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German inventors and discoverers

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A place to work on profiles relating to German inventors and discoverers, in relation to the list on Wikipedia. It comprises people from Germany or German-speaking Europe, and also people of predominantly German heritage.

I, Greenwood-3667, have taken the liberty of adopting profiles without managers in the hopes of bringing them up to quality standards and connecting them to the tree. Jelena Eckstädt has been incredibly helpful in getting tables filled and updated.

Sections tablized and linked are in Bold.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z - Other Germans of note in science and technology


A

German inventors and discoverers: A
Surname Given name Birth date Death date Role WikiTree? Connected?
Abbe Ernst 23 Jan 1840 14 Jan 1905 Physicist and optical scientist that invented first refractometer. Yes No
Abraham Max 26 Mar 1875 16 Nov 1922 Physicist who developed theories on the electron, assisted Max Planck for three years. No
Achard Franz Carl 28 Apr 1753 20 Apr 1821 Chemist, geoscientist, physicist, and biologist who developed sugar extraction process from sugar beets and first factory for it (1802). No
Adler Robert 4 Dec 1913 15 Feb 2007 Inventor with Zenith Electronics who improved wireless remote control technology for televisions.[1] Yes Yes
Adenauer Konrad 5 Jan 1876 19 Apr 1967 First Chancellor of West Germany who also invented soya sausage (1916) and co-invented (with Jean and Josef Oebel) coarse wholemeal bread (1917). Yes Yes
Agricola Georgius 24 Mar 1494 21 Nov 1555 Born Georg Pawer or Georg Bauer, named "the father of mineralogy" Yes No
Albert Wilhelm August Julius 24 Jan 1787 4 Jul 1846 Mining engineer who invented the wire rope (1834) and first recorded metal fatigue. No
Alder Kurt 10 Jul 1902 20 Jun 1958 Discovery of the Diels–Alder reaction, Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1950). No
Altmann Richard 12 Mar 1852 8 Dec 1900 Pathologist and histologist who discovered the Mitochondrion and coined "nucleic acid". No
Alzheimer Alois 14 Jun 1864 19 Dec 1915 Psychiatrist and neuropathologist who discovered "presenile dementia", now identified as Alzheimer's disease. Yes Yes
Andresen Momme 17 Oct 1857 12 Jan 1951 Industrial research chemist who made inventions relating to photography such as Rodinal. Yes, needs update No
Anschütz Ottomar 16 May 1846 30 May 1907 Inventor and photographer who patented a camera with an internal roller blind shutter mechanism, just in front of the photographic plate (1883), today's focal-plane shutter. Yes No
Anschütz-Kaempfe Hermann Franz Joseph Hubertus Maria 3 Oct 1872 6 May 1931 Inventor and art historian who invented the first usable gyrocompass (1907). Yes No
von_Ardenne Manfred 20 Jan 1907 26 May 1997 Self-taught researcher, applied physicist and inventor with 600 patents in fields including television and radio, electron microscopy, medical technology, nuclear technology, and plasma physics. Yes Yes
Argelander Friedrich Wilhelm August 22 Mar 1799 17 Feb 1875 Astronomer who catalogued all stars brighter than approximately magnitude 9.5 and north of -2 degrees in the Bonner Durchmusterung, the first large-scale modern star catalogue. Yes No
Arons Leo 15 Feb 1860 10 Oct 1919 Physicist and social democratic politician who invented the mercury-vapor lamp (Arons' tube) together with Peter Cooper Hewitt. No
Auerbach Leopold 27 Apr 1828 30 Sep 1897 Anatomist and neuropathologist who discovered Plexus myentericus Auerbachi, or Auerbach's plexus. No

B

German inventors and discoverers: B
Surname Given name Birth date Death date Role WikiTree? Connected?
Baade Walter 24 Mar 1893 25 Jun 1960 Astronomer who discovered the first of the Centaurs, defined "populations" of stars, differentiated Cepheid varables which helped him recalculate the size of the universe, and with Fritz Zwicky, identified supernovae as a new category of astronomical objects and proposed the existence of neutron stars. No
von Baer Karl Ernst 28 Feb [O.S. 17 Feb] 1792 28 Nov [O.S. 16 Nov] 1876[2] Karl Ernst Ritter von Baer Edler von Huthorn; naturalist, biologist, geologist, meteorologist, geographer, and founding father of embryology who discovered mammal ovum. Yes Yes
Baer Rudolph Heinrich (Ralph) 8 Mar 1922 6 Dec 2014 Inventor of the first home video game console, the Magnavox Odyssey and co-developer of Simon (1978). Yes Yes
von Baeyer Adolf 31 Oct 1835 20 Aug 1917 Chemist and Nobel laureate (1905) who synthesized indigo and developed a nomenclature for cyclic compounds, discovered the phthalein dyes, and investigated polyacetylenes, oxonium salts, nitroso compounds (1869) and uric acid derivatives (1860 and onwards) including the discovery of barbituric acid (1864). Yes Yes
Bayer Otto 4 Nov 1902 1 Aug 1983 Industrial chemist who headed the research group that discovered polyurethane (1937). No
Ballin Albert 15 Aug 1857 9 Nov 1918 General director of the Hamburg-Amerikanische Packetfahrt-Actien-Gesellschaft (HAPAG) or Hamburg-America Line, considered the father of modern cruise ship travel. No
Band Heinrich 1821 1860 Developed a musical instrument, the bandoneón (1846), still used in most tango orchestras. No
Barkhausen Heinrich 2 Dec 1881 20 Feb 1956 Physicist who discovered what is now called the Barkhausen effect (1919), the phenomenon caused by rapid changes of size of magnetic domains, and Barkhausen stability criterion. No
Barnack Oskar 1 Nov 1879 16 Jan 1936 Father of the first mass-marketed 35mm camera and of Leica. No
de Bary Heinrich Anton 26 Jan 1831 19 Jan 1888 Surgeon, botanist, and microbiologist deemed the Father of Phytopathology, the science of plant diseases and modern Mycology. Coined the word symbiosis (1879). No
von Basedow Karl Adolph 28 Mar 1799 11 Apr 1854 Physician who discovered and described Graves-Basedow disease (exophthalmic goiter). (Fifth great uncle of a Michael Mark.) No
Bauer Andreas Friedrich 18 Aug 1783 27 Dec 1860 Engineer who developed the first functional steam-powered printing press with his colleague Friedrich Koenig. No
Bauer Wilhelm 23 Dec 1822 20 Jun 1875 Inventor and engineer who built several hand-powered submarines. No
Baumann Eugen 12 Dec 1846 3 Nov 1896 Chemist who was one of the first people to create polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and, together with Carl Schotten, he discovered the Schotten-Baumann reaction. Yes No
Baunscheidt Carl 1809 1873 Mechanic and inventor of the Lebenswecker ("life awakener") or "artificial leech" used in alternative medicine. No
Beck Hans 6 May 1929 30 Jan 2009 Inventor of the toy Playmobil. No
Bednorz Georg 16 May 1950 Living Physicist who discovered high-temperature superconductivity in ceramics and shared the 1987 Nobel Prize in Physics. No
Behaim Martin 6 Oct 1459 29 Jul 1507 Inventor of the oldest surviving globe of the world (Erdapfel) produced between 1490 and 1492. No
Behm Alexander 11 Nov 1880 22 Jan 1952 Inventor of echo sounding (German patent No. 282009 granted 22 Jul 1913). No
von Behring Emil Adolf 15 Mar 1854 31 Mar 1917 Physiologist who discovered the antitoxin for diphtheria, the world's first cure for a disease (1891). He was awarded history's first Nobel Prize in Physiology of Medicine in 1901. Yes Yes
von Bellingshausen Fabian Gottlieb 20 Sep [O.S. 9 Sep] 1778 25 Jan [O.S. 13 Jan] 1852 Navigator and explorer who discovered the land mass of Antarctica on 28 Jan 1820. Yes No
Bentz Amalie Auguste Melitta 31 Jan 1873) 29 Jun 1950 Born Amalie Auguste Melitta Liebscher, Entrepreneur who invented the paper coffee filter brewing system (1908). Yes No
Benz Karl 25 Nov 1844 4 Apr 1929 Born Karl Friedrich Michael Vaillant, Industrialist. Father and inventor of the gasoline-powered automobile (1885), and pioneering founder of automobile manufacturing. Yes Yes
Berblinger Albrecht 24 June 1770 28 January 1829 Engineer, also known as the Tailor of Ulm. Inventor of the spring prosthesis and hang-glider (1811). Yes Yes
Berger Hans 21 May 1873 1 Jun 1941 Neurologist and psychiatrist best known as the inventor of electroencephalography (EEG) (the recording of "brain waves") in 1924, coining the name, and the discoverer of the alpha wave rhythm known as "Berger's wave" Yes No
Berliner Emil later Emile 20 May 1851 3 Aug 1929 Inventor who developed the microphone and disc recording gramophone. Yes Yes Needs new German Biography, present one is copypaste from Wikipedia
Bessel Friedrich Wilhelm 22 Jul 1784 17 Mar 1846 Astronomer, mathematician, physicist and geodesist who is credited with being the first to use parallax in calculating the distance to a star. Yes Yes
Bethe Hans Albrecht 2 Jul 1906 6 Mar 2005 Nuclear physicist and Nobel laureate in Physics (1967). During World War II, he was head of the Theoretical Division at the secret Los Alamos laboratory which developed the first atomic bombs. Yes Yes
Betz Albert 25 Dec 1885 16 Apr 1968 Physicist best known for Betz's law (1913) and a pioneer of wind turbine technology. He was also the great uncle of the author Alfred J. Betz from Philadelphia, and great nephew of Vladimir Alekseyevich Betz, an Ukrainian anatomist and the discoverer of the pyramidal neuron cell. No
Billing Heinz 7 Apr 1914 4 Jan 2017 Physicist and computer scientist widely considered a pioneer in the construction of computer systems and computer data storage, who invented the magnetic drum memory and built a prototype laser interferometric gravitational wave detector. No
Binnig Gerd 20 Jul 1947 Living Physicist who designed the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) with Heinrich Rohrer, with both receiving the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1986. No
Bismarck Otto Eduard Leopold, Prince of Bismarck, Duke of Lauenburg 1 Apr 1815 30 Jul 1898 Born von Bismarck-Schönhausen, the First Chancellor of Imperial Germany. Under his reign, the German Empire (1871–1918) became the first modern welfare state in the world, when he e.g. innovatively implemented the following: health insurance (1883), accident insurance (1884), pension insurance (1889). Yes Yes
Blattner Ludwig 1881 30 Oct 1935 Also known as Louis Blattner. Producer, director and studio owner who developed the Blattnerphone, the first magnetic tape recorder (using steel tape) whilst working in Britain in the late 1920s. No
Blobel Günter 21 May 1936 18 Feb 2018 Biologist who discovered signal peptides and received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1999. No
Bock Walter 20 Jan 1895 25 Oct 1948 Chemist who developed styrene-butadiene. No
Bockmühl Max 2 Sep 1882 5 Jan 1949 Chemist who developed Methadone together with Gustav Ehrhart in 1937 while working for IG Farben. No
Bode Johann Elert 19 Jan 1747 23 Nov 1826 Astronomer who helped formulate the Titius-Bode Law and named Uranus, the seventh planet of the solar system. No
Bölkow Ludwig 30 Jun 1912 25 Jul 2003 Aeronautical pioneer of Germany, instrumental in the development of the Me 262, and developed a new rotorhead concept for helicopters. No
Bonhoeffer Karl-Friedrich 13 Jan 1899 15 May 1957 Chemist, who, together with Paul Harteck, discovered the spin isomers of hydrogen, orthohydrogen and parahydrogen in 1929. Yes Yes
Born Max 11 Dec 1882 5 Jan 1970 Physicist and mathematician who performed groundbreaking work in quantum mechanics. Nobel laureate 1954 with Walther Bothe. His Ph.D. student Delbrück, and six of his assistants (Fermi, Heisenberg, Goeppert-Mayer, Herzberg, Pauli, Wigner) went on to win Nobel Prizes. His Ph.D. student J. Robert Oppenheimer led the project to develop the atomic bomb. Granddaugher is Olivia-Newton John. Yes Yes
Börner Manfred 16 Mar 1929 15 Jan 1996 Physicist who developed the first working fiber-optical data transmission system (1965). Received a patent for an "electro-optical transmission system utilizing lasers". No
Bosch Carl 27 Aug 1874 26 Apr 1940 Chemist and Nobel Laureate who discovered the processes of industrial high pressure chemistry and the founder of IG Farben. No
Bosch Robert 23 Sep 1861 12 Mar 1942 Industrialist and engineer of various innovations for the motor vehicle and founder of Robert Bosch GmbH. No
Bothe Walther Wilhelm Georg 8 Jan 1891 8 Feb 1957 Nuclear physicist who developed and applied coincidence methods to the study of nuclear reactions, the Compton effect, cosmic rays, and the wave–particle duality of radiation, leading to sharing the Nobel Prize in Physics (1954) with Max Born. No
Böttger Johann Friedrich 4 Feb 1682 13 Mar 1719 Alchemist credited with developing the manufacture of porcelain in Europe.[3] Yes, needs update Yes, might be disconnected, the connection to the son seems questionable
Boveri Theodor Heinrich 12 Oct 1862 15 Oct 1915 Biologist who described and named the Centrosome, first hypothesized the cellular processes that cause cancer, and for describing chromatin diminution in nematodes. His work helped lead to the Boveri–Sutton chromosome theory. His daughter Margret Boveri was one of the best-known German journalists and writers of the post-World War II period. (WikiTree) Yes, needs update Yes
Brandenburg Karlheinz 20 Jun 1954 Living Inventor and audio engineer; father of audio compression format MPEG Audio Layer 3, more commonly known as MP3. No
Brandes Heinrich Wilhelm 27 Jul 1777 17 May 1834 Astronomer, meteorologist and physicist who founded synoptic meteorology, noted for demonstrating that meteors occur in the upper atmosphere and thus not really a meteorological phenomenon. No
Braun Karl Ferdinand 6 Jun 1850 20 Apr 1918 Electrical engineer and physicist who invented the cathode ray tube and CRT oscilloscope (1897) and contributed significantly to the development of radio and television technology; he shared with Guglielmo Marconi the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physics. Yes Yes
von Braun Wernher Magnus Maximilian 23 Mar 1912 16 Jun 1977 The preeminent rocket engineer of the 20th century. Developed the V-2 rocket for Germany, and built the Saturn V rocket in the United States which put humans on the moon. Yes Yes
Brix Adolf Ferdinand Wenceslaus 20 Feb 1798 14 Feb 1870 Mathematician and engineer who developed the unit for specific gravity of liquids, degree Brix (°Bx). No
Brodmann Korbinian 17 Nov 1868 22 Aug 1918 Neurologist who mapped the human brain's cerebral cortex and defining 52 distinct regions, known as Brodmann areas; the data itself was unpublished. No
Bruch Walter 2 Mar 1908 5 May 1990 :Electrical engineer who invented Closed Circuit Television and PAL, colour encoding system for analogue television. No
Bruhn Friedrich Wilhelm Gustav 11 Nov 1853 1927 Inventor of the modern taximeter. His daughter Adele Bruhn married architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. Yes No
Büchner Ernst 18 Mar 1850 25 Apr 1924 Industrial chemist who invented what would be known as the Büchner flask and Büchner funnel. Yes Yes
Bunsen Robert 30 Mar 1811[4] 16 Aug 1899 Chemist who developed the Bunsen burner, and with Gustav Kirchhoff (1824–1887), invented the spectrometer (1859) and discovered caesium (1860) and rubidium (1861). Yes Yes
Busch Heinrich Christian Wilhelm 15 Apr 1832 9 Jan 1908 Humorist, caricaturist, painter and poet considered the father of comics. Yes No
Buschmann Christian Friedrich Ludwig 17 Jun 1805 1 Oct 1864 Musical instrument maker who was the pioneer and promoter of the harmonica and harmonica-like instruments. No
Busemann Adolf 20 Apr 1901 3 Nov 1986 Aerospace engineer who discovered the effect of swept wing for modern aircraft (1935). No
Butenandt Adolf 24 Mar 1903 18 Jan 1995 Biochemist who discovered primary female sex hormones. Shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Leopold Ruzicka in 1939. No

C

German inventors and discoverers: C
Surname Given name Birth date Death date Role WikiTree? Connected?
Cantor Georg 3 Mar [O.S. 19 Feb] 1845 6 Jan 1918 Mathematician who discovered set theory (1870s), a fundamental theory in mathematics. Yes No
Chain Sir Ernst Boris, FRS 19 Jun 1906 12 Aug 1979 Biochemist, co-recipient of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his work on penicillin (together with Fleming) No
von Clausewitz Carl Philipp Gottfried (or Gottlieb) 1 Jun 1780 16 Nov 1831 The father of modern military theory. Yes Yes
Clausius Rudolf Julius Emanuel 2 Jan 1822 24 Aug 1888 Mathematician and physicist known for the Second law of thermodynamics. Yes No
Claproth Justus 28 Dec 1728 20 Feb 1805 Jurist and inventor of recyclable paper and deinking. No
Copernicus Nicolaus 19 Feb 1473 24 May 1543 Astronomer who formulated a heliocentric model of the universe which placed the Sun, rather than the Earth, at the center. yes Yes
Curry Manfred 11 Dec 1899 13 Feb 1953 Yachtsman and physician who developed the cam cleat used on sailboats to easily and quickly secure a rope, and discovered the pseudoscientific phenomenon of "geomagnetic lines" called the Curry Grid. No

D

German inventors and discoverers: D
Surname Given name Birth date Death date Role WikiTree? Connected?
Daimler Gottlieb 17 Mar 1834 6 Mar 1900 Co-founder of Mercedes-Benz. Invented alongside Wilhelm Maybach the first high-speed internal combustion petrol engine and the first four-wheel automobile, also the first internal combustion motorcycle, the Reitwagen. Yes Yes
Dassler Adolf "Adi" 3 Nov 1900 6 Dec 1978 Developer of sports shoes with and without spikes and founder of Adidas, competing company to his brother's Puma. Yes No
Dassler Rudolf 26 Mar 1898 27 Oct 1974 Developer of first sport shoes with screw-in shoe spikes (1949) and founder of Puma, competing company to his brother's Adidas. Yes No
Dehmelt Hans Georg Physicist who co-developed the non-magnetic quadrupole mass filter which laid the foundation for what we now call an ion trap (Penning trap). Shared the Nobel Prize in 1989 with colleague Wolfgang Paul and with American Norman Ramsey Jr for atomic clocks. No
Delbrück Max German American biophysicist. He was awarded the Nobel prize for discovering that bacteria become resistant to viruses (phages) as a result of genetic mutations. Yes Yes
Denner Johann Christoph Woodwind instrument maker, inventor of the clarinet. No
Dethloff Jürgen Inventor and engineer, co-inventor of the Smart card (together with Helmut Gröttrup). No
Dieffenbach Johann Friedrich Pioneer of skin transplantation and cosmetic surgery. No
Dickmanns Ernst Developer of the first driverless car. No
Diels Otto Diels–Alder reaction (together with Kurt Alder), a method for diene synthesis. The pair was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1950 for their work. No
Diesel Rudolf Inventor of the diesel engine (1893). Yes Yes
Döbereiner Johann Wolfgang inventor of Döbereiner's lamp (1823). Yes No
Domagk Gerhard Discovery of what would become the first commercially available antibiotic. No
Doppler Christian 29 Nov 1803 17 Mar 1853 Austrian mathematician and physicist who discovered the Doppler effect, that the observed frequency of a wave depends on the relative speed of the source and the observer. Yes No
Dornberger Walter Robert Co-inventor of the V-2 rocket. Yes No
Drais Karl 29 Apr 1785 10 Dec 1851 Inventor of the bicycle and typewriter (1821) among other things. Yes No
Drucker Peter Ferdinand Invented the science of modern management. No

E

German inventors and discoverers: E
Surname Given name Birth date Death date Role WikiTree? Connected?
Ehrlich Paul 14 Mar 1854 20 Aug 1915 Scientist in the fields of hematology, immunology, and chemotherapy, and Nobel laureate. Developed an effective treatment against syphilis. Yes Yes
Eichler Caroline 1808 or 1809 6 Sep 1843 Inventor of the first practical modern hand prosthesis and first woman in Prussia to receive a patent (for her leg prosthesis). No
Einstein Albert 14 Mar 1879 18 Apr 1955 Theoretical physicist, key 20th century scientist and cultural icon best known to the general public for his mass–energy equivalence formula E = mc2, which has been dubbed "the world's most famous equation". Yes Yes
Elsbett Ludwig Developed new concepts for Diesel engines which drastically enhanced efficiency. No
Engelbart Douglas German-American inventor of the computer mouse. No
Engelberg Evaristo Conrado Inventor of a machine used to remove the husks from rice and coffee, the Engelberg huller (1885). No
Engels Friedrich 28 Nov 1820 Aug 1895 Invented together with Karl Marx the economic and sociopolitical worldview Marxism. Yes Yes
Erdmann Hugo Wilhelm Traugott 8 May 1862 25 Jun 1910 Chemist who discovered, together with his doctoral advisor Jacob Volhard, the Volhard-Erdmann cyclization. In 1898 he was the first who coined the term noble gas (the original noun is Edelgas in German). No
Erfurt Hugo Ingrain wallpaper No
Ertl Gerhard German physicist who laid the foundation of modern surface chemistry, which has helped explain how fuel cells produce energy without pollution, how catalytic converters clean up car exhausts and even why iron rusts, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said. Nobel laureate as of 2007. No
Euler Leonhard Swiss mathematician and physicist. One of the most influential mathematicians of the 18th century. Yes Yes
Erlenmeyer

Richard August Carl Emil

German chemist known for contributing to the early development of the theory of structure, formulating the Erlenmeyer rule, and designing the Erlenmeyer flask or the conical flask, a type of chemical flask, which is named after him. Yes No
Eytzinger Michaël Austrian nobleman, diplomat, historian, and publicist, who wrote and published several works, including a renowned volume that states the principles of a genealogical numbering system, called an Ahnentafel. Also depicted the first usage of Leo Belgicus in a map representation of the Low Countries. No

F

German inventors and discoverers: F
Surname Given name Birth date Death date Role WikiTree? Connected?
Fahrenheit Daniel Gabriel 24 May 1686 16 Sep 1736 Physicist, the temperature unit was named after him Yes No
Faltings Gerd 28 Jul 1954 Mathematician, was awarded the Fields-Medal No
Feick Otto 4 Jul 1890 17 Oct 1959 Invented the electrically-driven hand drill in 1895. No
Fein Wilhelm Emil 16 Jan 1842 6 Oct 1898 Invented the electrically-driven hand drill in 1895. No
Fick Adolf Gaston Eugen 22 Feb 1852 11 Feb 1937 Ophthalmologist who invented glass contact lenses. Son of Franz Ludwig Fick. Yes Yes
Fick Franz Ludwig 18 May 1813 31 Dec 1858 Professor of anatomy who invented the cerebral phantom, a paper model for understanding the structure of the brain. Yes Yes
Fiedler Richard after 1918 Invented the modern flamethrower in 1901. No
Fischer Artur 31 Dec 1919 27 Jan 2016 Inventor holding over 1100 patents (currently the record for most patents for any single human, even more than Thomas Alva Edison at 1093 patents) and 5867 trade rights. Yes No
Fischer Hermann Emil 9 Oct 1852 15 Jul 1919 German chemist and 1902 recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He discovered the Fischer esterification. He developed the Fischer projection, a symbolic way of drawing asymmetric carbon atoms. He is known for study of sugars & purines. Yes Yes
Fischer Franz Joseph Emil 19 Mar 1877 1 Dec 1947 Invented with Hans Tropsch a process in 1925 to turn coal into synthesis gas, and still further into liquid hydrocarbons. The process is a key component in modern gas to liquids processes. Yes No
Fittig Wilhelm Rudolph 6 Dec 1835 19 Nov 1910 He discovered the pinacol coupling reaction, mesitylene, diacetyl and biphenyl. No
Flügge-Lotz Irmgard 16 Jul 1903 22 May 1974 She worked on what she called "discontinuous automatic control", which laid the foundation for automatic on-off aircraft control systems in jets. No
Forßmann Werner 29 Aug 1904 1 Jun 1979 Performed the first human cardiac catheterisation. Shared the Nobel Prize for Medicine 1956 No
Frank Joachim 12 Sep 1940 co-invented cryo-electron microscopy. Shared the Nobel Prize for Chemistry 2017 No
von Fraunhofer Joseph 6 Mar 1787 7 Jun 1826 Discovery of the dark absorption lines known as Fraunhofer lines in the Sun's spectrum, which laid foundation for modern astronomy and astrophysics, and for making excellent optical glass and achromatic telescope lenses. Yes No
Frege Gottlob 8 Nov 1848 26 Jul 1925 He is generally considered to be the father of analytic philosophy. Had influence on Carnap, Russell, and Wittgenstein Yes Yes
Frenzl Otto 12 Nov 1909 1 Nov 1996 Aeronautical pioneer, developed the area rule in 1943, a design technique for airfoils used to reduce an aircraft's drag at transonic and supersonic speeds. Later it was independently developed again by Richard T. Whitcomb in 1952. No
Freud Sigmund 6 May 1856 23 Sep 1939 Neurologist who became known as the founding father of psychoanalysis. Yes Yes
Friedreich Nicolaus 31 Jul 1825 6 Jul 1882 Discovery of Friedreich-Auerbach disease (together with Leopold Auerbach) No
Fröbel Friedrich 21 Apr 1782 21 Jun 1852 Pedagogue, who laid the foundation for modern education. He created the concept of the kindergarten. No
Fuchs Klaus 29 Dec 1911 28 Jan 1988 Theoretical physicist involved with the Manhattan Project; at the same time Soviet spy. No
Fuhlrott Johann Carl 31 Dec 1803 17 Oct 1877 Had the insight to recognize the Neanderthal bones for what they were: the remains of a previously unknown type of humans. He (together with Schaafhausen) is considered to be the father of paleoanthropology. No

G

German inventors and discoverers: G
Surname Given name Birth date Death date Role WikiTree? Connected?
Galle Johann Gottfried 9 Jun 1812 10 Jul 1910 astronomer, discovery of planet Neptune Yes No
Ganswindt Hermann 12 Jun 1856 25 Oct 1934 Inventor and spaceflight scientist, whose inventions (such as the dirigible, the helicopter, and the internal combustion engine) are thought to have been ahead of his time. No
Gauß Carl Friedrich 30 Apr 1777 23 Feb 1855 German mathematician and physical scientist who contributed significantly to many fields, including number theory, statistics, analysis, differential geometry, geodesy, geophysics, electrostatics, astronomy and optics. Sometimes referred to as "the Prince of Mathematicians". Yes Yes
Geiger Johannes Wilhelm (Hans) 30 Sep 1882 24 Sep 1954 Inventor of the Geiger–Müller counter in 1928. It detects the emission of nuclear radiation through the ionization produced in a low-pressure gas in a Geiger–Müller tube. Further improved by Walther Müller. Also discovered the atomic nucleus in the Geiger-Marsden experiment. Brother of Rudolf Geiger (see below). Yes No
Geißler Heinrich 26 May 1814 24 Jan 1879 Inventor of the Geissler tube. No
Genzel Reinhard 24 Mar 1952 Astrophysicist, he and his group were the first to track the motions of stars at the centre of the Milky Way and show that they were orbiting a very massive object, probably a supermassive black hole. Maybe
Gerlach Walther 1 Aug 1889 10 Aug 1979 Physicist who co-discovered spin quantization in a magnetic field, the Stern–Gerlach effect. No
Germer Edmund 24 Aug 1901 10 Aug 1987 Inventor of the neon lamp (Neonlampe). No
Giese Max 1879 1935 Inventor of the first concrete pump in 1928.. No
Göbel Heinrich 20 Apr 1818 4 Dec 1893 Inventor of Hemmer for Sewing Machines, 1865, Vacuum Pump (Improvement of the Geissler-System of vacuum pumps, 1881 and Electric Incandescent Lamp (sockets to connect the filament of carbon and the conducting wires), 1882 Yes No
Gödel Kurt Friedrich 28 Apr 1906 24 Jan 1978 Important discoveries in math and logic, such as the incompleteness theorems. Yes No
Goeppert Maria Gertrude 28 Jun 1906 20 Feb 1972 Physicist. Nobel laureate in Physics 1963 for proposing the nuclear shell model of the atomic nucleus together with J. Hans D. Jensen. The unit for the two-photon absorption cross section is named the Goeppert-Mayer (GM) unit. Yes Yes
Grebe Konrad 7 Jun 1907 12 Jul 1972 Coal-machine (Kohlenhobel) No
Greinacher Konrad 31 May 1880 17 Apr 1974 German-Swiss physicist. He is regarded as an original experimenter and is the developer of the magnetron and the Greinacher multiplier; Cockcroft-Walton-Generator in 1914. No
Grimm Jacob 4 Jan 1785 20 Sep 1863 Brothers Grimm: Academic pioneers of philology, linguistics, and storytelling. Worked together on the most comprehensive dictionary of the German language Deutsches Wörterbuch. Jacob Grimm: Philologist and linguist. Described first what is now known as Grimm's law, the first scientific research into sound change in 1822. Yes Yes
Grimm Wilhelm 24 Oct 1786 16 Dec 1859 Brothers Grimm: Academic pioneers of philology, linguistics, and storytelling. Worked together on the most comprehensive dictionary of the German language Deutsches Wörterbuch. Jacob Grimm: Philologist and linguist. Described first what is now known as Grimm's law, the first scientific research into sound change in 1822. Yes Yes
Gropius Walter 18 May 1883 5 Jul 1969 Pioneer of modern architecture. Founder of the Bauhaus. First modern industrial building designed in 1910. Yes Yes
Grotefend Georg Friedrich 9 Jun 1775 15 Dec 1853 Deciphering of cuneiform No
Grothendieck Alexander 28 Mar 1928 13 Nov 2014 Mathematician and the central figure behind the creation of the modern theory of algebraic geometry; Fields Medalist (1966). Yes No
Gröttrup Helmut 12 Feb 1916 4 Jul 1981 smart card (together with Jürgen Dethloff) No
Guderian Heinz 17 Jun 1888 14 May 1954 The father of modern mechanized warfare, inventor of the Blitzkrieg strategy. Yes Yes
von Guericke[5] Otto 20 Nov 1602 11 May 1686 Scientist and Mayor of Magdeburg who performed groundbreaking research into vacuums, air pressure, and electrostatic repulsion. He invented the vacuum pump in 1650 and demonstrated his theories with the Magdeburg hemispheres which once emptied of air were unable to be pulled apart thirty horses. Yes Yes
Gutenberg Beno 4 Jun 1889 25 Jan 1960 Together with American Charles Francis Richter he invented Richter magnitude scale. No
Gutenberg[6] Johannes 1400 3 Feb 1468 Inventor of the technology of printing with movable type in 1439. The first book so printed was the Gutenberg Bible. Yes No
von Grosse Aristid 4 Jan 1905 25 Jan 1960 He was able to isolate protactinium oxide and was later able to produce metallic protactinium by decomposition of protactinium iodide. No
Glauber Johann Rudolph 10 Mar 1604 16 Mar 1670 German-Dutch alchemist who was one of the first chemical engineers. His discovery of sodium sulfate in 1625 led to the compound being named after him: "Glauber's salt". No

H

German inventors and discoverers: H
Surname Given name Birth date Death date Role WikiTree? Connected?
Haber Fritz 9 Dec 1868 29 Jan 1934 German chemist and Nobel laureate who pioneered synthetic ammonia and chemical warfare. Yes No
Hahn Otto 8 Mar 1879 28 Jul 1968 The first man to split the atomic nucleus Yes No
Hänsch Theodor Wolfgang 30 Oct 1941 Physicist, developed laser-based precision spectroscopy further to determine optical frequency extremely accurately. Nobel laureate in 2005. No
Hahnemann Samuel 10 Apr 1755 2 Jul 1843 Physician, best known for creating a system of alternative medicine called homeopathy. Yes Yes
Hausdorff Felix 8 Nov 1868 26 Jan 1942 German mathematician who is considered to be one of the founders of modern topology and who contributed significantly to set theory, descriptive set theory, measure theory, and functional analysis. Yes No
zur Hausen Harald 11 Mar 1936 discovered the role of papilloma viruses in the development of cervical cancer. His research made the development of a vaccine against papilloma possible, which will drastically reduce cervical cancer in future. Nobel laureate as of 2008. No
Heisenberg Werner 5 Dec 1901 1 Feb 1976 Theoretical physicist who made fundamental contributions to quantum mechanics. Discovered a particle's position and velocity cannot be known at the same time. Discovered atomic nuclei are made of protons and neutrons. Yes Yes
Helfrich Wolfgang 25 Mar 1932 Co-inventor of Twisted nematic field effect. No
Hell Rudolf 19 Dec 1901 11 Mar 2002 Inventor of the first fax machine (Hellschreiber). Yes No
Hellmann Richard 22 Jun 1876 3 Feb 1971 Hellmann's (Blue Ribbon) Mayonnaise, 1905. No
von Helmholtz[7] Hermann 31 Aug 1821 8 Sep 1894 Discovered the principle of conservation of energy. Yes Yes
Henlein Peter abt 1485 Aug 1542 Inventor of the portable watch. No
Herschel Friedrich Wilhelm 15 Nov 1738 1822 Discovered the planet Uranus and infrared radiation among other things. Yes Yes
Hertz Heinrich 22 Feb 1857 1 Jan 1894 Physicist, Discoverer of electromagnetic/radio waves. Yes Yes
Herzog Otto 24 Jun 1883 27 Aug 1964 First use of the Carabiner in mountain climbing which substantially enhanced security for mountaineers. No
Hess Viktor Franz 5 Oct 1888 17 Dec 1964 Discovered Cosmic rays. Also won the Nobel Prize. No
Hilbert David 23 Jan 1862 14 Feb 1943 Influential mathematician who discovered and developed a broad range of fundamental ideas in math. Yes No
Hoffmann Felix 21 Jan 1868 8 Feb 1946 Isolated acetylsalicylic acid, a painkiller marketed under the name Aspirin (Bayer), 1897. In some English speaking countries marketed under the name disprin. Yes No
Hofmann Albert 11 Jan 1906 29 Apr 2008 German-Swiss; Discovered the chemical properties of chitin and lysergic acid diethylamide. Yes No
Hofmann Karl Andreas 2 Apr 1870 15 Oct 1940 German inorganic chemist who is best known for his discovery of a family of clathrates which consist of a 2-D metal cyanide sheet, with every second metal also bound axially to two other ligands. These materials have been named 'Hofmann clathrates' in his honour. No
Hofmeister Wilhelm 18 May 1824 12 Jan 1877 Discovery of the Alternation of generations No
Hollerith Herman 29 Feb 1860 17 Nov 1929 a German American statistician who developed a mechanical tabulator based on punched cards Yes Yes
Honold Gottlob 26 Aug 1876 17 Mar 1923 Inventor of the spark plug and the modern internal combustion engine, as well as headlights. No
Horten Reimar 12 Mar 1915 14 Mar 1994 Designed some of the most advanced aircraft of the 1930s and '40s, including the world's first jet-powered flying wing, the Horten Ho 229. No
Horten Walter 13 Nov 1913 9 Dec 1998 Designed some of the most advanced aircraft of the 1930s and '40s, including the world's first jet-powered flying wing, the Horten Ho 229. No
Hülsmeyer Christian 25 Dec 1881 31 Jan 1957 German inventor of the Telemobilskop, a radio-based detector of remote objects; a 1904 precursor of radar. Yes No
von Humboldt[8] Alexander 14 Sep 1769 6 May 1859 Naturalist and explorer. His quantitative work on botanical geography was foundational to the field of biogeography. Yes Yes
von Humboldt[9] Wilhelm 22 Jun 1767 8 Apr 1835 Originator of the linguistic relativity hypothesis. Yes Yes
Huzenlaub Erich Gustav Wilhelm Louis 27 Oct 1888 12 Sep 1964 Huzenlaub Process for parboiling Yes No

I

German inventors and discoverers: I
Surname Given name Birth date Death date Role WikiTree? Connected?
Ising Ernst 10 May 1900 11 May 1998 German-American physicist who developed Ising model for ferromagnetism in statistical mechanics. No
Issing Otmar 27 Mar 1936 Living Economist who invented the "pepet pillar" decision algorithm now used by the European Central Bank. No

J

'German inventors and discoverers: J
Surname Given name Birth date Death date Role WikiTree? Connected?
Jensen Johannes Hans Daniel 25 Jun 1907 11 Feb 1973 Nuclear physicist who proposed the nuclear shell model, shared the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physics with Maria Goeppert-Mayer. No
Junkers Hugo 3 Feb 1859 3 Feb 1935 Aircraft engineer and designer who pioneered all-metal aircraft construction with the Junkers J 1 (1915–16). Yes Yes

K

German inventors and discoverers: K
Surname Given name Birth date Death date Role WikiTree? Connected?
Kehrer Ferdinand Adolf Kehrer 16 Feb 1837 16 Jun 1914 Introduction of the transverse incision technique to minimize bleeding by modern Caesarean section No
Kekulé von Stradonitz[10] Friedrich August 7 Sep 1829 13 Jul 1896 He was a German organic chemist, and one of the most prominent chemists in Europe, especially in theoretical chemistry. He was the principal founder of the theory of chemical structure and in particular the Kekulé structure of benzene. Father of Stephan Kekulé von Stradonitz. No
Kekulé von Stradonitz[11] Stephan 1 May 1863 5 May 1933 He was a lawyer, heraldist and genealogist who popularized a genealogical numbering system of ancestors, the Ahnentafel. No
Kessler Donald 1940 Astrophysicist, known for developing the Kessler syndrome. Maybe
Kemper Hermann 5 Apr 1892 13 Jul 1977 Invented the magnetic levitation train. Patent granted in 1934. No
Kepler Johannes 27 Dec 1571 15 Nov 1630 Discovered the laws of planetary motion. Yes Yes
Ketterle Wolfgang 21 Oct 1957 German-American physicist who developed an "atom laser", amongst other breakthroughs. Nobel laureate 2001. No
Kietz Erhard 22 Aug 1909 6 Apr 1982 Pioneer discoverer of video technology. Yes No
Kirchhoff Gustav 12 Mar 1824 17 Oct 1887 Discovery of the principles upon which spectroscopy is founded. He contributed to the fundamental understanding of electrical circuits, spectroscopy, and the emission of black-body radiation by heated objects. He coined the term "black body" radiation in 1862, and two different sets of concepts (one in circuit theory, and one in spectroscopy) are named "Kirchhoff's laws" after him; there is also a Kirchhoff's Law in thermochemistry. The Bunsen–Kirchhoff Award for spectroscopy is named after him and his colleague, Robert Bunsen, who both invented the spectrometer in 1859. Yes Yes
Klaproth Martin Heinrich 1 Dec 1743 1 Jan 1817 Discovered the element Uranium. Yes Yes
Klatte Friedrich Heinrich August 28 Mar 1880 11 Feb 1934 Chemist and the discoverer of polyvinyl acetate, with German patent (GP 281687 1912) for its preparation from acetylene gas. Yes No
von Klitzing Klaus 28 Jun 1943 Physicist, known for discovery of the integer quantum Hall effect, 1985 Nobel Prize in Physics. No
Klein Christian Felix 25 Apr 1849 22 Jun 1925 Felix Klein: Invented the Erlangen Program, classifying geometries by their underlying symmetry groups, was a highly influential synthesis of much of the mathematics of the day. Also invented the Klein bottle, Beltrami-Klein model and wrote Klein's encyclopedia. Yes Yes
Knorr Ludwig 2 Dec 1859 4 Jun 1921 Ludwig Knorr: Chemist, who together with Carl Paal, discovered the Paal-Knorr synthesis, and the Knorr quinoline synthesis and Knorr pyrrole synthesis. No
Koch Robert Heinrich Hermann 11 Dec 1843 27 May 1910 Physician, discoverer, inventor and Nobel Prize winner. He became famous for isolating Bacillus anthracis (1877), the Tuberculosis bacillus (1882) and the Vibrio cholera (1883) and for his development of Koch's postulates. Yes Yes
Koenig Friedrich 17 Apr 1774 27 May 1910 first functional steam-powered printing press with his colleague Andreas Friedrich Bauer) No
Körte Alfred 5 Sep 1866 6 Sep 1946 discovered Gordium, 1900 No
Körte Alfred 8 Feb 1852 15 Aug 1917 discovered Gordium, 1900 No
Kolb Franz abt. 1860 Plasticine No
Korn Arthur 20 May 1870 22 Dec 1945 Inventor involved in development of the fax machine, specifically the transmission of photographs or telephotography, known as the Bildtelegraph. No
Kossel Albrecht 16 Sep 1853 5 Jul 1927 determining the chemical composition of nucleic acids No
Kramer Max 8 Sep 1903 Jun 1986 Aircraft engineer. Developed the first operational guided bomb in 1942/43. This first smart bomb was radio controlled and joy-stick operated. No
Krebs Hans Adolf 25 Aug 1900 22 Nov 1981 discovered two important chemical reactions in the body, namely the urea cycle and the citric acid cycle. No
Krische Wilhelm Bernhard Ludwig 14 Jul 1859 1909 Galalith No
Kröhl Julius Hermann 1820 9 Sep 1867 Inventor and engineer, who built the first functioning submarine in the world. No
Kroemer Herbert 25 Aug 1928 Physicist, shared the Nobel Prize in Physics 2000 for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics. No
Krüger Werner 23 Nov 1910 21 Oct 2003 Developed the Krueger flap, a lift enhancement device in modern aircraft wings in 1943. No
Krupp Alfred Felix Alwyn 26 Apr 1812 14 Jul 1887 Pioneer in metal casting and metal working process and procedures. Yes Yes
von Krusenstern Adam Johann 8 Nov 1770 12 Aug 1846 Navigator and explorer, led the first Russian expedition to circumnavigate the earth. No
Küchemann Dietrich 11 Sep 1911 23 Feb 1976 Aeronautical pioneer, developed wings for supersonic speed, such as delta wings as used in the Concorde. No
Kunert Heinz 25 Mar 1927 6 Apr 2012 Defogger for automobiles. No

L

German inventors and discoverers: L
Surname Given name Birth date Death date Role WikiTree? Connected?
Ladenburg Albert 2 Jul 1842 15 Aug 1911 isolated hyoscine No
Langen Eugen 9 Oct 1833 2 Oct 1895 Entrepreneur, engineer and inventor, involved in the development of the petrol engine and the Wuppertal monorail. No
Langerhans Paul 25 Jul 1847 20 Jul 1888 Islets of Langerhans, Langerhans cells Yes Yes
von Laue Max Theodor Felix 9 Oct 1879 24 Apr 1960 Discoveries regarding the diffraction of X-rays in crystals. Nobel Laureate Yes Yes
Lecher Ernst 1 Jun 1856 19 Jul 1926 He is remembered for developing an apparatus— "Lecher lines"—to measure the wavelength and frequency of electromagnetic waves. No
Leibniz Gottfried Wilhelm 1 Jul 1646 14 Nov 1716 Philosopher known for discovering the mathematical field of calculus and coherently laying down its basic operations in 1684. The modern binary number system, the basis for binary code, was invented by Gottfried Leibniz in 1679 and appears in his article Explication de l'Arithmétique Binaire. Yes Yes
Lerp Emil 1 Jan 1886 1 Jan 1966 inventor of transportable gasoline chainsaw, 1927 No
Lichtenberg Georg Christoph 1 Jul 1742 24 Feb 1799 Scientist credited with the development of the electrophorus, the discovery of the strange tree-like electrical discharge patterns now called Lichtenberg figures, and being the first professor of experimental physics. He is remembered for his posthumously published notebooks, which he himself called Sudelbücher, a description modeled on the English bookkeeping term "scrapbooks". No
von Liebig][12] Justus 12 May 1803 18 Apr 1873 German chemist who made contributions to agricultural and biological chemistry. Yes Yes
Lilienthal Karl Wilhelm Otto 23 May 1843 10 Aug 1896 Father of Aviation and first successful aviator. Main discovery was the properties and shape of the wing. Yes Yes
von Linde[13] Carl Paul Gottfried 11 Jun 1842 16 Nov 1934 Engineer who, among other things, developed refrigeration and gas separation technologies. No
Lippisch Alexander 2 Nov 1894 11 Feb 1976 Pioneer of aerodynamics, his most famous design is the Messerschmitt Me 163. No
Listing Johann Benedict 25 Jul 1808 24 Dec 1882 German mathematician who was a doctoral student under Carl Friedrich Gauss, he first introduced the term "topology", in a famous article published in 1847, although he had used the term in correspondence some years earlier. He (independently) discovered the properties of the half-twisted strip at the same time (1858) as August Ferdinand Möbius, and went further in exploring the properties of strips with higher-order twists (paradromic rings). He discovered topological invariants which came to be called Listing numbers. He also framed the Listing's law. No
Litfaß Ernst Amandus Theodor 11 Feb 1816 27 Dec 1874 free-standing cylindrical advertising column. No
Loeffler Friedrich August Johannes 24 Jun 1852 9 Apr 1915 discovered the organism causing diphtheria (Corynebacterium diphtheriae) and the cause of foot-and-mouth disease (Aphthovirus). His description of the diphtheria bacillus, published in 1884. No
Luedtke Hans abt. 1875 German organist, musicologist and inventor who developed “Oskalyd” extended organs and keyboards with hexagonal keys arranged like honeycombs. No

M

German inventors and discoverers: M
Surname Given name Birth date Death date Role WikiTree? Connected?
Goeppert Mayer Maria 28 Jun 1906 20 Feb 1972 German-born American theoretical physicist, and Nobel laureate in Physics for proposing the nuclear shell model of the atomic nucleus. She was the second woman to win a Nobel Prize in physics, after Marie Curie. She also joined the Manhattan Project during World War II. Yes Yes
Madelung Erwin 18 May 1881 1 Aug 1972 Physicist who developed the Madelung constant, which characterizes the net electrostatic effects of all ions in a crystal lattice, and is used to determine the energy of one ion, the Madelung equations, and the Madelung rule. No
Madelung Georg Hans 31 Jul 1889 17 Aug 1972 Academic and aeronautical engineer; a participant in the development of the Junkers F.13. Son of surgeon and medical researcher Otto Wilhelm Madelung, and brother to physicist Erwin Madelung. No
Marx Karl Heinrich 5 May 1818 14 Mar 1883 Political economist and philosopher, who defined the political/economical background of capitalism and discovered the mechanics of Marxism. Yes Yes
Matthaei J. Heinrich 4 May 1929 Biochemist who, together with Marshall Nirenberg, showed that a sequence of nucleotide can encode particular amino acid, laying the foundations for deciphering the genetic code (May 1961, see Nirenberg and Matthaei experiment). Somehow Matthaei was not shared the 1968 Nobel Prize even as the work with Nirenberg in 1961 led to the genetic code race. No
Maybach Wilhelm 9 Feb 1846 29 Dec 1929 Engine designer and industrialist who, together with Gottlieb Daimler, invented the first gasoline-powered motorcycle named the Reitwagen (1885), power-engine boat named the Neckar (1887) and later the Mercedes car model (1902). Then considered the "King of Designers" in 1890s France. Yes Yes
von Mayenburg Ottomar 5 Dec 1865 24 Jul 1932 Pharmacist who invented "Chlorodont", the first commercial brand of toothpaste. No
Meissner Georg 19 Nov 1829 30 Mar 1905 Discovered Meissner's plexus. No
Meißner Walther 16 Dec 1882 16 Nov 1974 Established the world's third largest helium-liquifier, and discovered the Meissner effect (1933), damping of the magnetic field in superconductors. No
Meitner Lise 7 Nov 1878 27 Oct 1968 Nuclear physicist, who, together with Otto Frisch, provided a theoretical account of nuclear fission. Atomic element 109 is named meitnerium after her. Yes No
Mendel Gregor 20 Jul 1822 6 Jan 1884 Discoveries in genetics. Mendel demonstrated that the inheritance of certain traits in pea plants follows particular patterns, now referred to as the laws of Mendelian inheritance. First published in 1865. Yes Yes
Mergenthaler Ottmar 11 May 1854 28 Oct 1988 Inventor who has been called a second Gutenberg because of his invention of the Linotype machine. Yes Yes
Meyer Julius Lothar 19 Aug 1830 11 Apr 1895 Chemist who, with Dmitri Mendeleev, developed the periodic classification of the elements in order of their atomic weight. No
von Meyer Christian Erich Hermann 3 Sep 1801 2 Apr 1869 Paleontologist who discovered the Triassic predator Teratosaurus, the "Single Feather" of the earliest bird Archaeopteryx lithographica (1861), the pterosaur Rhamphorhynchus, and the prosauropod dinosaur Plateosaurus. No
Möbius August Ferdinand 17 Nov 1790 26 Sep 1868 Mathematician and theoretical astronomer, best known for his discovery of the Möbius strip, independently discovered by Johann Benedict Listing around the same time. Other mathematical concepts named for him include the Möbius configuration, the Möbius plane, the Möbius transformations, and the Möbius transform of number theory. His interest in number theory led to the important Möbius function μ(n) and the Möbius inversion formula. In Euclidean geometry, he systematically developed the use of signed angles and line segments as a way of simplifying and unifying results. Möbius was the first to introduce homogeneous coordinates into projective geometry. Yes Yes
Mohs Carl Friedrich Christian 29 Jan 1773 29 Sep 1839 Geologist and mineralogist who created the Mohs scale of mineral hardness. Mohs also introduced a classification of the crystal forms in crystal systems independently of Christian Samuel Weiss. No
Mollweide Karl 3 Feb 1774 10 Mar 1825 Mathematician and astronomer. In trigonometry, he discovered the formula known as Mollweide's formula. He invented a map projection called the Mollweide projection. No
Mössbauer Rudolf 31 Jan 1929 14 Sep 2011 Physicist who discovered Mössbauer effect (1958, recoilless nuclear resonance fluorescence) as part of his PhD and shared Nobel Prize in Physics (1961). Namesake of Mössbauer spectroscopy which has been utilized to identify the composition of iron-rich rocks on Mars (MIMOS II developed by Dr. Göstar Klingelhöfer at the Johannes Gutenberg University in Mainz). Yes No
Müller Johannes Peter 14 Jul 1801 28 Apr 1858 Discoveries in physiology. No

N

German inventors and discoverers: N
Surname Given name Birth date Death date Role WikiTree? Connected?
Nernst Walther Nobel laureate No
Nast Thomas The German-American "Father of the American Cartoon". No
Nernst Walther Inventor of the Nernst lamp and Nobel Laureate in Chemistry (1920). No
Nessler Karl 2 May 1872 22 Jan 1951 Inventor of the permanent wave. No
Nipkow Paul Julius Gottlieb Technician and inventor, the "spiritual father" of the core element of first generation television technology. Yes No
Noether Emmy Mathematician who made groundbreaking contributions to abstract algebra and theoretical physics (Noether's theorem). Considered by many as the most influential woman in the history of mathematics. Yes Yes
Normann Wilhelm 1870 1939 Sometimes also spelled Norman. Chemist who introduced the hydrogenation of fats (1901), creating what later became known as trans fats. This invention, protected by German patent 141,029 in 1902, had a profound influence on the production of margarine and vegetable shortening. Yes

O

German inventors and discoverers: O
Surname Given name Birth date Death date Role WikiTree? Connected?
Oberth Hermann Pioneer of rocket science and discoverer of the Oberth effect. No
Ohm Georg physicist and mathematician, discoverer of the Ohm's law and Ohm's acoustic law No
Oetker August Pharmacist. He was the first to sell baking powder in small packets to households instead of bakeries (as others before him) and thus made it the popular product we know today. No
von Ohain Hans Joachim Pabst The modern jet engine in 1933, patented in 1936. Frank Whittle had developed a similar concept independently in 1928/1929. No
Ostwald Wilhelm Chemist who received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1909 for his work on catalysis, chemical equilibria and reaction velocities. Ostwald, Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, and Svante Arrhenius are usually credited with being the modern founders of the field of physical chemistry. No
Otto Nicolaus August Inventor of the first internal-combustion engine to efficiently burn fuel directly in a piston chamber. No

P

German inventors and discoverers: P
Surname Given name Birth date Death date Role WikiTree? Connected?
Paul Wolfgang 10 Aug 1913 7 Dec 1993 Physicist. Co-develop[ed the non-magnetic quadrupole mass filter which laid the foundation for what we now call an ion trap. Shared the Nobel Prize in 1989. No
von Pechmann Hans 1 Apr 1850 19 Apr 1902 Chemist, renowned for his discovery of diazomethane in 1894. Pechmann condensation and Pechmann pyrazole synthesis. No
Peierls Rudolf Ernst 5 Jun 1907 19 Sep 1995 nuclear physicist No
Petri Julius Richard 31 Mar 1852 20 Dec 1921 Bacteriologist who is generally credited with inventing the Petri dish while working as assistant to Robert Koch Yes No
Pfeiffer Emil 1 Mar 1846 13 Jul 1921 Discovery of Infectious mononucleosis No
Pfleumer Fritz 20 Mar 1881 29 Aug 1945 Inventor of magnetic tape for recording sound. He built the world's first practical tape recorder, called Magnetophon K1. Yes No
Pilates Joseph 9 Dec 1883 9 Oct 1967 Inventor of the physical fitness system named after him: Pilates No
Planck Max 23 Apr 1858 4 Oct 1947 Physicist, Scientist. He is considered to be the founder of the quantum theory, and one of the most important physicists of the twentieth century. Yes Yes
Pohl Robert Wichard 10 Aug 1884 5 Jun 1976 In 1938, together with Rudolf Hilsch, built first functioning solid-state amplifier using salt as the semiconductor. No
Prandtl Ludwig 4 Feb 1875 15 Aug 1953 First to explain the boundary layer and its importance for drag and streamlining in aircraft in 1904. He established and headed the Aerodynamische Versuchsanstalt in Göttingen, now Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization. During his tenure the first wind tunnel in Germany was built here, thereby establishing a specific design for wind tunnels (Göttingen type). Yes Yes
Pfaff Johann Friedrich 22 Dec 1765 21 Apr 1825 One of Germany's most eminent mathematicians during the 19th century. He studied mathematical series and integral calculus, and is noted for his work on partial differential equations of the first order (Pfaffian systems as they are now called) which became part of the theory of differential forms. Yes No
Plücker Julius 16 Jun 1801 22 May 1868 Framed the Plücker formula. He made fundamental contributions to the field of analytical geometry and was a pioneer in the investigations of cathode rays that led eventually to the discovery of the electron. He also vastly extended the study of Lamé curves. No
Popp Harald 30 Sep 1956 living Inventor and audio engineer; father of audio compression format MPEG Audio Layer 3, more commonly known as MP3. Maybe

R

German inventors and discoverers: R
Surname Given name Birth date Death date Role WikiTree? Connected?
Rambold Adolf 5 Oct 1900 14 May 1996 Inventor of modern tea bag No
Reiche Fritz 4 July 1883 14 Jan 1969 Was a student of Max Planck and a colleague of Albert Einstein, who was active in, and made important contributions to the early development of quantum mechanics including co-authoring the Thomas-Reiche-Kuhn sum rule. No
Reichel Hans 10 May 1949 22 Nov 2011 Musical instrument inventor. Inventor of the daxophone and various overtone guitars. No
von Reichenbach[14] Karl Ludwig 12 Feb 1788 19 Jan 1869 Notable chemist, geologist, metallurgist, naturalist, industrialist and philosopher, and a member of the prestigious Prussian Academy of Sciences. He is best known for his discoveries of several chemical products of economic importance, extracted from tar, such as eupione, waxy paraffin, pittacal (the first synthetic dye) and phenol (an antiseptic). He also dedicated himself in his last years to research an unproved field of energy combining electricity, magnetism and heat, emanating from all living things, which he called the Odic force. Yes Yes
Reis Johann Philipp 7 Jan 1834 14 Jan 1874 Inventor of the first phone transmitter in 1861, he also invented the term Telephone. No
Reski Ralf 18 Nov 1958 living Moss bioreactor (1998). No
von Reuter[15] Paul Julius 21 Jul 1816 25 Feb 1899 Communications pioneer. Yes Yes
Riegel Johann 3 Apr 1893 31 Mar 1945 Confectioner who invented the gummy bear and founded Haribo (short for Hans Riegel Bonn). Yes No
Riemann Bernhard Georg Friedrich 17 Sep 1826 20 Jul 1866 Mathematician, who made lasting contributions to analysis, number theory, and differential geometry. Yes No
Ritter Johann Wilhelm 16 Dec 1776 23 Jan 1810 Physicist and discoverer of Ultraviolet. Yes No
Rodenstock Josef 11 Apr 1846 18 Feb 1932 Founder of Rodenstock, manufacturer of optical systems, ophthalmic lenses and spectacles frames. No
Röntgen Wilhelm Conrad 27 Mar 1845 10 Feb 1923 Physicist and discoverer of x-rays/Röntgen rays (8 November 1895), this earned him the first Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901. Yes Yes
Rosenmund Karl Wilhelm 15 Dec 1884 8 Feb 1965 He discovered the Rosenmund reduction, which is the reduction of acyl chlorides to aldehydes over palladium-on-carbon catalyst. The Rosenmund-von Braun reaction, the conversion of an aryl bromide to an arylnitrile is also named after him. No
Rudolph Arthur 9 Nov 1906 1 Jan 1996 Rocket engineer who, together with Wernher von Braun, played a key role in the development of the V-2 rocket. No
Rühmkorff Heinrich Daniel 15 Jan 1803 19 Dec 1877 German instrument maker who commercialized the induction coil (often referred to as the Rühmkorff coil). No
Ruska Ernst August Friedrich 25 Dec 1906 27 May 1988 Physicist, developed the first electron microscope in 1933. Nobel laureate 1986. Yes Yes

S

German inventors and discoverers: S
Surname Given name Birth date Death date Role WikiTree? Connected?
Scheele Carl Wilhelm 19 Dec 1742 21 May 1786 Oxygen (although Joseph Priestley published his findings first), identification of molybdenum, tungsten, barium, hydrogen and chlorine No
Scherbius Arthur 30 Oct 1878 13 May 1929 Developed the mechanical cipher machine Enigma. Patent granted in 1918. No
Schickard Wilhelm 22 Apr 1592 23 Oct 1635 mechanical calculator in 1623. Yes Yes
Schlack Paul 22 Dec 1897 19 Aug 1987 Invented Nylon 6. No
Schlick Friedrich Albert Moritz 14 Apr 1882 22 Jun 1936 Was a German philosopher, physicist and the founding father of logical positivism and the Vienna Circle. Yes Yes
Schliemann Johann Ludwig Heinrich Julius 6 Jan 1822 26 Dec 1890 One of the fathers of modern archaeology, among other things he discovered Homeric Troy. Yes Yes
Schmeisser Hugo 24 Sep 1884 12 Sep 1953 Developed the first modern assault rifle StG 44 in 1942. No
Schmidt Bernhard Woldemar 30 Mar 1879 1 Dec 1935 Developed a photographic telescope with minimal optical errors: the Schmidt camera. His designs would later be modified leading to the Schmidt-Newtonian and Schmidt-Cassegrain telescopes. Yes No
Schmidt Paul 26 Mar 1898 18 Oct 1976 Developed since 1928 his idea of a new drive, the "pulsating incineration", also used in the V-1 flying bomb (engine was called "Argus-Schmidtrohr"); pulsejet was a development by Schmidt. No
Schönbein Christian Friedrich 18 Oct 1799 29 Aug 1868 Schönbein is credited with four scientific advances: Ozone, Gun cotton, Collodion and Fuel cell No
Schönlein Johann Lukas 30 Nov 1793 23 Jan 1864 Professor of medicine, he discovered among other things the parasitic cause of ringworm or favus (Achorion Schönleinii). No
Schoetensack Otto 12 Jul 1850 23 Dec 1912 Named the Homo heidelbergensis. No
Schott Friedrich Otto 17 Dec 1851 27 Aug 1935 Inventor of borosilicate glass. Donated his shares in the company Carl Zeiss to form Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung, still in existence today. Yes No
Schottky Walter Hans 23 Jul 1886 4 Mar 1976 Played a major early role in developing the theory of electron and ion emission phenomena, invented the screen-grid vacuum tube and the pentode. No
Schultz Johannes Heinrich 20 Jun 1884 19 Sep 1970 Developed the desensitization-relaxation technique called Autogenic training. No
Schwab Marx about 1520[16] Silversmith, invented coining with the screw press around 1550. No
Schwann Theodor Ambrose Hubert 7 Dec 1810 11 Jan 1882 Discovery of properties of cells in animals. No
Schwarzschild Karl Siegmund 9 Oct 1873 11 May 1916 Astronomer, Schwarzschild metric, Deriving the Schwarzschild solution, Schwarzschild radius Yes Yes
Senefelder Alois 6 Nov 1771 26 Feb 1834 He invented the printing technique of lithography in 1796. No
Sertürner Friedrich Wilhelm Adam 19 Jun 1783 20 Feb 1841 First to isolate morphine from the opium poppy in 1803/1804, discovering morphine. No
von Siebold[17] Philipp Franz Balthasar 17 Feb 1796 18 Oct 1866 Physician and naturalist, detailed description and collection of the Japanese flora and fauna. Introduced Western medicine to Japan and opened a medical school. Yes Yes
von Siemens[18] Ernst Werner 13 Dec 1816 6 Dec 1892 Dynamo, pointer telegraph that used a needle to point to the right letter, first electric elevator, trolleybus. Yes Yes
Skladanowsky Max 30 Apr 1863 30 Nov 1939 Bioscop, German inventor and early filmmaker. No
Soennecken Friedrich 20 Sep 1848 2 Jul 1919 Entrepreneur and office supplier who invented the hole punch and ring binder. Yes No
Sommerfeld Arnold Johannes Wilhelm 5 Dec 1868 26 Apr 1951 Theoretical physicist who pioneered developments in atomic and quantum physics. Yes No
Stark Johannes Nikolaus 15 Apr 1874 21 Jun 1957 Discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields" (the latter is known as the Stark effect). Yes No
Steinberger Hans Jakob 25 May 1921 12 Dec 2020 German-American-Swiss physicist, co-discovered the muon neutrino, shared 1988 Nobel Prize in Physics. No
Steller[19] Georg Wilhelm 10 Mar 1709 14 Nov 1746 Chief naturalist on Vitus Bering's expedition during which Alaska was discovered (1741) and pioneer of Alaskan Natural History. Steller's sea cow (now extinct) was named after him. Yes Yes
Stern Otto M. 17 Feb 1888 17 Aug 1969 Nobel laureate; contributed to the discovery of spin quantization in the Stern–Gerlach experiment with Walther Gerlach in 1922. No
Stölzel Heinrich 7 Sep 1777 16 Feb 1844 Developed the valve for brass instruments which is used today in 1818. Friedrich Blühmel had made a similar development independently at the same time. No
Störmer Horst Ludwig 6 Apr 1949 living German-American physicist. Shared the Nobel Prize in 1998 for the discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations. No
Strauss Levi 26 Feb 1829 26 Sep 1902 The German American father of blue jeans. Yes Yes
Stromer von Reichenbach[20] Karl Ernst Heinrich 12 Jun 1871 18 Dec 1952 Discovery and Describing of Aegyptosaurus, Bahariasaurus, Carcharodontosaurus, and the largest known theropod, Spinosaurus aegyptiacus. Stromer also described the giant crocodilian Stomatosuchus. No
Straßmann Friedrich Wilhelm "Fritz" 22 Feb 1902 22 Apr 1980 German chemist who, with Otto Hahn in early 1939, identified barium in the residue after bombarding uranium with neutrons, results which, when confirmed, demonstrated the previously unknown phenomenon of nuclear fission. No
Strughold Hubertus 15 Jun 1898 25 Sep 1986 German-born physiologist and prominent medical researcher. For his role in pioneering the study of the physical and psychological effects of manned spaceflight he became known as "The Father of Space Medicine". No
Südhof Thomas Christian 22 Dec 1955 living biochemist, discovered how molecule signals instruct vesicles to release their cargo in cell. Shared the Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine 2013. No

Thomas C. Südhof:

T

German inventors and discoverers: T
Surname Given name Birth date Death date Role WikiTree? Connected?
von Tschirnhaus Ehrenfried Walther 10 Apr 1651 11 Oct 1708 Also von Tschirnhauß, mathematician, physicist, physician, and philosopher who introduced the Tschirnhaus transformation and is considered to have been the inventor of European porcelain (not Johann Friedrich Böttger who it is misattributed to frequently). No
Troplowitz Oscar 18 Jan 1863 27 Apr 1918 Pharmacist and entrepreneur who invented the adhesive tape Leukoplast for Beiersdorf AG. No

U

German inventors and discoverers: U
Surname Given name Birth date Death date Role WikiTree? Connected?
Uhlhorn Dietrich "Diedrich" 3 Jun 1764 1837 Engineer, mechanic and inventor, who invented the first mechanical tachometer (1817) and the Presse Monétaire (1817-1830, level coin press known as Uhlhorn Press) which bears his name. No

V

German inventors and discoverers: V
Surname Given name Birth date Death date Role WikiTree? Connected?
Vater Abraham 1684 1751 Professor of anatomy; Ampulla of Vater. Yes Yes
Vetter Richard Developed a fuel-efficient condensing boiler for heating systems in 1980 that is used in many houses in Europe. No
Virchow Rudolf 1821 1902 "Father of modern pathology"; numerous discoveries in the area of medicine. Yes No
Vogt Hans 1890 1979 Invented sound-on-film (idea 1905) together with Jo Engl and Joseph Massolle, first sound-on-film for the public on 17 September 1922 in Filmtheater Alhambra, Berlin, Germany.
Voigt Woldemar (or Waldemar) 1850 1919 Physicist who discovered the Voigt effect in 1898. Taught at the Georg August University of Göttingen and worked on crystal physics, thermodynamics and electro-optics.
Voigt Waldemar Chief designer at Messerschmitt's Oberammergau offices and pioneer of the Me 163 and Me 264, project leader of the development of Me P. 1101, Me P. 1106, Me P. 1110, Me P. 1111, Me P. 1112 and Me P. 1116.
Volhard Jacob Chemist who discovered, together with his student Hugo Erdmann, the Volhard–Erdmann cyclization. Yes Yes

W

German inventors and discoverers: W
Surname Given name Birth date Death date Role WikiTree? Connected?
Waldseemüller Martin c. 1470 16 Mar 1520 Sometimes known as his Latin name Hylacomylus. Cartographer who first used the name "America" on a map, drawn on his Universalis Cosmographia (1507) at Saint-Dié-des-Vosges in honour of the Florentine explorer Amerigo Vespucci. No
Wallach Otto 27 Mar 1847 26 Feb 1931 Chemist who researched, amongst others, alicyclic compounds such as terpene and pinene. Received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1910). Known for Wallach's rule, Wallach degradation, the Leuckart-Wallach reaction (which he developed along with Rudolf Leuckart) and the Wallach rearrangement. No
Walter Hellmuth 26 Aug 1900 16 Dec 1980 Engineer who pioneered research into rocket engines and gas turbines, and known for the Walter engine. No
von Wassermann August 21 Feb 1866 16 Mar 1925 Bacteriologist and hygienist who developed a complement fixation test for the diagnosis of syphilis. (1906). No
Wankel Felix 13 Aug 1902 9 Oct 1988 Mechanical engineer who invented the rotary motor, now called the Wankel motor. No
Weber Maximilian "Max" Karl Emil: 21 Apr 1864 14 Jun 1920 Sociologist, philosopher, jurist, and political economist who discovered the mass effects of capitalism and modernity, and regarded today as one of the most important theorists on the development of modern Western society. Yes Yes
Weber Wilhelm Eduard 24 Oct 1804 23 Jun 1891 Physicist who, alongside Carl Friedrich Gauss, invented the first electromagnetic telegraph. No
Wegener Alfred Lothar 1 Nov 1880 Nov 1930 Polar researcher, geophysicist and meteorologist who proposed continental drift (1912). Yes
Weinberg Wilhelm 25 Dec 1862 27 Nov 1937 Obstetrician-gynecologist who first postulated and expressed the Hardy–Weinberg principle of genetic equilibrium, and the first to explain the effect of ascertainment bias on observations in genetics. No
Weißkopf Gustav Albin 1 Jan 1874 10 Oct 1927 Also Weisskopf, later Gustav Whitehead. German-American aviation pioneer, designer and builder of early aircraft and engines reported to be the first flying a powered aircraft in 1901. No
Weiss Rainer "Rai" 29 Sep 1932 Living Born in Berlin, American physicist who invented laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors. Shared the Nobel Prize for Physics 2017. No
Wilcke Johan Carl 6 Sep 1732 18 Apr 1796 Swedish physicist born in Wismar who invented the electrophorus. No
Wilm Alfred: 25 Jun 1869 6 Aug 1937 Metallurgist who invented the alloy duralumin. No
Winckler Hugo 4 Jul 1863 19 Apr 1913 Archaeologist and historian who discovered Hattusa (Hittite Empire). No
Winkler Clemens Alexander: 26 Dec 1838 8 Oct 1904 Chemist who discovered the element germanium (1886), further solidifying Dmitri Mendeleev's theory of periodicity. No
Winterhalder Robert 26 Sep 1866 16 Mar 1932 Farmer who invented and built the first ski lift worldwide, on 14 February 1908, covering 280 meters length over a height difference of 32 meters Yes Yes
Wöhler August: 22 Jun 1819 21 Mar 1914 Railway engineer who systematically investigated fatigue phenomena in the behavior of materials, particularly metals. His research led to the S-N Curve, or Wöhler Curve. No
Wöhler Friedrich 31 Jul 1800 23 Sep 1882 Inorganic and organic chemist who was the first to synthesize urea and to isolate the chemical elements beryllium and yttrium in pure metallic form. Wöhler is regarded as a pioneer in organic chemistry. No
Wöhlk Heinrich 9 Apr 1913 23 Dec 1991 Optometrist who first developed plastic contact lenses out of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA, 1940). No
Wulf Theodor: 28 Jul 1868 19 Jun 1946 Physicist and Jesuit priest who was the first to observe an increase in atmospheric radiation (later described as cosmic rays) by using an electrometer at the bottom and the top of the Eiffel Tower. His paper would not be widely accepted but only three years later Austrian Victor Hess recorded the same observations using three of a variation on Wulf's electrometer in a balloon ascent during a near total solar eclipse and won the Nobel Prize in physics that year. No

Z

German inventors and discoverers: Z
Surname Given name Birth date Death date Role WikiTree? Connected?
Zapf Hermann 8 Nov 1918 4 Jun 2015 Pioneer of computer typography and creator of many well-known typefaces such as Palatino, Optima, and Zapfino. No
Zeiss Carl 11 Sep 1816 3 Dec 1888 Scientific instrument maker, optician and businessman who pioneered glass casting and allied procedures and processes for high quality optics, improved on microscope design, and championed healthcare benefits for his workers. No
von Zeppelin Ferdinand Adolf Heinrich August 8 Jul 1838 8 Mar 1917 General and inventor of the airship named after him, starting with the LZ1 (1900). Yes Yes
Zimmer Karl Günter 12 Jul 1911 29 Feb 1988 Physicist and radiation biologist who discovered the effects of ionizing radiation on DNA in 1935. No
Ziegler Karl Waldemar 26 Nov 1898 12 Aug 1973 Chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1963) with Giulio Natta, for work on polymers. Yes No
Zuse Konrad 22 Jun 1910 18 Dec 1995 Civil engineer and computer scientist who invented the first functional program-controlled Turing-complete computer (1941), and the first high-level programming language Plankalkül (1942). Considered the inventor of the modern computer. Yes No

Other Germans of note in science and technology

Other Germans of note in science and technology
Surname Given name Birth date Death date Role WikiTree? Connected?
Geiger Rudolf Oskar Robert Williams 24 Aug 1894 22 Jan 1981 Meteorologist and climatologist, son of Indologist Wilhelm Geiger and the brother of physicist Hans Geiger. He worked with Wladimir Köppen on climatology, continuing to make modifications on Köppen's climate classification system after his death. Yes No
Gliese Wilhelm 21 Jun 1915 12 Jun 1993 Astronomer responsible for the Gliese Catalogue of Nearby Stars. No
Gottsche Carl Christian Gottsche 1 Mar 1855 11 Oct 1909 German geologist known for geological investigations of Schleswig-Holstein and neighboring regions. He was the son of botanist Carl Moritz Gottsche (1808-1892).
Hahn Otto Hahn 13 Jul 1828 Mar 1904 Petrologist, geologist, lawyer and author. His father was Johann Franz Gottlieb Hahn (1789 – 1844). His great-grandfather was Christian Tobias Hahn (1759 – 1837), who was the half-brother of Philipp Matthäus Hahn. His book Die Meteorite (Chondrite) und ihre Organismen, published the following year in 1880, was a major work in the field of meteoritics that included 142 black and white photomicrographs of chondrite thin sections. In this latter work Hahn proposed the theory that the chondrites consist entirely of fossilized organic remains of life-forms, namely, fossilized sponges, corals, and crinoids. In addition, he claimed that the iron meteorites have an organic origin and that they are the petrified remains of a fungus or plant that was permeated with iron-nickel alloys, e.g. similar to ichnotaxa like the Chondrites. Yes No
Hochstetter Christian Gottlieb Ferdinand Hochstetter 30 Apr 1829 18 Jul 1884 Christian Gottlieb (Ferdinand) Ritter von Hochstetter, a German-Austrian geologist. The son of Christian Ferdinand Friedrich Hochstetter (1787-1860), a clergyman and professor at Bonn, who was also a botanist and mineralogist. In 1859 he was employed by the government of New Zealand to make a first geological survey of the islands. He first described and named the rock type dunite.
Mies van der Rohe Ludwig 27 Mar 1886 17 Aug 1969 One of the most influential architects of the 20th century. Married the daughter of inventor Friedrich Wilhelm Gustav Bruhn. Yes No
von Quenstedt Friedrich August von Quenstedt 10 Jul 1809 21 Dec 1889 Geologist and palaeontologist.
Schnabel Christian Leberecht Schnabel 13 May 1878 29 Jan 1936 Designer and improver of everyday objects. Possibly one of the first kinds of performance artist. Yes No
Werner Abraham Gottlob 25 Sep 1749 30 Jun 1817 Geologist who set out an early theory about the stratification of the Earth's crust and propounded a history of the Earth that came to be known as Neptunism. While most tenets of Neptunism were eventually set aside, Werner is remembered for his demonstration of chronological succession in rocks; for the zeal with which he infused his pupils; and for the impulse he thereby gave to the study of geology. He has been called the "father of German geology".


References and notes

  1. Technically Austrian but homeland annexed into Germany in 1938.
  2. O.S. is the Old Style of the Julian calendar
  3. He is generally acknowledged as the inventor of European porcelain although more recent sources ascribe this to Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus.
  4. Sources disagree on Robert Bunsen's exact birth date. His parish register, as well as two curricula vitae handwritten by Bunsen himself, support the claim that 30 March 1811 is Bunsen's true birth date; however, many later sources cite 31 March as the date. According to his biographer Georg Lockemann, Bunsen himself celebrated his birthday on the 31st in his later years. Lockemann nevertheless regarded the 30th as the correct date.
  5. The name list goes to the LNAB
  6. The name list goes to the LNAB
  7. The namelist goes to the LNAB
  8. The name list goes to the LNAB
  9. The name list goes to the LNAB
  10. Name list goes to the LNAB
  11. Name list goes to the LNAB
  12. The name list goes to the LNAB
  13. The name list goes the the LNAB
  14. The name list goes to the LNAB
  15. The Name List goes to the LNAB
  16. The birthdate is a rough estimate based on the likely invention of coining
  17. The Name list goes to his LNAB
  18. The name list goes to the LNAB
  19. The name list goes to his LNAB
  20. The name list goes to the LNAB




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Hi again Steven, Could you please add Germany Project as co-PM of this profile?

Thanks! Traci

It has been completed. Oh, so much more to do here.
posted by Steven Greenwood
Thanks Steven. Great work so far!
posted by Traci Thiessen
I just found out recently how to add internal borders to the tables. I'll get on that very soon.
posted by Steven Greenwood
Excellent work on this page Steven!! Could you please add the Germany Project to the Trusted List or as a co-manager of this page so we can get notified when changes are made? Click the Privacy tab and add [email address removed] p>Thanks!! Traci ~ Germany Project co-leader

posted by Traci Thiessen