Ischia, Isola Verde (the Green Island), Campania, Italia

Date: [unknown] [unknown]
Location: [unknown]

Contents 1 Background 1.1 History 2 Bibliography 2.1 See Also

Background

This Free-Space page provides a catch-all, for generic information about the island of Ischia and its inhabitants.

History

The most important historic structure on the Island of Ischia is what is now called the Castello Aragonese. It is named after the dynasty that was responsible for constructing the main fortification, however it has had a long history.

• 474 B.C. The original fortress was built by Hiero I in about 500 B.C.. He was a tyrant from the Sicilian region of Syracusa, who joined forces with the Greek colony of Cumae to defeat an Etruscan naval force and capture the island.
• 322 B.C. The Romans capture the island from the Greeks, so it ceases to be called Pithecusae and becomes known as Enaria (Land of Wine).
• 82 B.C. Lucius Cornelius Sulla (Silla) fights with Gaius Marius (Mario) in a Roman civil war, which brings the island of Ischia (from Insula Major "Island par excellence") under Roman Senate control.
• 6 B.C. Emporer Augustus (1st Roman Emperor) negotiates with Naples to exchange Inaria for Capri (a much smaller island). He then constructs a famous villa on the Island of Capri.
• The Heruli (an Eastern Gemanic tribe) invade Rome.
• The Ostragoths (a Baltic tribe) invade Rome
• Ischia and Naples become part of the Eastern Roman Empire (centred on Byzantium).
• 588 The Byzantines hand Ischia over to the Neapolitans.
• 661 Ischia administered by a Count, who is leige to Basil^[1], the 1st Duke of Naples^[2]. Basil was a Neapolitan by birth, and a soldier of the Byzantine Empire by trade. He was nominated by the Constantinus (Heraklian) Augustus (0630-0668), "the Bearded, Byzantine emperor" (Constans II) to be dux Campaniae (Duke of Campania)^[3]
• Barbarians attack Ischia regularly, so fortified towers are built round the coast to shelter the local population.
• 812 Pope Leo III sends a letter about Iscla Major to the Emperor Charlemagne.
• 813 Saracen attack on Ischia
• 847 Saracen attack on Ischia
• 200 years of Neapolitan control
• 1004 Heinrich Bayern (0972-1024) Henry II of Germany occupies Ischia
• 1130 Roger II of Sicily (Ruggero II "Re di Sicilia") di Altavilla conquers Ischia
• 1134 Roman rule begins.
• 1135 Pisan attack
• 1137 39th Duke of Names, Sergius VII surrenders Naples to King Roger II of Sicily (1095-1154)
• 1194-1265 Suebi control (Dominican domination)
• 1228 Ischian earthquake
• 1265-1282 Angevin control (Angionum domination)
• 1282 Peter III of Aragón recognised by Ischian inhabitants
• 1283 Angevans reconquer Ischia, see Charles I (1226/7-1285)
• 1284 Aragons re-conquer Ischia
• 1285 Peter III of Aragón dies
• 1295 Charles Martel d'Anjoy (1271-1296) dies aged 24
• 1299 [[Capet-577|Charles Napoli (1248-1309), Charles II of Anjou (an Angevan) re-takes Ischia
• 1302 The most recent erruption of the volcano that constitutes the Island of Ischia^[4]
• 1382 The forces of Carlo III of Durazzo "the short" (1345 – 24 February 1386), who was King of Naples, and King Charles II of Jerusalem (1382-1386), take Ischia^[5]
• 1385 Louis II (1337-1410) re-conquers Ischia
• 1386 Ladislaus of Naples (1377-1414) takes Ischia
• 1410 The pirate fleet of the Antipope John XXIII (1410-1415) sacks Ischia, aka Baldassarre Cossa (~1370-1419)
• 1411 Ladislaus "the Magnanimus" of Naples (1377-1414) re-takes Ischia
• 1422 Joanna II of Naples (1371-1435) gives Ischia to her adoptive son Alfonso V "Rey de Aragón" Trastámara (1396-1458)
• 1424 Joanna II and the Genoans re-take Ischia
• 1438 Alfonso (Aragon) Trastámara (1396-1458) re-occupies Castello Aragonese
• 1441 The Castello Islet is connected to the Island of Ischia by a causeway and a stone (rather than wooden) bridge
• 1458 Alfonso (Aragon) Trastámara dies and is succeeded by Ferdinando I "Ferrante" Trastámara (1423-1494)
• Giovani Toriglia (governor of Ischia) sacks Procida
• Ferdinando I and Alessandro Sforza drive Giovani Toriglia out of Ischia
• Giovani Toriglia turns to piracy
• 1465 Ferdinando I overcomes Toriglia's corsairs
• 1494 Ferdinando I dies and is succeeded by Alfonso II of Naples (1469-1496). Alfonso II abdicates in favour of his son Ferdinando II of Naples (1469-1496)
• Charles VIII de France (1470-1498) forces Ferdinando II to take refuge in Castello Aragonese. Captain Don Inaco d'Avolo, Marquis of Vasto controls Ischia^[6]
• 1503 French attack on Ischia
• 1655 The Great "Bubonic" Plague
• 1734 Bourbon conquest of Ischia
• 1764 Ischia abandoned to vagrants and criminals
• 1799 Republic of Naples declared, Commodore Thomas Troutbridge hangs rebels
• 1825 Casamicciola earthquake
• 1862 Naples province annexes Ischia to be part of "Kingdom of Italy"
• His Royal Highness Prince Oddone of Savoy visits Ischia

Bibliography

1. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basil_of_Naples
2. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_of_Naples
3. ↑ Naples in the Dark Ages
4. ↑ Ischia Volcanic Complex, Italy
5. ↑ Charles III of Naples
6. ↑ d'Avalos family Marquis of Vasto

See Also

• [https://www.hellenicaworld.com/Greece/Geo/en/Ischia.html Ischia (HellenicaWorld.com)
• History of Ischia (Ischia-Casa.com)
• A History of Ischia (IschiaReview.com)
• King & Queen Consort of Naples
• Ladislaus of Naples
• Early Ischitana Surnames
• Ariadeno Barbarossa