England Orphan Trail: Citation templates
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England Orphan Trail: Citation templates
Citing a source correctly enables you to find it again and another person to verify the information. WikiTree generally follows the Chicago Manual of Style (CMoS) and Evidence Explained, by Elizabeth Shown Mills. A source citation should contain the following information:
| 5 W's | Information | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| What | What is the title of the source? | For online databases, this is a typical type of title "London, England, Church of England Deaths and Burials, 1813-2003". Or for a title of a book, this is a typical type of title "Social Life in England, 1750-1850, By Frederick John Foakes-Jackson". |
| Where-at | Where is the original source found? | This will be the name of where the source is archived or can be found. Eg. London Metropolitan Archives, FamilySearch Database Online or Google Books Online. If you have a URL/link to a source, or an image of the source, that can also be incorporated into the citation. |
| Where-in | Where in the source is the information found? | This is typically a Page Number or Image #. This is not always available, especially in online databases. |
| When | When was the source accessed or created? | Sometimes updated or conflicting information may be discovered at a later date. It is important to add the date you found and accessed the source and added the information to your Profile. For a book, you can use the date the book was published. |
| Who | Who and what is the source about? | This should include the name of the person you are working on and the event which is being cited, eg. Baptism, Marriage or Burial. Including additional information about the person/event is also useful, eg. the event date and place. |
Many genealogy websites now have a citation generator included within their pages. Use this if provided to give a uniform look to your profiles.
When you include a link to website in a citations, the URL can be hidden by enclosing it in a single set of [square brackets]. For example, the GRO can be linked like this:
- [https://www.gro.gov.uk/gro/content England & Wales General Register Office]
This link will appear like this: England & Wales General Register Office
As you can see, if you include a space after the URL and then text, e.g. "England & Wales General Register Office", that becomes the text in the link.
To help you establish your own way of citing your sources, here are some suggested templates for common types of English records.
Example Citations
General Register Office
For more information about citing the GRO, see How to use the GRO.
- Birth
- England & Wales General Register Office, GRO Online Index - Birth (https://www.gro.gov.uk/gro/content : accessed [insert date]), database entry for POTTER, HELEN BEATRIX (Mother's maiden surname: LEECH). GRO Reference: 1866 S Quarter in KENSINGTON Volume 01A Page 141.
- Death
- England & Wales General Register Office, GRO Online Index - Death (https://www.gro.gov.uk/gro/content : accessed [insert date]), database entry for Vincent, Anna Muddle. (Age at death: 75). GRO Reference: 1866 M Quarter in Islington, Volume 01B Page 157.
FreeBMD
For more information about citing FreeBMD, see Using FreeBMD and Creating a Citation.
- Birth
- "Birth Entry" (https://www.freebmd.org.uk/cgi/information.pl?cite=0%2FGO6CTWmPOtjpVhxDjCcQ&scan=1 : accessed [insert date]) FreeBMD database online. Lennon, John W (Mother's maiden name: Stanley), 1940 Dec Quarter, Liverpool S. Volume 8b Page 0323/S.
- Marriage
- "Marriage Entry" (https://www.freebmd.org.uk/cgi/information.pl?cite=VNpOZ4zI1OiZfKhpyd6Khg&scan=1 : accessed [insert date]) FreeBMD database online. Elizabeth Nicklin [and Joseph Shakespeare], Marriages 1873 Dec Quarter District: King's Norton Vol: 6c Page: 850.
- Death
- "Death Entry" (https://www.freebmd.org.uk/cgi/information.pl?cite=zFC4p3ctf7im30jvB%2B9Vbg&scan=1 : accessed [insert date]) FreeBMD database online. Churchill, Winston L S (Age 90), 1965 March Quarter, Kensington. Volume 5c Page 1192.
FreeREG
To generate a citation from FreeREG, select: View > Generate Citation > WikiTree.
- Dorset : Wareham : Lady St Mary : Register of unspecified type : "Parish Register" database, FreeREG (https://www.freereg.org.uk/search_records/58180433e93790ec8b9478a1/cornelius-fudge-baptism-dorset-wareham-1836-10-02?citation_type=wikitree&locale=en : viewed [insert date]) baptism Cornelius Fudge 02 Oct 1836
FreeCEN
To generate a citation from FreeCEN, select: View > Generate Citation > WikiTree. For more information, see FreeCEN and FamilySearch Citations
- "General Register Office: 1851 Census Returns database, FreeCEN (https://www.freecen.org.uk/search_records/5a153c61f4040b9d6e4c9981/joseph-lane-1851-nottinghamshire-newark-1820-?locale=en : viewed [insert date]), Lois LANE in household of Joseph LANE, Claypole, Newark, Nottinghamshire, England; from 1851 "England, Scotland and Wales census," database and images; citing The National Archives /2138, Folio 324, Page 27, Schedule 104, The National Archives, Kew, Surrey.
FamilySearch
For more information about citing FamilySearch, see FreeCEN and FamilySearch Citations
- "England and Wales Census, 1881," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:Q27N-Z4TR : 12 December 2017), Joseph Shakespeare, Birmingham, Warwickshire, England; from "1881 England, Scotland and Wales Census," database and images, findmypast (http://www.findmypast.com : n.d.); citing p. 9, Piece/Folio 3007/113, The National Archives, Kew, Surrey; FHL microfilm 101,774,848.
Ancestry
For more information about citing Ancestry, see Citing Sources behind a Paywall.
- "London, England, Church of England Deaths and Burials, 1813-2003" [database on-line]. Ancestry.com. Entry for William Wilberforce, burial, 3 Aug 1833 (accessed [insert date]); citing London Metropolitan Archives; London, England; Reference Number: DL/T/099/022. {{Ancestry Record|1559|10185685}} {{Ancestry Sharing|27175440|261ac0}}
FindMyPast
- "Hampshire, Portsmouth Baptisms", [https://www.findmypast.co.uk/transcript?id=GBPRS%2FPORTSMOUTH%2FBAP%2F00092387 Findmypast]. Charles John Huffham Dickens, 4 Mar 1812, Portsea, St Mary (accessed [insert date]); citing Portsmouth History Centre. Ref: CHU 3/1A/14.
Find A Will (Principal Probate Registry)
- Probate Record, [https://probatesearch.service.gov.uk/#wills Principal Probate Registry]. Probate record for Thomas Adamson Jenkinson, granted 15 Jul 1889, (accessed [insert date])
Google Books
For more information about citing Google Books, see Citations from Google Books
- Lemon, Robert., Green, Mary Anne Everett. Calendar of State Papers, Domestic Series, of the Reigns of Edward VI., Mary, Elizabeth, 1547-[1625]. United Kingdom: Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, & Roberts, 1856. volume 1, page 504 [https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Calendar_of_State_Papers_Domestic_Series/Qw4SAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA504&printsec=frontcover Google Books] (accessed [Insert date])
Internet Archive
- J W Clay (ed), Dugdale's Visitation of Yorkshire with Additions, Exeter: William Pollard, 1917, volume 3, page 86. [https://archive.org/stream/dugdalesvisitati03dugd#page/86/mode/1up Internet Archive] (accessed [insert date])
HathiTrust
- W H D Longstaffe (ed), Heraldic visitation of the northern counties in 1530 by Thomas Tonge, Norroy king of arms, Durham 1863, page 61 [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015031227203&view=1up&seq=79 HathiTrust] (accessed [insert date])
Wikipedia
To generate a citation in Wikipedia, select: Cite this page (under Tools in left sidebar or the box with 3 horizontal lines, top left) > Chicago Style.
- Wikipedia contributors, "Hannah More," [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hannah_More&oldid=942148655 Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia] (accessed [insert date])
Wikisource
To generate a citation in Wikisource, select: Cite this page (under Tools in left sidebar) > Chicago Style.
- Wikisource contributors, "Fox, George (1624-1691) (DNB00)," [https://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Fox,_George_(1624-1691)_(DNB00)&oldid=3281302 Wikisource] (accessed [insert date])
History of Parliament Online
- 'WILKES, John (1725-97)', [https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1754-1790/member/wilkes-john-1725-97 History of Parliament Online] (accessed [insert date])
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
- Mark Nicholls, 'Fawkes, Guy (bap. 1570, d. 1606)', [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/9230 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography], Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2009 (accessed [insert date])
British History Online
BHO is a collection of digitised historical books. There is a citation generation button below the chapter heading on each page. You have the choice of BHO, Chicago or MLA. Each citation gives a date stamp and a link to the page:
- 'The Bankside Playhouses and Bear Gardens', in Howard Roberts and Walter H Godfrey (eds), Survey of London: Volume 22, Bankside (The Parishes of St. Saviour and Christchurch Southwark), London, 1950, pages 66-77 [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vol22/pp66-77 British History Online] (accessed [insert date]]
London Gazette
- Sheriffs appointed by Her Majesty in Council for the year 1862, [https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/22596/page/648 The London Gazette]. 7 Feb 1862, pp. 648-649, (accessed [insert date]).
National Archives
- Will of Jane Austen of Chawton, Hampshire, [https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/D555175 The National Archives]. Ref: PROB 11/1596/208, Date: 10 Sep 1817, (accessed [insert date]).
Useful Links
- Creating Internal Links and Inline Citations
- Creating Inline Citations - a visual guide
- England Project Profile Standards - Citations
England Project | England Orphaned Profiles Team | England Orphan Trail: Citation templates
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https://theclergydatabase.org.uk/jsp/search/index.jsp
Sheriffs appointed by Her Majesty in Council for the year 1862. (The London Gazette, https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/22596/page/648 : accessed [insert date]); 7 Feb 1862. pp. 648-649.
Probate Record (Principal Probate Registry, https://probatesearch.service.gov.uk/#wills : accessed [insert date]) Probate record for Thomas Adamson Jenkinson, granted 15 Jul 1889.
Will of Jane Austen of Chawton, Hampshire. (The National Archives, https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/D555175 : accessed [insert date]), Ref: PROB 11/1596/208, Date: 10 Sep 1817.
Cheers - John
Followup - the correct url appears on that website only after I click on a page number other than page 1, which of course is the starting point. Since I want the page 1 url it seems I have to first click on page 2 which displays the correct url format, and this format is retained when I then go back to page 1.
edited by John Hodgson