is beginning to change. As more men undergo testing, the haplotree expands, and it can only grow towards the more recent past. Haplogroups that emerged in the recent past, for which records exist, are starting to become part of mankind's haplotree, such as I-FT238390. This type of test is starting to enhance genealogical research based on existing records.
Men who share a haplotree branch have a Most Recent Common {Paternal) Ancestor somewhere in their lineage. Ideally, there would be one SNP per haplogroup, but in practice, there is often not enough testing to differentiate closely related SNPs. Almost all haplogroups potentially include hundreds, and often thousands, of men. Therefore, using SNPs alone to answer the pressing question of "Who is my grandfather?" is unlikely. However, SNP testing can be valuable for determining who you are not related to. So, SNP testing can provide useful information for genealogy. SNPs are estimated to emerge within a lineage approximately every 80 years. By counting the number of private SNPs, you can estimate when the grandfathers, represented by the SNPs in the terminal haplogroup, lived. This ability to estimate the creation of SNPs and to visualize the relationships between haplogroups in a tree form is an invaluable tool for interpreting and investigating the list of STR matches provided by Y-DNA tests. It allows you to evaluate a Y-DNA match within a familiar ancestral tree structure.
FTDNA Whittaker Project: STR Study for Groups 4, 5, 6 and 8
The data used for this study is extracted from Groups 4, 5, 6, and 8, which are part of the "Whittaker Project" at Family Tree DNA. The data was extracted on November 17, 2022. You can find the current state of this data on the FamilyTreeDNA Whittaker Project website. These groups are all members of the estimated haplogroup I-M253 or a confirmed haplogroup that is a descendant of I-M253. I utilized this data in the clustering program available on the website Y STR Clustering and Dendrogram Drawing, which generated the dendrogram presented below. The program employs the STR (Short Tandem Repeat) data when forming these clusters. It was recently updated in April 2022, and one of the implemented innovations was the utilization of different mutation rates for each of the tested STR markers in cluster formation. For this study, only data from individuals who tested at 25 markers or more was used to obtain these results.
Upon creating the dendrogram, we promptly recognized that the program arranges the FTDNA Kit-IDs in descending order, with the most distantly related I-M253 Whitakers at the top and the more closely related ones towards the bottom. The scale of distance is measured in generations. If you wish to convert this scale into years, you can use an estimate of 3 generations per century.
|
| Fig 1: Y STR Dendrogram for all I-M253 data at the Whittaker Project at FTDNA |
|
| Fig 2: Y STR Dendrogram for Modified sample of Group 5 at the Whittaker Project at FTDNA |
The clustering program appears to have generated four main groups of testers. In this study, the last group is identified as Group 5 based on the FTDNA data, and it mainly consists of descendants of William Whitaker (abt. 1701 - aft. 1760). Group 5 is the primary focus of this analysis.
- The first group, consisting of Kit IDs B37918 through 892585, comprises Whitakers who are connected to the rest of the group at a little under 75 generations, or approximately 2,500 years ago. I have conducted minimal research on this group, which corresponds to Groups 6 and 8 in the FTDNA's Whittaker Project data used. It is worth noting that one member of this group has confirmed the SNP haplogroup I-F2642, supporting the conclusion that the Whitakers in this group do not share a recent lineage connection with the Whitakers in Group 5, which is the primary focus of this study.
- The second group, consisting of Kit IDs 910096 through 862289, connects at approximately 70 generations, or about 2,300 years ago. This group exclusively consists of members from Group 4 in the Whittaker Project. As shown in the table of additional data for each Kit ID provided below, I have been able to identify the names and family trees for four of these Kit IDs. These individuals all descend from either John "Peg-Leg" Whitaker (1759-1837) or his brother Mark Whitaker (abt.1726-aft.1787). Mark Whitaker married into the Boone Family, known for Daniel Boone. These two men are significant to the Whitakers in Group 5 since, at least since the 1990s, they have been believed to be grandsons of William Whitaker (abt.1701-aft. 1760) through his son Marcus Whitaker (abt.1726-aft.1787)[1] [2]. Additionally, Tester 349863 has confirmed his terminal haplogroup as I-FT260635, which is distantly related to the confirmed haplogroups found in Group 5 (such as I-FGC21748 at Haplogroup I-DF29). This further supports the conclusion that this group of Whitakers is very distantly related to the members of Group 5 since this haplogroup aligns with the haplogroups of Group 5 around 4,000 years ago.
The bottom line is that the claim that the descendants of John "Peg-Leg" Whitaker (1759-1837) or his brother Mark Whitaker (abt. 1726-aft. 1787) are also descendants of William Whitaker (abt. 1701-aft. 1760) is demonstrably false. - The third group consists of a single Kit ID, B518833. The tester connects to the remaining testers at approximately 50 generations. This individual is included in the data because they share the same confirmed SNP haplogroup, I-257951, with Kit ID 976420, who is part of the next grouping of Kit IDs. However, the tester in question does not carry the Whitaker surname. The sharing of this haplogroup appears to be due to insufficient data to distinguish between these two Kit IDs using SNPs. We will be disregarding this group and Kit ID for the remainder of the discussion.
- The final group consists entirely of members from Group 5 of FTDNA's Whittaker Project, excluding Kit ID B518833. A separate and independent analysis was conducted using only the Kit IDs within this subset, focusing solely on the STR values of these descendants. The Kit IDs of these descendants range from 525479 to 417032. The members of this group are interconnected at approximately Generation 23, linking them to the previously described group, which occurred around 800 years ago. Referring to Figure 2, it is evident that there are two subgroups within this dataset.
- This subgroup, Kit-ids 525479 through B71828 looks like a broad collection of tests that range over the child groups of the Haplogroup I-FGC21748. However, Kit-Id 976420 deserves special consideration. This man descends from John Whitaker (abt.1732-abt.1785), who's descendants have been co-mingled with descendants of William Whitaker (abt.1701-aft. 1760) in the Cookeville/Dry Valley/Monterey area of Tennessee since the about 1820's. More testers from this man's direct male descendants may help us better understand the full nature of the relationship of this family with the family of William Whitaker (abt.1701-aft. 1760). It is also important to note that many members of this Whitaker Family moved to Alabama sometime between 1850 and 1870, becoming important members of the Madison County, Alabama community. They are featured in the Genealogical book Keel - Whitaker. In light of the Y-DNA result outlined above, some of the conclusions of this book may need to re-evaluated.
- This subgroup, 984214 through 417032, looks like it is composed mostly of members of the confirmed SNP haplogroup I-FT238390. Those descendants with that confirmed Terminal Haplogroup are highlighted in Figure 1. Also, when you look at most of the trees of many of these men, we are told and/or shown, that they are descendants of William Whitaker (abt.1701-aft. 1760). On this point, the Kit-IDs, 12209 shows that he has descended from [[Whitaker-206|William Whitaker]. He wrote a book. The Kit-ID 372328's tree shows that most of his known grandfathers lived in Georgia.
The Kit-id B71828 took a Big-Y test, and so we know that he is NOT a not a direct descendant of William Whitaker. He does not share the SNP's that define I-FT23390, and so was placed in the parent Haplogroup I-FT258062, which in this case, is serving as a holding haplogroup for this test. It is waiting for a second test that will match to one of it's Private Variants and so defining another child Haplogroup. Base on the STR results, and the clustering used for chart, he looks to be descendant from a grandfather who is closely related to William Whitaker, perhaps one of his man's siblings or uncles.
We conclude that Kit-IDs '12209, 372328 are better placed in the group described below. The program was not able to do this because of lack of data, they only had 25 or 37 STR markers available for the analysis. Kit-ID B71828" looks to be classified correctly, based on both the lack of SNP markers that are common to all Big-Y testers in the second group, and the knowledge that 111 STR markers were available for the classification program to use. We also suspect that this descendant has a MRCA to a member of the extended family of William Whitaker.
Finally, looking at the members and trees of the Kit-IDs of the second subgroup, it seems clear that they are probably all descendants of William Whitaker (Abt. 1701 - Aft. 1760). In addition, there may to be two more subgroups which I will described below. In these description, I will be included the two Kit-Ids mentioned above who were identified as likely direct descendants of this William. Most of these descendants seem to have roots that point to Georgia in some way.- Kit-Ids 12209 and 984218, and possible others in this overall group are descendants of William's from sons that do not have a known Georgia connection. In other words, they could descend from William Mark Whitaker Jr (1732-abt.1802), Peter Whitaker (1733-1815) or Joshua Whitaker Sr (1735-1798). Kit-Ids, 984214 and 12209 are well documented and known to descend from Joshua Whitaker Sr (1735-1798).
- All other Kit-IDs, where we have a family tree, are testers that have a Georgia connection. Also, based on the how tight some of these cluster seems to be, it is probable that they descend from a single grandson of William Whitaker. The remaining grandson's both have this connection to Georgia. Of course, this may only be an effect of the unbalanced nature of the data in the two groups. There are more datapoints in the second set. Of the two possible sons of William who are said to have gone to Georgia, Samuel Whitaker (1731-) or Marcus Whitaker (abt.1726-aft.1787), Marcus looks like the best possible person for this role of Father, because of the number of records that mention "Samuel Whitaker" vs "Mark Whitaker", and the biography of William Whitaker (1760-abt.1838). He states that he served in Georgia during the Revolutionary War in the same part of Georgia Mark moved his family to three years before the war began, and a decade later he went to South Carolina, where we know Mark lived, at about the time Mark Whitaker and Tabitha where there.
- Just a final note of caution. Please do not read into the above interpretation of this chart more than what can be said. Individual Kit-IDs can, and some are, not classified correctly, because of the random nature of the STR mutations. For example, we know that Kit-Ids 958940, 641878 and 906591 may all be 5th cousins through William Whitaker (1760-abt.1838) (see the section below), and a suspected son to Marcus Whitaker (abt.1726-aft.1787). These Kit-id is better placed in the final subgroup described above.
In the table below more complete data is presented for all Kit-Ids in Groups 4 and 5. I have anonymized the names of the testers, for those that have profiles in Wikitree and are living.
FTDNA Whittaker Project: SNP Results for Group 5
A number of Whitakers took the Big Y-700 Y-DNA test at Family Tree DNA. Some of their family tree has also been added to Wikitree and this information has been added to the SNP part of the test in the table presented below. This table currently shows that the men who are FTDNA kit Id's 641878, 906591, 958940, 407032, 984214 are all probable or known descendants of a single man who is thought to be an ancestor to William Whitaker (abt.1701-aft. 1760). From the Discover+ page for I-FT258062, we read this:
- The I-FT258062 Story
- I-FT258062's paternal line was formed when it branched off from the ancestor I-FGC21748 and the rest of mankind around 1300 CE.
- The man who is the most recent common ancestor of this line is estimated to have been born around 1350 CE.
- He is the ancestor of at least 4 descendant lineages known as I-FT238390, I-Y257951 and 2 yet unnamed lineages.
- There are 9 DNA tested descendants, and they specified that their earliest known origins are from England, United States and Ireland with 1 from unknown countries.
- The exact number of generations between I-FGC21748 and I-FT258062 is unknown.
| Parent Haplogroup | I-FT258062 | |||||||||||
| Terminal Haplogroup | I-FT238390 | I-Y257951 | Unknown | |||||||||
| FTDNA Kit ID | 641878 | 906591 | 958940 | 407032 | 984214 | 976420 | B71828 | |||||
| 6th great-grandfather | William Whitaker (abt.1701-aft. 1760) | Unknown | Unknown | |||||||||
| 5th great-grandfather | Marcus Whitaker (abt.1726-aft.1787) or Samuel Whitaker (1731-) | Joshua Whitaker Sr (1735-1798) | John Whitaker (abt.1732-abt.1785) | Unknown | ||||||||
| 4th great-grandfather | William Whitaker (1760-abt.1838) | Samuel Whitaker (bef.1753-abt.1802) | William Whitaker (1772-1860) | John Whitaker Jr. (abt.1755-abt.1837) | Unknown | |||||||
| Father | Watford Clifford Whitaker (1916-1994) | Ralph Richmond Anderson (1922-2004) | David Whitaker | Ira Clifton Whitaker (1911-1987) | Reed Lamar Whitaker (1926-1991) | Nelson Alfred Whitaker (1919-1996) | Robert John Whittaker (1920 - 2013) | |||||
| Private Variates | 3 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 5 | |||||
| Haplogroup Name | Haplogroup Type | Named SNP | SNP Reference | SNP Genotype | SNP Position | Test Results (TP=Tested Pos, PN=Presumed Neg) | ||||||
| I-FT258062 | Parent | FT258062 | C | T | 10883807 | TP | TP | TP | TP | TP | TP | TP |
| I-FT238390 | Child | FT238390 | G | C | 3695449 | TP | TP | TP | TP | TP | PN | PN |
| FTC2083 | T | C | 3543781 | TP | TP | TP | TP | TP | PN | PN | ||
| I-Y257951 | Child | Y257951 | A | G | 17311871 | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | TP | PN |
When you look at this table, keep in mind that the testers are thought to be related in this way:
- FTDNA Kit Number 641878, 906591 and 958940 are most likely fifth cousins, where the MRCA (Most Recent Common Ancestor) is William Whitaker (1760-abt.1838). See the discussion Identifying the lineage of William Whitaker (1760-abt.1838) below.
- FTDNA Kit ID 407032 descends from a old Georgia family. Our best guess is that this family descended from one of William Whitaker (1760-abt.1838)'s Siblings, so the MRCA between him and the three fifth Cousins above would be William's most likely father, Marcus Whitaker (abt.1726-aft.1787) or Samuel Whitaker (1731-).
- FTDNA Kit ID 984214 descends from a well documented Whitaker Family, James Whitaker Sr. (1805-1892). This James was the convert to LDS that initiated the first tally of William Whitaker (abt 1701 - Aft 1760)'s family. The MRCA of this tester to the previous four Testers above is, in fact, William Whitaker (abt 1701 - Aft 1760).
- FTDNA Kit ID 976420 is not a member of the William Whitaker (1701) family. His MRCA with the previous five Testers in the table is unknown, but could be an ancestor to Joshua Whitaker Sr (1675-1719).
- FTDNA Kit ID B71828 is also not a member of the William Whitaker (1701) family. His MRCA with the previous six testers in the table is unknown. This man is also a STR match at 111 markers to both Kit ID 976420 and Kit ID 641878, at about the same distance. The fact that his STR distance is close enough to be seen by with both lineages probably means this FTDNA member descends from a relatively close genetic relative to Joshua Whitaker Sr (1675-1719).
When we see these relationships, it looks at though the Haplogroup I-FT238390 is an important Haplogroup for this family. Without a doubt, the two SNP's that define this Haplogroup are a binding set of SNP's for this family. We have not discovered the full limits of this group, however. It is possible, with more testing, that a Haplogroup formed by removing one of the two SNP's currently identifying the I-FT238390 Haplogroup will be created. If and when this is formed, a new parent or child of I-FT238390 will be created, with the appropriate reshuffling of the members of these haplogroups. If and when this Haplogroup is defined, we may be able to eventually link a named MRCA as the progenitor of one or both of the SNP's that binds the descendants of William Whitaker together.
Identifying the lineage of William Whitaker (1760-abt.1838)
Of particular interest in the tables above are the SNP and STR patterns for the three men Michael Whitaker, Living Whitaker (958940) and Living Anderson (906591). When you look at their lineage trees on Wikitree, you will see that they all seem to descend from a father who has never been identified previously in an official record. Using traditional record based geneological methods we find that the three ggg-grandfathers for these three FTDNA testers are John Whitaker (abt.1790-abt.1838), who was born in North Carolina, David Eugene Whitaker (abt.1793-1854) who was also born in North Carolina and William Whitaker (abt.1795-1881), who was born in either South Carolina or Kentucky. The earliest records for each of these grandfathers were in 1816 in Columbine County, Kentucky for John Whitaker and White County, Tennessee for David and William Whitaker. Also, John Whitaker has been shown to be a son of William Whitaker (1760-abt.1838) in an accepted application for the DAR in 2010. Finally, we note that all three of the FTDNA testers carry the same identifing SNPs needed to place them into the Haplogroup I-FT238390. Unfortunately, this Haplogroup spans at least three generation of Whitakers, beginning with William Whitaker (abt.1701-aft.1760) and ending with the three testers who are the focus of this section. We are not able to reasonable identify, based only on SPNs alone, if the common grandfather of these three men, when taken as pairs, is in fact a the same person. That ggg-grandfather could be closely related family members, like a brother or first cousin. We need to look at different data than SNPs to know the likely gggg-grandfather(s) of our three testers.
Before we begin, note that the STR pattern of these three testers place them in among the Georgia group that was described above in the section. Of course, this grouping may be an artifact of the number of men with Georgia roots who in fact tested compared to men from the other branches of the William Whitaker (abt.1701-aft.1760) Family.
When you read the Biography of William Whitaker (1760-abt.1838), which is based on his Revolutionary War Pension sworn disposition, It befomes clear that William fullfills the role of father of then three ggg-grandfathers for all three men in question, making them brothers.
- He was living in Georgia during the American Revolution, and since he was 16 in 1776, so was his family.
- He was living in North Carolina between 1782 and 1793, when and where we believe we married Rachel Whitaker. this is also where John and David say they where born.
- He moved to Lancaster County, South Carolina for a few years in about 1791 or 1792. South Carolina was where William Whitaker (abt.1795-1881) said he was born, and William's possible father, Marcus Whitaker (abt.1726-aft.1787), was last seen.
- He moved to Kentucky, eventually to Columbine County, by about 1796, and lived there for a bit over a decade. Two decades later, this is where John married and started his family.
- He moved to White County, Tennessee in about 1810, and stayed there for about two decades. This is where David and William married, and started their families.
- Finally, I have found no other child or grandchild of William Whitaker (abt.1701-aft.1760) that has a migration pattern that covers so many facts that intrgrate the lives of these three men or even a son or grandson of William (1701) who was in both Kentucky or Tennessee other that William (1760). We know that some son or grandson of William Whitaker (1701) needed to have settled in Tennessee for a while, because of the number of descendants that can trace their lineage back to White County, Tennessee in the early 1800's. And it is unlikely that the Y-DNA similarity is coming from a brother or Uncle of that William, because of the number of auDNA matches we have found between descendants of John Whitaker and the White County Whitakers. So far, William Whitaker (1760-abt.1838) is the only grandson of William Whitaker (abt.1701-aft.1760) who fulfills this Tennessee requirement.
It is clear, William Whitaker (1760-abt.1838) was most likely the father to John Whitaker (abt.1790-abt.1838), David Eugene Whitaker (abt.1793-1854) and William Whitaker (abt.1795-1881)
A Y-DNA STR Mutation History Tree for the Group 5 Members of the FTDNA Whittaker Surname Project
In July, 2024, a mutation history tree was generated using the SNP, STR and genological data of the members of Group 5 of the Family Tree DNA Whittaker Project. The genological data comes from independent research of Mike Whitaker on many of the members of group 5. The tree was create using the program SAPP - Still Another Phylogeny Program. A one-page explaniation of these results can be found here: One-page explanation of the SAPP output tree. The results of this analysis is presented below, where the FTDNA kit numbers are used to identify the members of the group.
|
| Y-DNA STR Mutation Tree for Group 5, FTDNA Whittaker Project |
For those who are interested in modifing the parameters of the anaysis, the full input file used to create this tree can be found at the end of this section.
Discussion
The best explaniation of what a STR mutation history tree is was given in the chapter discussing the creation and interpretation of these trees in the book The Genealogist's Guide to Y-DNA Testing for Genetic Genealogy: Second Edition by David Vance. I am reproducing his explantion in it entirety below:
A mutation history tree works by determining the likely haplogroup of the common ancestor (in Chapter 5 we talked about both the ancestral haplotype and the modal haplotype) and the most likely series of STR mutations which occurred in the descendant branches to arrive at the haplotypes of the present-day members of the group. It can be done solely using STRs without any other sources of information but is even more effective when applied to a group in tandem with SNP and genealogy information
I you need a refreasher on the terms used in this explanation, read the introduction to this webpage here: https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:DNA_Study_of_William_Whitaker_%28abt.1701-abt.1789%29#Introduction_2
When you look at the resulting tree, know that the SNP data is used to identfy those nodes that lived well before 1700. The STR data is used to identify those nodes where the SNP data has lost it's distrimination, and overlaps with the SNP data. This also brings the tree into the 1800's and 1900's. Finally, the geneological data is used to fully identify those nodes where it can, and to improve destrimination of the tree from the 1800's to present day.
When I added the Geneological Data, I added it as if I had full confidence these were in fact MRCA's for the group's members. This is a an over statement in some cases, and I identify these grandfathers with the qualifer of "Possible" (Pos). They are my best guess, based on what I have discovered about this family so far. The one issue I noticed when you add uncertainty in your Geneological data when used in the SAPP program is that more nodes then desired are introduced, making the tree more complicated, and less understandable.
Having said all this, we can now walk through the tree, from the oldest node to the group's members. During this description I hope to discribe the nodes and explain how to interpret the nodes we find on the tree, as well as the novel geneological "facts" that are included in this tree.
- FGC21748: We begin with the node labeled with the SNP FGC21748. FTDNA esimates that this man lived in about 1250 AD, SAPP esitmates about 700 AD. In both cases, we know this grandfather lived well before records, so are ability to identify him is extremely unlikely. We can say that he lived well before surnames became a way to identify families, which bagen for the English in the 1500's. Two child SNPs have been identified for this SNP, BY78523 and FT258062.
- BY78523: This branch was created from the SNP BY78523, which was created sometime after FGC2148. There are three members of Group 5 on this node, none of them Whitakers. It was probubly formed before the 1500's, which most historians say was when surnames became a common family identifier for the English. The SNP could have been formed before or after the STR branch for member 288259. This member only tested 37 STR markers, so an upgrade may better identify when he branched off the primary SNP lineage of the branch for member B642174, who did take the Big-Y 700 test giving us this SNP.
This branch, gives us the opertunity to see how the SAPP program uses STR data to form the subtree below this node.
Notice that the program identifies common and different STR states for every member in the group and works these difference back to each node it initially creates. It assumes that theses differences happen only once. It then does the analysis of the Members STR profiles with the SNP and Geneological information in mind, to identify the most likely intial state these member's ancestors share. This is attached to the top most mode, FGC21748 (or creates a topmode node if a SNP node is not available). After the inital state is estimated, the required varialtions needed to reproduce the STR pattern for each member in that branch is identified, again within the SNP and Genological data if that is also present. Each set of required modifications are then used as a Node in the tree.
So, in this subtree, when the node identified with the SNP BY78523 was created, two mutations where also identified, namely 385a going from 14 to 13 repeats (385a=14->13), and 448 going from 19 to 20 repeats(448=19->20. Then, Node #32 is formed by having the STR 458 go from 15 to 16 repeats(458=19->20), and 446 go from 12 to 13 repeats(446=12->13). The two members below this node have their tested STR profile at this point. In the Reason, found below each node, the program explains this with the "Following Signiture: ..." reason. - FT258062: This is the second node coming from FGC2148. It contains all of the pembers who user the surname "Whitaker" (or one of it;s speeling varations) and are members of the Whittaker Project. The unknown Grandfather who created this SNP lived sometime between 1100 AD and 1300 AD, again well before the use of surnames. This node represents a significant spliting of this branch of the Whitaker in group 5. These are Node #43 and Node #31.
- Node #31: There are 6 members of the Project in this branch of the tree, all but one are Whitakers. In addition, all five members took the Big-Y 700 Y-DNA test, so the STR mutations are the best available within the SNP branches that exist. The non-Whitaker share the SNP Y257951 with two Whitakers, who are on one more SNP branch below this node, in a a Haplogroup with four SNP's. We are using the namesake SNP to identify this node, FTC44757. This node is also being used as the MRCA of the three member on this branch, who we have identidified as John Whitaker III (1783-abt.1867). whose family crossed paths with some of the Whitakers in the other branch to FT258062 during the 1800's in and aroung Cookeville, Tennessee. The remaining two members on this branch do not share Y257951 or FTC44757, but look to be close to the remaining members based on the STR mutation pattern that has been developed. Because we are working with a 838 STR pattern to get this mutation pattern, our confidence is high that it is accuate.
- Nodes #43 and #42: This branch contains the remainder of the members, and is the branch we have the best family history for the members it contains. Node #43 represents the father or a grandather of William Whitaker (abt.1701-aft.1760) who is on Node #42. Node #43 may be Jacob Whitaker, who is said to be William's father. The two SNP's FTC238390 and FTC2083. which is the current makeup of the SNP haplogroup I-FTC238390, is a Terminal Haplogroup of 7 of 14 members that are attached to node #42. Although this is not definitive proof, it strongly implies that these 7 member are all direct descendents of William Whitaker. We do know that William was also a member of this Haplogroup, as were his two son's, Joshua and Marcus (or Samuel), since the same SNP's where passed on to the descendents of these two son's. It must be true that both of these SNP's were passed on to William by his father when he was born in about 1705. We do not know if William's father also had these snp's. The only way tyo discover this fact would be to identify someone with one or both or these SNP's in a descendent of William's father, but not a descendet of William. According to family history, William had two brouthers, Peter and Robert. Sadly, as of Aug 2024, there has been no supporting Y-DNA evedence that they, as biological brothers, ever existed. There has been no Y-DNA Testee of a well documented descendent, or even one who thinks they descend from one of these two mem, who also has the FTC23390 or FTC2083 SNP marker.
This ends the development of the tree using SNP's. From this point forward, STR mutations will be used to justifing the placement of the nodes with some family history helping this process. Two branches come from William Whitaker's node, Node #31, Pos. Mark Whitaker and Node #21 Joshua Whitaker Sr. - Joshua Whitaker Sr: Joshua Whitaker Sr. (1735-1798) was the youngest son of William Whitaker (abt.1701-aft.1760) and Elizabeth (Carleton) Whitaker (1701-aft.1760), and is one of the more well documented members of that family. There are two members of Group 5 who descend, with unassailable liniage, from this Johua. One member comes from the family of that converted to the LDS faith, James Whitaker Sr. (1805-1892), and was the reason for the initial family history in the 1870's. The other member descends from Henry Whitaker (1811-1883), a brother to James, and was the person who first gathered Ancestor information about their family at the request of James. This member is also a geneologist in his own right.
- Marcus Whitaker: Marcus Whitaker (abt.1726-aft.1787) is the oldest son of William Whitaker (abt.1701-aft.1760) and Elizabeth (Carleton) Whitaker (1701-aft.1760). In the Mutation Tree, I have put Marcus as the ancestor of the remainder of the members of Group 5. This may not be correct, or may be a simplification of the tree below. The other son that is a possible node at this point is Samuel Whitaker (1731-). Read the profiles of both men for an explaination of why Marcus is prefered over Samuel. Breifly, we can only find records for a Mark Whitaker, but none for a Sam Whitaker in Geogia, who is clearly of the correct generation to be this father.
Little is known of the family of Marcus, and there is misinformation about this family as well. It is believed that it was this Mark Whitaker who bought land in and around the Broad and Savannah Rivers in Georgia in 1773, in the so called "Ceded Lands". At that time, he reported a family of 4 sons and 3 daughters. It is from of a number of connections to Geogia, using present day records. All of the members in this branch have ancestores with ties to Georgia in the late 1700's and early 1800's. However, we have not been able to find any direct evedence of any father/son connections to the three identified men to Marcus, or any other person for that matter. However, there is little doubt that these members are related to each other through some common ancestor who lived during this period.
Using available records, and supporting DNA matches, we think we have been able to identify 3 of the four son's of this Marcus Whitaker, William Whitaker (1760-aft.1838), Samuel Whitaker (abt.1756-abt.1802) and Joshua Whitaker Sr (aft.1761-abt.1825), which we will be talking about below.
There is one member, who has roots in Lancaster County, South Corolina, who may be attached to this Marcus directly. He may be a descendents of the fourth Son. There is reason to believe that Marcus died in that county and state.
We note at this point that none of the descendents of John J Whitaker (1760-1837) or Mark Whitaker (1750-1842), who has been said to be his children, are in this tree. Those descendents you have taken a Y-DNA test with FTDNA and have joined the Whittaker Project are in Group 4, and so can not possibly be descendents of William Whitaker (abt.1701-aft.1760). - William Whitaker: William Whitaker (1760-aft.1838) was a Revolutionary War Patriot who served in the Broad River area of Georgia from 1776 to about 1779. Because he served in the same area as we think where Marcus Whitaker (abt.1726-aft.1787) bought his farm 3 years earlier in 1773, we feel he is likely related to Marcus's as one of his four son's. The document that was submited in 1833 as an application for a penion given to all War Veterans tells us that after the War, he went from Georgia, to North Carolina near where William Whitaker (abt.1701-aft.1760) settled , to the Yakin River, in NC, near where William Whitaker Jr (1732-bef.1802) settled, to South Carolina where Marcus Whitaker (abt.1726-aft.1787) eventually settled befor he died, to Kentucky, where he bought land on the Comberland River, to White County, Tennessee, where he stayed the longest, and finially back to Kentuky, where we think he died in 1838. We have identified three likely son's of William, John Whitaker (abt.1790-abt.1838), David Whitaker (abt.1793-1854) and William Whitaker (abt.1795-1881), who are also the ancestors to four Members of the Whittaker Project. They are who are attached to William in the tree because of this fact.
- Samuel Whitaker: Samuel Whitaker (abt.1756-abt.1802) is thought to be the oldest son of Marcus Whitaker (abt.1726-aft.1787). This idea comes from the fact that both a Mark and Samuel Whitaker attached their names to a published support of the English Crown in a Georgia Newspaper in 1774. Samuel is traditionally thought to be this Mark's older brother, but, with the knowledge that this Mark had four son's, where one could be 16 in about 1772, this Samuel could be this oldest child. He would have been about 18 at the time the newspaper's opinion was written.
We also believe that this Samuel Whitaker is the one who married Mary (Graves) Whitaker (abt.1764-abt.1809). Mary Graves is a daughter James Graves (1730-aft.1796). Some researchers believe that Samuel was marrred to a person named Keziah, surname unknown. The best evidence I have found for this was an note in the profile to a Samuel Whitaker is the correct node location within the Ancestry Family tree of JeanWard892, who has done extentive research on Samuel. It has the death date of both that Samuel and his wife Keziah comming from a Bible entry of a bible owned by the family of Mark Jones Whitaker (1812-1904). However, we think this is another Samuel Whitaker. When we look at Ancestry DNA matches of descendents of this Samuel, we find a number of matches to descendents of the James Graves through one of Mary's siblings, suggesting that Mary Graves is in fact the correct grandmother.
There are three members I have attached to this node, two through Mark Whitaker (abt.1783-abt.1860), who would be a son of Samuel. - Joshua Whitaker Sr.: Joshua Whitaker Sr (aft.1761-abt.1825) is a possable son to Marcus Whitaker. There is very little information on his family, and so the attachments of Joshua Whitaker (abt.1783-abt.1852) as his namesake son should be taken with a bit of salt. If you want, you can think of him a a bridge between the younger Joshua and Marcus Whitaker, Joshua's liekly grandfather, There is ample evedence that there was a Senior Joshua living in Georgia, and near the younger one, we just do not know the relationship.
We have attached five members of Group 5 to this Joshua Senior. Two of them have been attached to a joint family tree found in Wikitree with the common ancestor Joshua Whitaker (abt.1783-abt.1852). Because of the many records we can find that have two Joshua Whitaker's involved, we feel this Joshua is the son of Josuha Senior. The other three have been attached to the family tree found in Wikitree with the common ancestor William Whitaker (1788-1842). Two if these also have the common ancestor Lawson Monk Whitaker (1873-1939), who was the great-granson of William Whitaker (1788-1842).
Attaching William as the son of Joshua Senior is a bit more problimatic. Most researchers have him as the son of Samuel Whitaker (abt.1756-abt.1802), but we have rejected this fact, because we have come to the opinion that Samuel only had three children based on a discoveries from a study behind the story of https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Whitaker-7606, who changed his name to William Franklin Ford.
The Input File used the create the Mutation tree
- Input file for the Y-DNA STR Mutation Tree for Group 5 of FTDNA Whittaker Project
- Aug 2024 Mike Whitaker
- STRData is the only Require section. It begins with the Member's Kit ID with the STR data following. LineBreaks seperate the members data
/STRDATA IN110359 13 23 14 10 13 14 11 14 11 12 11 28 16 8 9 8 11 23 16 20 28 12 13 15 16 10 10 19 21 14 14 17 23 35 37 12 10 11 8 15 15 8 11 10 8 9 10 12 23 24 15 10 12 12 16 8 13 25 20 13 13 11 12 11 11 12 11 30 12 8 17 11 24 27 20 11 12 12 13 11 9 13 11 10 12 13 31 11 13 22 16 11 10 31 15 17 11 24 17 12 15 26 12 22 18 12 14 19 9 12 11 638150 13 23 14 10 14 14 11 14 11 12 11 28 15 8 9 8 11 22 16 19 28 12 13 15 16 10 10 19 21 14 14 17 22 35 37 12 10 11199 13 23 14 10 14 14 11 14 11 12 11 28 15 8 9 8 11 23 16 19 28 12 13 15 15 16 106087 13 23 14 10 14 14 11 14 11 12 11 28 15 8 9 8 11 23 16 19 28 12 13 15 16 10 10 19 21 14 14 17 22 35 37 12 10 125712 13 23 14 10 14 14 11 14 11 12 11 28 15 8 9 8 11 23 16 19 28 12 13 15 16 10 10 19 21 14 14 17 22 35 37 12 10 11 8 15 15 8 11 10 8 9 10 12 23 24 15 10 12 12 16 8 13 25 20 12 13 11 12 11 11 12 11 253480 13 23 14 10 14 14 11 14 11 12 11 28 15 8 9 8 11 23 16 19 28 12 13 15 16 10 10 19 21 14 14 17 23 35 37 12 10
407032 13 23 14 10 14 14 11 14 11 12 11 28 15 8 9 8 11 23 16 19 28 12 13 15 16 10 10 19 21 14 14 17 23 35 37 12 10 11 8 15 15 8 11 10 8 9 10 12 23 24 15 10 12 12 16 8 13 25 20 12 13 11 12 11 11 12 11 30 12 8 17 11 24 27 20 11 12 12 13 11 9 13 11 10 12 13 31 11 13 22 16 11 10 25 15 17 11 24 17 13 15 26 12 22 18 12 14 19 9 12 11 5 4 4 4 7 5 4 10 12 4 4 5 4 9 4 4 6 6 4 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 6 5 7 4 5 4 4 5 6 4 4 6 5 4 4 4 6 10 4 4 8 6 5 4 5 8 5 8 5 10 7 7 8 7 5 5 5 11 4 4 8 5 5 6 11 5 10 5 5 5 5 7 6 6 6 7 5 6 12 4 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 8 8 6 5 6 6 9 5 4 4 5 5 8 5 5 5 4 5 8 4 4 4 4 8 5 6 6 4 4 4 5 11 4 6 6 6 4 4 4 4 5 6 6 4 10 4 10 13 4 5 5 8 6 10 6 5 11 5 6 6 5 8 4 4 4 6 4 4 5 11 7 5 9 5 5 4 10 8 6 10 10 5 4 4 5 5 8 4 6 7 10 4 6 4 10 12 4 5 12 7 4 5 6 12 8 N 5 4 8 5 5 5 N 12 10 6 6 6 8 4 6 4 7 4 7 5 8 5 6 5 7 4 11 5 6 4 5 5 4 4 4 7 5 4 7 6 5 6 9 5 5 6 9 8 6 6 6 4 4 6 4 9 14 9 6 6 4 6 5 5 5 4 4 5 14 5 13 4 5 8 6 13 9 7 5 5 6 12 4 6 8 6 14 4 5 6 5 5 6 5 5 5 5 8 9 11 6 4 9 11 7 4 11 4 5 9 10 9 11 9 5 4 14 5 9 15 5 4 7 7 12 11 10 4 9 5 4 6 5 4 4 9 4 6 4 7 5 8 5 4 8 13 11 4 7 6 8 8 4 7 5 10 5 6 4 6 11 5 4 6 4 10 6 6 4 11 7 6 14 4 11 13 N 9 5 5 9 4 4 9 9 4 8 5 12 5 12 4 12 4 11 4 5 5 4 5 5 5 9 10 6 5 5 11 4 5 7 4 11 5 4 4 12 4 5 12 N 11 8 6 11 5 8 10 5 7 4 7 6 9 5 14 8 8 4 13 8 4 4 11 4 14 8 9 5 6 4 N 4 N 12 7 12 4 6 20 9 4 N 5 7 5 N 5 5 4 4 12 10 6 6 4 6 24 5 5 6 9 7 10 4 4 17 6 N 6 7 5 5 4 N 12 6 5 10 6 5 9 5 4 11 6 9 N 4 4 12 5 13 14 13 6 11 5 8 4 5 11 11 4 11 5 6 N 4 5 5 6 N 5 8 6 4 8 6 8 6 11 13 4 9 7 8 N 5 5 N 9 4 8 25 8 N 4 9 11 8 5 N 4 N 14 13 10 13 5 7 9 7 15 4 9 4 4 7 7 14 11 15 4 5 6 9 6 5 9 15 5 N 4 13 7 5 N 4 16 14 10 5 9 11 4 4 4 11 N 11 4 8 6 11 6 11 4 13 5 13 5 5 6 7 13 16 5 N 4 7 5 4 10 4 6 5 4 5 4 15 7 N 7 6 N N 6 6 9 4 5 12 6 13 4 4 17 12 N 5 N 4 5 6 4 5 N 5 8 5 N 6 4 16 7 4 5 6 6 5 4 17 4 4 5 5 4 4 9 6 13 N 5 14 4 5 11 4 5 N 7 N 11 10 6 18 7 7 7 8 5 N 6 7 4 10 12 N N 11 7 5 5 8
1010257 13 23 14 10 14 14 11 14 11 12 11 28 15 8 9 8 11 23 16 19 28 12 13 15 16 10 10 19 21 14 14 17 23 35 37 12 10 11 8 15 15 8 11 10 8 9 10 12 23 24 15 10 12 12 16 8 13 25 20 12 13 11 12 11 11 12 11 30 12 8 17 11 24 27 20 11 12 12 13 11 9 13 11 10 12 13 31 11 13 22 16 11 10 27 15 17 11 24 17 13 15 26 12 22 18 12 14 18 9 12 11 5 4 4 4 7 5 4 10 12 4 4 5 4 9 4 4 6 6 4 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 6 5 7 4 5 4 4 5 6 4 4 6 5 4 4 4 6 10 4 4 8 6 5 4 5 8 5 8 5 10 7 7 8 7 5 5 5 11 4 4 8 5 5 6 11 5 10 5 5 5 5 7 6 6 6 7 5 6 12 4 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 8 8 6 5 6 6 9 5 4 4 5 5 8 5 5 5 4 5 8 4 4 4 4 8 5 6 6 4 4 4 5 11 4 6 6 6 4 4 4 4 5 6 6 4 10 4 10 13 4 5 5 8 N 10 6 N 11 5 6 6 5 8 4 4 4 6 4 4 5 11 7 5 9 5 5 4 10 8 6 10 10 5 4 4 5 5 8 4 6 7 10 4 6 4 10 12 4 5 12 7 4 5 6 12 8 N 5 4 8 5 5 5 10 12 10 6 6 6 8 4 6 4 7 4 7 5 8 5 6 5 7 4 11 5 6 4 5 5 4 4 4 7 5 4 7 6 5 6 9 5 5 6 9 8 6 6 6 4 4 6 4 9 14 9 6 6 4 6 5 5 5 4 4 5 14 5 13 4 5 8 6 13 9 7 5 5 6 12 4 6 8 6 14 4 5 6 5 5 6 5 5 5 5 8 9 11 6 4 9 11 7 4 11 4 5 9 10 9 11 9 5 N 14 5 9 15 5 4 7 7 12 11 10 4 9 5 4 6 5 4 4 9 4 6 4 7 5 8 5 4 8 13 11 4 7 6 8 8 4 7 5 10 5 6 4 6 11 5 4 6 4 10 N 6 4 11 7 6 14 4 11 13 10 9 5 5 9 4 4 9 9 4 8 5 12 5 12 4 12 4 11 4 5 5 4 5 5 5 9 10 6 5 5 11 4 5 7 4 11 5 4 4 12 4 5 12 4 11 8 6 11 5 8 10 5 7 4 7 N 9 5 14 8 8 4 13 8 4 4 11 4 14 8 9 5 6 4 14 4 10 12 7 12 4 6 20 9 4 10 5 7 5 N 5 N 4 4 N 10 6 6 4 6 24 N 5 6 9 7 10 4 4 17 6 10 6 7 5 5 4 12 12 6 5 10 6 5 9 5 4 11 N 9 N 4 4 12 5 13 14 13 6 11 5 8 4 5 11 11 4 11 5 6 5 4 5 5 6 N 5 8 6 4 8 6 8 6 10 13 4 9 7 8 N 5 5 N 9 4 8 25 8 N 4 9 11 8 5 5 4 11 14 13 10 13 5 7 9 7 15 4 9 4 4 N 7 N 11 N 4 5 6 9 6 5 9 15 5 18 4 13 7 5 8 4 16 N 10 5 9 11 4 4 4 11 N 11 4 8 6 11 6 11 4 13 N 13 5 5 6 7 13 N 5 10 4 7 N 4 10 4 6 5 4 5 4 N 7 N 7 6 N 7 6 6 9 4 5 12 6 13 4 4 17 12 N 5 9 4 N 6 4 5 N 5 8 5 12 6 4 16 7 4 5 6 6 5 4 17 4 4 5 5 4 4 N 6 13 N 5 14 4 5 11 4 5 5 7 11 11 10 6 19 N 7 7 8 5 N 6 7 4 10 12 8 7 11 7 5 5 8
12209 13 23 14 10 14 14 11 14 11 12 11 28 15 8 9 8 11 23 16 20 28 12 13 15 16 372328 13 23 14 10 14 14 11 14 11 12 11 28 15 8 9 8 11 23 16 20 28 12 13 15 16 10 10 19 21 14 14 17 23 35 37 12 10 288259 13 23 14 11 13 14 11 14 11 12 11 28 15 8 9 8 11 23 16 20 28 12 13 15 16 10 10 19 21 14 14 17 22 35 36 12 10 172494 14 23 14 10 14 14 11 14 11 12 11 28 15 8 9 8 11 23 16 19 29 12 13 15 16 10 10 19 21 14 14 17 23 35 37 12 10
525479 13 23 14 10 13 14 11 14 11 12 11 27 15 8 9 8 11 23 16 20 28 12 13 15 15 10 10 19 21 14 14 17 22 35 38 12 10 11 8 15 15 8 11 10 8 9 10 12 24 25 15 10 12 12 16 8 13 25 20 13 13 11 12 11 11 12 11 30 12 8 17 11 24 27 20 11 12 12 13 11 9 13 11 10 12 13 31 11 14 22 16 11 11 28 15 17 11 24 17 13 15 25 12 22 18 12 14 19 9 12 11 5 4 4 4 7 5 4 10 12 4 4 5 4 9 4 4 6 6 4 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 6 5 7 4 5 4 4 5 6 4 4 6 5 4 4 4 6 10 4 4 8 6 5 4 5 8 5 8 5 10 7 7 8 7 5 5 5 11 4 4 8 5 5 6 11 5 10 5 5 5 5 7 6 6 N 7 5 6 12 4 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 8 8 6 5 6 6 9 5 4 4 5 5 8 5 5 5 4 5 8 4 4 4 4 8 5 6 6 4 4 4 5 11 4 6 6 6 4 4 4 4 5 6 6 4 10 4 N 13 4 5 5 8 6 10 6 5 11 5 6 6 5 8 4 4 4 6 4 4 5 11 N 5 9 5 5 4 10 8 6 10 10 5 4 4 5 5 8 4 6 7 10 4 6 4 10 12 4 5 12 7 4 5 6 12 8 8 5 4 8 N 5 5 10 12 10 6 6 6 8 4 6 4 7 4 7 5 8 5 6 5 7 4 11 5 6 4 5 5 4 4 4 7 5 4 7 6 5 6 9 5 5 6 9 8 6 6 6 4 4 6 4 9 14 9 6 6 4 6 5 5 5 4 4 5 14 5 N 4 5 8 N 13 9 7 5 5 6 12 4 6 8 6 14 4 5 6 N 5 6 5 N 5 5 8 9 11 6 4 N 11 7 4 11 4 5 9 10 9 N 9 5 4 14 5 9 N 5 4 7 7 12 11 10 N N 5 4 6 5 4 4 9 4 6 4 7 5 8 5 4 8 13 11 4 7 6 N 8 4 7 5 10 5 6 4 6 N 5 4 N 4 N N 6 4 10 7 6 14 4 N 14 10 9 5 N N 4 4 9 9 4 8 5 N 5 12 4 12 4 11 4 5 5 4 5 5 5 9 10 6 5 5 11 4 5 7 4 11 5 4 4 N 4 5 11 4 11 8 6 11 5 8 10 5 7 4 7 6 9 5 N 8 8 4 13 8 4 4 N 4 N 8 8 5 6 4 14 4 10 12 7 12 4 6 N 9 4 10 5 7 N N 5 N 4 4 12 10 6 6 N 6 24 N 5 6 9 7 10 4 4 N 6 10 6 7 5 5 4 N 12 6 5 10 6 5 9 5 4 11 6 N N 4 4 12 5 13 14 13 N 11 5 8 4 5 11 11 4 11 5 6 5 4 5 5 6 N 5 N 6 4 N 6 8 6 N N 4 9 N 8 4 5 5 8 9 4 8 25 8 N 4 9 N 8 5 5 4 11 14 13 N 13 N 7 9 7 16 N 9 4 4 7 7 N 11 N 4 5 6 9 6 5 9 14 5 N 4 13 7 5 N 4 16 14 10 5 9 11 4 4 4 11 N 11 4 8 6 11 6 11 4 13 5 13 5 5 6 7 13 16 5 10 4 7 5 N 10 N 6 5 4 5 N 15 7 N 7 6 10 N 6 6 9 4 5 12 6 13 4 4 N 12 N 5 9 4 N N 4 5 4 N 8 5 12 6 4 16 7 4 5 6 6 5 4 17 4 4 N 5 4 4 9 6 N N 5 N 4 5 11 4 5 5 7 N 11 10 6 N 7 7 7 8 5 N 6 7 4 10 N 8 N 11 7 5 5 8
641878 13 23 14 10 14 14 11 14 11 12 11 28 15 8 9 8 11 23 16 19 28 12 13 15 16 10 10 19 21 14 14 17 23 35 37 12 10 11 8 15 15 8 11 10 8 9 10 12 22 23 15 10 12 12 16 8 13 25 20 12 13 11 12 11 11 12 11 30 12 8 17 11 24 27 20 11 12 12 13 11 9 13 11 10 12 13 31 11 13 22 16 11 10 27 15 17 11 24 17 13 15 26 12 22 18 12 14 19 9 12 11 5 4 4 4 7 5 4 10 12 4 4 5 4 9 4 4 6 6 4 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 6 5 7 4 5 4 4 5 6 4 4 6 5 4 4 4 6 10 4 4 8 6 5 4 5 8 5 8 5 10 7 7 8 7 5 5 5 11 4 4 8 5 5 6 11 5 10 5 5 5 5 7 6 6 6 7 5 6 12 4 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 8 8 6 5 6 6 9 5 4 4 5 5 8 5 5 5 4 5 8 4 4 4 4 8 5 6 6 4 4 4 5 11 4 6 6 6 4 4 4 4 5 6 6 4 10 4 10 13 4 5 5 8 6 10 6 5 11 5 6 6 5 8 4 4 4 6 4 4 5 11 7 5 9 5 5 4 10 8 6 10 10 5 4 4 5 5 8 4 6 7 10 4 6 4 10 12 4 5 12 7 4 5 6 12 8 8 5 4 8 5 5 5 10 12 10 6 6 6 8 4 6 4 7 4 7 5 8 5 6 5 7 4 11 5 6 4 5 5 4 4 4 7 5 4 7 6 5 6 9 5 5 6 9 8 6 6 6 4 4 6 4 9 14 9 6 6 4 6 5 5 5 4 4 5 14 5 13 4 N 8 6 13 9 7 5 5 6 12 4 6 8 6 14 4 5 6 5 5 6 5 5 5 5 8 9 11 N 4 9 11 7 4 11 4 5 9 10 9 11 9 5 4 14 5 9 15 5 4 7 7 12 11 10 4 9 5 4 6 5 4 4 9 4 6 4 7 5 8 5 4 8 13 11 4 7 6 8 8 4 7 5 10 5 6 4 6 11 5 4 6 4 10 6 6 4 11 7 6 14 4 11 13 10 9 5 5 9 4 4 9 9 4 N 5 12 5 12 4 12 4 11 4 5 5 4 5 5 5 9 10 6 5 5 11 4 5 7 4 11 5 N 4 12 4 5 12 4 11 8 6 11 5 8 10 N 7 4 7 6 9 5 14 8 8 4 13 8 4 4 11 4 14 8 9 5 6 4 N 4 10 12 7 12 4 6 21 9 4 10 5 7 5 N 5 5 4 4 12 10 6 6 N 6 24 5 5 6 9 7 10 4 4 17 6 10 6 7 5 5 4 12 N 6 5 10 6 5 9 5 4 11 6 9 6 4 4 12 5 13 14 13 6 11 5 8 4 5 11 11 4 12 5 6 5 4 5 5 6 N 5 8 6 4 8 N N 6 N 13 4 9 7 8 N 5 5 8 9 4 8 25 8 N 4 N 11 8 5 N 4 11 14 13 10 13 5 7 N 7 15 4 9 4 4 7 7 14 11 15 4 5 6 9 6 5 9 15 5 N 4 N 7 5 8 4 16 N 10 5 9 11 4 4 4 11 N 11 4 8 6 N 6 N 4 13 5 13 5 5 6 7 13 N 5 N 4 7 5 4 10 4 6 5 4 5 N N 7 N 7 6 10 N 6 6 9 4 5 12 6 13 4 4 17 12 N 5 N 4 N N 4 5 N 5 8 5 12 6 4 16 7 4 5 6 6 5 4 N 4 4 5 5 4 N 9 6 N N 5 14 N 5 11 4 5 5 N N 11 10 6 18 7 7 7 8 5 N 6 7 4 10 12 8 N 11 7 5 5 8
- YDNA0001 is not a member of the Whitaker Project, but he was included because he has the same STR pattern as 641878 for the first 37 markers and has a identified Y-DNA and a known and public profile in Wikitree, Whiteaker-227
YDNA001 13 23 14 10 14 14 11 14 11 12 11 28 15 8 9 8 11 23 16 19 28 12 13 15 16 10 10 19 21 14 14 17 23 35 37 12 10
MK86285 13 23 14 10 13 14 11 14 12 12 11 28 15 8 9 8 11 23 16 20 28 12 13 15 16 10 10 19 21 14 14 17 22 35 37 12 10
906591 13 23 14 10 14 14 11 14 11 12 11 28 15 8 9 8 11 23 16 19 28 12 13 15 16 10 10 19 21 14 14 17 23 35 37 12 10 11 8 15 15 8 11 10 8 9 10 12 23 24 15 10 12 12 16 8 13 25 20 12 13 11 12 11 11 12 11 30 12 8 17 11 24 27 20 11 12 12 13 11 9 13 11 10 12 13 31 11 13 22 16 11 10 29 15 17 11 24 17 13 15 26 12 22 19 12 14 19 9 12 11 5 4 4 4 7 5 4 10 12 4 4 5 4 9 4 4 6 6 4 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 6 5 7 4 5 4 4 5 6 4 4 6 5 4 4 4 6 10 4 4 8 6 5 4 5 8 5 8 5 10 7 7 8 7 5 5 5 11 4 4 8 5 5 6 11 5 10 5 5 5 5 7 6 6 6 7 5 6 12 4 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 8 8 6 5 6 6 9 5 4 4 5 5 8 5 5 5 4 5 8 4 4 4 4 8 5 6 6 4 4 4 5 N 4 6 6 6 4 4 4 4 5 6 6 4 10 4 10 13 4 5 5 8 6 10 6 5 11 5 6 6 5 8 4 4 4 6 4 4 5 11 7 5 9 5 5 4 10 8 6 10 10 5 4 4 5 5 8 4 6 7 10 4 6 4 10 12 4 N 12 7 4 5 6 12 8 N 5 4 8 5 5 5 10 12 10 6 6 6 8 4 6 4 7 4 7 5 8 5 6 5 7 4 11 5 6 4 5 5 4 4 4 7 5 4 7 6 5 6 9 5 5 6 9 8 6 6 6 4 4 6 4 9 15 9 6 6 4 6 5 5 5 4 4 5 14 5 13 4 5 8 6 13 9 7 5 5 6 12 4 6 8 6 14 4 5 6 5 5 6 5 N 5 5 8 9 11 6 4 N 11 7 4 11 4 5 9 10 9 11 9 5 4 14 5 9 N 5 4 7 7 12 11 10 4 9 5 4 6 5 4 4 9 4 6 4 7 N N 5 4 8 13 11 4 7 6 8 8 4 7 5 10 5 6 4 6 N 5 4 6 4 N N 6 4 11 7 6 14 4 11 N 10 9 5 5 N 4 4 9 N 4 8 5 N 5 12 4 12 4 11 4 5 5 4 5 5 5 9 10 6 5 5 11 4 5 7 4 11 5 4 4 12 4 5 12 4 11 8 6 11 5 8 10 5 7 4 7 6 9 5 N 8 8 4 13 8 4 4 N 4 N 8 N N 6 4 14 4 10 12 7 N 4 6 20 9 4 10 5 7 5 N 5 5 N 4 N 10 6 6 4 6 24 5 5 6 9 7 10 4 4 N 6 10 6 7 5 5 4 12 12 6 5 10 6 5 N 5 4 11 6 9 6 4 4 12 5 13 14 N 6 11 5 8 4 5 11 11 4 11 5 6 5 4 5 5 6 N 5 8 6 4 8 6 8 6 N 13 4 9 7 8 N 5 5 8 9 4 8 25 8 N 4 9 11 8 5 5 4 11 14 13 10 13 N 7 9 7 15 4 9 4 4 7 7 14 11 N 4 5 6 9 6 5 9 15 5 N 4 13 7 5 8 4 16 N 10 5 9 11 4 4 4 11 N 11 4 8 6 11 6 11 4 N 5 13 5 5 6 7 13 N 5 N 4 7 5 4 10 4 6 5 4 5 N N 7 8 7 6 10 N 6 6 9 4 5 12 6 13 4 4 17 12 N 5 N 4 N 6 4 5 N 5 N 5 12 6 4 16 7 4 5 6 6 5 4 17 4 N 5 5 4 N 9 6 13 N 5 14 4 5 11 4 5 5 N 11 N 10 6 N 7 7 7 8 5 N 6 7 4 10 12 N N 11 7 5 5 8
958940 13 23 14 10 14 14 11 14 11 13 11 29 15 8 9 8 11 23 16 19 28 12 13 15 16 10 10 19 21 14 14 17 22 35 37 12 10 11 8 15 15 8 11 10 8 9 10 12 23 24 15 10 12 12 16 8 13 25 20 12 13 11 12 11 11 12 11 30 12 8 17 11 24 27 20 11 12 12 13 11 9 13 11 10 12 13 31 11 13 22 16 11 10 27 15 17 11 24 17 13 15 26 12 22 18 12 14 19 9 12 11 5 4 4 4 7 5 4 10 12 4 4 5 4 9 4 4 N 6 4 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 6 5 7 4 5 4 4 5 6 4 4 6 5 4 4 4 6 10 4 4 8 6 5 4 5 8 5 8 5 10 7 7 8 7 5 5 5 11 4 4 8 5 5 6 11 5 10 5 5 5 5 7 6 6 6 7 5 6 12 4 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 8 8 6 5 6 6 9 5 4 4 5 5 8 5 5 5 4 5 8 4 4 4 4 8 5 6 6 4 4 4 5 11 4 6 6 6 4 4 4 4 5 6 6 4 10 4 10 13 4 5 5 8 6 10 6 5 11 5 6 6 5 8 4 4 4 6 4 4 5 11 7 5 9 N 5 4 10 8 6 10 10 5 4 4 5 5 8 4 6 7 N 4 6 4 10 12 4 5 12 7 4 5 6 12 8 N 5 4 8 5 5 5 10 12 10 6 6 6 8 4 6 4 7 4 7 5 8 5 6 5 7 4 11 5 6 4 5 5 4 4 4 7 5 4 7 6 5 6 9 5 5 6 9 8 6 6 6 4 4 6 4 9 14 9 6 6 4 6 5 5 5 4 4 5 14 5 13 4 5 8 6 13 9 7 5 5 6 12 4 6 8 6 14 4 5 6 5 5 6 5 5 5 5 8 9 11 6 4 9 11 7 4 11 4 5 9 10 9 11 9 5 4 14 5 9 15 5 4 7 7 12 11 10 4 9 5 4 6 5 4 4 9 4 6 4 7 5 8 5 4 8 13 11 4 7 6 8 8 4 7 5 10 5 6 4 6 11 5 4 6 4 10 6 6 4 11 7 6 14 N 11 13 10 10 5 5 9 4 4 9 9 4 8 N 12 5 12 4 12 4 11 4 5 5 4 5 5 5 9 10 6 5 5 11 4 5 7 4 11 5 4 4 12 4 5 12 4 11 8 6 11 5 8 10 5 7 4 7 6 9 5 14 8 8 4 13 8 4 4 11 4 14 8 9 5 6 4 N 4 10 12 7 12 4 6 20 9 4 10 5 7 5 N 5 5 4 4 12 10 6 6 N 6 24 5 5 6 9 7 10 4 4 17 N 10 6 7 5 5 4 12 12 6 5 10 6 5 9 5 4 11 6 9 6 4 4 12 5 13 14 13 6 11 5 8 4 5 11 11 4 11 5 6 5 4 5 5 6 4 5 8 6 4 8 6 8 6 11 13 4 9 7 8 N 5 5 8 9 4 8 25 8 N 4 9 11 8 5 N 4 11 N 13 10 13 5 N 9 7 15 4 9 4 4 7 7 N 11 15 N 5 6 9 6 5 9 15 5 18 4 N 7 5 8 4 16 14 10 5 9 11 4 4 4 11 N 11 4 8 6 N 6 N 4 13 5 13 5 5 6 7 13 N 5 N 4 7 5 N 10 4 6 5 4 5 4 N 7 N 7 6 10 N 6 6 9 4 5 12 6 13 4 4 17 12 N 5 9 4 N 6 4 5 N 5 8 N 12 6 4 N 7 4 N 6 6 5 4 N 4 4 5 5 4 N 9 6 N N 5 14 4 N 11 4 5 5 N N N 10 6 18 N 7 7 8 5 N 6 7 4 10 12 8 N 11 7 5 5 8
976420 13 23 14 10 13 14 11 14 12 12 11 28 15 8 9 8 11 23 16 20 28 12 13 15 16 10 10 19 21 14 14 17 22 35 37 12 10 11 8 15 15 8 11 10 8 9 10 12 24 25 15 10 12 12 16 8 13 25 20 14 13 11 12 11 11 12 11 30 12 8 17 11 24 27 20 12 12 12 13 11 9 12 11 10 12 13 31 11 13 22 16 11 10 29 15 17 11 24 17 13 15 26 12 22 18 12 14 19 9 12 11 5 4 4 4 7 5 4 10 12 4 4 5 4 9 4 4 6 6 4 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 6 5 7 4 5 4 4 5 6 4 4 6 5 4 4 4 6 10 4 4 8 6 5 4 5 8 5 8 5 10 7 7 8 7 5 5 5 11 4 4 8 5 5 6 12 5 10 5 5 5 5 7 6 6 6 7 5 6 12 4 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 8 8 6 5 6 6 9 5 4 4 5 5 8 5 5 5 4 5 8 4 4 4 4 8 5 6 6 4 4 4 5 11 4 6 6 6 4 4 4 4 5 6 6 4 10 4 10 13 4 5 5 8 6 10 6 5 11 5 6 6 5 8 4 4 4 6 4 4 5 11 7 5 9 5 5 4 10 8 6 10 10 5 4 4 5 5 8 4 6 7 10 4 6 4 10 12 4 5 12 7 4 5 6 12 8 N 5 4 8 5 5 5 N 12 10 6 6 6 8 4 6 4 7 4 7 5 8 5 6 5 7 4 11 5 6 4 5 5 4 4 4 7 5 4 7 6 5 6 9 5 5 6 9 8 6 6 6 4 4 6 4 9 14 9 6 6 4 6 5 5 5 4 4 5 14 5 13 4 5 8 6 13 9 7 5 5 6 12 4 6 8 6 15 4 5 6 5 5 6 5 5 5 5 8 9 11 6 4 9 11 7 4 11 4 5 9 10 9 11 9 5 N 14 5 9 15 5 4 7 7 13 11 10 4 9 5 4 6 5 4 4 9 4 6 4 7 5 8 5 4 8 13 11 4 7 6 8 8 4 7 5 10 5 6 4 6 11 5 4 6 4 10 6 6 4 11 7 6 14 4 11 14 10 9 5 N 9 4 4 9 9 4 8 5 12 5 12 4 12 4 11 4 5 5 4 5 5 5 9 10 6 5 5 11 4 5 7 4 11 5 4 4 12 4 5 11 4 11 8 6 11 5 8 10 5 7 4 7 6 9 5 14 8 8 4 12 8 4 4 11 4 14 8 9 5 6 4 N 4 10 12 7 12 4 6 N 9 4 10 5 7 5 N 5 5 4 4 12 10 6 6 N 6 24 5 5 6 9 N 10 4 4 16 6 10 6 7 5 5 4 12 13 6 5 10 6 5 9 5 4 11 N 9 N 4 4 12 5 13 14 13 6 11 5 8 4 5 11 11 4 11 5 6 5 4 5 5 6 4 5 8 6 4 8 N 8 6 N 13 4 9 7 8 4 5 5 N 9 4 8 26 8 N 4 9 11 8 5 5 4 N 14 13 10 13 5 7 9 7 15 4 9 4 4 7 7 14 11 14 4 5 6 9 6 5 9 15 5 N 4 N 7 5 N 4 16 N 10 5 9 11 4 4 4 11 N 11 4 8 6 N 6 11 4 13 5 13 5 5 6 7 13 16 5 10 4 7 5 4 10 4 6 5 4 5 4 N 7 N 7 6 10 N 6 6 9 4 5 12 6 13 4 4 17 12 N 5 N 4 N N 4 5 N 5 8 5 12 6 4 16 7 4 5 6 6 5 4 N 4 4 5 5 4 4 9 6 N 7 5 14 N N 11 4 5 5 N 11 11 10 6 18 N 7 7 8 5 N 6 7 4 10 12 N 7 11 7 5 5 8
983142 13 23 14 10 14 14 11 14 11 12 11 28 15 8 9 8 11 23 16 19 28 12 13 15 16 10 10 19 21 14 14 17 23 35 37 12 10 11 8 15 15 8 11 10 8 9 10 12 23 24 15 10 12 12 16 8 14 25 20 12 13 11 12 11 11 12 11 30 12 8 17 11 24 27 20 11 12 12 13 11 9 13 11 10 12 13 31 11 13 22 16 11 10 29 15 17 11 24 17 13 15 26 12 22 18 12 14 18 9 12 11 5 4 4 4 7 5 4 10 12 4 4 5 4 9 4 4 6 6 4 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 6 5 7 4 5 4 4 5 6 4 4 6 5 4 4 4 6 10 4 4 8 6 5 4 5 8 5 8 5 10 7 7 8 7 5 5 5 11 4 4 8 5 5 6 11 5 10 5 5 5 5 7 6 6 6 7 5 6 12 4 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 8 8 6 5 6 6 9 5 4 4 5 5 8 5 5 5 4 5 8 4 4 4 4 8 5 6 6 4 4 4 5 11 4 6 6 6 4 4 4 4 5 6 6 4 10 4 10 14 4 5 5 8 6 10 6 5 11 5 6 6 5 8 4 4 4 6 4 4 5 11 7 5 9 5 5 4 10 8 6 10 10 5 4 4 5 5 8 4 6 7 10 4 6 4 10 12 4 5 12 7 4 5 6 12 8 N 5 4 8 5 5 5 10 12 10 6 6 6 8 4 6 4 7 4 7 5 8 5 6 5 7 4 11 5 6 4 5 5 4 4 4 7 5 4 7 6 5 6 9 5 5 6 9 8 6 6 6 4 4 6 4 9 14 9 N 6 4 6 5 5 5 4 4 5 14 5 13 4 5 8 6 13 9 7 5 5 6 12 4 6 8 6 14 4 5 6 5 5 6 5 5 5 5 8 9 11 6 4 9 11 7 4 11 4 5 9 10 9 11 9 5 4 14 5 9 15 5 4 7 7 12 11 10 4 9 5 4 6 5 4 4 9 4 6 4 7 5 8 5 4 8 13 11 4 7 6 8 8 4 7 5 10 5 6 4 6 11 5 4 6 4 10 N 6 4 11 7 6 14 4 11 13 10 9 5 5 9 4 4 9 9 4 8 5 12 5 12 4 12 4 11 4 5 5 4 5 5 5 9 10 6 5 5 11 4 5 7 4 11 5 4 4 12 4 5 12 4 11 8 6 11 5 8 10 5 7 4 7 6 9 5 14 8 8 4 13 N 4 4 11 4 14 8 9 5 6 4 14 4 10 12 7 12 4 6 N 9 4 10 5 7 5 N 5 5 4 4 12 10 6 6 4 6 24 5 5 6 9 7 N 4 4 17 6 10 6 7 5 5 4 12 12 6 5 N 6 5 9 5 4 11 6 9 N 4 4 12 5 13 14 13 6 11 5 8 4 5 11 11 4 11 5 6 5 4 5 5 6 N 5 8 6 4 8 6 8 6 11 13 4 9 7 8 N 5 5 N 9 4 8 24 8 N 4 N 11 8 5 N 4 11 14 13 10 13 5 7 9 7 15 N 9 4 4 7 7 14 11 15 4 5 6 9 6 5 9 15 5 18 4 13 7 5 N 4 16 14 10 5 9 11 4 4 4 11 N 11 4 8 6 11 6 11 4 13 5 13 N 5 6 7 13 N 5 N 4 7 5 4 10 4 6 5 4 5 4 N 7 N 7 6 10 7 6 6 9 4 N 12 6 13 4 4 17 12 N 5 9 4 N N 4 5 N 5 7 5 12 6 4 16 7 4 5 6 6 5 4 N 4 4 5 5 N N 9 6 13 7 5 14 N 5 11 4 5 5 7 11 11 10 6 18 7 7 7 8 5 9 6 7 4 10 12 N N 11 7 5 5 8
984214 13 23 14 10 14 14 11 14 11 12 11 28 15 8 9 8 11 23 15 20 28 12 13 15 16 10 10 19 21 14 14 17 23 35 37 12 10 11 8 15 15 8 11 10 8 9 10 12 23 24 15 10 12 12 16 8 13 25 20 12 13 11 12 11 11 12 11 30 12 8 17 11 25 27 20 11 12 12 13 11 9 13 11 10 12 13 31 11 13 22 16 11 10 27 15 17 11 24 17 13 15 26 12 22 18 12 14 19 9 12 11 5 4 4 4 7 5 4 10 12 4 4 5 4 9 4 4 6 6 4 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 6 5 7 4 5 4 4 5 6 4 4 6 5 4 4 4 6 10 4 4 8 6 5 4 5 8 5 8 5 10 7 7 8 7 5 N 5 11 4 4 8 5 5 6 11 5 10 5 5 5 5 7 6 6 6 7 5 6 12 4 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 8 8 6 5 6 6 9 5 4 4 5 5 8 5 5 5 4 5 8 4 4 4 4 8 5 6 6 4 4 4 5 11 4 6 6 6 4 4 4 4 5 6 6 4 10 4 10 13 4 5 5 8 6 10 6 5 11 5 6 6 5 8 4 4 4 6 4 4 5 11 7 5 9 5 5 4 10 8 6 10 10 5 4 4 5 5 8 4 6 7 10 4 6 4 10 12 4 5 12 7 4 5 6 12 8 N 5 4 8 5 5 5 10 12 10 6 6 6 8 4 6 4 7 4 7 5 8 5 6 5 7 4 11 5 6 4 5 5 4 4 4 7 5 4 7 6 5 6 9 5 5 6 9 8 6 6 6 4 4 6 4 9 14 9 6 6 4 6 5 5 5 4 4 5 14 5 13 4 N 8 6 13 9 7 5 5 N 12 4 6 8 6 14 4 5 6 5 5 6 5 5 5 5 8 9 11 6 4 9 11 7 4 11 4 5 9 10 9 11 9 5 4 14 5 9 15 5 4 7 7 12 11 10 4 9 5 4 6 5 4 4 9 4 6 4 7 5 8 5 4 8 13 11 4 7 6 8 8 4 7 5 10 5 6 4 6 11 5 4 6 4 10 6 6 N 11 7 6 14 4 11 13 10 9 5 5 9 4 N 9 9 4 8 5 12 5 12 4 12 4 11 4 5 5 4 5 5 5 9 10 6 5 5 11 4 5 7 4 N 5 4 4 12 4 5 12 4 11 8 6 11 5 8 10 5 7 4 7 6 9 5 14 8 8 4 13 8 4 4 11 4 14 8 9 5 6 4 8 4 10 12 7 12 4 6 20 9 4 10 5 7 5 N 5 5 4 4 12 10 6 6 4 6 24 5 5 6 9 7 10 N 4 17 N 10 6 7 5 5 4 12 12 6 5 10 6 5 9 5 4 11 6 9 N 4 4 12 5 13 14 14 6 11 5 8 4 5 11 11 4 11 5 6 5 4 5 5 6 N 5 8 6 4 8 6 8 6 N 13 4 9 7 8 N 5 5 N 9 4 8 N 8 N 4 9 11 N 5 5 4 11 14 13 10 13 5 7 9 7 15 4 9 N 4 N 7 14 11 15 4 5 6 9 6 5 9 15 5 18 4 N 7 5 N 4 16 14 10 5 9 11 4 4 4 11 N 11 4 8 6 N 6 11 4 13 5 13 5 5 6 7 13 N 5 N 4 7 N 4 10 4 6 5 4 5 4 15 7 N 7 6 10 7 6 6 9 4 5 12 6 13 N 4 17 12 N 5 9 4 N N 4 5 N 5 8 5 12 6 N N N 4 5 6 6 5 4 17 4 4 N 5 4 4 9 6 N N 5 14 4 N 11 4 5 5 7 N N N 6 N N 7 7 8 5 11 6 N 4 10 12 8 N 11 7 N 5 8
998283 13 23 14 10 13 14 11 14 12 12 11 28 15 8 9 8 11 23 16 20 28 12 13 15 16 10 10 19 21 14 14 17 22 35 37 12 10 11 8 15 15 8 11 10 8 9 10 12 24 25 15 10 12 12 16 8 13 25 20 14 13 11 12 11 11 12 11 30 12 8 17 11 24 27 20 12 12 12 13 11 9 12 11 10 12 13 31 11 13 22 16 11 10 28 15 17 11 24 17 13 15 26 12 22 18 12 14 19 9 12 11 5 4 4 4 7 5 4 10 12 4 4 5 4 9 4 4 6 6 4 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 6 5 7 4 5 4 4 5 6 4 4 6 5 4 4 4 6 10 4 4 8 6 5 4 5 8 5 8 5 10 7 7 8 7 5 5 5 11 4 4 8 5 5 6 12 5 10 5 5 5 5 7 6 6 6 7 5 6 12 4 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 8 8 6 5 6 6 9 5 4 4 5 5 8 5 5 5 4 5 8 4 4 4 4 8 5 6 6 4 4 4 5 11 4 6 6 6 4 4 4 4 5 6 6 4 10 4 10 13 4 5 5 8 6 10 6 5 11 5 6 6 5 8 4 4 4 6 4 4 5 11 7 5 9 5 5 4 10 8 6 10 10 5 4 4 5 5 8 4 6 7 10 4 6 4 10 12 4 5 12 7 4 5 6 12 8 N 5 4 8 5 5 5 10 12 10 6 6 6 8 4 6 4 7 4 7 5 8 5 6 5 7 4 11 5 6 4 5 5 4 4 4 7 5 4 7 6 5 6 9 5 5 6 9 8 6 6 6 4 4 6 4 9 14 9 6 6 4 6 5 5 5 4 4 5 14 5 13 4 5 8 6 13 9 7 5 5 6 12 4 6 8 6 15 4 5 6 5 5 6 5 5 5 5 8 9 11 6 4 9 11 7 4 11 4 5 9 10 9 11 9 5 4 14 5 9 15 5 4 7 7 13 11 10 4 9 5 4 6 5 4 4 9 4 6 4 7 5 8 5 4 8 13 11 4 7 6 8 8 4 7 5 10 5 6 4 6 11 5 4 6 4 10 6 6 4 11 7 6 14 4 11 14 10 9 5 N 9 4 4 9 9 4 8 5 12 5 12 4 12 4 11 4 5 5 4 5 5 5 9 10 6 5 5 11 4 5 7 4 11 5 4 4 12 4 5 11 N 11 8 6 11 5 8 10 5 7 4 N 6 9 5 14 8 8 4 12 8 4 4 11 4 14 8 9 5 6 4 N 4 10 12 7 12 4 6 N 9 4 10 5 7 5 N 5 5 4 4 12 10 6 6 4 6 24 5 5 6 9 7 10 4 4 16 6 10 6 7 5 5 4 12 13 6 5 10 6 5 9 5 4 11 6 9 N 4 4 12 5 13 14 13 6 11 5 8 4 5 11 11 4 11 5 6 5 4 5 5 6 N 5 8 6 4 8 6 8 6 N N 4 9 7 8 N 5 5 8 9 4 8 26 8 N 4 9 11 8 5 N 4 11 14 13 10 13 N 7 9 7 15 4 9 4 4 7 7 N 11 14 4 5 6 9 6 5 9 15 5 18 4 N 7 5 8 4 16 14 10 5 9 10 4 4 4 11 N 11 4 8 6 N 6 N 4 13 5 13 5 5 6 7 13 N 5 N 4 7 5 N 10 4 6 5 4 5 4 N 7 N 7 6 10 N 6 6 9 4 5 12 6 13 4 4 17 12 N 5 9 4 N N 4 5 N 5 N 5 12 6 4 16 7 4 5 6 6 5 4 17 4 4 5 5 4 4 9 6 13 N 5 14 4 5 11 4 5 5 7 N 11 10 6 18 7 N 7 8 5 N 6 7 4 10 12 8 N 11 7 5 5 8
B71828 13 23 14 10 14 14 11 14 11 12 11 28 15 8 9 8 11 23 16 20 28 12 13 15 16 10 10 19 21 14 14 17 23 35 37 12 10 11 8 15 15 8 11 10 8 9 10 12 24 25 15 10 12 12 16 8 13 25 20 13 13 11 12 11 11 12 11 30 12 8 16 11 24 27 20 11 12 12 13 11 9 13 11 10 12 13 31 11 13 22 16 11 10 28 15 17 11 24 17 13 15 26 12 22 18 12 14 19 9 12 11 5 4 4 4 7 5 4 10 12 4 4 5 4 9 4 4 6 6 4 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 6 5 7 4 5 4 4 5 6 4 4 6 5 4 4 4 6 10 4 4 8 6 5 4 5 8 5 8 5 10 7 7 8 7 5 5 5 11 4 4 8 5 5 6 11 5 10 5 5 5 5 7 6 6 6 7 5 6 12 4 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 8 8 6 5 6 6 9 5 4 4 5 5 8 5 5 5 4 5 8 4 4 4 4 8 5 6 6 4 4 4 5 11 4 6 6 6 4 4 4 4 5 6 6 4 10 4 10 13 4 5 5 8 6 10 6 5 11 5 6 6 5 8 4 4 4 6 4 4 5 11 7 5 9 5 5 4 10 8 6 10 10 5 4 4 5 5 8 4 6 7 10 4 6 4 10 12 4 5 12 7 4 5 6 12 8 N 5 4 8 5 5 5 10 12 10 6 6 6 8 4 6 4 7 4 7 5 8 5 6 5 7 4 11 5 6 4 5 5 4 4 4 7 5 4 7 6 5 6 9 5 5 6 9 8 6 6 6 4 4 6 4 9 14 9 6 6 4 6 5 5 5 4 4 5 13 5 13 4 5 8 6 13 9 7 5 5 6 12 4 6 8 6 14 4 5 6 5 5 6 5 5 5 5 8 9 11 6 4 9 11 7 4 11 4 5 9 10 9 11 9 5 4 14 5 9 15 5 4 7 7 12 11 10 4 9 5 4 6 5 4 4 9 4 6 4 7 5 8 5 4 8 13 11 4 7 6 8 8 4 7 5 10 5 6 4 6 11 5 4 6 4 10 6 6 4 11 7 6 14 N 11 14 10 9 5 5 9 4 4 9 9 N 8 5 12 5 12 4 12 4 11 4 5 5 4 5 5 5 9 10 6 5 5 11 4 5 7 4 11 5 4 4 12 4 N 12 4 11 8 6 11 5 8 10 5 7 4 7 6 9 5 14 8 8 4 13 8 4 4 11 4 14 8 9 5 6 4 14 4 10 12 7 12 4 6 N 9 4 10 5 N 5 N 5 5 4 4 N 10 6 6 N 6 24 5 5 6 9 7 10 4 4 17 6 10 6 7 5 5 4 N 12 6 5 10 6 5 9 5 4 11 N 9 N 4 4 12 5 13 14 13 6 11 5 8 4 5 11 11 4 11 5 6 5 4 5 5 6 4 5 8 6 4 8 6 8 6 11 N 4 9 7 8 4 5 5 8 9 4 8 26 8 N 4 N 11 8 5 N 4 11 14 13 10 13 5 7 9 7 15 4 9 4 4 7 7 13 11 15 4 5 6 9 6 5 9 15 5 N 4 14 7 5 N 4 16 N 10 5 9 11 4 4 4 11 N 11 4 8 6 N 6 11 4 13 N 13 5 5 6 7 13 N 5 N 4 7 5 4 10 4 6 5 4 5 N N 7 N 7 6 10 N 6 6 9 4 5 12 6 13 4 4 N 12 N 5 9 4 N N 4 5 N 5 8 5 12 6 4 16 7 4 5 6 6 5 4 19 4 4 5 5 4 4 9 6 13 N 5 14 4 N 11 4 5 5 7 N 11 10 6 18 7 7 7 8 5 N 6 7 4 10 12 8 N 11 7 5 5 8
B518833 13 23 14 10 13 14 11 15 11 12 11 28 15 8 10 8 11 23 16 20 28 12 13 15 16 10 10 19 21 14 14 17 22 35 38 12 10 11 8 15 15 8 11 10 8 9 10 12 24 25 15 10 12 12 16 8 13 25 20 14 13 11 12 11 11 12 11 30 12 8 17 11 24 27 20 11 12 12 13 11 9 13 11 10 12 12 31 11 13 22 16 11 10 30 15 17 11 24 16 13 15 26 12 21 18 12 15 19 9 12 11 5 4 4 4 7 5 4 10 12 4 4 5 4 9 4 4 6 6 4 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 6 5 7 4 5 4 4 5 6 4 4 6 5 4 4 4 6 10 4 4 8 6 5 4 5 8 5 8 5 10 7 7 8 7 5 5 5 11 4 4 8 5 5 6 11 5 10 5 5 5 5 7 6 6 6 7 5 6 12 4 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 8 8 6 5 6 6 9 5 4 4 5 5 8 5 5 5 4 5 8 4 4 4 N 8 5 6 6 4 4 4 5 N 4 6 6 6 4 4 4 4 5 N 6 4 10 4 N 13 4 5 5 8 6 10 6 5 11 5 6 6 5 8 4 4 4 6 4 4 5 11 N 5 9 5 5 4 10 8 6 10 10 5 4 4 5 5 8 4 6 7 10 4 6 4 11 12 4 N N 7 N 5 6 12 8 N 5 4 8 N 5 5 10 12 10 6 6 6 8 4 6 4 7 4 7 N 8 5 6 5 7 4 11 5 6 4 5 5 4 4 4 7 5 N 7 6 5 6 9 5 5 6 9 N 6 6 6 4 4 6 4 9 14 9 6 6 4 N 5 5 5 4 4 5 14 5 13 4 5 8 6 13 9 7 5 5 6 N 4 6 8 6 18 4 5 6 5 5 6 5 N 5 5 8 9 11 6 4 N 11 7 4 N 4 5 9 10 9 N 9 5 4 14 5 9 15 5 4 7 7 12 11 10 4 9 5 4 6 5 4 4 9 4 6 4 7 N 8 5 4 8 13 12 4 7 6 N 8 N 7 5 9 5 6 4 6 N 5 4 N 4 N N 6 4 11 N 6 14 N N 14 10 9 5 N 9 4 4 N 9 4 8 5 N 5 12 4 12 4 N 4 5 5 4 5 5 5 9 N 6 5 5 11 4 5 7 4 11 5 4 4 N 4 5 11 4 11 8 6 11 5 8 10 N 7 4 7 N 9 5 N N 8 4 N 8 4 4 11 4 N 8 N 5 6 4 14 4 10 12 7 12 4 6 N N 4 10 5 7 5 N 5 5 4 4 12 N 6 6 4 6 24 N N 6 9 7 10 4 4 N 6 10 6 7 5 5 4 12 12 6 5 10 6 5 9 5 4 11 6 N N 4 4 12 5 13 14 13 N 11 5 8 4 5 11 11 4 11 5 N 5 4 5 5 6 N 5 N N 4 8 6 8 6 11 13 4 9 7 8 N N 5 8 9 4 8 26 8 N 4 9 N N 5 5 4 11 14 13 N N N 7 9 7 15 N N 4 4 N 7 N 11 N 4 5 6 9 6 5 9 15 5 18 4 13 N 5 N 4 16 14 10 5 9 11 4 4 N N N 11 4 8 6 N 6 11 4 13 5 13 5 5 6 7 13 N 5 10 4 N 5 N N 4 6 5 4 5 4 N 7 N 7 6 10 N 6 6 9 4 5 12 6 13 4 4 N N N 5 9 4 N 6 4 5 N 5 8 5 12 6 4 16 N 4 5 6 6 5 4 18 4 4 N 5 N 4 9 N 13 N 5 16 N 5 N 4 5 5 7 N 11 10 N N 7 7 7 8 5 N 6 7 4 N N 8 7 11 7 5 5 8
B642174 13 23 14 10 13 14 11 14 11 12 11 28 16 8 9 8 11 23 16 20 28 12 13 15 16 10 10 19 21 13 14 17 23 34 37 12 10 11 8 15 15 8 11 10 8 9 10 12 24 25 15 10 12 12 16 8 13 25 20 13 13 11 12 11 11 12 11 30 12 8 17 11 24 27 20 11 12 12 13 11 9 13 11 10 12 13 31 11 13 22 16 11 10 28 15 17 11 24 17 13 15 25 12 22 18 12 14 20 9 12 11 5 4 4 4 7 5 4 10 12 4 4 5 4 9 4 4 6 6 4 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 6 5 7 4 5 4 4 5 6 4 4 6 5 4 4 4 6 10 4 4 8 6 5 4 5 8 5 8 5 10 7 7 8 7 5 5 5 11 4 4 8 5 5 6 11 5 10 5 5 5 5 7 6 6 N 7 5 6 12 4 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 8 8 6 5 6 6 9 5 4 4 5 5 8 5 5 5 4 5 8 4 4 4 4 8 5 6 6 4 4 4 5 11 4 6 6 6 4 4 4 4 5 6 6 4 10 4 10 13 4 5 5 8 6 10 6 5 12 5 6 6 5 8 4 4 4 6 4 4 5 11 N 5 9 5 5 4 10 8 6 10 10 5 4 4 5 5 8 4 6 7 10 4 6 4 9 12 4 5 N 7 4 5 6 12 8 N 5 4 8 5 5 5 10 12 10 6 6 6 8 4 6 4 7 4 7 5 8 5 6 5 7 4 11 5 6 4 5 5 4 4 4 7 5 4 7 6 5 6 9 5 5 6 9 N 6 6 6 4 4 6 4 9 14 9 6 6 4 6 5 5 5 4 4 5 14 5 N 4 5 8 6 13 9 7 5 5 6 12 4 6 8 6 14 4 5 6 5 5 6 5 N 5 5 8 N 11 6 4 N 11 7 4 N 4 5 9 10 9 N 9 5 N 14 5 9 15 5 4 7 7 12 11 10 4 9 5 4 6 5 4 4 9 4 6 4 7 5 8 5 N 8 13 11 4 7 6 N 8 4 7 5 N 5 6 N 6 10 5 4 N 4 N N 6 4 11 7 6 14 4 N 13 10 9 5 5 9 4 4 N 9 4 8 5 12 5 12 4 12 4 N 4 5 5 4 5 5 5 9 10 6 5 5 11 4 5 7 4 N 5 4 4 N 4 5 11 4 11 8 6 11 5 8 10 5 7 4 7 6 9 5 N 8 8 4 N 8 4 4 11 4 N 8 9 5 6 N 14 4 N N 7 12 4 6 19 9 4 10 5 7 5 4 5 N 4 4 12 10 6 6 N N 24 5 5 6 9 7 10 4 4 N 6 10 6 7 5 5 4 12 12 6 5 10 6 5 9 5 4 11 N N 6 4 4 12 5 13 14 13 N 11 5 8 4 5 11 N 4 N 5 6 5 4 5 5 6 N 5 8 N 4 8 6 8 6 N 13 4 9 N 8 4 5 5 N 9 4 8 25 N N 4 9 N 8 5 5 4 11 14 13 10 13 N 7 9 7 15 N 9 N 4 7 7 N 11 15 4 5 6 9 6 5 9 15 5 N 4 N 7 5 8 4 15 14 10 5 9 11 4 4 4 N N 11 4 N 6 N 6 11 4 13 5 13 N 5 6 7 13 16 5 N 4 N 5 N 10 4 6 5 4 5 N N N N 7 6 10 N 6 N 9 4 5 12 6 13 N 4 17 N N 5 9 4 5 6 4 5 N 5 N 5 12 6 4 16 7 4 N 6 6 5 4 17 4 4 N 5 4 4 9 6 N N 5 14 4 5 11 4 5 5 7 11 N N 6 15 7 7 7 N 5 N 6 7 4 10 N N N 11 7 5 5 8
- Groups creates a group name. I use it to identify the area in the country the ancestry of the member come from in the early 1800's
/GROUPS Georgia (983142 638150 11199 372328 407032 106087 1010257 125712) North Carolina (984214 12209) South Carolina (172494) Georgia-KY/TN/IN (958940 906591 641878 YDNA001) Non-Whitaker (IN110359 B642174 B518833 288259 253480) Unknown (B71828 525479) North Carolina-TN/AL (998283 976420 MK86285)
- Colors gives a color for to use for the Groups defined above
/COLORS 06 (983142 638150 11199 372328 407032 106087 1010257 125712) 05 (984214 12209) 03 (172494) 04 (958940 906591 641878 YDNA001) 02 (IN110359 B642174 B518833 288259 253480) 01 (B71828 525479) 07 (998283 976420 MK86285)
- SNP gives the SNP markers data for those members who took a Big-Y 700 FTDNA test. + means this SNP was known to be present, - means it was known to be not present, ? means it is was not checked to be present for some reason.
/SNPDATA 407032 ( FGC21748+ FT258062+ FT238390+ FTC2083+ Y257951- FTC44757- BY78523- ) 1010257 ( FGC21748+ FT258062+ FT238390+ FTC2083+ Y257951- FTC44757- BY78523- ) 525479 ( FGC21748+ FT258062+ FT238390- FTC2083- Y257951- FTC44757- BY78523- ) 641878 ( FGC21748+ FT258062+ FT238390+ FTC2083+ Y257951- FTC44757- BY78523- ) 976420 ( FGC21748+ FT258062+ FT238390- FTC2083- Y257951+ FTC44757+ BY78523- ) 983142 ( FGC21748+ FT258062+ FT238390+ FTC2083+ Y257951- FTC44757- BY78523- ) 984214 ( FGC21748+ FT258062+ FT238390+ FTC2083+ Y257951- FTC44757- BY78523- ) 906591 ( FGC21748+ FT258062+ FT238390+ FTC2083+ Y257951- FTC44757- BY78523- ) 958940 ( FGC21748+ FT258062+ FT238390+ FTC2083+ Y257951- FTC44757- BY78523- ) 998283 ( FGC21748+ FT258062+ FT238390- FTC2083- Y257951+ FTC44757+ BY78523- ) B518833 ( FGC21748+ FT258062+ FT238390- FTC2083- Y257951+ FTC44757- BY78523- ) B642174 ( FGC21748+ FT258062- FT238390- FTC2083- Y257951- FTC44757- BY78523+ ) B71828 ( FGC21748+ FT258062+ FT238390- FTC2083- Y257951- FTC44757? BY78523? ) IN110359 ( FGC21748+ FT258062- FT238390- FTC2083- Y257951- FTC44757- BY78523+ )
- Gendata gives the known or highly suspected MRCA's of some of the members of the group. + means we know they are descendants, ? means they could be descendants. I only used + this to make the tree a bit more readable. The Tree is about the same when ? is used, it is just more complicated to look at because more nodes are present.
/GENDATA John Whitaker III [1783-abt.1867] (976420+ 998283+ MK86285+) Wm Whitaker [abt.1705-aft.1760] (983142+ 12209+ 984214+ 906591+ 407032+ 958940+ 641878+ 372328+ 106087+ 1010257+ 638150+ 172494+ 125712+ 11199+ YDNA001+) Pos Mark Whitaker [abt.1726-aft.1787] (641878+ 906591+ 958940+ 638150+ 407032+ 1010257+ 172494+ 983142+ 372328+ 106087+ 125712+ 11199+ YDNA001+) Joshua Whitaker Sr [1735-1798] (984214+ 12209+) Wm. Whitaker [1760-Abt.1838] (641878+ 906591+ 958940+ YDNA001+) Pos. Samuel Whitaker [abt.1756-abt.1802] (1010257+ 983142+ 11199+) Pos. Joshua Whitaker Sr [aft. 1761-abt. 1825] (106087+ 125712+ 372328+ 407032+ 638150+) Mark Whitaker [Abt 1783 - abt 1860] (11199+ 983142+) Joshua Whitaker Jr [abt.1783-abt.1852] (106087+ 125712+) William Whitaker [1788-1842] (372328+ 407032+ 638150+) Lawson Monk Whitaker [1873 - 1939] (372328+ 407032+) David Whitaker [abt. 1793 - 1854] (958940+ YDNA001+) Alfred Nelson Whitaker [1847 - 1907] (976420+ MK86285+)
- Unknown-Whitaker (172494+)
/INFO 125712 Gen:none 172494 Gen:Private YDNA001 Gen:Wikitree 641878 Gen:Wikitree 106087 Gen:Wikitree 11199 Gen:Wikitree 372328 Gen:Wikitree 407032 Gen:FTDNA 12209 Gen:Pub 1010257 Gen:FTDNA 984214 Gen:FTDNA 906591 Gen:FTDNA 976420 Gen:FTDNA 983142 Gen:Wikitree 958940 Gen:FTDNA 998283 Gen:FTDNA B71828 Gen:FTDNA MK86285 Gen:FTDNA 525479 Gen:FTDNA 638150 Gen:Private
- Calibrate gives a known date for a node in a tree. In this case, it is for a known or suspected MRCA identified at that node.
/CALIBRATE Node 35 1783 Node 34 1847 Node 46 1705 Node 45 1726 Node 26 1735 Node 32 1761 Node 31 1788 Node 27 1783 Node 43 1760 Node 33 1793 Node 28 1756 Node 30 1873 Node 27 1783
- Additional options.
/OPTIONS SHOWREASONS
SHOWMUTATIONS
SHOWMODALS
FULLTMRCAS
Are the Whitaker Brothers of Mulberry County, Tennessee the sons of Marcus Whitaker (abt.1726-aft.1787)?
The idea that Mark Whitaker (1750-1842) and John J Whitaker (1760-1837) where the sons of Marcus Whitaker (abt.1726-aft.1787) and the grandsons of William Whitaker (abt.1701-aft.1760), has been in the family histories of William Whitaker (abt.1701-aft.1760) for decades. It has also been enshrined in three influential books that have compiled various members of this family. These genealogical books are The Whitaker Family of Buncombe County, North Carolina by C. Bruce Whitaker[1], Whitakers 1086-1990[2] by Bill Whitaker and The Waves of Time by Clark W. Jennings[3]. And then there are the thousands of family trees that have been constructed off of these books and are being mined today in various ways. None of these books give us references on how or why they think this. This is in fact common for these types of books in my experience. The Whitaker brothers had also found there way into the family history of the Keel - Whitaker [4] family of Alabama. The story here is that when John Whitaker Jr. (abt.1755-abt.1837) moved from Tennessee to Alabama, he stayed for two years in Mulberry, Tennessee, which is where the Whitaker brothers settled in the later stages of their lives. Many researches have concluded that he was staying with these two brothers, and that they where family in some way. The sad truth is that it looks like all of these statements are probably wrong.
There are three facts that bring us to this conclusion.
- When you look at the Groups identified in the Whitaker Project, or in the Dendrogram Chart that is presented above, there is a clear distinction of testers between the members of Group 4 and Group 5. The Dendrogram Chart gives us a sense that this distinction is comes from a branching of the Y-DNA at about 75 Generations in the past, or at 2,500 years ago.
- Four members of this Group 4 in the Whitaker Project, of the 6 total, have been identified as descendants of Mark Whitaker (1750-1842) and John J Whitaker (1760-1837). For the three identified as John J Whitaker (1760-1837) descendants, they all descent from three different children of John Whitaker. The fourth member descends from Mark Whitaker (1750-1842). That these four men descend from these two brothers on such different pathways and that they are all group together, means to me that they probably are in fact members of the same lineage. You can see each lineage on the table above.
- One of the identified descendants in Group 4 also took a Big Y test and was given a confirmed Haplogroup of I-FT260635. For Group 5, there are two well documented members who descend from William Whitaker (abt.1701-aft.1760). One of these members took the Big Y and was given a confirmed Haplogroup of I-FT238390. From this, we think that I-FT238390 is the haplogroup common to the William Whitaker descendants, which is significantly distant from I-FT260635. SNP testing has confirm that these to groups are not related to each other within the last 2000 years.
If all of the statements above are true, then Mark Whitaker (1750-1842) and John J Whitaker (1760-1837) are not paternal biological members of the William Whitaker (abt.1701-aft.1760) family. In other words, neither man was a biological son of [Whitaker-206|William Whitaker (abt.1701-aft.1760)]]
Of Course, this does not say these these other Whitaker did not know each other, or that they are not family in some other sense of the phase, only that they are not Genetic Paternal Son's of Marcus Whitaker or Grandsons of William Whitaker.
AncestryDNA.com Studies
Introduction
AncestryDNA is an Autosomal DNA test. Unlike Y-DNA, which looks at the Y-Chromosome only and so can only track the paternal Lineage of the Tester, or Mitochondrial DNA, which looks only at the DNA strand found in the Mitochondria of the human cell, so can which track the Maternal lineage of the Tester, Autosomal DNA testing looks at remaining 22 chromosomes involved in the Human body's Mitosis process, and so is able to potentially track the tester's lineage over both sides of the family. This breath comes at a cost. Where Y-DNA and Mitochondrial testing can identify relationships go back tens of thousands of years in the past, Autosomal DNA testing can only identify relationships going back a few hundred years in the past.
DNA Studies of William Whitaker Jr.
Was Rachel Whitaker (1762-abt.1807) the Wife of William Whitaker (1760-abt.1838)?
I, who is a descendent of William Whitaker (1760-abt.1838) have dozens of AncestyDNA.com matches with direct descendants of William Whitaker Jr (1732-abt.1802), the brother to Rachel Whitaker. The two William's are thought to be first cousins on their fathers side. How did these matches with a person I am not directly related to happen? The obvious was is through William Whitaker (1760-abt.1838), father, and then his gradfather, William Whitaker (abt.1701-aft.1760), making that older William Whitaker the Most Recent Common Ancestor, who we can then use to explain these matches. The other way, which we will be exploring below, is if these matches are through a direct descendancy with a daugther of William Whitaker Jr (1732-abt.1802), where she is also the wife of William Whitaker (1760-abt.1838). Here we are looking at Rachel Whitaker, one of his most least known children. My matches are very distant matches, where most matches are below 20 cM, and so this anaylsis can in no way be definitive. But, when I look at the number of matches for descendents of William Whitaker (abt.1701-aft.1760) who are not also descendents of William Whitaker Jr vs any of his other children, the number of William Whitaker Jr's decendents who match are much greater.
At generational distances of 5 to 7 generations, matching becomes highly variable because of how DNA is passed down through the generations, as chucks of DNA. Many descendants from common ancestors simply have no DNA in common to each other, and for those who do retain this connection, at distances over 5 or 6 generations, it a difficult to distinguish the background matching alleles of the DNA from those that match because of common ancestors. One way that AncestoryDNA.com attempts to against these false positive matches is to only report matches for 8 cM or above. This then defines a floor that needs to be archived to be on the Match List that all Testers have available. You can see the problem at the Shared cM Project which can be found at DNAPainter.com. When you go there, you will see summarized tables of actual cM values of matches for known ancestral relationships. Notice that the range of cM overlap in these relationships so much that it is often impossible to distinguish between these relationships at 4 thru 7 generations back, as well as across family relationships. This is why most DNA Genealogist only accept this type of information when attempting to Identify unknown relationships from DNA match strength at the 3ed or 4th generational level. One approach is counting the number of matches who are look to relate at 8 cM and above.
If you look again at the table at Shared cM Project, you will see that the max cM is always higher for ancestors in a more direct position and closer to the tester. So, we should be able to compare the number of reported matches for a suspected direct ancestor at one generational distance vs a child of that ancestor who we think is also a direct ancestor by looking at the number of matches we find through the parent's other children. If the suspected child is more directly related to the suspected child than are his or hers siblings, it should show up at decidedly more DNA matches then through the siblings. This is because the relationship the matches through siblings is through the parents, while the relationship to the target child of that parents is through her children. This is what I am showing in the table below.
The table was constructed from the William Whitaker Jr. node from the Truelines® data of 7 AncestryDNA.com members. Truelines® is an AncestryDNA.com product that displays as a tree the potential ancestors identified from DNA matches based on the data extracted from trees the DNA profiles have been attached to by the DNA profile owner or collaborator. The program used to identify these potential match starts with tree that DNA profile is attached to but it will also knit together other trees where it can to construct a complete potential lineage to the common ancestor being identified. The result is a "DNA" based tree of potential ancestors which can be used to focus the researches attention on area of research to confirm this potential ancestor will addition, more tradition evidence, or to disprove this idea. The numbers shown are the number of these DNA matches found in each users Truelines® tree at William Whitaker Jr's node with the following modifications and restrictions.
- I choose Ancestry users from the families that I felt most confidents that they have descended from William Whitaker (1760). These are from the families of the three sons of William who also have descendent that took a Y-DNA test have shown definitively that all three of these men descend from a common ancestor through three different lineages all convincedly point back to this William Whitaker.
- I only choose one user from a set of related users. For example, I only choose my self to tally, and not my siblings or 1st cousins. If I where include my siblings, i would be biasing the interpretations because are DNA profiles are so similar.
- Truelines® can make mistakes in it's lineage because it is using often flawed data from incorrect trees.. One error that it is repeating the mistaken belief that David Whitaker is in fact the son of William Whitaker III. This is very unlikely, since all indications are that this David, the son or William III, died before the age if 5. When tallying. I moved the count under William III attributed to this David to Rachel.
- I deleted the count for those son's of William Whitaker (1790) that where identified under Rachel's name. I did this because most of these possible descendants had a Common Ancestry to the User I was looking at in a generation closer then William's children.
The expectation is that there are two possible results from this presentation of the Tally. If Rachel is not a direct ancestor of User, then the pathway that explain this match for those matches that are direct descendants of William Whitaker Jr must do through William Whitaker (1760) only. These are not other possible pathways. If that is true, then the count attached to Rachel would be more or less on pare with the other children of William Whitaker Jr.
One glaring issue with these reasoning and approach is the the simple fact that we know that William Whitaker (1760) is related to the same people that are attached to Rachel, so his contribution to these descendant's DNA is a confounding issue when looking at the matches attached to Rachel. More often than not, they are the same set. There are two ways available to distinguish Rachel's contribution vs William'. One is comparing the DNA segments for this population. We may be able to identify a DNA segment on one or more of the strands that are Rachels vs William's. This is not currently possible since AncestryDNA does not make a DNA browser capable of this type of analysis available to their users. The other approach is looking at mitochondrial DNA of the descendants of Abigale Donahue. I have not been able to find a continuous maternal lineage of Rachels descendants to make this possible. I am hopeful one or both of these pathways will eventually answer this question.
Sources
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Whitaker, C. Bruce. The Whitaker Family of Buncombe County, North Carolina and the Genealogies of the REED, HARPER and WRIGHT Families. Ashville : Ward Publishing Company, 1989.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Whitaker, Bill. Whitakers 1086-1990. Berea : Kentucky Imprints, 1990.
- ↑ Jennings, Clark W.. Waves of Time: The Ancestry of Clark W. Jennings, M.D.. United States: C.W. Jennings, 1994.
- ↑ Whitaker, Harold Green, Keel - Whitaker, Whitaker Wanderings Part II, Gregath Company, Cullman, Alabama, 1994
- Login to edit this profile and add images.
- Private Messages: Send a private message to the Profile Manager. (Best when privacy is an issue.)
- Public Comments: Login to post. (Best for messages specifically directed to those editing this profile. Limit 20 per day.)