British Isles PEERAGE

Contents 1 British Isles Peerage 1.1 - 1 - The Peerage of Scotland 1.2 - 2 - The Peerage of England 1.3 - 3 - The Peerage of Great Britain 1.4 - 4 - The Peerage of Ireland 1.5 - 5 - The Peerage of the United Kingdom 1.6 Noble Ranks and Titles 1.7 Historical Peerages and Noble Ranks 2 Bibliography and References - Peerage 2.1 Balfour - The Scots Peerage 2.2 Cokayne - The Complete Peerage 2.3 Lodge - The Peerage of Ireland 2.4 Richardson - Royal and Magna Carta Ancestries 2.5 The Harleian Society - Visitation Series 2.6 Other Peerage Reference Sources 3 Digital Medieval Databases Online

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British Isles Peerage

There are five divisions of peerages in the United Kingdom. They are:

- 1 - The Peerage of Scotland

The Peerage of Scotland is for those peers of the realm created by the King or Queen of Scots at a time before the 1707 Treaty of Union that unified the Kingdom of Scots and the Kingdom of England into the Kingdom of Great Britain. The Peerage of Scotland is regulated under the authority of the Lord Lyon King at Arms.

- 2 - The Peerage of England

The Peerage of England is for those peers created by the King or Queen of England before the 1707 Treaty of Union that unified the Kingdom of Scots and the Kingdom of England into the Kingdom of Great Britain.

- 3 - The Peerage of Great Britain

The Peerage of Great Britain is for those peers created by the King or Queen of Great Britain after the 1707 union of the Kingdoms of England and Scotland into the Kingdom of Great Britain and before the 1801 Acts of Union of Great Britain and Ireland.

- 4 - The Peerage of Ireland

The Peerage of Ireland is for those peers created by the King or Queen of Ireland before the 1801 Acts of Union between Great Britain and Ireland that unified the Kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland into the United Kingdom.

As of 2016, there were 135 titles in the Peerage of Ireland extant: two dukedoms, ten marquessates, 43 earldoms, 28 viscountcies, and 52 baronies. The Crown of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland continues to exercise jurisdiction over the Peerage of Ireland, including those peers whose titles derive from places located in what is now the Republic of Ireland.

Article 40.2 of the 1937 Constitution of Ireland forbids the state conferring titles of nobility and an Irish citizen may not accept titles of nobility or honor except with the prior approval of the Irish government. This issue has not arisen in respect of the Peerage of Ireland because no creation of titles in it has been made since the constitution came into force.

- 5 - The Peerage of the United Kingdom

The Peerage of the United Kingdom is for those peers created by the King or Queen after the 1801 Acts of Union that unified the Kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland into the United Kingdom.

Noble Ranks and Titles

As a reward for personal bravery, achievement, loyalty, conspicuous service, or other reason, the peers of the realm could be created in a title and rank which may be styled (given an official form of address) by a written act ("letters patent" affixed with the Great Seal) signed by the reigning Monarch.

Titles could be conferred as life peerages (good for the life of the holder) or hereditary peerages which could be passed down along hereditary bloodlines (sometimes with special terms, restrictions, and conditions attached, for example limiting successors to be males, or to be children or failing them, siblings of the holder). The Monarch could at any time for any reason revoke and cancel the letters patent.

Historical Peerages and Noble Ranks

Historically the nobility and peerages were organized according to a descending order of honorific rank, chivalric order, and social standing as follows:

• Duke / Duchess is traditionally the ruler of a large land area called a "Duchy" and is the highest rank in the peerage, only surpassed by the reigning, or formerly reigning, members of the royal family, Kings, Queens, Princes, and Princesses.
• Marquess / Marchioness or "Marquis" in French, is traditionally the ruler of a land area larger than that ruled by an Earl but lesser than that of a Duke, and originally was the ruler of a "marche" frontier area or borderland.
• Earl / Countess or Count, in continental Europe, is traditionally the ruler of a county and is known as an Earl in Britain
• Viscount / Viscountess or Vice-Count is theoretically the ruler of a viscounty, which did not develop into a hereditary title until much later and is more commonly used in continental Europe than in the United Kingdom.
• Baron / Baroness is traditionally a feudal title created for the ruler of a barony.
• Baronet / Baronetess was mentioned as early as the 14th century but first officially created in 1611 by James I of England to raise funds for the crown. Abbreviated as "Bt.", a baronet is addressed as "Sir" or "Dame" the same as a Knight but ranks above Knight. Only used in the United Kingdom, Baronet is considered to be the lowest rank of the "higher" nobles because the title is hereditary and granted by letters patent.
• (Scottish) Laird / Lady is a Scottish hereditary feudal dignity ranking below a Scottish Baron but above an Esquire. Lairds may also be Knights.
• Knight / Dame dates from the 12th century, is abbreviated as "kt." or "knt.", and is addressed as "Sir" or "Dame". Considered to be the highest rank of the "lower" nobles because the title is not hereditary, was commonly bestowed by dubbing on the spot for conspicuous military or similar service, and has a chivalrous not noble connotation. Wives and widows of Knights and Baronets are addressed as "Dame".
• Esquire is a rank of gentry originally derived from "Squire" and abbreviated as "Esq.". It indicates the social status of an apprentice knight or an attendant to a knight or to a manorial lord. It ranks below Knight (or in Scotland below Laird) but above Gentleman
• Gentleman is the lowest basic rank of the male landed gentry. It ranks below Esquire, and is historically primarily associated with the untitled young sons of wealthy landowners of minor and major nobility with slim prospects to be named heir to a title due to numerous elder siblings.

Bibliography and References - Peerage

NOTICES: The Cokayne Peerage and the Richardson's Royal Ancestry are generally considered by the Wikitree England Project to be the most reliable of the "Secondary Sources" available for England, Scotland, and Ireland. The others listed below may be helpful for clues and leads.

Balfour - The Scots Peerage

• Paul, James Balfour. Lord Lyon King at Arms. Editor. 1904. The Scots Peerage: Founded on Wood's edition of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland: Containing a historical and genealogical account of the nobility of that kingdom, with armorial illustrations. Volume-1 Kings of Scotland; Earl of Abercorn to Lord Balmerino. Edinburgh: David Douglas. Scanned reproduction residing in a digital repository at the archive.org collection. Volume-1 Kings of Scotland; Earl of Abercorn to Lord Balmerino.

• Paul, James Balfour. Lord Lyon King at Arms. Editor. 1905. The Scots Peerage: Founded on Wood's edition of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland: Containing a historical and genealogical account of the nobility of that kingdom, with armorial illustrations. Volume-2 Lord Banff to Lord Cranstoun. Edinburgh: David Douglas. Scanned reproduction residing in a digital repository at the archive.org collection. Volume-2 Lord Banff to Lord Cranstoun.

• Paul, James Balfour. Lord Lyon King at Arms. Editor. 1906. The Scots Peerage: Founded on Wood's edition of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland: Containing a historical and genealogical account of the nobility of that kingdom, with armorial illustrations. Volume-3 Earl of Crawford to Viscount Falkland. Edinburgh: David Douglas. Scanned reproduction residing in a digital repository at the archive.org collection. Volume-3 Earl of Crawford to Viscount Falkland.

• Paul, James Balfour. Lord Lyon King at Arms. Editor. 1907. The Scots Peerage: Founded on Wood's edition of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland: Containing a historical and genealogical account of the nobility of that kingdom, with armorial illustrations. Volume-4 Earl of Fife to Earl of Hyndford. Edinburgh: David Douglas. Scanned reproduction residing in a digital repository at the archive.org collection. Volume-4 Earl of Fife to Earl of Hyndford.

• Paul, James Balfour. Lord Lyon King at Arms. Editor. 1908. The Scots Peerage: Founded on Wood's edition of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland: Containing a historical and genealogical account of the nobility of that kingdom, with armorial illustrations. Volume-5 Lord Innermeath to Earl of Mar. Edinburgh: David Douglas. Scanned reproduction residing in a digital repository at the archive.org collection. Volume-5 Lord Innermeath to Earl of Mar.

• Paul, James Balfour. Lord Lyon King at Arms. Editor. 1909. The Scots Peerage: Founded on Wood's edition of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland: Containing a historical and genealogical account of the nobility of that kingdom, with armorial illustrations. Volume-6 Earl of Marchmont to Viscount of Oxfuird. Edinburgh: David Douglas. Scanned reproduction residing in a digital repository at the archive.org collection. Volume-6 Earl of Marchmont to Viscount of Oxfuird.

• Paul, James Balfour. Lord Lyon King at Arms. Editor. 1910. The Scots Peerage: Founded on Wood's edition of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland: Containing a historical and genealogical account of the nobility of that kingdom, with armorial illustrations. Volume-7 Earl of Panmure to Lord Sinclair. Edinburgh: David Douglas. Scanned reproduction residing in a digital repository at the archive.org collection. Volume-7 Earl of Panmure to Lord Sinclair.

• Paul, James Balfour. Lord Lyon King at Arms. Editor. 1911. The Scots Peerage: Founded on Wood's edition of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland: Containing a historical and genealogical account of the nobility of that kingdom, with armorial illustrations. Volume-8 Lord Somerville to Earl of Winton. Edinburgh: David Douglas. Scanned reproduction residing in a digital repository at the archive.org collection. Volume-8 Lord Somerville to Earl of Winton.

• Paul, James Balfour. Lord Lyon King at Arms. Editor. 1914. The Scots Peerage: Founded on Wood's edition of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland: Containing a historical and genealogical account of the nobility of that kingdom, with armorial illustrations. Volume-9 Index and corrections. Edinburgh: David Douglas. Scanned reproduction residing in a digital repository at the archive.org collection. Volume-9 Index and corrections.
• Table of Contents:
  • Volume-1 Kings of Scotland; Earl of Abercorn to Lord Balmerino
  • Volume-2 Lord Banff to Lord Cranstoun
  • Volume-3 Earl of Crawford to Viscount Falkland
  • Volume-4 Earl of Fife to Earl of Hyndford
  • Volume-5 Lord Innermeath to Earl of Mar
  • Volume-6 Earl of Marchmont to Viscount of Oxfuird
  • Volume-7 Earl of Panmure to Lord Sinclair
  • Volume-8 Lord Somerville to Earl of Winton
  • Volume-9 Index and Corrections

Cokayne - The Complete Peerage

• Cokayne, George E. 1910. 2nd Edition edited by Vicary Gibbs. The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom: Extant, Extinct, or Dormant: Volume-1 Ab-Adam to Basing. St. Catherine Press, London. Scanned reproduction residing in an online digital repository as part of the familysearch.org collection. Vol-1 Ab-Adam to Basing.

• Cokayne, George E. 1912. 2nd Edition edited by Vicary Gibbs. The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom: Extant, Extinct, or Dormant: Volume-2 Bass to Canning. London: St. Catherine Press. Scanned reproduction residing in an online digital repository as part of the familysearch.org collection. Vol-2 Bass to Canning.

• Cokayne, George E. 1912. 2nd Edition edited by Vicary Gibbs and H. Arthur Doubleday. The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom: Extant, Extinct, or Dormant: Volume-3 Canonteign to Cutts. London: St. Catherine Press. Scanned reproduction residing in an online digital repository as part of the familysearch.org collection. Vol-3 Canonteign to Cutts.

• Cokayne, George E. 1916. 2nd Edition edited by Vicary Gibbs and H. Arthur Doubleday. The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom: Extant, Extinct, or Dormant: Volume-4 Dacre to Dysart. London: St. Catherine Press. Scanned reproduction residing in an online digital repository as part of the familysearch.org collection. Vol-4 Dacre to Dysart.

• Cokayne, George E. 1926. 2nd Edition edited by Vicary Gibbs and H. Arthur Doubleday. The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom: Extant, Extinct, or Dormant: Volume-5 Eardley of Spalding to Goojerat. London: St. Catherine Press. Scanned reproduction residing in an online digital repository as part of the familysearch.org collection. Vol-5 Eardley of Spalding to Goojerat.

• Cokayne, George E. 1926. 2nd Edition revised by Vicary Gibbs and edited by H. A. Doubleday, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden. The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom: Extant, Extinct, or Dormant: Volume-6 Gordon to Hurstpierpoint. London: St. Catherine Press. Scanned reproduction residing in an online digital repository as part of the familysearch.org collection. Vol-6 Gordon to Hurstpierpoint.

• Cokayne, George E. 1929. 2nd Edition revised by Vicary Gibbs and edited by H. A. Doubleday and Lord Howard de Walden. The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom: Extant, Extinct, or Dormant: Volume-7 Husee to Lincolnshire. London: St. Catherine Press. Scanned reproduction residing in an online digital repository as part of the familysearch.org collection. Vol-7 Husee to Lincolnshire.

• Cokayne, George E. 1932. 2nd Edition revised by Vicary Gibbs and edited by H. A. Doubleday and Lord Howard de Walden. The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom: Extant, Extinct, or Dormant: Volume-8 Lindley to Moate. London: St. Catherine Press. Scanned reproduction residing in an online digital repository as part of the familysearch.org collection. Vol-8 Lindley to Moate.

• Cokayne, George E. 1936. 2nd Edition revised by Vicary Gibbs and edited by H. A. Doubleday and Lord Howard de Walden. The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom: Extant, Extinct, or Dormant: Volume-9 Moels to Nuneham. London: St. Catherine Press. Scanned reproduction residing in an online digital repository as part of the familysearch.org collection. Vol-9 Moels to Nuneham.

• Cokayne, George E. 1945. 2nd Edition revised and edited by the late H. A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, and Lord Howard de Walden. The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom: Extant, Extinct, or Dormant: Volume-10 Oakham to Richmond. London: St. Catherine Press. Scanned reproduction residing in an online digital repository as part of the familysearch.org collection. Vol-10 Oakham to Richmond.

• Cokayne, George E. 1949. 2nd Edition revised and edited by Geoffrey H. White. The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom: Extant, Extinct, or Dormant: Volume-11 Rickerton to Sisonby. London: St. Catherine Press. Scanned reproduction residing in an online digital repository as part of the familysearch.org collection. Vol-11 Rickerton to Sisonby.

• Cokayne, George E. 1953. 2nd Edition revised and edited by Geoffrey H. White. The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom: Extant, Extinct, or Dormant: Volume-12 Part-1 Skelmersdale to Towton. London: St. Catherine Press. Scanned reproduction residing in an online digital repository as part of the familysearch.org collection. Vol-12 Part-1 Skelmersdale to Towton.

• Cokayne, George E. 1959. 2nd Edition revised and edited by Geoffrey H. White and R.S. Lea. The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom: Extant, Extinct, or Dormant: Volume-12 Part-2 Tracton to Zouche. London: St. Catherine Press. Scanned reproduction residing in an online digital repository as part of the familysearch.org collection. Vol-12 Part-2 Tracton to Zouche.

• Cokayne, George E. 1940. 2nd Edition revised and edited by H.A. Doubleday and Lord Howard De Walden. The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom: Extant, Extinct, or Dormant: Volume-13 Peers created 1901-1938. London: St. Catherine Press. Scanned reproduction residing in an online digital repository as part of the familysearch.org collection. Vol-13 Peers created 1901-1938.

• Cokayne, George E. 1998. 2nd Edition revised and edited by Peter W. Hammond. The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom: Extant, Extinct, or Dormant: Volume-14 Addenda and corrigenda.. Phoenix Mill: Sutton. Scanned reproduction residing in an online digital repository as part of the familysearch.org collection. Vol-14 Addenda and corrigenda..

• Table of Contents:
  • Volume-1 Ab-Adam to Basing
  • Volume-2 Bass to Canning
  • Volume-3 Canonteign to Cutts
  • Volume-4 Dacre to Dysart
  • Volume-5 Eardley of Spalding to Goojerat
  • Volume-6 Gordon to Hurstpierpoint
  • Volume-7 Husee to Lincolnshire
  • Volume-8 Lindley to Moate
  • Volume-9 Moels to Nuneham
  • Volume-10 Oakham to Richmond
  • Volume-11 Rickerton to Sisonby
  • Volume-12-1 Skelmersdale to Towton
  • Volume-12-2 Tracton to Zouche
  • Volume-13 Peers created 1901-1938
  • Volume-14 Addenda and Corrigenda.

Lodge - The Peerage of Ireland

Lodge, John. 1754. The Peerage of Ireland: Or, A Genealogical History of the Present Nobility of that Kingdom: with their Paternal Coats of Arms. W. Johnston, London. 4-Volume Set HERE. Scanned reproductions residing in a digital repository as part of the familysearch.org collection. Each volume may be viewed independently. Volumes are organized by rank and title.

• Table of Contents Volume-1 Earls
• Table of Contents Volume-2 Earls-Vicounts
• Table of Contents Volume-3 Vicounts
• Table of Contents Volume-4 Barons

• Lodge, John. 1754. The Peerage of Ireland: Or, A Genealogical History of the Present Nobility of that Kingdom: with their Paternal Coats of Arms Volume-1. W. Johnston, London. Volume-1

• Lodge, John. 1754. The Peerage of Ireland: Or, A Genealogical History of the Present Nobility of that Kingdom: with their Paternal Coats of Arms Volume-2. W. Johnston, London. Volume-2

• Lodge, John. 1754. The Peerage of Ireland: Or, A Genealogical History of the Present Nobility of that Kingdom: with their Paternal Coats of Arms Volume-3. W. Johnston, London. Volume-3

• Lodge, John. 1754. The Peerage of Ireland: Or, A Genealogical History of the Present Nobility of that Kingdom: with their Paternal Coats of Arms Volume-4. W. Johnston, London. Volume-4

Richardson - Royal and Magna Carta Ancestries

Richardson, Douglas. 2011. Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families. Expanded Edition. Edited by K.G. Everingham. Salt Lake City: Douglas Richardson. Four-volume set. Organized alphabetically. No Ebook edition, available in print only. By Volume Table of Contents:

• Volume-1 Magna Carta, Abell to Cromwell
• Volume-2 Crophill to Lanvallay
• Volume-3 Latimer to Scotland
• Volume-4 Scott to Zouche

Richardson, Douglas. 2011. Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families. Edited by K.G. Everingham. Salt Lake City: Douglas Richardson. Three-volume set. Organized alphabetically. No Ebook edition, available in print only. By Volume Table of Contents:

• Volume-1 Plantagenets, Abell to Ellis
• Volume-2 Elsing to Pembroke
• Volume-3 Percy to Zouche

Richardson, Douglas. 2013. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families. Expanded Edition. Edited by K.G. Everingham. Salt Lake City: Douglas Richardson. Five-volume set. Organized alphabetically. No Ebook edition, available in print only. By Volume Table of Contents:

• Volume-1 England; Abell to Brus
• Volume-2 Bryan to Fitzwillliam
• Volume-3 Flanders to Mackworth
• Volume-4 Mainwaring to Southwick
• Volume-5 Spotswood to Zouche

The Harleian Society - Visitation Series

• Bysshe, Edward. 1885. A Visitation of the County of Surrey: begun 1662 finished 1668. Edited by G.J. Armstrong. London: The Harleian Society. 294pp. Scanned digital reproduction in the archive.org collection.Link Here.

• Chitty, Henry and John Phillipot. 1885. The Visitation of the County of Gloucester, Taken in the year 1623, with pedigrees from the herald's visitations of 1569 and 1582-3 and sundry miscellaneous pedigrees. Edited by John Maclean and W.C. Heane. London: The Harleian Society. 332pp. Scanned digital reproduction in the archive.org collection.

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Link Here.

1. The Harleian Society: Visitation Series. Volumes 1 to 30. Link Here.
2. The Harleian Society: Visitation Series. Volumes 31 to 60. Link Here.
3. The Harleian Society: Visitation Series. Volumes 61 to 90. Link Here.
4. The Harleian Society: Visitation Series. Volumes 91 to 117. Link Here.

1. The Harleian Society: Register Series. Volumes 1 to 30. Link Here.
2. The Harleian Society: Register Series. Volumes 31 to 60. Link Here.
3. The Harleian Society: Register Series. Volumes 61 to 89. Link Here.

1. The Harleian Society: New Series. Volumes 1 to 22. Link Here.

Other Peerage Reference Sources

• Debrett. 1903. Debrett's Peerage, Baronetage, Knightage, and Companionage. London: Dean and Son. 2386p. Scanned reproduction residing in a digital repository at the archive.org collection. Download Here.

• Dod, Charles R. 1872. Baronetage and Knightage, of Great Britain and Ireland. London: Whitaker. 866p. Scanned reproduction residing in a digital repository at the archive.org collection. Download Here.

• Dunbar, Archibald Hamilton. 1906. 2nd Edition. Scottish Kings: A revised chronology of Scottish History, 1005-1625, with notices of the principal events, tables of regnal years, pedigrees, tables, calendars, etc. Edinburgh: D. Douglas. PDF Download.

• Giles, J. A. 1891. Six Old English Chronicles: Of which Two are now first Translated from the Monkish Latin Originals. – Neenius' History of the Britons (Rev. Gunn translation) – Gildas' De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae – Monmouth's British History – Ethewerd's Chronicle – Asser's Life of Alfred – Richard of Cirencester's De Situ Brittaniae (later revealed to be a forgery by Charles Bertram). London: G. Bell. Scanned reproduction residing in a digital repository at the archive.org collection. View / Download.

• O'Hart, John. 1892. 5th Edition. Irish Pedigrees; or the Origin and Stem of the Irish Nation, Volume-1. James Duffy and Co. Dublin, London, Glasgow, New York. Scanned reproduction residing in a digital repository at the archive.org collection. Volume-1.

• O'Hart, John. 1892. 5th Edition. Irish Pedigrees; or the Origin and Stem of the Irish Nation, Volume-2. James Duffy and Co. Dublin, London, Glasgow, New York. Scanned reproduction residing in a digital repository at the archive.org collection. Volume-2.

• Shaw, W.A. 1906. The Knights of England. A complete record from the earliest time to the present day of the knights of all the orders of chivalry in England, Scotland, and Ireland, and of knights bachelors, incorporating a complete list of knights bachelors dubbed in Ireland - Volume-1. Compiled by G.D. Burtchaell. London: Sherratt and Hughes. 584pp. Scanned digital reproduction in the archive.org collection. Link Here.

• Shaw, W.A. 1906. The Knights of England. A complete record from the earliest time to the present day of the knights of all the orders of chivalry in England, Scotland, and Ireland, and of knights bachelors, incorporating a complete list of knights bachelors dubbed in Ireland - Volume-2. Compiled by G.D. Burtchaell. London: Sherratt and Hughes. 692pp. Scanned digital reproduction in the archive.org collection.Link Here.

Digital Medieval Databases Online

DIB — The Dictionary of Irish Biography — The "go-to" reference source for Irish biographies is the searchable online edition of the Dictionary of Irish Biography: McGuire, James and James Quinn. 2018. The Dictionary of Irish Biography: from the earliest times to the year 2018. Eleven Volume Set. Cambridge University Press. It is also published as a complete, digital online edition created, maintained, and continuously updated by the Royal Irish Academy. It is known as the Dictionary of Irish Biography and is accessible here The DIB. It is organized alphabetically and is fully searchable.

DOMESDAY — Doomsday Book. 1086. — Also known as The Great Survey of England by William I (the Conqueror). It was the most comprehensive assessment of property and land ever undertaken in medieval Europe. Images may be reused under a Creative Commons BY-SA license with credit to Professor J.J.N. Palmer and George Slater, Site by Anna Powell-Smith. Digital transcription by the University of Hull Domesday Project using the Domesday Explorer Application.

FMG — Medieval Lands — Cawley, Charles. Last Update 31 Jan 2022. Medieval Lands: A Prosopography of Medieval European Noble and Royal Families. "Online Edition Here" Hosted online by the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy.

Gildas the Wise — De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae circa 510 - 530 CE. — Also known in English as The Ruin and Conquest of Britain. Gildas' work is of great importance to historians, because, although it is not intended primarily as history, it is almost the only surviving source written by a near-contemporary of British events in the fifth and sixth centuries. Transcribed online English translation of Gildas by Giles (1848) in the Medieval Sourcebook hosted by Fordham University Gildas (c.504-570) Works.

IHSP — Internet History Sourcebooks Project — IHSP is a collection of public domain and copy-permitted historical texts established and maintained at Fordham University. For Ancient History Start Here. For Medieval History Start Here. For an online Medieval Sources Bibliography Start Here.

PASE — The Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England — PASE is a searchable, relational database of structured digital information relating to all the recorded inhabitants of England from the late sixth to the late eleventh century. PASE is maintained by the Department of History and the Centre for Computing in the Humanities at King’s College London, and the Department of Anglo-Saxon, Norse, and Celtic at the University of Cambridge. Search PASE Here. The recommended citation format is found at Cite PASE.

POMS — People of Medieval Scotland 1093 - 1371 — POMS is an online database of all known people of medieval Scotland between 1093 and 1314 mentioned in over 8600 contemporary documents, extended to 1371 to include all those lands, peoples, and relationships mentioned in royal charters between 1314 and 1371. Hosted and maintained by the University of Glasgow and King's College London. Search POMS Here. The recommended citation format will be found with the entry returned by a successful search result.

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