Descendants of John (Geaween) Gowen And Margaret Cornish of Ndongo, Angola

Date: [unknown] [unknown]
Location: Virginia
Surnames/tags: Angola slavery Free_People_of_Color

This page contains John L. Goin's research, posted by Karen Jones on the profile page of Thomas Goings d.1726 on 27 Aug 2021. I moved the info from Thomas' page to here since it is a detailed history involving many people. (Weatherall-96 02:40, 8 October 2021 (UTC))

Contents 1 The Goin Goins Gowen Going Family 1.1 John & Margaret from Ndongo 1.2 Phillip Gowen Freed 1675 1.2.1 Michael Gowen b. 1635 1.2.2 William Gowen b 1655 1.2.3 Daniel Gowen b 1657 1.2.4 Christopher Gowen b 1658 1.2.5 Thomas Gowen b 1655 1.2.6 Edward Gowen b 1681 1.3 Children of Christopher 1 1.3.1 Michael Gowen b 1679 1.3.2 Philip Gowen b 1685 1.4 Children of Thomas 1 1.4.1 William Gowen b 1682 1.4.2 James Gowen b 1683 1.5 Children of Edward 1 1.5.1 Edward Goeing b 1700 1.6 Children of Michael 2 1.6.1 Mary Going b 1708 1.6.2 Ann Going b 1719 1.7 Children of Philip 2 1.7.1 George Gowen b 1715 1.7.2 Agnes Going b 1725 1.7.3 David Going b 1727 1.7.4 Mary Anne Gowen b 1742 1.8 Children of William 2 2 Research Notes 3 Sources

The Goin Goins Gowen Going Family

The GOIN/ GOINS/ GOWEN/ GOING FAMILY The Descendants of JOHN (GEAWEEN) GOWEN And MARGARET CORNISH of Ndongo, Angola

This genealogy was compiled by John L. Goin (b. 4/3/1943 Ft. Leavenworth, KS) during the last half of August 2017. John (GEAWEEN) Gowen and Margaret Cornish and their descendants are the subjects of this genealogy.

John & Margaret from Ndongo

John and Margaret were from the Kingdom of Ndongo located on the Malange Plateau in central Portuguese Angola. Portuguese General Luis Mendes de Vasconcelos overcame the Ndongo royal city of Kabasa in late 1618. He took thousands of prisoners to the West African coast in May 1619 and boarded 400 Ndongo men, women and children onto the Portuguese frigate, the St. John the Baptist, Captain Mendes de Acuna in command. The plan was to sell the captives to work in the Mexican silver mines. The Baptist’s voyage to Vera Cruz was intercepted by the pirate ships, White Lion and Treasurer, she was driven into the Bay of Campeche, disable and boarded on July 15, 1619. The pirates seized sixty of the Angolans from the Baptist. Source: Children of Perdition Melugeons and the Struggle of Mixed America Tim Hashaw 2006/7 pg 17 and 18. In late August 1619 (five weeks later) the pirate corsair, White Lion, Captain John Colyn commanding, arrived in the Chesapeake Bay with a cargo of “20 and odd” Angolans selected from the Baptist to trade for victuals. Source: Children of Perdition Melugeons and the Struggle of Mixed America Tim Hashaw 2006/7 pg 18 and 19. Angolans subsequently identified as belonging to the “20 and odd” were: 1. Anthony and Mary Johnson of Northampton County, Virginia. Source: Children of Perdition Melugeons and the Struggle of Mixed America Tim Hashaw 2006/7 pg 36 2. John Kecatan of Charles City County, Virginia. Source: Children of Perdition Melugeons and the Struggle of Mixed America Tim Hashaw 2006/7 pg 36

3. Paul and Hannah Carter of Little Plantation, Northampton County, Virginia. Source: Children of Perdition Melugeons and the Struggle of Mixed America Tim Hashaw 2006/7 pg 37 4. William Harmon, and perhaps, Emanuel Driggus, father of Jane Gussall, William Harmon’s wife. Source: Children of Perdition Melugeons and the Struggle of Mixed America Tim Hashaw 2006/7 pg 49

These families were commonly found in the Angolan malungu settlement on King’s Creek in Northampton County, Virginia. Source: Children of Perdition Melugeons and the Struggle of Mixed America Tim Hashaw 2006/7 pg 145 as well as the communities on Cherrystone Creek in Northampton, on Pungoteague Creek and in Accomack County and the John Gowen and John Pedro families in Lancaster County, Virginia. Source: Children of Perdition Melugeons and the Struggle of Mixed America Tim Hashaw 2006/7 pg 28

Two of these “20 and odd” Angolans; a man named Geaween (also rendered Graweere, and Grasheare) was subsequently known as John Gowen and a woman who was subsequently known as Margaret Cornish, were noted in a subsequent Jamestown census. Source: Children of Perdition Melugeons and the Struggle of Mixed America Tim Hashaw 2006/7 pg 18 John was hired as the servant of the planter William Evans. Margaret was enslaved by a neighboring planter, Robert Sheppard. Source: Children of Perdition Melugeons and the Struggle of Mixed America Tim Hashaw 2006/7 John and Margaret had a son they named Mihil Gowen in 1635. He is sometimes known, in subsequent records, as Michael Gowen. Source: Children of Perdition Melugeons and the Struggle of Mixed America Tim Hashaw 2006/7 pg 26 and 27 John Gowen appeared in a Virginia court order dated 31 March 1641 which stated, “John Geaween being a negro servant unto William Evans was permitted by his said master to keep hogs and make the best benefit thereof to himself provided that the said Evens might have half the increase….And whereas the said negro having a young child of a negro woman belonging to Lieut. Robert Sheppard….the said negro did for his said child purchase its freedom of Lieut. Robert Sheppard…the court hath therefore ordered that the child shall be free from the said Evans.” Source: Free African Americans of North Carolina, Virginia, and South Carolina from the Colonial Period to About 1820. Fifth Edition. Two Volumes Paul Heinegg pg 282

John then indentured Mihil to Christopher Stafford, to be freed at the age of twenty-one. Source: Children of Perdition Melugeons and the Struggle of Mixed America Tim Hashaw 2006/7 pg 27 John also had a son known as Philip Gowen, a mulatto, who was born about 1650. Philip’s mother was not Mary Cornish. Philip’s mother was likely English. While a servant in the Stafford household Mihil had a son of a Kimbundu African slave named Pallassa (also known as Prossa). When released from indentureship Mihil was allowed to take his son, William Gowen with him. Source: Children of Perdition Melugeons and the Struggle of Mixed America Tim Hashaw 2006/7 pg 27. Mihil purchased land in James City County and took a white woman as wife and they had three mulatto sons who they named: Daniel, Christopher and Thomas Gowen. 1 i. Michael1, born say 1635 and died before 11 September 1717. ii. Philip1, born say 1650, was called "Phillip Cowen a Negro" when he petitioned the Governor and Council of State for his freedom. He was the servant of Amye Beazleye whose 9 April 1664 will stated that he was to be free and receive three barrels of corn and a suit of clothes after serving her cousin Humphrey Stafford for eight years. Stafford sold the remaining years of his indenture to Charles Lucas who forced Philip to acknowledge an indenture for twenty years before the Warwick County court [Colonial Papers, Library of Virginia microfilm, p.19, fol. 2]. On 16 June 1675 he was called "Philip Gowen negro Serving Mr. Jno Lucas" when the court ordered that his indenture in Warwick County was invalid, that Philip was free, and that he should be paid three barrels of corn according to Mrs. Amye Beazleye's will [McIlwaine, Minutes of the Council, 411]. John also had a son known as Philip Gowen, a mulatto, who was born about 1650. Philip’s mother was not Mary Cornish. Philip’s mother was likely English.

Phillip Gowen Freed 1675

TRANSCRIPTION Page 1 of 1 Phillip Gowen Was Freed, June 16, 1675 To the R:t Hon:ble S:r William Berkeley Kn:t Govern:r & Capt. Gen:ll Of Virg:a with the Hon:ble Councell of State:

The petition* of Phillip Gowen a Negro, In all humility Sheweth: That yor petr being a serv:t to Mrs Amye Beazlye late of James Citty County Widdow decd the said Mrs Beazlye made her last will & testament in writeing under her hand & seale, beareing date the 9th day of Aprill An Dom. 1664: and amongst other things, did order, will, & appoint, that yor petr by the then name of Negro Boy Phillip, should serve her Cousin M:r Humphrey Stafford, the terme of Eight yeares then next ensueing, and then should enioy his freedome, & be paid three barrells of Corne & a sute of Clothes. As by the said will appeares, Soone after the makeing of which will, the said Mrs Beazlye depted this life, and yor petr did continue & abide with the said Mr. Stafford (with whome he was orderd by the said will to live.) some yeares, and then the said Mr. Stafford sold the remainder of yor petrs time, to one Mr. Charles Lucas, with whome yor petr alsoe continued, doeing true & faithfull Service, but the said Mr Lucas coveting yor petrs Service longer then of right itt was due, did not att the expiration of the said Eight yeares, discharge yor petr from his service, but compelled him to serve three yeares longer then the time sett by the said M:rs Beazleys will, and then not being willing yor petr should enioy his freedom, did contrary to all honesty & good conscience, with threts & a high hand, in the time of yor petrs service with him, and by his confedracy with some persons,** compell yor petr to sett his hand to a writeing, which the said Mr Lucas now saith, is an Indenture for twenty yeares, and forced yor petr to acknowledge the same in the County Court of Warwick. Now for that may itt please yor hon:rs yor petr was att the time of the makeing the said forct writeing, in the service of the said Mr Lucas and never discharged from the same, the said M:r Lucas alwaies uniustly pretending that yor petr was to serve him three yeares longer, by an order of Court, is untrue, which pretenses of the said Mr Lucas will appeare to yor honrs by t[he] testimony of persons of good creditt: YOR PETR therefore most humbly prayeth yor honrs to order that the said writeing soe forced from him be made void, and that the said Mr Luca[s] make him sattisfaction for the said three yeares service above his tim[e] and pay him Corne & Clothes with costs of Suite: And yor petr (as in duty bound) shall ever pray &c.

• A common abbreviation in seventeenth century writing for "tion" (the construction that sounds like "shun" in the words petition or plantation) was "con" with a tilde or a line over the omitted letters.
  • Another common abbreviation in seventeenth century writing is the "tailed p" it often looks like a letter p with two descenders or with a crossed descender and it stands in for the letters per or par or pre and similar constructions as in the words percent or parent.

Citation: Virginia (Colony), Colonial Papers, Petition, 1675 June 16, Accession 36138, State Government Records Collection, Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia He may have been identical to Philip Gawen who was listed in the quit rent roll for James City County with 50 acres in 1704 [VMHB XXI:220].

Michael Gowen b. 1635

1. 1. Michael1 Gowen, born say 1635, was the "negro" servant of Christopher Stafford who gave him his freedom by his 18 January 1654 York County will after four years of service. Accordingly, Stafford's sister Amie Barnehouse discharged "Mihill Gowen" from her service on 25 October 1657, and she gave him his child William, born of her "negro Prossa" [DWO 3:16]. Since nothing further is said of Prossa, she probably remained a slave. If she and Michael had any more children, they too would have been slaves. Perhaps Michael married a free woman - most likely white since most branches of the family were very light skinned. Also, there may not have been any eligible free African American women in York County at that time. “Most free African American families that originated in colonial Virginia and Maryland descended from white servant women who had children by slaves or free African Americans, and many descended from slaves who were freed before the 1723 Virginia law requiring legislative approval for manumissions. Source: Children of Perdition Melugeons and the Struggle of Mixed America Tim Hashaw 2006/7 Perhaps most intriguingly very few families that were free during the colonial period descended from white slave owners who had children by their slaves, perhaps as few as one percent of the total.” Source: Free African Americans of North Carolina, Virginia, and South Carolina from the Colonial Period to About 1820. Fifth Edition. Two Volumes Paul Heinegg

Michael1 Gowen patented "30 or 40 acres" in Merchants Hundred Parish in James City County on 8 February 1668 and died before 11 September 1717 when this land was mentioned again in James City County records: It appears that Mihil Goen late of the said County of Jas. City dyed seized of 30 or 40 acres [Duvall, James City County, 42, 78]. Mihil’s children were 2 i. William1, born 25 August 1655. 3 ii. ?Daniel1, born say 1657. 4 iii. ?Christopher1, born say 1658. 5 iv. ?Thomas1, born 8/25/1655 Yorktown, York Co.,VA. Died 3/1/1726 Stafford, VA

William Gowen b 1655

2. William1 Gowen (Michael1), born 25 August 1655, son of Prossa, was baptized by Mr. Edward Johnson on 25 September 1655 [York County DWO 3:16]. He received a grant for land in Charles City County on 20 April 1687 [Patents 7:58]. He may have been the father of 6 i. Edward1, born say 1681.

Daniel Gowen b 1657

3. Daniel1 Gowen (Michael1), born say 1657, received a patent for 100 acres in Kingston Parish, Gloucester County, adjoining his own land on 1 May 1679 and another 52 acres in Gloucester County adjoining Henry Preston, Ambrose Dudley, and Captain Ranson on 26 April 1698 [Patents 6:679; 9:147]. He may have been the ancestor of: i. James3, born say 1728, taxable in Gloucester County in 1770. Perhaps his widow was Mary Gowen, taxable on 120 acres in 1784. He and his unnamed wife were the parents of Sarah Gowen, born 16 January 1759 [Mason, Records of Colonial Gloucester, 33, 95].

Christopher Gowen b 1658

4. Christopher1 Gowen (Michael1), born say 1658, may have been named for Christopher Stafford, Michael1 Gowen's master. Christopher and his wife Anne Gowen were living in Abingdon Parish, Gloucester County, in January 1679 when their son Michael was born [Wynn, Abingdon Parish, Gloucester County, Register, 319]. Their children were: 7 i. Michael2, born in January 1679. 8 ii. ?Philip2, born say 1685. iii. ?Christopher2, purchased 150 acres on the north side of the Roanoke River in Bertie County, North Carolina, on 25 March 1728 [DB C:23].

Thomas Gowen b 1655

5. Thomas1 Gowen (Michael1), born 1655, was living in Westmoreland County between 1693 and 1702 when he was involved in several minor court cases, both as defendant and plaintiff, for debts. His wife was Winona (Winu-na) “Dakota” Cherakee born in 1656 in Cherakee, NC. She was considered to be Cherokee in origin. She died in Stafford, VA in 1740. In 1703 he provided security of 2,000 pounds of tobacco for Chapman Dark that he would return to the county after travelling to Maryland to get testimony that he was a free man. On 1 March 1704/5 the court ordered him to pay Edward Barrow 1,200 pounds of tobacco which Thomas lost to him in a horse race [Orders 1690-98, 90, 244a, 250a; 1698-1705, 33, 39a, 56a, 109, 174, 190a, 190, 238a, 254a]. He was called Thomas Goin of Westmoreland County on 8 June 1707 when he was granted 653 acres in Stafford County below the falls of the Potomac River. This land was adjoining Robert Alexander's land according to a 29 May 1739 Prince William County deed [Gray, Virginia Northern Neck Land Grants, 39, 125]. In an 8 May 1767 land dispute a seventy-year-old deponent, Charles Griffith, related a conversation which he had with Major Robert Alexander forty-three years previously in 1724. Major Robert Alexander, who owned land adjoining the Gowens, supposedly said of them, he had a great mind to turn the Molatto rascals (who were then his tenants) of[f] his land. Griffith further stated that he was at a Race in the same year where the Goings were (who then had running horses) and that the old people were talking about the Goings taking up Alexanders land and selling it to Thomas and Todd which land the old people then said was in Alexanders back line or at least the greatest part of it ... and if it were not for the Alexanders land ... the Goings would not be so lavish of their money of which they seemed to have plenty at that time ... [Sparacio, Land Records of Long Standing, Fairfax County, 89]. "Thomas and Todd," mentioned in the abstract, owned 1,215 acres in Stafford County on Four Mile Creek adjoining Robert Alexander on 3 August 1719 which was land formerly surveyed for Thomas, John, William, and James Goins [Gray, Virginia Northern Neck Land Grants, 69]. Later in his testimony Griffith mentioned conversations with Thomas and James Gowen. Thomas' children may have been: 9 i. William2, born say 1680. 10 ii. James1, born say 1683. iii. Peter Goeing, born say 1690, granted 187 acres in King George and Stafford counties adjoining Alexander Clements and Shrines' land on 7 October 1724, but the deed was canceled and the land granted to John Mercer [Northern Neck Grants A:86].

(Go to the Children of Thomas)

Edward Gowen b 1681

6. Edward1 Gowen (William1, Michael1), born say 1681, was taxable on 150 acres in Kingston Parish, Gloucester County, in 1704 [Smith, Quit Rents of Virginia, 1704, 37]. He may have been the father of 11 i. Edward2, born say 1700.

Children of Christopher 1

Michael Gowen b 1679

7. Michael2 Gowen (Christopher1, Michael1) was born in January 1679 in Abingdon Parish, Gloucester County [Wynn, Abingdon Parish, Gloucester County, Register, 319] and was living in New Kent County on 4 July 1702 [Bockstruck, Virginia's Colonial Soldiers, 218]. He was probably living near the New Kent - Hanover County line on 14 July 1720 when the New Kent County court ordered the vestry of St. Paul's Parish, Hanover County, to take "Michl Gowing's Male Tithables" [Chamberlayne, Vestry Book of St. Paul's Parish, 93]. His children may have been i. John2, born say 1705, purchased 170 acres including a plantation in St. Martin's Parish, Hanover County, from Shirley Whatley on 7 June 1734 [Court Records 1733-8, 71-3]. Perhaps John Gowen was the ancestor of Henry Going who was head of a Hanover County household of 8 persons in 1782 [VA:27]. 12 ii. Mary1, born say 1708. 13 iii. Ann1, born say 1719.

Philip Gowen b 1685

8. Philip2 Gowen (Christopher1, Michael1), born say 1685, was living in New Kent County on 4 July 1702 [Bockstruck, Virginia's Colonial Soldiers, 218]. He may have been the father of: 14 i. George1, born say 1715. ii. William, born say 1720, sued for trespass in Goochland County in July 1741. Job Thomas sued him in May 1742 but failed to prosecute. He and his wife Anutoice brought an action of trespass upon the case against William Harris which was dismissed in August 1752. On 20 January 1755 he purchased 50 acres on a branch of Licking Hole Creek called the Plum Tree Branch in Goochland County from Thomas Starke for 12 pounds, and on 18 July 1757 he sold this land (signing) to Jeremiah Rach for 14 pounds [DB 6:440; 7:177]. In September 1755 the sheriff attached a horse belonging to Henry Adkins for a 7 pounds, 10 shilling debt he owed William. William Harris sued him for trespass in a case that was dismissed by agreement in August 1752. John Pleasants, Sr., sued him for 15 pounds damages in December 1763 [Orders 1735-41, 580; 1741-4, 36; 1750-7, 155, 170, 189; 1761-5, 250, 417, 573]. iii. Edward, born say 1722, sued by Mary Sutton in Goochland County in May 1745. She failed to prosecute and the case was dismissed in July 1746. Samuel Jordan sued him for debt in February 1746/7, but he also failed to prosecute [Orders 1747-9, 67, 176, 212]. 15 iv. Agnes1, born say 1725. 16 v. David1, born say 1727. vi. Philip3, born say 1740, taxable in Goochland County in 1767 and 1769 [List of Tithables 1767-1780, frames 18, 52, 109], married Judith Potter and had a daughter named Molly who was born 4 March 1770, baptized 27 May [Jones, The Douglas Register, 87]. He was in the list of men in the Amherst County Militia in 1781 [William & Mary Digital Archives, Swem Library's Special Collections, Cabell Papers Box 2, Folder11.pdf; https://digitalarchive.wm.edu/handle/10288/16244]. He was head of an Amherst County household of 13 persons in 1783 [VA:48] and 12 in 1785 [VA:83]. He and his descendants were counted as white in the 1810 Virginia census. 17 vii. Mary Anne, born say 1742.

Children of Thomas 1

William Gowen b 1682

9. William2 Gowen (Thomas1, Michael1) was probably born about 1682 in James City, James Co., VA. He died in Stafford, VA before 3/6/1726. He and Evan Thomas were granted 124 acres in Stafford County on Jonathan's Creek of Occaquan River on 10 September 1713, and he was granted 180 acres on the main run of Accotinck Creek on 28 February 1719 [Gray, Virginia Northern Neck Land Grants, 54, 70]. He sold the land on Jonathan's Creek on 6 May 1724. His wife Katherine Gowing was called a widow in a 6 March 1726 Stafford County deed by which she purchased 112 acres in Overwharton Parish near Rattlesnake Branch of Pope's Head Run from her son Ambrose, which Ambrose's father, William Gowing, was granted by patent of 12 November 1725 [DB J:121, 353]. She was called Caerine Padderson (Pattersonth) in her 21 May 1739 Prince William County will which was proved 23 July 1739 by her son John Going. She left slaves and land to her children Alexander and Susanna Going [WB C:180-181]. Thomas Ford, a neighbor of William2 Gowen [Joyner, Virginia's Northern Neck Warrants, 156], was a witness to the will. William and Katherine's children were 18 i. John1, born say 1702. ii. Ambrose, born say 1704, who sold William2's land to his mother. iii. Susanna, who received a slave by her mother's will. 19 iv. ?William3, born say 1710. 20 v. Alexander, born say 1712.

James Gowen b 1683

10. James1 Gowen (Thomas1, Michael1), born say 1683, sold 652 acres in Stafford County on Four Mile Run adjoining Thomas Pearson on 4 March 1730 [DB C:118]. He may have been the ancestor of i. Daniel2, born about 1730, a 5'4", twenty-seven-year-old planter from Stafford County who was listed in the 13 July 1756 size roll of Captain Thomas Cocke's Company of the Virginia Militia. He was called a hatter in the July 1757 size roll of Captain Joshua Lewis' Seventh Company of the Virginia Regiment [Clark, Colonial Soldiers of the South, 385, 449]. 21 ii. Luke, born say 1740. iii. Michael5, born say 1742, head of a Shenandoah County household of 7 persons in 1785 [VA:105]. iv. Joseph4, born say 1750, taxable in Loudoun County from 1769 to 1776, listed as Samuel Canby's tithable from 1771 to 1776 [Tithables 1758-1799, 477a, 576, 636, 670, 731, 780, 806a], head of a Fairfax County household of 7 persons in 1782 [VA:17]. His indenture to Samuel Canby was proved in Loudoun County court on 2 October 1772 [Orders 1770-3, 433]. v. George2, born say 1750, "free Negro" head of a Fairfax County household of 8 "other free" in 1810 [VA:257]. vi. Jason1, born before 1762, taxable in Loudoun County in 1774 and 1779 [Tithables 1758-1799, 768, 898a]. He was called the "brother of Luke Goins" on 23 December 1795 when they obtained certificates as "free Negroes" in Loudoun County. The certificate stated that Jason had been living in the neighborhood of John Littleton for upward of twenty years [Certificates of Free Negroes at the Loudoun County courthouse, transcribed by Townsend Lucas]. There was a court case in Loudoun County on 14 November 1786 in which Jason's suit against James Elliott abated by the death of the plaintiff [Orders 1785-6, 383]. He was a 90-year-old "Mulatto," born in Virginia, counted in the 1850 census for Guernsey County, Ohio, in the household of Benjamin Simpson. He was a 90-year-old "Mulatto," born in Virginia, counted in the 1850 census for Guernsey County, Ohio, in the household of Benjamin Simpson.

Children of Edward 1

Edward Goeing b 1700

11. Edward2 Goeing (Edward1, William1, Michael1), born say 1700, was sued by Francis Tyree for a debt of 450 pounds of tobacco in Charles City County in August 1737. He sold land by deed he acknowledged in court in Charles City County in May 1746 [Orders 1737-51, 16, 409]. He may have been the father of i. Phillis Goeing, born say 1720, presented by the grand jury in Charles City in November 1739 for having a bastard child. She petitioned the court in July 1745, apparently asking that her children be bound to George Gibson, but the court ordered the churchwardens to bind them out because Gibson failed to answer her petition. On 7 August 1754 the churchwardens of Westover Parish sued her for debt, probably for having an illegitimate child [Orders 1737-51, 105, 117, 371, 383; 1751-7, 112, 142, 251]. 22 i. Michael3, born say 1722. 23 ii. James2, born say 1725. 24 iii. Edward3, born say 1727. 25 iv. Joseph1, born say 1730. 26 v. David2, born say 1735. 27 vii. Shadrack1, born say 1737. viii. Suffiah, born say 1739, head of a Pittsylvania County household of 12 persons in 1785 [VA:100]. 28 ix. John7, born say 1740. x. Moses3, born say 1743, testified in Henry County court on 27 April 1780 that he had served as a soldier in Captain James Gunn's Company in Colonel Byrd's Regiment in 1760 (in the French and Indian War) but had not received bounty land. On 28 March 1783 he owned land on both sides of the North Mayo River when the Henry County court allowed him to build a water grist mill on it [Orders 1778-82, 86; 1782-5, 75]. He was taxable in Henry County from 1782 to 1786, charged with 2 tithes in 1785 and 1786 [Personal Property Tax Lists, 1782-1830, frames 18, 38, 87, 152, 217].

Children of Michael 2

Mary Going b 1708

12. Mary1 Going (Michael2, Christopher1, Michael1), born say 1708, was living in Brunswick County, Virginia, in April 1740 when the court ordered her children Drury and Eleanor bound to Ralph Jackson. She may also have been the mother of Cave Gowen, a seven-year-old boy who was bound to James Vaughan by the 6 June 1734 Brunswick County court and Thomas and John Going who were bound out by the court in May 1739, no parent named [Orders 1737-41, 254, 302]. Her children were i. ?Cave, born about 1727. ii. ?Thomas3, born say 1734, sued in Brunswick County, Virginia court by James House on 27 November 1759. He sued Joseph King in Brunswick County court on 23 January 1760 [Orders 1757-9, 426; 1760-84, 75]. 29 iii. ?James4 Gowen, born say 1735. iv. ?John4, born say 1736. 30 v. Drury1, born say 1738. vi. Eleanor, born say 1740. vii. ?Frederick1, born say 1745, living in New Hanover County, North Carolina, in December 1767 when there was a warrant for his arrest for contempt and aiding the escape from jail of Richard Burbage who was held on suspicion of horse stealing [Minutes 1738-69, 331]. He and his wife were taxable "Molatoes" in Bladen County in 1770 and 1772 [Byrd, Bladen County Tax Lists, I:34, 95].

Ann Going b 1719

13. Ann1 Going (Michael2, Christopher1, Michael1), born say 1719, sued John Magoffe and his wife Jane in Brunswick County, Virginia, in September 1740 [Orders 1737-41, 353, 379]. Ann was living in Granville County, North Carolina, on 5 September 1753 when the court ordered her "Mulatto" child Cooper bound to John Parnall [Owen, Granville County Notes, vol. I]. She was in Cumberland County, North Carolina, in November 1761 when the court ordered her to "keep in her possession a Mulatto Boy which she now has in order that she may have him here next court" [Minutes 1759-65, 75]. She may have been the Ann Goin who was granted 100 acres on Broad River and both sides of Fannin's Creek in what later became Union County, South Carolina [Lucas, Some South Carolina County Records, 2:524]. On 3 April 1799 the Robeson County court ordered John Ford, Esquire, in South Carolina to take her deposition on behalf of James Terry vs. Willis Barfield [Minutes 1797-1803, 69]. Her children may have been i. Cooper, born say 1752. 31 ii. John6, born say 1758. iii. Olive, born say 1780, head of a Robeson County household of 2 "other free" in 1800 [NC:381] and 2 "free colored" in 1840 [NC:222]. iv. William9, born about 1787, eleven years old when he was ordered by the 3 April 1798 Robeson County court bound apprentice to James Alford [Minutes 1797-1803, 37]. He was head of a Robeson County household of 3 "other free" in 1810 [NC:232] and 6 "free colored" in 1840 (55-100 years old) [NC:222]. On 23 November 1841 the Robeson County court granted him permission to carry his gun in the county [Minutes 1839-43, 240].

Children of Philip 2

George Gowen b 1715

14. George1 Gowen (Philip2, Christopher1, Michael1), born say 1715, and his wife Sarah Gowan were the parents of Aaron, born 9 June, baptized 3 September 1737 in St. Peter's Parish, New Kent County [NSCDA, Parish Register of St. Peter's, 134]. He sued William Chamberlayne for trespass in Goochland County in May 1748. Job Pleasants sued him for debt in February 1748/9 and he sued William Chamberlayne in August 1752 [Orders 1744-9, 436, 476, 506]. In July 1760 William Winston "Essex," who "as well in behalf of Us as for himself" sued Sarah Going, perhaps for failing to list herself as a tithable. He failed to prosecute and was ordered to pay her costs in July 1761 [Orders 1757-61, 318, 429]. George was added to the list of tithables in Goochland County in August 1761. Thomas Whitlock sued him and Sarah Going in a case which was agreed between the parties in July 1764. George and Sarah sued Thomas Whitlock for trespass, assault and battery in February 1765, and Whitlock sued Sarah for debt in the same court. To satisfy the debt, the court ordered the sheriff to sell nine pigs belonging to Sarah in the hands of garnishee William French [Orders 1761-5, 15, 404, 468, 470, 507-8]. George was taxable in Goochland County in 1761, 1764 and 1771 [List of Tithables 1756-1766, frame 167, 295; 1767-1780, frame 200]. They were the ancestors of i. ?Moses1, born say 1735, taxable in Goochland County from 1753 to 1769: taxable on his own tithe and Aaron Going in 1754, taxable on slave Jubbiter in 1763, taxable on Moses Tyler's tithe in 1764 [List of Tithables, 1730-55, frames 253, 299, 336; 1756-1766, frames 30, 155, 175, 252, 281, 295, 369; 1767-1780, frames 69, 119], sued in Goochland County by William Hudnell in April 1763. Thomas Riddle posted his bail. The suit was dismissed on agreement between the parties. He sued James Moseley in April 1763 but the case was also dismissed on agreement. He sued Charles Murler for a 16 pound, 12 shilling debt in August 1763; he was sued by Robert Smith for 30 shillings in May 1764; he acknowledged a debt of 14 pounds, 10 shillings to Messrs. William Pryor and William Merriwether in June 1764 and acknowledged a debt of 15 pounds, 12 shillings to Adams and Thomas Underwood in September 1764 [Orders 1761-5, 145, 151, 158, 228-9, 327, 334, 369, 424]. ii. Aaron1, born 9 June, baptized 3 September 1737 in St. Peter's Parish, New Kent County [NSCDA, Parish Register of St. Peter's, 134], taxable in Goochland County from 1754 to 1764 [List of Tithables 1730-1755, frame 299; 1756-1766, frames 30, 156, 295]. He sued John Winston for trespass assault and battery in Goochland County in June 1760. Winston testified that he only touched the plaintiff gently, but Aaron was awarded 5 shillings [Orders 1757-61, 303, 328-9, 353; 1761-5, 8, 104]. He and his wife Mary had a child named John Going, born 31 July 1763 and baptized 28 August the same year [Jones, The Douglas Register, 65]. He was living in Louisa County on 19 May 1763 when he mortgaged his household goods to Thomas Underwood of Hanover County for 36 pounds currency by deed proved in Goochland County in September 1764 [DB 8:422; Orders 1750-57, 84; 1757-61, 429; 1761-65, 429]. He was taxable in Powhatan County in John Chitwood's household in 1791, charged with his own tax in 1792, 1796 and 1797 [PPTL, 1787-1825, frames 58, 77, 132, 146]. iii. ?Shadrack2, taxable in Powhatan County from 1791 to 1797: his tax charged to Judith Bingley in 1791, called a "Mo" from 1793 to 1795 [Personal Property Tax List, 1787-1825, frames 57, 92, 106, 118, 132, 146].

Agnes Going b 1725

15. Agnes1 Going (Philip2, Christopher1, Michael1), born say 1725, was living in Louisa County on 10 October 1743 when she sued Gilbert Gibson for 3 pounds currency for services done on a contract. On 9 January 1743/4 the court ordered that she receive twenty-five lashes on her bare back for having an illegitimate child. She bound her son Joseph and daughter Sarah Going to James Bunch by 28 November 1759 Fredericksville Parish indenture [Davis, Fredericksville Parish Vestry Book, 29]. On 9 September 1766 she made a deposition in George Gibson's suit against his step-mother Sarah Gibson. On 14 May 1770 the court ordered the churchwardens of Trinity Parish to bind out all her children under twenty-one years except the youngest. On 12 February 1776 she complained to the court about the treatment her son Sherod was receiving from his master William Phillips [Orders 1742-8, 82, 91, 92, 95; 1766-74, 20; 1766-72, 379; 1774-82, 140, 142]. She was taxable in Fredericksville Parish, Albemarle County, from 1787 to 1794: taxable on a free male tithe in 1787 and 1788; taxable on a horse from 1791 to 1794 [PPTL, 1782-1799, frames 116, 153, 203, 347, 419]. She was taxable on 250 acres from 1782 to 1790. In 1791 Sherrod Going was taxable on this 250 acres. This was very poor quality land, taxed at the lowest rate in the county [Land Tax List, 1782-1798, LVA]. It was probably the land which Sherrod received by grant on Buck Mountain Creek in Albemarle County on 30 September 1783 and on the north side of the Green Mountain on 1 June 1798 [Grants H:575; 40:215]. Agnes was the mother of i. ?Moses2, born say 1742, possibly the unnamed child born to Agnes Gowen in Louisa County before January 1743. He was called "Moses Going, mulatto" in his February 1761 to March 1762 account with Archibald Ingram, George Kipper, & Co. of Albemarle County [Weisiger, Albemarle County Court Papers, 23]. He was a taxable in the Trinity Parish, Louisa County household of John Fox in 1770 and in his own household in 1772 [Davis, Louisa County Tithables, 25, 34]. He was required to post a bond of 50 pounds and his security George Gibson posted 25 pounds on 10 July 1775 when Joseph Cooper swore the peace against him in Louisa County court [Orders 1774-82, 126-7]. He purchased 353 acres in Louisa County from Michael Ailstock on 13 January 1777, and he and his wife Agnes sold this land six months later on 9 June 1777 [DB E:14, 156]. On 14 July 1777 he, Joshua Going and Charles Sprouse, Sr., were charged by the Louisa County court with hog stealing, but the sheriff was unable to arrest them because they were in hiding. The court ordered the sheriff to summon a posse to arrest them [Orders 1774-82, 171]. He was taxable in Louisa County on a horse in 1783 and 1785 [Personal Property Tax List, 1782-1814]. 32 ii. Joseph3, born about 1747. 33 iii. Sarah, born about 1751. iv. ?David3, born say 1751, taxable in Fredericksville Parish, Louisa County, in his own household in 1772, taxable in Moses Going's household in 1775, taxable in the Trinity Parish household of Pouncy Bunch in 1774 and taxable in Joseph Bunch's household in 1778 [Davis, Louisa County Tithables, 133, 45, 73]. His suit against Robert Anderson, Gentleman, for trespass, assault and battery was dismissed by the Louisa County court on 13 July 1773 at Anderson's costs [Orders 1766-74; Judgments 1773, frames 362-3]. He was taxable in Fredericksville Parish, Albemarle County, from 1782 to 1809, called a "Mulatto" in 1812, called "David Going Senr. Mula" in 1813 [PPTL 1782-1799, frames 12, 29, 44, 76, 116, 153, 202, 252, 300, 386, 419, 459, 481, 516, 555, 591; 1800-1813, frames 161, 207, 250, 297, 344, 388, 434, 478, 522, 566] and head of an Albemarle County household of 8 "other free" in 1810 [VA:195]. 34 v. ?Benjamin1, born say 1753. 35 vi. ?Joshua1, born about 1753. vii. ?Elizabeth, born say 1760, sued James Usher in Albemarle County court for failing to pay for a gown, an apron, a quilted petticoat, and three linen handkerchiefs. Hannah Witheral was her witness. The court awarded her 2 pounds currency on 7 December 1786 [Orders 1795-8, 229-30]. On 14 May 1793 the Louisa County court ordered the overseers of the poor to bind out her illegitimate daughter Agnes Going to Mary Hancock [Orders 1790-3, 522]. 36 viii. Sherrod1, born about 1760. ix. ?Archibald, born say 1763, taxable on 2 horses and 5 cattle in Fredericksville Parish, Albemarle County, in 1784 [Personal Property Tax List, 1782-1799, frame 44]. x. ?Milly, born say 1763, of Louisa County, married Charles Croucher, 22 June 1785 in Fredericksville Parish, Albemarle County. He was head of a Albemarle County household of 1 "other free" in 1810 [VA:153]. xi. ?Usly, born say 1765, married Jonathan Tyre, 21 October 1786 Albemarle County bond, Shadrack Battles bondsman.

David Going b 1727

16. David1 Going (Philip2, Christopher1, Michael1), born say 1727, was indicted by the Henrico County court on 6 November 1752 for not going to church and for failing to list his "Mulatto" wife as a tithable. He paid a 5 shilling fine for not going to church but pleaded not guilty to the other charge. He failed to appear when the case came to trial in April 1753 and was fined 1,000 pounds of tobacco [Minutes 1752-5, 19, 26, 27, 52]. He was taxable in Goochland County in 1753 and 1754 [List of Tithables, 1730-1755, frames 244, 282]. He sued Richard Farris for trespass, assault and battery in Goochland County but discontinued the suit on 21 May 1754 [Orders 1750-7, 387]. He purchased 400 acres adjoining William Harlow's land in Henrico County from Michael Gawin (Gowen) of Bute County, North Carolina, on 20 March 1765 with John Gawin as witness [Miscellaneous Court Records 6:1943-4]. He and his wife Elizabeth sold 100 acres of this land in the fork of Farrar's Branch adjoining John Harlow, Nathan Dunaway and his own land to David Barnett on 25 October 1770 [Deeds 1767-74, 260]. He was taxable in the upper district of Henrico County from 1784 to 1790: taxable on a horse and 7 cattle in 1785, exempt from tax on his person in 1787 [PPTL 1782-1814, frames 57, 73, 124, 143, 195, 217; Orders 1784-7, 568]. He was taxable on 100 acres on the headwaters of Chickahominy Swamp in the upper district of Henrico County from 1799 to 1805 [Land Tax List 1799-1816]. He left a 17 March 1803 Henrico County will which was proved on 8 March 1805. He left all to his grandson David Going, reserving to Agatha Going peaceful possession where she was then living during her lifetime. He also named grandson John Harlace 4 pounds, left Meredith Childress a bed and furniture, and named his grandson David Going and Meredith Childress his executors. His estate was valued at 55 pounds [WB 3:183-4]. He was probably the father of 37 i. Agnes2, born say 1748

Mary Anne Gowen b 1742

17. Mary Anne Gowen (Philip2, Christopher1, Michael1), born say 1742, was bound out by the churchwardens of Southam Parish, Goochland County, to David Thomas in January 1747/8 [Orders 1744-9]. On 25 May 1761 the Cumberland County court ordered the churchwardens of King William Parish to bind out her son Stephen Goen to Peter Anthony Luckado [Orders 1758-62, 322], and on 16 May 1782 the Powhatan County court ordered the churchwardens of King William Parish to bind out her son Moses Going to Francis Merryman [Orders 1777-84, 225].

She was the mother of: i. Stephen1, born say 1760. ii. Moses6, born say 1775, taxable in Powhatan County from 1792 to 1797 and from 1801 to 1817: called a "Mo" from 1793 to 1795 and from 1801 to 1814; listed with 1 "free negroes & mulattoes" above the age of 16 in his household in 1813 [PPTL, 1787-1825, frames 77, 92, 106, 118, 132, 146, 223, 257, 278, 295, 317, 342, 363, 380, 399, 421, 438, 458, 482, 533]. On 19 August 1818 the Powhatan County court bound a "free boy of Colour" Thomas Going, son of Fanny Findley, to him as an apprentice carpenter [Going, Thomas (M): Indenture of Apprenticeship, 1818, African American Narrative Digital Collection, LVA]. iii. ?Shadrack3, taxable in Powhatan County from 1791 to 1797: his tax charged to Judith Bingley in 1791, called a "Mo" from 1793 to 1795 [PPTL, 1787-1825, frames 57, 92, 106, 118, 132, 146]. iv. Alexander, son of Mary Going, ordered bound out by the churchwardens of King William Parish in Powhatan County on 16 April 1784 [Orders 1777-84, 383]. v. Neptune, son of Mary Ann Going, ordered bound out (with his brother Moses) by the churchwardens of King William Parish in Powhatan County on 20 May 1784 [Orders 1777-84, 386].

Children of William 2

18. John1 Gowen (William2, Thomas1, Michael1), born say 1702 in Fairfax, Stafford Co., VA and died in Luhenburg, VA in 1784. He and his wife Mary sold land, "...part of a tract granted William Gowen, deceased, father to said Gowen..." on Pope's Head Run in Fairfax County on 5 March 1744. John's wife Mary, probably a white woman, was identified as the daughter of Cornelius Keife in a 9 June 1746 Fairfax deed by which he and his wife sold 112 acres on Occoquan Run which had belonged to her father [DB A-1:551; A-2:349]. John and his wife Mary moved to Lunenburg County where he was taxable on two tithables in the list of Lewis Deloney in 1748 [Tax List 1748-52]. He may have been the John Going who was tithable in Granville County in the list of Jonathan White circa 1748 [CR 44.701.19]. On 14 February 1761 he patented 400 acres in Lunenburg County on Reedy Branch [Patents 34:809]. He and wife Mary made a deed of gift of 100 acres of this patent to two of their sons, William and John, on 10 June 1761 [DB 6:378-9]. Their children were: 38 i. William4, born say 1725. ii. John3, born say 1730, who sold the 100 acres of land his father gave him while a resident of Lunenburg County on 1 December 1761 [DB 7:151]. He was probably the John Going who was living in Orange County, North Carolina, in May 1764 when he was a defendant in a court case [Haun, Orange County Court Minutes, 185, 383]. It was reported that Colonel John Hogan of Orange County said he knew him well in 1765 and that he was: a trifling, contemptible fellow, a gambler, and a mulatto ... was then insolvent and probably is so still if alive [NCGSJ IV:157 (Claims of British Merchants after the Revolutionary War)]. He may have been the John Gowen who was granted 100 acres on Tiger River in South Carolina on 19 August 1774 [DB 32:205]. 39 iii. ?Thomas2, born say 1732.

19. William3 Gowen (William2, Thomas1, Michael1), born say 1710, was a planter in Brunswick County, Virginia, on 4 June 1747 when he was fined and had to post security for his good behavior, "having behaved himself in a very disorderly indecent and contemptuous manner to this court" [Orders 1743-49, 204]. He purchased 910 acres on Grassy Creek in Granville County, North Carolina, near the border with Lunenburg County, Virginia, on 5 March 1751 [DB A:343]. He and his family were counted as white taxables in the early Granville Tax lists. He was taxed on two tithes in the 1751 Granville County list of Samuel Henderson. He was in the 8 October 1754 muster of Captain John Sallis' Company in the Granville County Regiment of Colonel William Eaton [Clark, Colonial Soldiers of the South, 722]. He was fined for trespass in the Granville County court on 3 December 1754, 5 March 1755, 1 March 1757, and again on 6 September 1757 [Minutes 1754-70, 11, 43, 46]. In the 1755 Summary Tax List he was taxable on two white tithes for himself and son Joseph [CR 44.701.19]. In 1758 he was taxable on two white polls for himself and son William in the list of James Yancey. On 2 December 1760 he patented two tracts of land in St. John's Parish, Granville County, near the head of Dogwood Branch, one for 650 acres and the other for 667 acres. In 1761 he was taxed on two tithes for himself and James Gowen in Country Line District in the list of Larkin Thompson. He sold 640 acres of his land in Granville on 4 October 1762, made a deed of gift of 350 acres to his son Joseph on 7 August 1765, and the sheriff sold 350 acres of his land for debt on 5 February 1767 [DB E:440-448; F:382; H:28, 226]. He may have been the William Gowen, Sr., who was granted 396 acres on Sink Hole Fork of Middle Tiger River in South Carolina [Pruitt, Spartanburg County Deed Abstracts (DB A:109)]. His children who were taxable in North Carolina were: i. Joseph2, born circa 1740, taxable in his father's household in the 1757 Granville County list of Richard Harris. He received a deed of gift of land in Granville County from his father on 7 August 1765 [DB H:28]. He was taxed in Granville County for the last time in 1767 when he had 3 "white" males in his household in the list of Philips Pryor: Presley Harrison, John Cunningham, and Minor Cockram. By 1771 he was in South Carolina where he received a grant for land in the northwest part called the Tiger River tract [DB 23:539]. ii. William5, born circa 1742, taxable in Granville County in 1758. He may have been the William Gowen, Jr., who was granted 116 acres on Mill Creek in South Carolina [Owens, Patent Land Survey, 15]. iii. James5, born circa 1745 since he was taxable in 1761 in his father's Country Line District household.

20. Alexander Gowen, born say 1712, may have been named for the Gowens' neighbor in Stafford County, Major Robert Alexander. He received 66 acres by his mother's will, and sold it on 14 August 1747 [Fairfax DB B:253]. He was in North Carolina by 15 July 1760 when he received a patent for 600 acres in Orange County in St. Matthew's Parish on both sides of Hogan's Creek [Hoffman, Granville District Land Grants, 273]. He may have been the Alexander Gowing who was sued for a 3 pounds, 15 shilling debt by Thomas Dudley in July 1773 and sued Zachariah Waller for 2 pounds, 2 shillings on 24 September 1773 in Pittsylvania County, Virginia. He died before 23 September 1779 when William Armstrong's case against him was dismissed by the defendant's death [Orders 1772-5, 236, 253-4; 1777-83, 273]. His wife was apparently Sophia Going, Senior, who purchased for 30 pounds 400 acres "on the country line" in Pittsylvania County from Daniel Going of South Carolina on 4 September 1781 [DB 7:546]. She was called Seth Gowing when the deed was proved in court on 19 December 1785. Sethe or Lethe was head of a Pittsylvania County household of 11 free persons in 1782 [VA:41] and called Suffiah Going when she was head of a household of 12 free persons [VA:100. Sophia was called the administrator of the estate of Alexander Going, deceased, when she was sued by Sophia Going, Junior, on 20 March 1798 on testimony of James Saunders of Caswell County, North Carolina. Sophia, Sr., was apparently living on land claimed by George Clopton on 21 May 1798 when he sued Sophia, John, Jesse and Sherwood Going as tenants [Orders 1783-7, 354; 1795-8, 461, 479, 486; 1798-1801, 23, 59]. Sophia, Jr., perhaps suing for her part of her father's estate, was awarded 20 pounds, 5 shillings by a jury on 21 November 1799. Sherwood Going became a defendant in the suit when Sophia, Sr., failed to meet the payment of a bond [Orders 1798-1801, 109, 180, 204, 233]. In the tax lists she was called Sethey in 1782, Suffiah in 1785 and thereafter: listed with 8 slaves, 5 horses and 16 cattle in 1782; 6 slaves, 4 horses, and 9 cattle in 1784; 8 slaves, 3 horses and 10 cattle in 1785; taxable on 6 free males, a slave and 3 horses in 1788; on 2 slaves and 3 horses in 1790; on J. Rodgers' tithe, a slave and 4 horses in 1792; taxable on Sherwood Going's tithe in 1793; a slave and 4 horses in 1794 [PPTL 1782-97, frames 192, 211, 217, 236, 343, 428, 476, 538, 598, 623]. She recorded a bill of sale to Sherwood Going in Pittsylvania County court on 16 June 1800 [Orders 1798-1801, 295]. Alexander and Sophia were the parents of children who were all considered white in the 1813 Pittsylvania county tax list: i. ?John, taxable in Pittsylvania County in 1782 to 1797 [PPTL 1782-97, frames 192, 694, 717, 768]. ii. ?Jesse, taxable in Pittsylvania County from 1782 to 1796 [PPTL 1782-97, frames 192, 217, 237, 257, 280, 694, 717]. iii. Sherwood2, born say 1772, married Ruth Bennett, 30 April 1793 Caswell County bond, James Gillaspy bondsman. He was taxable in Pittsylvania County from 1790 to 1797: listed with his unnamed mother in 1793 and from 1795 to 1797 [PPTL 1782-1797, frames 236, 476, 515, 538, 598, 623, 694, 717, 768]. iv. Sophia, Jr., mother of illegitimate child Benjamin Going bound out by the Pittsylvania County court on 20 November 1798 [Orders 1798-1801, 58]. Lythe Gowing married William Carter 27 January 1792 Pittsylvania County bond.

21. Luke1 Gowen (James1, Thomas1, Michael1), born say 1740, was taxable in James Hamilton's list for Loudoun County in 1767 with Joseph Hough; taxable in 1768 with William Allin in his household; taxable on his own tithe and Samuel Johnson in 1769; taxable on his own and Joseph Proctor's tithe in 1774; taxable in Cameron Parish on his own tithe and Leonard Goin in 1778; taxable on John McQueen's tithe in 1781; Thomas Hopkins' tithe, 2 horses and 2 cattle in 1782. He was taxable on Moses Gowen's tithe in 1787, 1788, 1790, and 1792; taxable on Peyton Gowen's tithe in 1797; called a blacksmith in 1812 [Tithables 1758-1799, 395, 409, 477, 492, 768, 832, 861, 1022, 1320; PPTL 1782-7; 1787-97; 1797-1812]. On 17 October 1783 he acknowledged in Loudoun County court a debt of 45 pounds to John Hough with interest from 11 April 1769, with allowance for a payment of 1 pound, 13 shillings made on 11 October 1770. On 17 June 1784 the court ordered that his tithables, including himself, 2 horses and 2 cattle, be added to the list of Thomas Respass [Orders 1783-5, 170, 351]. He was head of a Loudoun County household of 10 "other free" in 1810 [VA:288]. He and his wife Margaret were certified to be "free Negroes" in Loudoun County on 23 December 1795. The certificate stated that they had been living in the neighborhood of John Littleton for above thirty years [Certificates of Free Negroes at the Loudoun County courthouse, transcribed by Townsend Lucas]. He may have been the father of i. Leonard, born say 1762, taxable in Luke Goin's Loudoun County household in 1774, taxable on his own tithe in 1780 [Tithables 1758-1799, 993]. He was the father of Elihu Goins who was born 15 April 1788. Elihu married Susannah, the daughter of Anthony Lucas. Susannah was born 25 April 1785 [Certificates of Free Negroes at the Loudoun County courthouse, transcribed by Townsend Lucas]. He sued Luke Going in Loudoun County court on 16 February 1791 but the case was agreed before coming to trial [Orders 1790-1, 102]. He was taxable in Loudoun County from 1787 to 1813: taxable on 4 tithes in 1813 (his wife and two children?) [PPTL 1787-97]. Perhaps his widow was the Susannah Goin who was head of a Loudoun County household of 13 "free colored" in 1830. ii. Lucretia, taxable on a horse in Loudoun County in 1793 [PPTL 1787-97]. iii. Moses5, born say 1770, taxable in Loudoun County from 1787 to 1791 and in 1801 [PPTL 1787-97; 1797-1812]. iv. Jason2, not yet twenty-one when he was taxable in Loudoun County in 1787, taxable in 1791 and 1797 [PPTL 1787-97]. v.Luke2, Jr., taxable in Loudoun County from 1795 to 1805, listed in Luke Gowen, Sr.'s household in 1795 and 1803 [PPTL 1787-97; 1797-1812], head of a Loudoun County household of 8 "free colored" in 1830. vi. Peyton, taxable in Loudoun County from 1795 to 1813: taxable in Luke Gowen's household in 1795 and 1797, taxable in Walter Elgon's household in 1796, a "Mulatto" taxable in 1809 and 1811, listed with his unnamed wife in 1813 [PPTL 1787-97; 1797-1812]. vii. Zachariah, born about 1775, sixteen and a half years old on 12 April 1791 when the Loudoun County court bound him to John Keough to be a blacksmith [Orders 1790-1, 158], taxable in Loudoun County from 1797 to 1809: a "Mulatto" taxable in 1805, 1806 and 1809 [PPTL 1787-97; 1797-1812]. viii. Joseph5, head of a Loudoun County household of 4 "other free" and 1 white woman in 1810 [VA:292]. ix. William, taxable in Luke Gowen's household in 1799 and 1803, a "Mul" taxable in 1811 [PPTL 1797-1812].

22. Michael3 Gowen (Edward2, Edward1, William1, Michael1), born say 1722, was sued for debt in Henrico County in June 1744 [Orders 1737-46, 267]. He was called Michael Gawin when he was granted 400 acres in Henrico County on 30 June 1743 adjoining William Harlow. Land adjoining Michael Going, Farrar's Branch and Orphant's line was patented in Henrico County on 15 September 1752 [Patents 21:424; 31:193]. He was living in Bute County, North Carolina, on 20 March 1765 when he sold this land to David Gawin [Miscellaneous Court Records 6:1943-4]. He was taxable in John MacKisick's household in the 1750 Granville County, North Carolina tax list of Edward Jones [CR 44.701.23]. On 3 May 1752 he purchased 225 acres on both sides of Taylors Creek in Granville County [DB B:73]. He was taxed as a "Black" tithe in 1753 in the list of Osborn Jeffreys, as a "white" tithe in Jeffreys' 1754 list, and as a "black" tithe in the 1755 tax summary. He was in the 8 October 1754 Muster Roll of the Granville County Regiment of Colonel William Eaton, Captain Osborne Jeffrey's Company: Thomas Gowen Mulatto Mickael Gowen Mulatto Edward Gowen Mulatto [Clark, Colonial Soldiers of the South, 718]. He was taxed in 1759 in the list of John Pope with John Wilson, both called "Mulattoe," and he was taxed in Pope's 1761 list with the notation, "Refuses to list his wife," probably claiming that he was white. He may have been identical to Michael Going whose estate was attached in Culpeper County on 18 August 1763 by Artomenas Robertson for 3 pounds, 3 shillings [Minutes 1763-4, 407, 441]. He was taxed in the Bute County List of Philemon Hawkins in 1771: Michle Gowine & Wife & Sons Michile & David Doughter Elizebeath Wm Wilson 0 white/ 6 black/ 6 total [1771 List of Taxables, p.11]. He was in Prince George Parish, Craven County, South Carolina, on 3 June 1778 when he made a deed of gift of 80 acres on the south side of Taylor's Creek on the border of Bute and Granville Counties to Jenkins Gowen, no relationship stated. Jenkins (his nephew?) was to take title to the land at the death of Michael's brother Edward and his wife who were given permission to live on the land [Granville County WB 1:193]. His children were i. Michael4, Jr., born say 1738, a defendant in a 3 September 1755 Granville County court case. ii. Elizabeth, born before 1760 since she was taxable in Michael Gowen's household in 1771. iii. David4, born before 1760 since he was taxable in Michael Gowen's household in 1771. He may have been the _avid Gowen who received thirty nine lashes in Granville County for petty larceny in 1773 [Minutes 1773-83, 1].

23. James2 Gowen (Edward2, Edward1, William1, Michael1), born say 1725, was not mentioned in Granville County, North Carolina records until 1756, so he may have been living in Virginia before then. He received a patent for 529 acres in St. John's Parish, Granville County on Wharton's Branch on 29 November 1756 [DB E:439]. He and his son William, "Mulattoes," were taxable in the 1759 Granville County list of John Pope and were delinquent taxpayers that year. In 1762 he was taxable in Fishing Creek District with his son William, with the notation "Refs. to list his wife," and he was an insolvent taxpayer from 1762 to 1764. He was the father of 40 i. William6, born before 1748.

24. Edward3 Gowen (Edward2, Edward1, William1, Michael1), born say 1727, purchased 100 acres on the south side of Mill Creek in Brunswick County, Virginia, on 2 June 1748 [DB 3:444]. He was sued in Brunswick County court in September 1753 [Orders 1753-56, 65]. He was taxable in 1753 in Osborn Jeffrey's Granville County tax list, and he was a "Mulatto" listed in the 8 October 1754 muster roll of Captain Osborne Jeffreys' Granville County Company [Clark, Colonial Soldiers of the South, 718]. He was prosecuted in Edgecombe County by the Attorney General for concealing his tithables in August 1756 [Haun, Edgecombe County Court Minutes, I:131], but he still refused to list his wife in the Granville County Tax List for 1765 [CR 44.601.20]. He and his wife were two "Black" taxables in Bute County in the list of Philemon Hawkins in 1771 [1771 List of Taxables, p.6]. On 3 June 1778 his brother Michael, while a resident of South Carolina, allowed him to remain on 80 acres on Taylor's Creek [WB 1:193-4]. The sheriff sold this land shortly afterwards on 3 August 1779 [DB M:179], and Edward was taxed on 90 acres in nearby Ford Creek District, Granville County, in 1782. He was probably related to Elizabeth Bass since he made over all his interest in her estate to his nephew Thomas Gowen on 14 October 1788 [WB 2:79]. He was head of a Granville County household of 2 free males and 3 free females in the 1786 state census and head of a Granville County household of 5 "other free" in 1810 [NC:905]. His children were i. Edward4, born circa 1744 in Virginia, taxable in 1761 in his father's household in the list of Robert Harris. In 1767 he was head of his own household, one Black male, in John Pope's list. He enlisted from Bute County in the North Carolina Continental Line for 9 months in September 1778: Edward Going private, place of abode: Bute, born Virga, 5'7", 35 years of age, Black Hair; black eyes [N.C. Archives, digital collection, Troop Returns, B4F35, http://digital.ncdcr.gov/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p16062coll26...]. In May 1792 he received voucher no. 300 for six pounds, 12 shillings specie, being one fourth of his pay and interest to August 1783 for military service [North Carolina Revolutionary Pay Vouchers, 1779-1782, https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:Q2WT-GZKT]. On 3 August 1779 he entered 75 acres on the South Hyco Creek in Caswell County (called Edward Gains) [Pruitt, Land Entries: Caswell County, 89] and in 1784 he was taxed on one poll and 100 acres on Hyco Creek in St. Luke's District, Caswell County. This part of Caswell County became Person County in 1791, and he was taxed on 245 acres and one poll in Person County in 1793 [N.C. Genealogy XVII:2678, abstracted as Edward Gains]. He was head of a Person County household of 6 "other free" in 1800 [NC:599]. He and Jenkins Goins sold their claims for Revolutionary War pay to John Hall of Hyco, Caswell County, on 27 April 1791 [NCGSJ IX:224]. He gave his age as 90-100 years in August 1832 and on 30 January 1833 when he appeared in Granville County court and applied for a pension for his service in the Revolution [NARA, S.6899, M804, https://www.fold3.com/image/22780909]. Perhaps he was the Edward Goins who was the great grandfather of Daniel Goins, born about 1816, who made an affidavit in Randolph County, North County household in the 1761 list of Robert Harris. He was called Rapes Gowing when he was listed as a private in the Pay Roll of the the son of William, grandson of William, and great grandson of Edward Goins, who was "Slitly mixt about an eight" [Randolph County Genealogical Society, The Genealogical Journal, Winter (1980): 21]. ii. Reeps, born circa 1749, taxable in his father's Granville 2nd South Carolina Regiment on 1 November 1779 [NARA, M246, Roll 89, frame 107 of 389, ancestry.com]. iii. ?Jenkins, born about 1761, a seventeen-year-old "mullato" in 1778 when he enlisted in Captain John Rust's Company of Granville County militia [The North Carolinian VI:726 (Mil. TR 4-40)]. He received 30 acres by a Granville County deed of gift from Michael Gowen (his uncle?) on 3 June 1778 [WB 1:193]. He was taxable in Granville County in 1790. iv. ?Jesse1, born say 1762, married Sealey Bairding, 9 June 1784 Caswell County bond, John Going bondsman.

Other members of the family in Person County were i. Goodrich, born say 1764, purchased 175 acres on Cane Creek in Caswell County on 1 November 1784 and sold it five years later on 4 January 1798 [DB C:3; F:163]. He was taxed on this 175 acres and one poll in St. Lawrence District, Caswell County, in 1784. On 6 September 1791 he married Betsey Matthews, Caswell County bond with Allen Going bondsman. He was head of a Person County household of 7 "other free" in 1800 [NC:612] and 5 in 1810 when his name was interlined [NC:702]. Gutrige Goin was a "Mulatto" taxable in the southern district of Halifax County, Virginia, taxable from 1802 to 1804, perhaps identical to Birbridge Goin, a "Mulatto" taxable there in 1805 and 1806 [Personal Property Tax Lists, 1800-12, frames 186, 317, 372, 517, 626] and called Berridge/ Burbage Goin in Patrick County from 1809 to 1813: listed as a Mulatto" in 1812 and 1813 [Personal Property Tax Lists, 1791-1823, frames 515, 537, 553, 569, 598]. Beveridge Going, born before 1776, was head of a Patrick County household of 3 "free colored" in 1820 [VA:106]. Burbridge Gowing was taxable in Person County in 1793. He married Agnes Harris, daughter of James Harris, 26 July 1810 Patrick County bond. ii. Isham, born say 1770, married Fanny Going, 26 November 1792 Person County bond, with Patrick Mason bondsman. He was head of an Orange County household of 4 "other free" in 1800 [NC:565] and 6 in 1810 [NC:876]. iii. Patsy, born say 1772, married Patrick Mason, 3 December 1790 Caswell County bond, Zachariah Hill bondsman. iv. Allen, born say 1774, married Rebecca Goins, 7 April 1795 Person County bond. He was head of a Person County household of 7 "other free" in 1800 [NC:621] and 10 in 1810 [NC:625].

25. Joseph1 Gowen (Edward2, Edward1, William1, Michael1), born say 1730, was taxable in his own Lunenburg County household in the 1752 list of Field Jefferson [Tax List 1748-52, 1]. He was a "Black" taxable in the 1755 Granville County summary list and a "Mulattoe" in John Pope's 1759 tax list. On 1 December 1760 he received a patent for 680 acres on both sides of Taylor's Creek, but sold this land less than one year later on 11 August 1761 [DB E:143; D:253]. In 1761 he was taxable in John Pope's list with the notation, "Refuses to list his wife." In 1765 he was listed by John Pope with the notation, "Mullattoe, has a wife and other Family not listed." He was taxed (with his son Nathaniel or a slave by that name?) in John Pope's 1768 list as "Joseph Gowin his Nat 2 tithes." He was last taxed in Granville County in 1771. One of his children may have been i. Nathaniel, born say 1755. He was brought to Granville County court in 1773 with Robert Locklear on an unspecified charge, but they were released on payment of their prison charges when no one appeared against them [Minutes 1773-83, 1].

26. David2 Going (Edward2, Edward1, William1, Michael1), born say 1735, purchased land by deed proved in Halifax County, Virginia, in August 1765 [Pleas 1764-7, 122]. Charles Perkins of Rowan County sued him in Pittsylvania County in July 1768 for a debt of 84 pounds David owed from 1 August 1764 of which he had paid 27 pounds in October 1767. In his promissory note David (signing) referred to himself as "David Going late of Halifax County" [Court Records 1767-72, 219; Judgments 1770-1771, frame 38]. He sold land by deed proved in Pittsylvania County court in May 1773, and he sued Peter Rickman on 25 June 1773 for a 3 pound debt due by account [Court Records 1772-5, 158, 211-2]. On 17 August 1778 he owned land on both sides of Spoon Creek when the Henry County court allowed him to build a water grist mill the creek [Orders 1778-82, 15]. He was taxable in Henry County from 1782 to 1790: taxable on William, Charles and Jacob Going in 1783 and 1784; listed with 3 unnamed sons in 1785; 4 unnamed sons, 10 horses and 17 cattle in 1786; listed with William and Jacob in 1787; 5 tithes in 1788 [PPTL, 1782-1830, frames 8, 37, 88, 218, 301, 352]. He received a grant for 94 acres on Spoon Creek in Henry County on 30 March 1789 [Grants 19:297]. He was taxable in Patrick County from 1791 to 1800: listed with 6 horses in 1791, 2 tithes from 1792 to 1795, 3 in 1797 [PPTL, 1791-1823, frames 150, 207, 251, 288]. He sold land by deed proved in Patrick County on 29 May 1794 [Orders 1791-1800]. He was the father of i. ?John, may have been the John Goin who was listed in the May 1778 Pay Roll of Captain Mosely's Company of the 7th Virginia Regiment at Valley Forge and the December 1778 Pay Roll mustered on 13 January 1779 at Middle Brook, New Jersey [NARA, M246, Roll 105, frame 74 of 806; Roll 102, frame 38 of 774, ancestry.com]. He was taxable in Henry County from 1782 to 1790: taxable on a horse and 3 cattle in 1782, taxable on Ward Barrett's tithe in 1786, living on the Dan River from 1787 to 1790 [PPTL, 1782-1830, frames 8, 88, 158, 218, 253], and taxable on the Dan River in Patrick County from 1791 to 1805: taxable on 2 tithes in 1802, 1804, 1805 [PPTL, 1791-1823, frames 150, 343, 396]. He was called John Going, Sr., "Molatto," in Patrick County in 1812, in a list of "free Negroes & Mulattoes" in 1813 and 1814 [PPTL, 1791-1823, frames 537, 598, 614]. Administration on his estate was granted Lindy P. Stovall on 12 October 1820 [Orders 1810-21, n.p.]. ii. William, taxable in Henry County from 1783 to 1790 [PPTL, 1782-1830, frames 314, 352] and taxable in Patrick County from 1791 to 1814: listed with 2 tithes in 1791, called "Sr." in 1803, listed on the Dan River in 1806, listed with 2 tithes in 1809 and 1811, in a list of "free Negroes & Mulattoes" in 1813 and 1814 [PPTL, 1782-1830, frames 150, 177, 207, 234, 288, 343, 369, 396, 455, 515, 553, 598, 616]. His land on the west side of Little Dan River in Patrick County adjoining Shadrack Going's land was mentioned in a 19 August 1805 grant [Grants 54:212]. He appeared in Hawkins County, Tennessee court on 20 May 1819, called William Going or Gowan, and applied for a pension for his service in the Revolution. He stated that he enlisted in the Spring of 1780 at Halifax County, Virginia courthouse under Captain Tilman Dixon in the 18th Regiment commanded by Henry Dixon. He gave his age as 56 when he appeared in court again on 29 August 1820 and stated that he was a day laborer or farmer with a 45-year-old wife, a boy 11 years old, a girl 16 years, a girl 5 and a boy 2 years old. He was 72 years old on 12 February 1834 when he appeared in Surry County, North Carolina court and testified that he was born 13 September 1761 in Rockingham County, Virginia, moved when very young to the part of Henry County that was then Patrick County where he resided until 10 years previous when he moved to Hawkins County. His widow Mary Going appeared in Patrick County court on 23 May 1853 to apply for a widow's pension. One of her witnesses stated that William and Mary were married on 2 January 1800 and raised a familly of seven children. Mary was 78 years old and stated that they were married in 1797 or 1798 in Patrick County. According to the family register, their son Woodson was born 2 November 1803, Morgan born 17 July 1805, daughter Mourning died an infant, daughter Rachel then about 50 years old. Her husband was born 13 September 1761 and died 28 May 1849 [NARA, W.7546, M804, https://www.fold3.com/image/22778397, accessed 10 October 2015]. iii. Jacob, born about 1762, married Nancy Smith, 18 January 1792 Patrick County bond, John Camron surety. He was taxable in Henry County from 1784 to 1787 [PPTL, 1782-1830, frames 88, 253], taxable in Patrick County in 1791, 1792, 1798 and 1800 [PPTL, 1791-1823, frames 151, 251, 288], and head of a Stokes County household of 6 "other free" in 1800 [NC:495]. He was about seventy years of age and living in Vermillion County, Illinois, on 7 June 1832 when applied for a Revolutionary War pension, stating that he was born in Henry County, Virginia, that he lived in Kentucky for about thirty years, then lived for seven years in Vincennes, Indiana [NARA, S.32273, M805, reel 368, frame 0115]. He was counted as white in the 1830 census for Vermilion, Illinois, a male between 70 and 80 years of age. iv. Charles, born about 1763, taxable in Henry County from 1783 to 1790 [Personal Property Tax Lists, 1782-1830, frames 302, 352], taxable in Patrick County from 1791 to 1795 [Personal Property Tax Lists, 1791-1823, frames 151, 177, 207]. He was about seventy years old on 22 October 1833 when he applied for a Revolutionary War pension, stating that he had been born in Henry County, lived there until 1797, then moved to Kentucky and moved to Gallatin in 1815 [NARA, S.31072, M805, reel 368, frame 0144]. v. Martha, born say 1779, married Peter Burress, 7 June 1797 Patrick County bond with the consent of David Going.

27. Shadrack1 Gowen (Edward2, Edward1, William1, Michael1) born say 1737, listed his tithables in Halifax County, Virginia on 15 September 1763. He was presented by the court in May 1765 for concealing a tithable who may have been his wife. The case against him was dismissed in August 1766, perhaps on his payment of the tax. He won a suit against John Bates in Halifax County court for about 2 pounds in July 1767. He purchased land by deed proved in Halifax County court in August 1768 [Pleas 1764-7, 46, 358, 454; 6:221]. He was head of a Halifax County household of 12 persons in 1782 [VA:23] and 10 in 1785 [VA:89]. He was taxable in Halifax County from 1782 to 1785 [Personal Property Tax Lists, 1782-1799, frames 7, 25, 35, 63]. His land on the west side of Little Dan River in Patrick County adjoining William Going's land was mentioned in a 19 August 1805 grant [Grants 54:212]. He sold land by deed proved in Halifax County on 17 November 1785 [Pleas 1783-6, 242]. He was taxable in Patrick County from 1791 to 1805: listed with 2 tithables from 1791 to 1794, 3 in 1795 and 1796, 2 in 1798, taxed on 5 horses but not tithable from 1800 to 1805 [Personal Property Tax Lists, 1791-1823, frames 150, 193, 220, 251, 288, 343, 396, 425], exempted by the court on 31 May 1798 from paying tax on his person [Orders 1791-1800, n.p.]. He made a Patrick County deed of gift to his grandson Shadrack Beasley in 1803 [DB 2:268]. He left a 4 June 1805 Patrick County will which was returned to court in December 1805, leaving his wife Hannah furniture and the use of his house during her lifetime, to be divided between Jerushe and Keziah Going at her death. He left his plantation on both sides of the Little Dan River to his son Obediah, left a cow to Rebecca Going, daughter of Fanny Going and wife of Edmond Bowlin, left 5 shillings each to sons John Going, David Smith Going, James, Claiborn, Solomon, Shadrack, and Caleb Going; left 5 shillings to daughter Fanny Bowling, wife of Edmund Bowling and Hannah Beazley, wife of Thomas Beazley [WB 1:80-1]. On 24 July 1806 his children Jerusha, John, David Smith, James, Fanny, Claiborne, Shadrick and Leaborne Gowing were in Grainger County, Tennessee, when they appointed Henry Howell to sue Obediah Gowing for settling the property unfairly and submitting a will which was not Shadrack Gowing's [Patrick DB 3:87]. Shadrack was the father of i. David4, born about 1754, head of a Halifax County, Virginia household of 2 persons in 1782 [VA:24] and 4 in 1785 [VA:89]. He was taxable in Halifax County from 1782 to 1793 and from 1796 to 1806: called a "Mulo" from 1792 to 1806, living at Walne's in 1796 and 1797, a planter in the list of "free Negroes & Mulattoes" living on "D.C." (Difficult Creek?) with wife and two daughters over the age of sixteen in 1801. He may have been the father of John and William Going who were listed as "Mulo" in 1794 and 1795 [Personal Property Tax Lists, 1782-1799, frames 7, 71, 302, 417, 442, 732, 819; 1800-12, frames 59, 187, 517, 676]. He registered in Halifax County on 11 October 1802: aged about forty eight years, six feet and a half inch high, light yellow Colour, inclining to white, straight hair...born free [Register of Free Negroes, no.20]. He was head of a Wythe County household of 8 "other free" in 1810. He was about seventy-six years old on 26 February 1834 when he appeared in Hamilton County, Tennessee court to apply for a pension for his services in the Revolution. He testified that he entered the service in Halifax County, Virginia, moved to Grayson County, Virginia, for three years, then to Wythe County for ten years, then to Grainger County, Tennessee, for fourteen years and lived in Hamilton County for one year. His younger brother Laban Goens testified on his behalf [NARA, S.3406, M805-362, frames 27-30]. 41 ii. James, born say 1758. iii. Jerusha, born about 1760, head of a Stokes County household of 3 "free colored" in 1820. On 12 April 1821 she obtained a Patrick County, Virginia, Certificate of Freedom: Jarussa Going, dark, aged about 62; Polly Going, light complexion, aged 28; son Andrew Going 9, all residing on Little Dan River. The certificate was recorded about twenty years later in Highland County, Ohio [Turpin, Register of Black, Mulatto, and Poor Persons, 8]. iv.John7, born say 1760, head of a Halifax County, Virginia household of 2 persons in 1782 [VA:23] and 4 in 1785 [VA:89]. He was head of a Grainger County household of 9 "other free" in 1810. v. Nathaniel, born say 1766, taxable in Henry County from 1787 to 1790 [Personal Property Tax Lists, 1782-1830, frame 253, 352], taxable in Patrick County from 1791 to 1793 [Personal Property Tax Lists, 1791-1823, frames 150, 177]. He died on 21 September 1793 after being struck in the head with a weeding hoe by Robert Hall according to a 9 November 1793 Patrick County jury of inquest held at Shadrack Going's plantation. Robert Hall was examined for the murder but not charged, perhaps because his accusers could not legally testify against him [WB 1:53]. Shadrack Going was granted administration on his estate on 10 December 1793 [WB 1:6, 53]. vi. Hannah, married Thomas Beasley of Patrick County, Virginia. vii. Claiborn2, taxable in Henry County from 1788 to 1790 (with the notation "Dan River") [PPTL, 1782-1830, frames 301, 314, 352], taxable on the Dan River in Patrick County from 1791 to 1794 [PPTL, 1791-1823, frames 150, 177, 193]. He was taxable on 100 acres on Young's Creek in 1809 and head of a household there of 8 "other free" in 1810. He was a "Free black man" living in Grainger County in 1820 when he complained that he could not prove his accounts by his own oath [Schweninger, Race, Slavery, and Free Blacks, Series 1, 184]. viii. Fanny, wife of Edmund Bowlin, head of a Grainger County household of 8 "other free" in 1810, and mother of Rebecca Going who received a cow by her grandfather Shadrack's will. ix. Laban, born about 1764, taxable in Henry County in 1790 [Personal Property Tax Lists, 1782-1830, frame 352] and taxable in Patrick County from 1791 to 1803 [Personal Property Tax Lists, 1791-1831, frames 150, 207, 250, 370]. He was about seventy years old on 26 February 1734 when he testified in support of the pension application of his brother David in Hamilton County, Tennessee court [NARA, S.3406, M805-362, frames 27-30]. x. Shadrack2, born say 1772, taxable in Patrick County from 1793 to 1798 [PPTL, 1791-1831, frames 177, 207, 234, 250], head of a Grainger County Tennessee household of 5 "other free" in 1810. xi. Caleb, married Polly Duncan, 9 June 1802 Patrick County bond, Harden Dunham surety. He was taxable in Patrick County from 1800 to 1802 [PPTL, 1791-1823, frames 288, 342], taxable in Henry County in 1803 [PPTL, 1782-1830, frame 517] and head of a Grainger County household of 6 "other free" in 1810. xii. Obediah, born say 1777, taxable in Patrick County from 1798 to 1807 [PPTL, 1782-1830, frames 250, 288, 396, 487]. He was a "free man of color" living in Cocke County, Tennessee, in 1819 when he petitioned for the "privileges of a citizen," stating that he was the descendant of persons of mixed race [Schweninger, Race, Slavery, and Free Blacks, Series 1, 183].

28. John7 Gowen (Edward2, Edward1, William1, Michael1), born say 1740, owned land on both sides of Blackberry Creek on 17 February 1777 when the Henry County, Virginia court allowed him to build a water grist mill over the creek. The Henry County court appointed him surveyor of the road from Cogar's path to John Cox's from 27 May 1784 to 25 May 1789 [Orders 1777-8, 5; 1782-5, 149; 1788-91, 44]. He was taxable in Henry County from 1782 to 1801: taxable on 4 horses and 13 cattle in 1782; charged with Zephaniah, Claiborn and James Going's tithe in 1783, listed with 2 unnamed sons in 1784; listed with Claiborn and Asaiah Going in 1785; listed with 4 unnamed sons in 1786; listed with John and Zephaniah Going in 1787; listed with the notation "Black Berry" when he was taxable on 4 tithes in 1788, 6 in 1789 and 5 in 1790 [PPTL, 1782-1830, frames 15, 37, 86, 150, 158, 302, 315]. He received a grant for 156 acres on both sides of Blackberry Creek adjoining his own land in Henry County on 14 April 1796 [Grants 35:153]. He left a 17 March 1801 Henry County will, proved 27 July 1801, by which he lent his wife Elizabeth his stock and household goods and directed that his land in Patrick and Henry counties be sold and divided among his children Zephaniah, Nancy, Susanna, Zedekiah, Simeon, John, Isaiah, Zachariah, Clabourn, and Littleberry Going and Elizabeth Minor, wife of Hezekiah Minor. He named John Stone and John Cox, Jr., his executors [WB 2:37-9]. His estate was taxable on a free male tithable in 1802, 3 free males in 1803, 4 free males in 1804 [PPTL 1782-1830, frames 504, 517, 531. Elizabeth Going was administratrix of an estate on 24 November 1803 when she sued Joseph Newman in Patrick County court [Orders 1800-10, n.p.]. She was taxable in Henry County on 3 free tithes in 1805 and 2 in 1806 and 1807 [PPTL, 1782-1830, frames 553, 578]. The inventory of her estate totaled $546 and was proved in March 1814 [WB 2:205-6]. John was the father of i. Simeon, taxable in Henry County in 1807 and 1810 [Personal Property Tax Lists, 1782-1830, frames 578, 591]. ii. Zephaniah, born say 1762, taxable in Henry County from 1783 to 1796 and in 1802: listed with 2 tithables in 1794 [PPTL, 1782-1830, frames 159, 302, 402, 428, 504], taxable in Patrick County from 1797 to 1799 [PPTL, 1791-1823, frames 234, 268]. He was head of a Roane County, Tennessee household of 6 "free colored" in 1830. He was about seventy-six years old and living in Hawkins County, Tennessee on 18 December 1834 when he applied for a Revolutionary War pension, stating that he had entered the service in Henry County [NARA, R.4165, M805, reel 368, frame 0134].. iii. Zedekiah, taxable in Patrick County in 1811, in a list of "free Negroes and Mulattoes" in 1813 and 1814, probably identical to Hezekiah Going who was taxable in Henry County in 1803 and in Patrick County from 1804 to 1809, called a "Mulatto" in 1812 [Personal Property Tax Lists, 1791-1823, frames 396, 487, 553, 569, 598, 616, 664, 679, 696, 713]. iv. Claiborn1, born say 1764, taxable in Henry County from 1783 to 1787 [Personal Property Tax Lists, 1782-1830, frames 253]. v. Isaiah, born say 1// taxable in Henry County in 1785 to 1791 [Personal Property Tax Lists, 1782-1830, frames 315, 364]. vi. Littleberry, taxable in Henry County from 1807 to 1814: in a list of "free Negroes & Mulattoes" in 1813 and 1814 [Personal Property Tax Lists, 1782-1830, frames 578, 591, 603, 641, 656]. vii. John, in a list of "free Negroes & Mulattoes" in Henry County in 1813 and 1814 [Personal Property Tax Lists, 1782-1830, frames 641, 656], perhaps the John Going who was about forty-eight years old on 15 November 1824 when he registered as a free Negro in Pittsylvania County. viii. Elizabeth Minor, wife of Hezekiah Minor who was taxable in Henry County in 1802 [Personal Property Tax Lists, 1782-1830, frame 506]. ix. Nancy. x. Susanna. xi. Zachariah.

29. James4 Gowen (Mary1, Michael2, Christopher1, Michael1), born say 1735, was living in Brunswick County, Virginia, on 27 December 1757 when he sued John Cumbo for trespass [Orders 1757-9, 143]. He received a grant for 376 acres adjoining Brewer, Perry, and Cook on Carter's Creek in Brunswick County on 23 May 1763 [Patents 35:137]. He and his wife Amy sold 150 acres of this land in Meherrin Parish on the south side of the Meherrin River on 22 September 1765 [DB 8:359]. Greensville County was formed from Brunswick County in 1781, and James was head of a Greensville County household of 7 persons in 1783 [VA:54]. James, Henry Going, and Avent Massey posted bond in Greensville County on 24 August 1786 for the illegitimate child Henry Going had by Mary Hill [DB 1:173]. He voted in Greensville County in 1792, 1794, and 1795 [DB 1:451; 2:24, 135, 190]. He was taxable in Greensville County from 1782 to; taxable on Edmund, Henry and James Going's tithes in 1782; 3 tithes in 1783, 2 in 1784; 1 in 1785; 2 slaves from 1787 to 1792; 3 in 1794; 4 from 1799 to 1802; 6 from 1806 to 1811 [Personal Property Tax List 1782-1850, frames 4, 17, 22, 28, 42, 63, 107, 126, 136, 179, 244, 259, 273, 287, 302, 321, 336, 353, 372, 402] and head of a Greensville County household of 2 whites and 7 slaves in 1810 [VA:735]. He was probably the father of i. Edmund, born say 1770, taxable in Greensville County in James Going's household in 1782, charged with his own tax in 1790 [PPTL 1782-1850, frames 4, 107]. He married Mary Stewart, daughter of Dr. Thomas Stewart, in Dinwiddie County [Chancery Orders 1832-52, 12]. On 10 November 1794 the Mecklenburg County, Virginia court found him not guilty of stealing John Crew's cow [Orders 1792-5, 364]. He purchased 200 acres on Sandy Creek in Mecklenburg County from his father-in-law on 5 November 1799 for 30 pounds, and he and his wife Polly sold 242 acres on Sandy Creek to Frederick Ivey while resident in Person County, North Carolina [DB 10:176, 188-9]. He purchased 124 acres in Person County from (his cousin) Frederick Going, and sold this land by deeds proved in June 1801 Person County court. On 5 June 1804 he mortgaged a slave named Patty and his farm animals in Person County for 90 pounds [DB C:453]. ii. Henry, born say 1764, taxable in Greensville County from 1782 to 1811: taxable in James Going's household in 1782 and 1791; taxable on 3 slaves in 1800 [Personal Property Tax List 1782-1850, frames 63, 107, 126, 179, 259, 273, 287, 353, 372, 402, 415]. iii. James, Jr., born say 1766, taxable in Greensville County from 1782 to 1806: underage in 1782; taxed in his own household in 1784 and 1785; taxable in John Turner's household in 1788; taxable on a slave from 1800 to 1804; 2 slaves in 1806 [Personal Property Tax List 1782-1850, frames 4, 22, 28, 63, 88, 244, 259, 273, 287, 302, 321, 336, 353]. iv. Benjamin, born say 1773, taxable in Greensville County from 1794 to 1811 [Personal Property Tax List 1782-1850, frames 179, 201, 231, 244, 259, 273, 287, 302, 321, 336, 353, 372, 402, 415]. He took the oath of deputy sheriff in Greensville County on 11 May 1801 [Orders 1799-1806, 125].

30. Drury1 Going (Mary1, Michael2, Christopher1, Michael1), born say 1738, was paid 5 pounds for a year's work according to the account of the Brunswick County, Virginia estate of Sampson Lanier which was returned 23 July 1759 [WB 3:297]. He purchased 50 acres in Meherrin Parish, Brunswick County, on the south side of the Meherrin River on 28 November 1766 and purchased 223 acres on the north side of Fountains Creek on 4 February 1779. Greensville County was formed from this part of Brunswick County in 1781 [DB 8:505; 13:347]. He was head of a Greensville County household of 4 persons in 1783 [VA:55] and was taxable in Meherrin Parish, Greensville County from 1782 to 1801: taxable on an under-age tithable, 2 horses and 11 cattle in 1783; 1 tithe in 1784 and 1785; 4 in 1786; his own tithe and Thomas Going's in 1787 [Personal Property Tax List 1782-1850, frames 3, 13, 22, 28, 34, 42, 63, 108, 136, 179, 201, 217, 231, 244, 273]. On 12 March 1782 the Greensville County court credited him with the value of a gun impressed for the public use (during the Revolution) [Orders 1781-9, 13-14]. He sold 200 acres in Greensville County for 40 pounds on 15 May 1785 [DB 1:106-7]. He was called Drury Going of Greensville County on 1 October 1787 when he sold 50 acres on the south side of the Meherrin River in Brunswick County adjoining Rebecca Stewart's line [DB 14:366]. He may have been the father of i. Frederick2, born about 1760, listed as John Phillips' tithable in Brunswick County, Virginia, in 1784 [PPTL 1782-99, frame 92], William Powell's tithable in Greensville County in 1787 [PPTL 1782-1850, frame 45] and Thomas Stewart's tithable in Mecklenburg County, Virginia, in 1788. He was charged with his own tax in Mecklenburg County from 1790 to 1802: taxable on slave Phillis in 1796 and taxable on slave Patsy in 1800 [PPTL, 1782-1805, frames 223, 372, 544, 613, 713, 822, 873, 899]. He married Suckee Chavous, 9 March 1789 Mecklenburg County, Virginia bond, with a note from the bride's father, Henry Chavous, Sr. Frederick Ivey was security, James Stewart, Robert Singleton, and Belar Chavous witnesses. And he married, second, Mary Brandon, 29 December 1800 Mecklenburg County bond. He purchased 250 acres on the east side of Blue Wing Creek in Person County, North Carolina, on 16 September 1793 and sold 124 acres of this land while a resident of Mecklenburg County, Virginia, on 6 July 1801 [DB A:147; C:290]. On 14 April 1800 the Mecklenburg County, Virginia court granted him a license to keep an ordinary at his house [Orders 1798-1801, 331]. He was head of a Sumner County, Tennessee household of 10 "free colored" in 1820 and a "free man of Color" who stated that he was about seventy-eight years old on 21 March 1838 when he appeared in Lawrence County, Alabama court to apply for a pension for services in the militia during the Revolution. He stated that he was born on the Meherrin River in the part of Brunswick County, Virginia, from which Greensville was formed after the war, and he was about sixteen years old when drafted. He was in Illinois on 2 December 1842 when Daniel Hay wrote a letter inquiring about the status of his application [NARA, R.4167, M805-362, frames 14-24]. 42 ii. Thomas4, born say 1761. iii. Marcus/ Mark, born before 1776, probably one of Drury Going's tithables when he and Thomas Going were ordered to work on the road in Greensville County from the Falling Run to the county line on 25 June 1789 [Orders 1781-9, 416]. He married Sarah Jones, 29 September 1794 Greensville County bond, Robert Brooks Corn bondsman. On 23 September 1799 Mark and his wife Sally sold 35 acres adjoining Robert Watkins, and he and his wife, together with Robert and Sally Watkins, sold 9 acres which their wives had inherited from their father Thomas Jones [DB 2:576, 577]. On 24 August 1799 he was paid as a witness for William Lanier in the Greensville County suit of William Stewart [Orders 1790-9, 635]. He was taxable in Greensville County from 1788 to 1803 and from 1810 to 1815: taxable in Drury Going's household in 1791; listed with Michael and Sally Gowing as "Mulattos" in 1813 [Personal Property Tax List 1782-1850, frames 63, 126, 136, 179, 188, 201, 217, 244, 259, 273, 287, 302, 402, 415, 446, 482]. He was a "M"(ulatto) taxable on a horse in St. Luke's Parish, Southampton County, in 1805 and 1806 [Personal Property Tax List 1792-1806, frames 807, 843] and head of a Greensville County household of 3 "free colored" in 1820 [VA:261].

31. John6 Gowen (Ann1, Michael2, Christopher1, Michael1), born say 1758, made his Robeson County will on 19 February 1800. He gave his unnamed wife the right to use his plantation which was to revert to his son John who was not yet twenty-one years of age when he wrote the will [WB 1:60]. His wife was probably Sarah Gowen who was granted administration on his estate by the 6 April 1802 Robeson County court [Minutes 1797-1803, 193]. She conveyed land to Elizabeth Gowen by deed proved in Robeson County court on 26 May 1812 [Minutes 1806-13]. His son was i. John10, born say 1785, appeared in Robeson County court for an unnamed offence on 2 July 1805 [Minutes 1803-06, 329]. He was one of three John Goines counted as white in Robeson County in 1810 [NC:232, 239].

32. Joseph3 Going, born about 1747, was twelve years old when he was bound as an apprentice planter to James Bunch in Louisa County on 28 November 1759 [Davis, Fredericksville Parish Vestry Book, 29]. He was taxable in James Bunch's Trinity Parish, Louisa County household in 1767 [Davis, Louisa County Tithables, 10] and taxable in Fredericksville Parish, Albemarle County, from 1783 to 1792: taxable on 2 tithes from 1788 to 1792 [PPTL, 1782-1799, frames 29, 44, 76, 116, 202, 300, 346]. On 2 November 1789 he purchased 85 acres in Albemarle County on a branch of Lynches River from Thomas Burrus and sold this land to Sabret King in 1796 [DB 10:81-3; 12:25]. He may have been the father of i. Thomas, born say 1772, taxable in Fredericksville Parish, Albemarle County, from 1789 to 1796 and from 1811 to 1813: listed with "Jos. S" (either Joshua or Joseph's son) after his name in 1811 and 1812; called "J.S. a Mula" in 1813 [Personal Property Tax List, 1782-1799, frames 202, 251, 300, 386, 419, 459, 481; 1800-1813, frames 477, 521, 566]. ii. Anthony, born say 1776, taxable in Fredericksville Parish, Albemarle County, in 1793 [PPTL, 1782-1799, frame 386]. His suit with Joseph Going as his next friend against William Harris was dismissed by the Albemarle County court on 12 August 1793 [Orders 1791-3, 480].

33. Sarah Going, born about 1751, was eight years old when she was bound to James Bunch of Louisa County as an apprentice planter on 28 November 1759 [Davis, Fredericksville Parish Vestry Book, 29]. On 17 March 1774 she was living in Trinity Parish, Louisa County, when she sued Gideon and Jordan Gibson for assaulting her in 1773. The suit was dismissed by the consent of the parties at the defendants' costs on 11 April 1774 [Orders 1774-82, 42, 113; Judgments, 1773-April 1774, frames 1027-32]. She was the mother of Amey Going who was bound apprentice by the churchwardens of Trinity Parish, Louisa County, on 9 January 1775 [Orders 1774-82, 42, 113; Judgments, 1773-April 1774, frames 1027-32]. She registered in Campbell County on 12 May 1802: 5 feet 8 Inches, 45 years old, Malattoe, born free in Louisa County [A Register of Free Negroes and Mulattoes, 1]. She was the mother of 43 i. Amey, born about 1770.

34. Benjamin1 Going, born say 1753, was taxable in Fredericksville Parish, Albemarle County, from 1782 to 1800: taxable on 2 tithes from 1788 to 1790, 3 in 1791, 2 in 1792, 3 in 1793, 2 in 1794 and 1795, 3 in 1796 and 1797, 2 from 1798 to 1801; 3 from 1802 to 1807; 2 in 1809; 1 from 1810 to 1813: called a "Mula" in 1813 [PPTL, 1782-1799, frames 12, 44, 116, 201, 300, 386, 459, 515, 590; 1800-1813, frames 28, 118, 208, 297, 388, 478, 567]. He purchased 200 acres in Albemarle County from John Ward in 1805 [DB 15:125]. He was head of an Albemarle County household of 4 "other free" in 1810 [VA:195], and 5 "free colored" in 1820 with a female slave over the age of forty five. He died about 1827 when his executors sold 123 acres in Albemarle County to (his son) James Goins [DB 26:277]. He was the father of i. Mary, born say 1773, daughter of Benjamin Goin who consented, married Richard Broke (Brock), 3 January 1791 Albemarle County bond, Charles Barnett bondsman. ii. James6, born say 1776, taxable in Fredericksville Parish, Albemarle County, from 1792 to 1813; called "B.S." (Benjamin's son) starting in 1806; called a "Mula" in 1813 [Personal Property Tax List, 1782-1799, frames 347, 386, 419, 481, 459, 515, 555, 590; 1800-1813, frames 28, 74, 160, 208, 251, 297, 344, 388, 435, 478, 522, 567]. He married Jenny Ailstock, 2 December 1799 Albemarle County bond, Michael Ailstock bondsman. On 7 May 1801 the Albemarle County court ordered James and Benjamin Gowin to pay their debt of $23 to William Frailey, subject to a credit of $14.50 paid on 10 July 1800 [Orders 1800-1, 362]. He was head of a Albemarle County household of 8 "other free" in 1810 [VA:196]. iii. Jesse, born say 1778, called Ben's son when he was taxable in Fredericksville Parish, Albemarle County, from 1798 to 1811 [Personal Property Tax List, 1782-1799, frames 555, 590; 1800-1813, frames 28, 74, 117, 160, 208, 251, 297, 344, 388, 435, 478]. iv. Anderson, born say 1791, taxable in Fredericksville Parish, Albemarle County, from 1801 to 1810: called "B.S." (Benjamin's son) from 1805 to 1807; called "J.S." (Joshua's son) in 1809 and 1810 [Personal Property Tax List, 1800-1813, frames 74, 118, 160, 208, 251, 297, 344, 435, 478]. v. ?Agnes/ Aggy, married Richard Newman, 7 September 1793 Albemarle County bond, Benjamin Going bondsman. vi. Daniel4, born say 1783, taxable in Fredericksville Parish, Albemarle County, in 1801 and 1802 from 1810 to 1813: called B.S. (Benjamin's son); called a "Mula" in 1813 [Personal Property Tax List, 1800-1813, frames 28, 73, 435, 479, 522, 567]. He purchased 80 acres in Albemarle County from M. P. Walton in 1825 [DB 25:238].

35. Joshua1 Going, born about 1753, was drafted into the Revolution from Louisa County for 18 months on 17 April 1781 and was sized on 14 May: age 28, 5'7-1/4" high, yellow complexion, born in Louisa County [The Chesterfield Supplement or Size Roll of Troops at Chesterfield Court House, LVA accession no. 23816, by http://revwarapps.org/b81.pdf (p.55)]. He was taxable in Fredericksville Parish, Albemarle County, from 1783 to 1813: taxable on 2 tithes in 1792, 1793, and 1796; 3 tithes in 1797; 2 from 1798 to 1800; 2 from 1802 to 1804; and 2 in 1809; called a "Mula" in 1813 [PPTL, 1782-1799, frames 29, 59, 116, 202, 300, 386, 459, 516, 591; 1800-1813, frames 29, 117, 208, 297, 435, 522, 567]. He sold personal property to (his son) David Going by Albemarle County deed in 1792 [DB 10:388]. He was the father of i. John, born say 1777, taxable in Fredericksville Parish, Albemarle County, from 1793 to 1796 and called "Jos. S." (either Joshua or Joseph's son) from 1805 to 1813; called a "Mula" in 1813 [Personal Property Tax List, 1782-1799, frames 386, 419, 459, 481; 1800-13, 252, 297, 344, 388, 434, 478, 522, 567], perhaps the John Goings, born about 1780, who was a "Mulatto" counted in the 1850 census in the household of Lindsey Goings. ii. Jesse, born say 1776, taxable in Fredericksville Parish, Albemarle County, from 1794 to 1813: called Joshua's son; called a "Mula" in 1813 [PPTL, 1782-1799, frames 419, 459, 516, 590; 1800-1813, frames 29, 118, 208, 297, 522, 567]. He married Jenny Ailstock, 2 December 1799 Albemarle County bond, Michael Ailstock bondsman, and was head of an Albemarle County household of 6 "other free" in 1810 [VA:196] and 10 "free colored" in 1820. iii. David5, born say 1780, taxable in Fredericksville Parish, Albemarle County, from 1802 to 1813: called Joshua's son in 1810; called "little David" in 1812 and 1813; a Mula" in 1813 [Personal Property Tax List, 1800-1813, frames 118, 435, 479, 522, 567]. He was head of an Albemarle County household of 3 "other free" in 1810 [VA:196]. He purchased personal property from (his father) Joshua Going by Albemarle County deed in 1792 [DB 10:388]. iv. Caty, born say 1788, married James Tyree, 21 December 1807 Albemarle County bond, Joshua Gowen bondsman and father of the bride. v. ?Jonathan, born say 1795, taxable in Fredericksville Parish, Albemarle County, in 1812 and 1813: listed with "Jos. S." (Joshua's son) after his name in 1812; called "J.S. a Mula" in 1813 [Personal Property Tax List, 1800-1813, frames 521, 566].

36. Sherrod1 Going, born about 1760, enlisted in the Revolution for three years in the 14th Virginia Regiment and enlisted again for 18 months in Albemarle County on 20 March 1781. He was sized on 19 April 1781: age 21, 5'8-1/2", yellow complexion, born in Louisa County, former service: 14th Va. Regt, 3 yrs [The Chesterfield Supplement or Size Roll of Troops at Chesterfield Court House, LVA accession no. 23816, by http://revwarapps.org/b81.pdf (p.11)]. He was taxable on 250 acres of land in Albemarle County from 1791 to 1804. This was the 250 acres which Agnes Going had been taxable on from 1782 to 1790 [Land Tax List, 1782-1798, LVA]. He was taxable in Fredericksville Parish, Albemarle County, from 1783 to 1813: listed with 2 tithables from 1810 to 1812; 3 in 1813 when he was called a "Mula" [PPTL, 1782-1799, frames 29, 59, 116, 251, 386, 459, 516, 591; 1800-1813, frames 28, 118, 207, 297, 388, 478, 566]. He purchased 70 acres from Ephraim Sammonds in 1787 and sold 100 acres to James Dunn in 1805 [DB 9:335; 15:135]. He married Susannah Simmons, 5 June 1791 Albemarle County bond. He sued Joseph Hicks for assault and battery in Albemarle County court on 12 August 1797, but the jury found for the defendant. On 18 August 1797 he was accused of stealing a quantity of corn from Absolem Clarkson and was ordered to be tried at the district court in Charlottesville [Orders 1795-8, 378, 381-2]. He was head of an Albemarle County household of 12 "other free" in 1810 [VA:196] and 9 "free colored" in 1820. He purchased 20 acres in Albemarle County from M. Pickett in 1822 [DB 23:58]. He was a "man of colour" who gave his age as seventy-two when he appeared in Albemarle County court to apply for a pension on 9 October 1828 for three years service in the 14th Regiment and another service of 18 months. He stated that he owned about 200 acres on one of the spurs of the Blue Ridge. He had a wife, a boy aged 10 and another aged 12. He appeared in court again on 14 May 1829 and reported that his two sons had died. He died on 23 November 1837 according to his widow Susannah's application for a widow's pension [NARA, W.7545, M804, roll 1087, frame 234; https://www.fold3.com/image/246/22778244]. Susan was head of an Albemarle County household of 9 "free colored" in 1840. Most of his land, 217 acres, was sold to the sheriff in 1840 [DB 38:106]. Sherwood was the father of i. ?Frances, born about 1795, registered in Albemarle County on 6 November 1825: a free born woman of coulor born free in this county and I have been acquainted with her father and mother for upwards of fifty years and do know that they were both free peopple of collor. Robert Davis. Francis Goin is five feet 10 inches three quarters high, 30 ys old, dark complexion [Goin, Frances (F, 30): Free Negro Affidavit, 1825, African American Narrative Digital Collection, LVA]. ii. Ann, born about 1797, daughter of Sherod Gowen, married John Gowen, 3 January 1810 Albemarle County bond, Sherod Gowen surety. She registered in Albemarle County on 3 August 1833: daughter of Sharod & Susanna, the wife of John Goins, Born free aged 30 years. Edmund Davis. They were the parents of Matthew Goins who registered in Albemarle County on 23 August 1833: is a free Man born free as his father John Goin and Anna his mother are Free. Edmund Davis [Goins, Anna (F, 30): Free Negro Register; Goins, Matthew (M), 1833, African American Narrative Digital Collection, LVA]. Matthew was head of a Albemarle County household of 4 "free colored" in 1840. iii. Agnes, born about 1810, registered in Albemarle County on 3 August 1833: 23 years of age, Born free, her parents Sherod Goins & Susan his wife both free, 5 feet 1-3/4 inches. Edmund Davis [Goins, Agness (F, 23): Free Negro Register, 1833, African American Narrative Digital Collection, LVA]. iv. Jincy, born say 1808, married Noah Tate, 25 October 1832 Albemarle County bond. On 22 November 1844 Noah and his wife Jincy made an Albemarle County deed of trust for land they inherited from her parents Sherod and Susan Goings [DB 42:444-5]. Noah was head of a Fredericksville, Albemarle County household of 7 "free colored" in 1840. v. ?Chapman, born about 1812, obtained a certificate of freedom in Albemarle County on 9 August 1833: I know Chapman Going and his father & Mother. They were born & raised in Albemarle County and have always passed for free people of Colour, said Chapman Going about 21 years of age [Going, Chapman (M, 21): Free Negro Affidavit, 1833, African American Narrative Digital Collection, LVA].

37. Agnes2 Going, born say 1748, was taxable on (her son?) John Going's tithe and 2 horses in the upper district of Henrico County from 1787 to 1791 [Personal Property Tax List 1782-1814, frames 124, 143, 195, 217, 271]. She was taxable on 97 acres in the upper district of Henrico County from 1799 to 1807 [Land Tax List 1799-1816]. Her children married white and were considered white. She was apparently the mother of i. David, Jr., born say 1764, taxable in the upper district of Henrico County from 1785 to 1791 and taxable on a slave from 1806 to 1813 when he was listed as a white man [Personal Property Tax List 1782-1814, frames 73, 90, 195, 271, 487, 532, 636, 662, 722, 744]. He married Clawey Webb, 17 July 1789 Henrico County bond, surety John Geoine, who testified that Clawey was over twenty-one years of age, Anne Going witness. He was taxable on 100 acres from 1805 to 1815 and taxable on 193 acres adjoining John Harlow in 1816 [Land Tax List 1799-1816]. ii. Mary, born say 1769, gave her own consent to her marriage to Meredith Childers, 23 December 1791 Henrico County bond, surety John Goyne, witness Aggy Goyne. iii. John, born say 1770, his tax charged to Agnes Going in 1787. iv. Milly, married John Harlow, 21 September 1792 Henrico County bond, consent of Agness Goyne, David Going surety, John Goine witness. v. Ann, of lawful age, daughter of Agnes Goine, married Dudley Miner, 22 December 1795 Henrico County bond, Meredith Childers surety. vi. Nancy, married Patrick Childers, 12 December 1797 Henrico County bond.

38. William4 Gowen (John1, William2, Thomas1, Michael1), born say 1725, received a deed of gift of 100 acres in Lunenburg from his parents, John2 and Mary Gowen, on 10 June 1761 and sold this land while resident in Lunenburg County on 30 December the same year. He was residing in Orange County, North Carolina, six months later on 6 July 1762 when he sold a further 100 acres adjoining this land in Lunenburg County [DB 7:153, 302]. In November 1763 (his uncle?) Alexander Going had a petition against him in Orange County court [Minutes I:232]. He may have been the William Gowen who received a patent for 300 acres in Cumberland County, North Carolina, on both sides of Pocket Creek on 9 November 1764 and was taxable on one white tithe in 1767 [N.C. Genealogy, XXI:3132]. He was head of a Moore County household of 10 whites in 1790, one white male over 16, four under 16, and five white females [NC:44]. He may have been the same William Gowen who was head of a Moore County household of 10 "other free" in 1790 [NC:43], 9 in 1800 [NC:60], and 6 in 1810 [NC:615]. Moore County records were destroyed in a courthouse fire, so there is no further record of him. His children were probably those counted as "other free" in Moore County: i. Henry, head of a Moore County household of 5 "other free" in 1800 [NC:60] and 9 in 1810 [NC:615]. ii. Levy, born about 1763, head of a Moore County household of 5 "other free" in 1800 [NC:62], 8 in 1810 [NC:615], and he may have been the _ive Goins counted in Moore County with 10 "free colored" in 1820 [NC:307]. He was said to have been about 90 years old on 26 April 1852 when he appeared in Moore County, North Carolina court to apply for a pension for his service in the Revolution. He stated that he volunteered in Fairfield County, South Carolina, in Captain John Gray's Company, commanded by Colonel John Winn. He moved to Moore County soon after the war [NARA, M804, R.3865, Roll 1041, frame 330 of 881, ancestry.com]. He was a 87-year-old "Mulatto" farmer counted in 1850 census for Moore County with (wife?) Amy, Nutty and Joseph Goings with real estate valued at $130, listed as born in North Carolina. iii. Edward5, head of a Moore County household of 2 "other free" in 1810 [NC:615] and 7 "free colored" in 1820 [NC:308]. iv. __lin, head of a Moore County household of 3 "free colored" in 1820 [NC:317].

39. Thomas2 Gowen (John1, William2, Thomas1, Michael1), born say 1732 in Bedford Co., VA, and died in 1801 in Randolph Co., NC. His wife was Elizabeth Hardister who was born in 1731 in VA and died in 1800 in Randolph Co., NC. He was taxable in the 1751 Lunenburg County household of (his father?) John1 Gowen in the list of Richard Witton [Tax List 1748-52]. On 30 May 1752 he purchased 150 acres in Granville County on both sides of Taylors Creek at the mouth of Spring Branch [DB B:53]. He was in the Granville County list of Osborn Jeffreys, adjoining Michael and Edward Going, taxable on one white and one black poll in 1753 and one black poll in 1754. He was called a "Mulatto" in Captain Osborne Jeffreys' Company in the 8 October 1754 Muster Roll of the Granville County Regiment of Colonel William Eaton [Clark, Colonial Soldiers of the South, 718]. In the 1761 list of John Pope he had Moses Gowen in his household with the notation "Refuses to List his wife," and in 1764 he and Moses were taxed in John Pope's list for St. John's Parish as two white polls. In 1768 he was tithable on three persons: himself, John Gowin, and Alston Hopkins who was white.

• • In 1780, called Thomas Gowen Sr.**, he was taxed on an assessment of 997 pounds, and he was taxed on 150 acres in 1785. He was head of a Granville County household of 4 free males and 5 free females in the 1786 state census in Dutch District. On 25 January 1788 he sold his land in Granville [DB O:555], and he may have moved to Montgomery County where Thomas Gain was counted in the 1790 census with 3 white males and 5 white females in his household [NC:164]. ***By his 7 February 1797 Randolph County will he divided his land among his youngest sons Burgess and Burton and named his daughters Vini Hardister, Hali and Elizabeth [Ancestry.com. North Carolina, Wills and Probate Records, 1665-1998 (database on-line). Original Wills]***. His children were:

i. Moses4, born circa 1749 since he was taxable in 1761 in the list of John Pope. He may have been the Moses Jewil, alias Gowin, who purchased 100 acres on the south side of the Tarr River on both sides of Middle Creek in Granville County on 2 February 1768 [DB H:481].

45 **Conjecture: See reference to Thomas Gowen, Sr. I think THOMAS GOIN, Rev. War vet., NC Militia, b. 1750-1755 VA, d. 1838 TN was “Sr.”’s son.

• • • “In late 1995 I started an attempt to locate the parents of our 'Old Tommy Goin' and by early 1996 had developed a theory that so far it looks promising. About 1990 LaFaye Gowan of Birmingham, Alabama and I had exchanged information on our two Thomas Goins. Her Thomas Going was born in about 1727-30 and died in 1797, too old to be our Thomas of Claiborne Co., TN. Nothing happened. Then In 1995 I found her correspondence again. This time I saw the possibility. Her Thomas Going wrote his Will on the 7th of February 1797 in Randolph Co., NC and stated in it, "to my two youngest sons, Burgess Goin and Burton Going". If these are the two youngest sons, who were the older sons? Even more compelling, Burton Going/Goin came to Claiborne Co., TN about 1835.Burton Going/Goin brought his children with him and they grew up and married in Claiborne Co., TN. It is known that Burton was a brother of William Goin of Claiborne Co., TN. As early as the 1970's Varion Elmer Goin of Jefferson, Oregon believed that William Goin and Thomas Goin were brothers. If that could be proven, then we would have Thomas' Father. Included with this letter is a copy of the 1797 Will for your records. Additionally, I now have copies of part of Burton's Family Line and am working on the Census Records of Randolph Co, NC to put together the family of Burgess Going.” Source: “Goin & Variants” Family of Thomas Goin of Claiborne Co., TN 1750 VA – 1838 NC Compiled by: Dianne Stark Thurman, 1996

See also Y genome connection.****

• • • • • I also believe that Thomas Gowen, Sr.’s wife to have been Elizabeth Hardister, b. 1731 VA, d. 1800 Randolph, NC.*****

ii. John5, born circa 1756, not identified as Thomas' son but taxed in his 1768 household. iii. Vini, married ____ Hardister. iv. Burgess, born 1780/4, died in Montgomery County in 1849. v. Burton, counted as white in the Randolph County census through 1830. vi. Hali. vii. Elizabeth.

40. William6 Gowen (James2, Edward2, Edward1, William1, Michael1) was born before 1748 since he was taxable in the Granville County household of his father James2 Gowen in 1759. He may have been the William Going who was deceased by 10 November 1783 when his thirteen-year-old daughter Nancy was ordered bound apprentice to William Cope by the Chatham County court. His children (no race mentioned) bound apprentice in Chatham County were i. Nancy, born about 1770, ordered bound apprentice to William Cope by the 10 November 1783 Chatham County court [Minutes 1781-85, 26]. ii. John9, born about 1771, about twelve years old on 10 November 1783 when he was ordered bound an apprentice farmer to William Riddle by the Chatham County court and bound to James Sutter in May 1785 [Minutes 1781-85, 55]. iii. Elizabeth, born about 1772, about twelve years old on 8 November 1784 when she was bound apprentice to William Douglass by the Chatham County court [Minutes 1781-85, 45]. iv. Ann3, born about 1774, about ten years old on 8 November 1784 when she was bound apprentice to James Howard [Minutes 1781-85, 45]. v. William7, born about 1775, bound an apprentice farmer to George Desmukes on 10 November 1783. He was and insolvent taxpayer in Chatham County in 1806 [Minutes 1781-85, 26, 157]. vi. Mary3, born say 1777, no age mentioned when she was removed from William Cope's care in Chatham County [Minutes 1781-85, 45].

41. James Going, born say 1758, was taxable in Henry County from 1783 to 1790 [PPTL, 1782-1830, frames 38, 88, 301, 352]. He purchased for 5 pounds 201 acres on both sides of the Dan River on 21 October 1784 [DB 1:62]. He was taxable on the Dan River in Patrick County from 1791 to 1807: called "Sr." starting in 1793, listed with 2 tithables in 1797, 3 in 1801 [Personal Property Tax Lists, 1791-1823, frames 150, 234, 251, 268, 315, 487]. He left a 24 August 1807 Patrick County will, administration on which was granted to his widow Nancy Going on 29 October 1807, leaving $25 to his daughter Peggy Adams, 5 shillings to his daughter Prudence Goin, 5 shillings to his son Stephen, $55 to his son William Goin, $150 to his daughter Betsy Goin when his youngest children came to age and the remaining to be equally divided between the youngest Arthur, Isaac and Nancy Goin. And his widow was to have an equal child's part. His estate was valued at $520 [WB 1:106, 247]. On 28 April 1809 the Patrick County court appointed Benjamin Going guardian for Arther, Isaac and Nancy Going, heirs of James Going, deceased [Orders 1800-10, n.p.]. On 11 January 1810 his widow Nancy Goins appointed Benjamin Goins of adjoining Surry County, North Carolina, as her attorney to sue Harman Bowman of Surry County [Surry DB 3:351] and she sued Harmon Bowman in Patrick County on 27 April 1810 [Orders 1810-21, n.p.]. James was the father of i. Peggy, born say 1778, married Bartholomew Adams, 8 July 1796, with the consent of her father Jesse James Going, Caleb Going surety. ii. Prudence, a witness with Nancy Going, Margaret Adams, and William Going on 26 April 1811 in the Patrick County suit of the Commonwealth v. Thomas Beazley and Elizabeth Bellar for the crime of bigamy. The court dismissed the suit when it met for adjournment on 30 May 1811 on the grounds that the adjournment of the last examining court had been illegal and the court had not cognizance over them [Orders 1810-21, n.p.]. iii. Stephen2, born say 1785, married Nancy Going, daughter of John Going, 24 February 1807 Patrick County bond, Obediah Going surety. Stephen was taxable in Patrick County from 1806 to 1814: in a list of "free Negroes & Mulattos" in 1813 and 1814 [Personal Property Tax Lists, 1782-1830, frames 455, 537, 598, 616]. He was head of a Patrick County household of 6 whites in 1820 and 9 "free colored" in 1830. iv. William. v. Betsy. vi. Arthur, born say 1795, taxable in Patrick County in a list of "free Negroes & Mulattos" in 1813 [Personal Property Tax Lists, 1782-1830, frames 587, 598]. vii. Isaac, underage in 1807. viii. Nancy, married Robert Harris, 1816 Patrick County bond.

42. Thomas4 Going (Drury1, Mary1, Michael2, Christopher1, Michael1), born say 1761, head of a Greensville County, Virginia household of 1 person in 1783 [VA:55]. He was taxable in Greensville County from 1783 to 1803 [Personal Property Tax List 1782-1850, frames 13, 107, 126, 136, 162, 188, 231, 244, 259, 273, 302]. He married Sarah Jones, 24 July 1794 Greensville County bond, William Dungill surety. He was probably the Thomas Gowen who was head of a Halifax County, North Carolina household of 6 "other free" in 1810 [NC:21]. His children may have been i. Frederick3, born in Virginia about 1794, head of a Halifax County household of 9 "free colored" in 1820 [NC:148], still living in Halifax County when he was counted in the 1860 census: Frederick Going, 66 yrs, Male, Mulatto, farmer, $100 real estate/$148 personal estate, b. Va. Roda, 70 years, Female, Mulatto, b. N.C. He sold land in Halifax to Isham Mills by a deed proved 21 November 1836 and purchased land by deed proved 19 February 1838. He was permitted to carry his gun by order of the Halifax County court on 17 August 1841 [Minutes 1832-46]. ii. Drury2, head of a Halifax County household of 11 "free colored" in 1820 [NC:148] and 6 in 1830. iii. Heartwell, permitted to carry his gun by order of the Halifax County court on 17 August 1841. iv. Jerry, born in North Carolina circa 1803, permitted to carry his gun by order of the Halifax County court on 17 August 1841. He was still living in Halifax County in 1860 at age fifty-seven with Louvenia, age fifty. He had $264 real and $328 personal estate.

43. Amy Going, born about 1770, was bound apprentice by the churchwardens of Trinity Parish on 9 January 1775 [Orders 1774-82, 42, 113; Judgments, 1773-April 1774, frames 1027-32]. She obtained a certificate of freedom in Campbell County on 20 January 1802: Daughter of Sally Gowen of a yellowish Complexion [Gowin, Amey (F): Free Negro Certificate, 1802, African American Narrative Digital Collection, LVA] and registered the same day: 5'2-3/4", 34 years old, yellow complection, born free [A Register of Free Negroes and Mulattoes, 3]. She registered in Lynchburg on 8 July 1805: of yellowish complexion about thirty five years of age five feet high was born free in Louisa County. July 8, 1805 [Free Negro Register, 1805-1813, no. 1]. She was the mother of i. Isham, registered in Lynchburg on 6 September 1814: son of Amey Going a mulatto about 5 feet 8 and 3/4 inches high and twenty three years old last August born free [Free Negro Register, 1813-1843, no.45]. ii. Betsey, born 30 October 1800, registered in Lynchburg on 6 May 1819: a free woman of Colour the daughter of Amey Going eighteen years of age the 30th of October 1818, black complexion five feet three inches high [Free Negro Register, 1813-1843, no.108]. iii. Jane, born 1 May 1801, registered in Lynchburg on 9 June 1819: a free woman of Colour the daughter of Amy Going 18 years of age the 1st May last five feet two and one half inches high born free [Free Negro Register, 1813-1843, no.110].

44. James6 Going, born say 1776, was taxable in Fredericksville Parish, Albemarle County, from 1792 to 1813: called "B.S." (Benjamin's son) starting in 1806; called a "Mula" in 1813 [PPTL, 1782-1799, frames 347, 419, 459, 555, 590; 1800-1813, frames 28, 160, 251, 344, 435, 522, 567]. He married Becky Ailstock, 2 December 1799 Albemarle County bond, Michael Ailstock bondsman. On 7 May 1801 the Albemarle County court ordered James and Benjamin Gowin to pay their debt of $23 to William Frailey, subject to a credit of $14.50 paid on 10 July 1800 [Orders 1800-1, 362]. He was head of a Albemarle County household of 8 "other free" in 1810 [VA:196]. In 1827 he purchased 123 acres in Albemarle County from the executors of his father's estate and made a deed of trust for this land to M. P. Walton. He sold 25 acres to A. Jones in 1834 and 102 acres to L. Dunn in 1844 [DB 26:277, 279; 31:314; 41:390]. He and Becky were the parents of i. Mary, born about 1805, married Willis Tate before 4 April 1831 when she obtained a certificate of freedom in Albemarle County: a woman of colour, aged twenty six years, five feet six and a quarter inches high, of light complexion. She registered again on 2 August 1833: Mary Tate, wife of Willis Tate, Born free of Indian decent, her parents James Goins & Rebecca his wife both being free [Tate, Mary (F, 26); (F): Free Negro Register, 1833, African American Narrative Digital Collection, LVA]. Willis, born about 1799, was head of an Albemarle County household of 6 "free colored" in 1830, 10 in 1840 and a "Mulatto" counted with Mary Tate and their children in Concord, Highland County, Ohio, in 1850. Randolph, born 27 November 1814, registered in Albemarle County in August 1833: 19 years of age 27 Novr next, of Indian decent, six feet 3 inches tall, his parents both free James & Rebecca Goins [Goins, Randolph (M): Free Negro Register, 1833, African American Narrative Digital Collection, LVA]. (6) ii. Francis, born 15 April 1817, registered in Albemarle County in August 1833: of Indian decent, Born free, her parents James & Rebeca Goins both being free [Goins, Frances (M): Free Negro Register, 1833, African American Narrative Digital Collection, LVA]. iii. ?Rebecca, born 20 May 1819, registered in Albemarle County in August 1833: 14 years of age 20 May last, of Indian decent, born free her parents James Goins & Agness his wife both free [Goins, Rebecca (F, 14): Free Negro Register, 1833, African American Narrative Digital Collection, LVA]. iv. James, registered in Albemarle County on 3 August 1833: of Indian decent, born free as his parents James & Rebeca Goins are both free [Goins, James (M): Free Negro Register, 1833, African American Narrative Digital Collection, LVA]. v. Fontain, registered in Albemarle County on 8 July 1833: a Coloured man of Indian decent, Raised in this Neighborhood and was born free as his parents James & Rebecca Goins were both born free [Goins, Fontain (M): Free Negro Affidavit, 1833, African American Narrative Digital Collection, LVA]. Fountain Gowens was head of a Hawkins County, Tennessee household of 1 "free colored" person in 1830.

Other members of the family in Albemarle County were: i. Rhoda, listed as a "Mula" in Fredericksville Parish, Albemarle County, in 1813 [Personal Property Tax List, 1800-1813, frame 566]. ii. Sally, listed as a "Mula" in Fredericksville Parish, Albemarle County, in 1813 [Personal Property Tax List, 1800-1813, frame 567]. iii. Elizabeth, head of a Albemarle County household of 6 "other free" in 1810 [VA:196]. iv. Joshua2, born about 1798, purchased 115 acres in Albemarle County in 1833 [DB 30:485], registered in Albemarle County on 20 July 1848: a Coloured man about fifty years of age is a Free man. I was acquainted with his Father and Mother. They were Free persons. Edmund Davis [Goins, Joshua (M, 50): Free Negro Affidavit, 1848, African American Narrative Digital Collection, LVA]. v. Hezekiah, born say 1790, taxable in Fredericksville Parish, Albemarle County, from 1810 to 1813 [Personal Property Tax List, 1800-1813, frames 435, 567]. vi. Henderson, born about 1797, head of a Albemarle County household of 2 "free colored in 1820, 7 in 1840 and a "Mulatto" listed in the 1850 Albemarle County census with (wife) Agnes and children. He married Agnes Goings, 9 January 1832 Albemarle County bond, James Gowens bondsman. He registered in Albemarle County on 4 August 1851: age 51 years, 6 feet 1(?) inches high, light complexion [Gowen, Henderson (M, 51): Free Negro Register, 1851, African American Narrative Digital Collection, LVA]. vii. Thomas, born about 1805, registered in Albemarle County in February 1828: 6 feet 3/4 inches high, light complexion...a Coloured man about 23 years of age was raised in this neighborhood and is a Free man. I am acquainted with his Father and mother and they are free. Edmund Davis, Justice of the peace, Albemarle County. He registered again on 1 September 1851: a man of colour, born free, 46 years, six feet 3/4 inches high, Indian complexion [Going, Thomas (M, 23): Free Negro Register; Goen, Thomas (M, 46): Free Negro Register, 1851, African American Narrative Digital Collection, LVA]. Source: Free African Americans of North Carolina, Virginia, and South Carolina from the Colonial Period to About 1820. Fifth Edition. Two Volumes Paul Heineg

45. Thomas3 Goin (Thomas2, John1, William2, Thomas1, Michael1), born 1750/5 in Brunswick or Greenville Co., VA, and died May 22 1838 in Claiborne Co., TN. His wife was Jemima Sinnes. She was born in 1759 in***********and died in 1829 in Claiborne County, Tennessee. Thomas3 enlisted in Captain Bynum’s North Carolina Militia on 7 April 1781. Both James and William Goin appear in the same unit. Source: North Carolina Revolutionary War Records ***** Thomas3 acquired land grants in North Carolina in Washington County in 1786 (225 acres) and in Greene county in 1787 (300 acres). Source: MELUNGEONS Examining An Appalachian Legend

Research Notes

This research was compiled by John L Goins in 2017, and originally posted on Geni. He posted an update in 2019 stating that a new title was incorrect, the information has nothing to do with an Angola town in New York. ^[1]

Sources

1. ↑ https://www.geni.com/discussions/177581