New Netherland Settlements
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[send private message] and Steven Mix [send private message]New Netherland Settlements is the full list of the settlements of the pioneers of the New_Netherland_Settlers Project, as they were first established in 1613, and continuing through 1671. Some of these settlements failed completely, being prone to Native American attacks. The Dutch also steadily lost some of this territory to the English as well, but they also gained territory from the Swedes. By 1674, the entire territory of New Netherland had been ceded over in capitulation to the English, through a series of wars. From 1674-1678 a subsequent brief period of Dutch colonization existed to the far northeast of New England as "New Holland." This was Dutch conquest in French territory which later became part of the English colony Maine.
Contents |
Territory
For its first half-century, the Dutch-claimed Middle Colonies of New Netherland encompassed a huge swath of mostly wilderness territory, inhabited by large populations of native tribes, but which became only sparsely populated by European settlers and their descendants. Settlement was along the main wide river valleys, closely clustered around a network of protective forts.
For New Netherland, these settlements stretched from the south, along the Delaware River valley east of the Blue Mountains on the northern tip of the Appalachian range; and in the north, it reached hundreds of miles north from New York Bay along the Hudson River valley east of the Catskill Mountains, south of the Adirondack Mountains, and west of the Taconic Mountains and the Green Mountains to the far northeast. To the east, for some hundred miles along the northern mainland shore of Long Island Sound, the Dutch only briefly held a series of sporadic trading outposts, both west and east of the mouth of the Connecticut River, and reaching as far east as Narragansett Bay in what is now Rhode Island.
Demographics
Deadly conficts were common with the natives, who vastly outnumbered the settlers. This despite the fact that the original native populations throughout the Americas, which are estimated to have once numbered in the millions, had been reduced in the prior century by perhaps as much as 90% from virgin exposure to diseases introduced by the first Spanish, Portuguese and French explorers and conquistadors.
Below are the population estimates of the settlers and their families. These figures do not include Native Americans.
| Census Year | Population Estimate |
|---|---|
| 1628 | 270 |
| 1630 | 300 |
| 1640 | 500 |
| 1650 | 800 -1,000 |
| 1664 | 9,000 |
Early History
Dutch East India Company
The land was widely populated by native tribes, and was first explored for Europeans in 1609 by Henry Hudson while sailing on an expedition for the Dutch East India Company. The region was later surveyed, charted and given the name New Netherland in 1614. The Dutch named the three main rivers of the province the Zuyd Rivier or "South River" (Delaware River), the Noort Rivier or "North River" (Hudson River), and the Versche Rivier or "Fresh River" (Connecticut River). These were the prime access routes inland to the lucrative fur trade.[1] These three rivers then formed the boundaries of New Netherland.
New Netherland Company
For the first decade in the 1610s the Dutch did not establish large-scale settlements, but instead built the factorijen, a system dating from Medieval Europe for merchants to carry on business in foreign lands. These were trading posts with soldiers and a small group of pioneer settlers. In this period the New Netherland Company built Fort Nassau in Mahican / Mohawk territory on the North River. Among the places it is believed factorijen were set up are Schenectady, Schoharie, Esopus, Rodenbergh, Communipaw, Ninigret, and Manhattan.
On October 11, 1614 the New Netherland Company had obtained a Dutch charter which granted them a monopoly of trade between the 40th and 45th parallel for a period of three years, starting on January 1, 1615.[2]
After 1618 New Netherland was open to all traders, but for a few more years the majority of trade was still conducted by the New Netherland Company.
Dutch West India Company
On June 3, 1621 the Dutch West India Company (WIC) was granted a a joint venture charter to trade in New Netherland. That year, Fort Nassau on the Zuyd Rivier (Delaware) was established as the first of such fortified trading posts built by the company, The names Fort Nassau and Fort Orange were commonly used by the Dutch in the 17th century for several fortifications around the world in honor of the House of Orange-Nassau.
In 1624, the company's first settlers landed on Noten Eylant, at the mouth of the North River, now known as Governors Island. There they began the fortification and settlement of that first true Dutch colony in New Netherland.
Patroonship
On June 7, 1629 the WIC began the patroonship era in New Netherland, to help populate the sparse colony. The patroonships provided investors grants of land for approximately 50 people "upwards of 15 years old" per grant, mainly in the region of New Netherland. Patroon investors could expand the size of their land grants as large as 4 miles, "along the shore or along one bank of a navigable river..." In 1630 Rensselaerswyck began as the most successful Dutch West India Company patroonship.[3]
New Sweden
In late 1637, The Swedish West India Company mandate sought to establish trading colonies between Florida and Newfoundland, particularly concentrated in the Delaware river valley. Its charter included Swedish, Dutch, and German stockholders. The appointed leader of the first Swedish expedition was Peter Minuit, the former Governor of New Amsterdam. Along with Swedes and Finns, a number of the pioneers of the expedition were Dutch. On March 29, 1638, the expedition, aboard the ships Fogel Grip and Kalmar Nyckel, sailed into Delaware Bay, and anchored at a rocky point on the Minquas Kill that is known today as Swedes' Landing.
They built a fort on the present site of the city of Wilmington, which they named Fort Christina, after Queen Christina of Sweden. From this first fort in 1638, New Sweden then extended north from the mouth of the Zuyd Rivier or "South River" (Delaware), on territory claimed by the Dutch Republic, in the present-day American Mid-Atlantic states of Delaware, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. [4]
Peter Minuit finished Fort Christina during 1638, and became the first governor of New Sweden. Minuit then departed for Stockholm for a second group. He made a side trip to the Caribbean to pick up a shipment of tobacco for resale in Europe to make the voyage profitable. Minuit died on this voyage during a hurricane at St. Christopher in the Caribbean.
In the following years, 600 Swedes and Finns, and also a number of Dutchmen and Germans in Swedish service, settled in the area. At the time, the Dutch were unable to prevent the New Sweden incursion into this claimed New Netherland southern territory, and they did not officially recognize the colony. From 1643 to 1653, the company expanded along the river from Fort Christina, establishing Fort Nya Elfsborg on the east bank of the Delaware near present-day Salem, New Jersey and Fort Nya Gothenborg on Tinicum Island (to the immediate southwest of today's Philadelphia).
Then in 1655 New Sweden was brought under Dutch control in a military expedition led by Director-General of New Netherland Peter Stuyvesant. In that year the government enacted regulations requiring settlers throughout the province to construct stockades to which they could withdraw if attacked, the most extensive being at Wiltwyck.
Settlements
This table encompasses all of the original and acquired colonial settlements in the entire region known as New Netherland, as it was claimed by the Dutch. [5]
The "Pioneers" column names the principal founder(s) or original settler(s) in each settlement, and is intended to link to their WikiTree profiles. If you know of a WikiTree profile of a pioneer in one of these settlements, please leave that pioneer's link in the Comments section here, so that the person or the link can be added to the list.
In the tables below, the end dates are the end of the settlement, or the end of Dutch rule there. If the settlement otherwise continued as a modern city, then the end of Dutch rule in 1674 applies.
| Settlement | Origin Date | End Date | Location and Description | Pioneers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rensselaerswyck | 1630 | 1674 | patroonship of Kiliaen van Rensselaer on the North River, now Capital District | Kiliaen van Rensselaer |
| Pavonia | 1630 | 1664 | on the North River, attempted patroonship of Michael Pauw, now Hudson County | Michael Pauw |
| Zwaanendael | 1631 | --- | on the Zuyd Rivier, soon after plundered by the local natives, now Lewes | |
| Fort Huis de Goed Hoop | 1633 | --- | near the Fresh River, now Hartford | |
| Communipaw | 1634 | --- | as Jan de Lacher's Hoeck, now Liberty State Park | |
| Noortwijk | 1630s | --- | now Greenwich Village | |
| Connecticut Colony | 1636 | --- | by New Englanders near Dutch Fort Huis de Goed Hoop (1633), on Park River near Fresh River (Connecticut River at Hartford, CT) Connecticut Colony map image | |
| Nieuwe Haarlem | 1637 | 1674 | (1652) municipal charter | |
| Pelham | 1637 | --- | a New Englander's homestead | |
| New Haven Colony | 1638 | --- | New Englander towns found at mouth of Quinnipiac River | |
| Broncks | 1639 | --- | now The Bronx, settled by Jonas Bronck | Jonas Bronck |
| Paulus Hoeck | 1639 | --- | a patent at Pavonia | |
| Staaten Eylandt | 1639 | --- | an attempted patroonship of Cornelius Meyln | Cornelius Meyln |
| Southhold | 1640 | --- | ||
| Achter Col | 1641 | --- | an attempted patroonship on the Hackensack River | |
| Vriessendael | 1640 | --- | homestead of David Pietersen de Vries, now Edgewater | David Pietersen de Vries |
| Greenwich | 1642 | --- | English manor under Dutch jurisdiction | |
| Vriedelandt | 1642 | --- | Englishman John Throckmorton settled, now Throg's Neck | John Throckmorton |
| Maspat | 1642 | --- | under a charter granted to Rev. Francis Doughty, now Maspeth | Rev. Francis Doughty |
| Beverwijck | 1640s | --- | a trading post surrounded by Rensselaerswyck, (1652) municipal charter; now (along with Fort Orange) the core of Albany | |
| Peekskill | 1640s? | --- | possibly early 1640s, formalized in 1684 | |
| Hemsteede | 1643 | --- | New England settlement on Lange Eylandt; later became Hempstead | John Carman |
| Hoboken | 1643 | --- | a lease at Pavonia | |
| Eastchester | 1643 | --- | homestead of Anne Hutchinson's family and followers | Anne Hutchinson |
| Gravesend | 1645 | 1674 | settled under Dutch patent by English Anabaptist Lady Deborah Moody and followers | Lady Deborah Moody |
| Vlissingen | 1645 | 1674 | under Dutch patent, mostly English colonists, many of them Quakers, now Flushing | |
| Breuckelen | 1646 | 1674 | now Brooklyn Heights | |
| Colen Donck | 1646 | 1674 | homestead of Jonkheer Adriaen van der Donck, now Yonkers | Adriaen van der Donck |
| Constable Hook | 1646 | 1674 | patent | |
| Nieuw Amersfoort | 1647 | 1674 | now Flatlands | |
| Minkakwa | 1647 | --- | now Caven Point | |
| Weehawken | 1647 | --- | a land patent | |
| De Bouwerij | 1649 | --- | homestead of Petrus Stuyvesant | Petrus Stuyvesant[6] |
| Midwout | 1652 | --- | now Midwood | |
| Esopus | 1652 | 1674 | now Ulster County | Thomas Chambers |
| Nieuw Utrecht | 1652 | --- | or New Utrecht | |
| Oester Baai | 1653 | --- | at the 1650 border between New England and New Netherland, now Oyster Bay | |
| Pelham Manor | 1654 | --- | Englishman's Thomas Pell's purchase New Netherland/Siwanoy territory | Thomas Pell |
| Pamrapo | 1654 | --- | Achter Col patents, now Bayonne | |
| Rustdorp | 1656 | 1674 | land patent, now Jamaica | |
| Wiltwijk | 1657 | --- | now Kingston, the Rondout fort (1657) at Rondout Creek near the North River, at Wiltwijk Wiltwijk map image | |
| Poughkeepsie | 1650s | --- | by Barent Baltus | Barent Baltus |
| Bergen | 1660 | --- | now Bergen and Hudson Counties, Bergen Square fort, (1661) atop Bergen Hill | |
| Rye | 1660 | --- | land purchase by English settlers | |
| Oude Dorpe | 1661 | --- | now Old Town on Staten Island | |
| Boswijck | 1661 | --- | now Bushwick | |
| Schenectady | 1661 | --- | ||
| Claverack | 1662 | --- | now Hudson | |
| Plockhoy Zwaanendael | 1663 | --- | by Pieter Corneliszoon Plockhoy | Pieter Corneliszoon Plockhoy |
| English Neighborhood | 1668 | --- | eastern Bergen County | |
| Rotterdam | 1670 | --- | as Woestina | |
| Nieuw Dorp | 1671 | --- | now New Dorp | |
Penobscot Bay
| Northwest Québec, Canada Moosehead Lake |
North Penobscot River Bangor |
Northeast Saint Croix River |
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| West Kennebec River |
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Penobscot Bay, Maine |  |
East Bar Harbor |
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| Southwest Portland |
South Atlantic Ocean |
Southeast Atlantic Ocean |
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| Settlement | Origin Date | End Date | Location and Description | Pioneers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fort Pentagouet, New Holland | 1674 | 1678 | French fort in what is now Castine, in Penobscot Bay, Maine, was the French capital of Acadia (1670–1674)[7], captured by Dutch captain Jurriaen Aernoutsz who came from New Amsterdam, and renamed Acadia as New Holland.[8] In 1676 Dutch West India Company appointed Cornelis van Steenwijck, a Dutch merchant in New York, as governor of the "coasts and countries of Nova Scotia and Acadie." Dutch abandoned claim to Acadia in 1678. | Jurriaen Aernoutsz[9]
Cornelis van Steenwijck[10] |
Narragansett Bay
| Settlement | Origin Date | End Date | Location and Description | Pioneers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quetenesse | 1636 | 1654 | New Netherland, now Dutch Island, on the western passage of Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island. The island is now a part of the town of Jamestown, Rhode Island, and is uninhabited in modern times. Around 1636 Abraham Pietersen van Deusen of the Dutch WIC established a trading post on the island to trade with the Narragansett Indians. In 1654 English colonists purchased the island from the Indians. Dutch Island Lighthouse was built there in 1827. As of 2007, the island is part of the Bay Islands Park system of Rhode Island, with no remnants of the Dutch trading post existing today. Dutch Island postcard image | Abraham Pietersen van Deusen[11] |
| Fort Ninigret | c.1637 | --- | New Netherland, on the mainland across from Dutch Island in Rhode island | |
Connecticut River
| Settlement | Origin Date | End Date | Location and Description | Pioneers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kievets Hoek | 1624 | 1635 | New Netherland, a short-lived factorij at the mouth of the Connecticut River at present day Old Saybrook, Connecticut, established soon after the first Dutch settlement at Noten Eylant (Governor's Island). In 1624, The second family settler ship voyage, Nieu Nederlandt, arrived with thirty Flemish Walloon families. The families were spread out over the entire territory claimed by the company. On entering Long Island Sound, on what was the far eastern reach of New Netherland at that time, a few families were left here at the mouth of the Connecticut River.[12] Named Kievits Hoek, or "Plover's Corner," it was soon abandoned as the Dutch consolidated settlement at New Amsterdam instead. In late 1635 the English Saybrook Colony was established on the site, with John Winthrop, the Younger, designated Governor by the group, aided by Colonel George Fenwick and Captain Lion Gardiner. 1636 Old Saybrook map image | John Winthrop, the Younger[13]
Colonel George Fenwick[14] Captain Lion Gardiner[15] |
Quinnipiac River
| Settlement | Origin Date | End Date | Location and Description | Pioneers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Roduins or Rodenbergh | 1614 | 1637 | a Dutch factorij through the 1620s? at the mouth of the Quinnipiac River, now New Haven, CT, was first briefly visited by Dutch explorer Adriaen Block in 1614, and became a small, sporadic Dutch trading post. To the English it was first known as Quinnipiac after the native tribe there. In 1637 it was reconnoitered by a small party of English who wintered over, and then in April 1638 it was firmly English-settled by 500 Puritans from Massachusetts Bay Colony under Rev. John Davenport and Theophilus Eaton, who bought the land from natives, and named it Newhaven, where it was settled as an intolerant theocracy that did not permit other churches to be established. 1641 New Haven map image New Haven area map image | Adriaen Block
Reverend John Davenport[16] Theophilus Eaton[17] |
Upper Hudson Valley
| Settlement | Origin Date | End Date | Location and Description | Pioneers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fort Nassau | 1615 | 1618 | the first Dutch factorij settlement in North America, in Mahican / Mohawk territory on the North River (upper Hudson); sited at "Castle Island", on ruins of an earlier French fortification from 1540. Built by Hendrick Christiaensen and garrisoned by 10-12 men. In 1616, Jacob Eelkens became commander on Christiaensen's death. In 1617 it was damaged and abandoned and rebuilt by Eelkens on better ground on Westerlo Island at the mouth of the Normans Kill (called the Tawasentha by the natives) at the North River. In 1618 a freshet flood again destroyed the new fort and it was abandoned for good. The site is now the Port of Albany-Rensselaer In what became part of the town of Bethlehem, then Albany. In 1624 it was replaced by Fort Orange at Albany. 1629 Castle Island map image | Hendrick Christiaensen[18]
Jacob Eelkens |
| Fort Orange | 1624 | 1674 | built to replace the first and second Fort Nassau, which was at the mouth of the Normans Kill and the North River, now Albany. In 1624, a Dutch ship with 30 Walloon families (Flemish-French Protestants from what is today Belgium) arrived in New Netherland. They were among the second family settler ship voyage, Nieu Nederlandt. The families were spread out over the entire territory claimed by the company. After entering Long Island Sound, on what was the far eastern reach of New Netherland at that time, a few families had been left there at the mouth of the Connecticut River, while others went on to be dropped off at Noten Eylant, while the remaining party were taken up the Hudson to construct Fort Orange.[19] 18 of the men were sent to the location near present-day Albany. Under direction of the Dutch, they built Fort Orange roughly 2 miles north of Fort Nassau. The Walloons were later recalled south to settle New Amsterdam. In 1629 Kiliaen van Rensselaer established his patroonship of Rensselaerswyck, surrounding Fort Orange on 24 miles of shoreline along the Hudson River and 24 miles inland on each side of the fort. This land patent was interpreted by van Rensselaer as including Fort Orange and the settlement that had begun outside its walls. In 1630, Gillis Hoosett purchased the lands to the south and north of the fort from the natives. Later in 1630 the first permanent Dutch settlers and farmers came to Fort Orange and settled on the outskirts of the fort; their village was first called the Fuyck and later Beverwyck. During its half century of Dutch existence, the Dutch commanders of the fort were: Adriaen Jorrissen Thienpont, Daniel van Krieckebeck, Hans Jorissen Houten, Carl van Brugge, Johannes Dyckman, Johannes de Decker, and Johannes de la Montagne. In 1651, Governor Stuyvesant declared the jurisdiction of the fort to extend only 600 paces around the fort, thereby severing it from surrounding Rensselaerswyck. In 1652, Stuyvesant, to settle this dispute once and for all, set up a "Court of Justice for the Village of Beverwyck and its dependencies", the first municipal government for the future city of Albany. Beverwyck had consisted of roughly 100 structures huddled next to the fort, and then Stuyvesant set up Beverwyck at a safer distance from the cannons of the fort and laid out future Albany's oldest streets- State Street and Broadway. In 1660, both Fort Orange and Beverwyck were enclosed by a wooden stockade. On September 24, 1664 the Dutch surrendered the fort to the English. The fort was renamed Fort Albany, and Beverwyck was named Albany. In 1673 the Dutch retook New York City, which they named New Orange on July 29. They then retook Albany on August 3, and in September 1673, Albany was renamed Willemstadt and Fort Albany became Fort Nassau, under the Dutch command of Lieutenant Andries Draeyer. In 1676 the English abandoned the old Dutch fort and removed to the new Fort Frederick, constructed on top of State Street Hill. The land around the old fort was sold to the Dutch Reformed Church for use as pastureland, and the old ruins disappeared by the late 18th century, and became a historic memorial site for a time. In the 1790s Simeon De Witt built a mansion on the old site, with address at 549 South Market Street (later Broadway). Following his death, his mansion became the Fort Orange Hotel. It burned down in 1848 but was rebuilt under the same name. On November 4, 1993 it was declared a National Historic Landmark as the Fort Orange Archeological Site. Fort Orange map image | Kiliaen van Rensselaer[20]
Gillis Hoosett Adriaen Jorrissen Thienpont[21] Daniel van Krieckebeck Hans Jorissen Houten Carl van Brugge Johannes Dyckman[22] Johannes de Decker Lt. Andries Draeyer Simeon De Witt[23] |
Manhattan Island
| Settlement | Origin Date | End Date | Location and Description | Pioneers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Noten Eylant | 1624 | 1674 | at the mouth of the North River below Manhattan, now Governors Island. Jan Rodrigues from Santo Domingo was the first non-native resident; In 1613 he was left behind on Paggank (Island of Nuts) for the summer, while employed as interpreter by Dutch captain Thijs Volckenz Mossel. Dutch explorer Adriaen Block called it Noten Eylant, and picked up Rodrigues in December 1613. On 25 Jan 1624 the first family settler ship De Eendracht left Amsterdam and stopped and probably deposited some settlers here. In May 1624, the second Dutch settler ship Nieuw Nederland arrived, under the command of Cornelius Jacobsen May, who disembarked on the island with some of the 30 Walloon families (Flemish-French Protestants from what is today Belgium). The families were spread out over the entire territory claimed by the company. After entering Long Island Sound, on what was the far eastern reach of New Netherland at that time, a few families had been left there at the mouth of the Connecticut River. 18 men of the remaining party were taken up the Hudson to construct Fort Orange.[24] In 1633, director Wouter van Twiller arrived with a 104-men regiment, its first military use. On June 16, 1637 he secured his farm here by a deed. Governors Island image | Jan Rodrigues[25]
Thijs Volckenz Mossel Cornelius Jacobsen May[26] Wouter van Twiller[27] |
| New Amsterdam | 1624 | 1674 | now Lower Manhattan New Amsterdam map image 1660 New Amsterdam map image | |
| Fort Amsterdam | 1625 | 1674 | at the tip of the isle of Manhattan. at the site of Alexander Hamilton U.S. Custom House); De Wal (1653), a wooden palisade or rampart, became Wall Street 1660 New Amsterdam map image | |
East Jersey
| Settlement | Origin Date | End Date | Location and Description | Pioneers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| --- | --- | --- | --- | |
See: New_Jersey_History_Timeline, 1660-1790
See: Patentees_of_Monmouth April 8 1665
See: New_Jersey_First_Settlers 1665-1668
Delaware River Valley
| Settlement | Origin Date | End Date | Location and Description | Pioneers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fort Nassau | 1621 | 1651 | founded by New Netherland, a factorij at the mouth of Big Timber Creek on the Zuyd River (Delaware); traditionally described as at what is now Gloucester City, New Jersey, modern analysis places it on the peninsula in the cove, now Brooklawn or possibly on the south side of the creek's cove, at today's Westville. It was only seasonally occupied. In 1635, English colonists from Virginia Colony occupied the fort. New Netherland governor Wouter van Twiller sent a force to re-take it, after which it was continuously manned by the Dutch, even New Sweden formed in 1638. In 1651, Petrus Stuyvesant had the structure partially dismantled and relocated to the other side of the river, as Fort Casimir. Fort Nassau map image | |
| Fort Wilhelmus | 1625 | 1625 | New Netherland, a factorij on what had been named Hooghe Eyland (High Island, also called Verhulsten Island), in the Zuyd Rivier, and now Burlington Island, near the present site of Trenton, New Jersey. In 1624, the Walloon families who attempted to colonize had originally arrived at Noten Eylant (Governors Island) in the Upper New York Bay. They were among the second family settler ship voyage, Nieu Nederlandt, consisting of thirty Flemish Walloon families. The families were spread out over the entire territory claimed by the company. After a few families had been left at the mouth of the Connecticut River, others went on to be dropped off at Noten Eylant, while 18 men of the remaining families were taken up the Hudson to construct Fort Orange.[28] Some of this party from Noten Eylant had then been sent south to Delaware, but were later recalled by Willem Verhulst, the second director of the Dutch West India Company. The site was recommended to Verhulst in 1625, but later in 1625, Verhulst oversaw the decision to move them back north to New Amsterdam where the Dutch West India Company had decided to concentrate their settlement efforts, and the fort was soon disbanded. | Willem Verhulst[29] |
| Fort Christina | 1638 | 1655 | New Sweden, first of Swedish settlements on the Zuyd Rivier, at the Brandywine Creek and Christina River, on September 15, 1655 it fell to the Dutch and all New Sweden came under the control of the Dutch; became Dutch Fort Altena in 1655, now Wilmington, DE Fort Christina map image | Peter Minuit |
| Fort Mecoponacka | 1641 | 1655 | New Sweden, in Chester, near Finlandia or Upland in Delaware County, Pennsylvania | |
| Fort Nya Elfsborg | 1643 | 1655 | New Sweden, between present-day Salem Creek and Alloway Creek near Bridgeport, New Jersey Fort Nya Elfsborg map image | |
| Fort Nya Gothenborg | 1643 | 1655 | New Sweden, on Tinicum Island near the site of The Printzhof in Essington, Delaware County, Pennsylvania. Fort Nya Gothenborg map image | |
| Fort Nya Vasa | 1646 | 1655 | New Sweden, at Kingsessing, on the eastern-side of Cobbs Creek in Philadelphia. Fort Nya Vasa map image | |
| Fort Nya Korsholm | 1647 | 1655 | New Sweden, on the Schuylkill River near the South River in Philadelphia. Fort Nya Korsholm map image | |
| Fort Beversreede | 1648 | 1655 | New Sweden, on the Schuylkill River at Southwest Philadelphia, near the South River | |
| Fort Casimir | 1651 | 1654 | New Netherland fort in the midst of New Sweden, now at New Castle, was built from dismantled Dutch Fort Nassau. In 1654 the Dutch surrendered the fort to the Swedes,, and it was then briefly known as Fort Trefaldigheets. On September 11, 1655 the Dutch retook the fort and renamed it New Amstel Fort Casimir map image | |
| Fort Altena | 1655 | --- | New Netherland, replaced the first of Swedish settlements on the Zuyd Rivier, after it was conquered as Fort Christina of New Sweden in 1655, now Wilmington | |
| Nieuw Amstel | 1655 | --- | New Netherland, now at New Castle, was built 1651 as Fort Casimir from dismantled Fort Nassau, then briefly taken by the Swedes and known as Fort Trefaldigheets (1654–1655). On September 11, 1655 the Dutch retook the fort and renamed it New Amstel; John Paul Jacquet became the Dutch governor, with New Amstel the capital of the Dutch-controlled colony. | John Paul Jacquet |
Notes
- ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forts_of_New_Netherland
- ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Netherland_Company
- ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_West_India_Company
- ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Sweden
- ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Netherland_settlements
- ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Stuyvesant
- ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Pentagouet
- ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Holland_(Acadia)
- ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurriaen_Aernoutsz
- ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornelius_Van_Steenwyk
- ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Pietersen_van_Deusen
- ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Netherlander
- ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop,_the_Younger
- ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Fenwick_(MP)
- ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lion_Gardiner
- ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Davenport_(Puritan)
- ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theophilus_Eaton
- ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hendrick_Christiaensen
- ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Netherlander
- ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiliaen_van_Rensselaer_(Dutch_merchant)
- ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrian_Jorisszen_Tienpoint
- ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Dyckman
- ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simeon_De_Witt
- ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Netherlander
- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_(Jan)_Rodriguez
- ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornelius_Jacobsen_May
- ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wouter_van_Twiller
- ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Netherlander
- ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willem_Verhulst
![Manatvs gelegen op de Noot [sic] Riuier](/photo.php/thumb/4/48/New_Netherland_Images.jpg/300px-New_Netherland_Images.jpg)
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Source: ""The Indian deed to Thomas Chambers"", "Olde Ulster" 1, no. 2 (March 1905): 77-83.
Link: https://books.google.com/books?id=u009AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA77&lpg=PA77&dq=Thomas+Chambers+deed+1652&source=bl&ots=Ln4ONMbeeY&sig=ACfU3U2lKkmQd57sSlFp47l5XNnHeZCF9g&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUgIGvlp7zAhWnmeAKHYePCCgQ6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false
In any case, I have added to his profile, the source that you provided, after stripping the superfluous text out of the link.
edited by Jim Moore
My comment wasn't in regards to modifying the Chambers-61 profile page. Rather, It was in response to the request on this New Netherland Settlement page for pioneers from the various settlements. They have several tables on this page that list various pioneers organized by the settlement they inhabited. Sorry for any confusion.
As an aside, I recently uploaded a photograph of Thomas Chambers' signature onto his profile page. I had the chance to photograph it while visiting the Ulster County Archives. It's from a contract that my 8th GGF, Michiel De Modt [Mot-2] had with Chambers to work for a year for 20 beavers! Finding that contract and seeing it in person definitely fueled my excitement for genealogy...
Doug
edited by Douglas Furman
I will try to add these settlers to the table. However, given that the wikitable format is unwieldy to edit, and does not provide a very satisfying reader experience on a content-rich table like this, I suggest that interested members might want to work on free-space profiles to provide more detailed (and, ideally, well-sourced) content about specific settlements -- and that can be linked from this page.
Source: Charles B. Moore, The early history of Hempstead (Long Island) (New York: Trow’s Printing and Bookbinding Co., 1879), 8. https://archive.org/details/earlyhistoryofhe00moor/page/n3/mode/2up?view=theater
For two more Hemsteede pioneers see Carrie Quackenbush's comment (3 comments below).
There should be some evidence that any names added were the actual pioneers, or at least within the same year or so of the founding.
That being said, Mr. Denton is on my other list, of elderly settlers after 1640 https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:New_Netherland_Settlers_1609-1640
1) 1643: Two representatives, on behalf of the dissatisfied settlers at Stamford, New Haven Colony, negotiate a deed with the local Native Americans to purchase Hempstead:[1] [2] a. Robert Fordham [Fordham-31] b. John Carman [Carman-163]
2) 1644: Between 30 – 40 families (of which, about 23 were from Stamford) settled at Hempstead. These 16 names below, are mentioned in the sources:[3] [4] a. Rev. Richard Denton [Denton-127] b. Capt. John Underhill c. Andrew Ward d. Jonas Wood [Wood-2784] e. Thurston Raynor f. Matthew Mitchell g. William Raynor h. Robert Coe i. Richard Gildersleeve j. Rev. Robert Fordham [Fordham-31] k. Edward Raynor l. Robert Jackson m. John Ogden [Ogden-588] n. John Karman [Carman-163] o. Simon Searing p. John Ellison
3) 1644 Nov. 16 (new style): Six patentees are named in the Kieft Patent for Hempstead:[5] [6] a. Robert Fordham [Fordham-31] b. John Stricklen [Strickland-125] c. John Ogden [Ogden-588] d. John Karman [Carman-163] e. John Lawrence [Lawrence-703] f. Jonas Wood [Wood-2784]
Regarding Rev. Richard Denton, several secondary sources specifically mention that in 1644 he and many of his followers removed from Stamford, New Haven Colony to Hempstead, Long Island. I had originally included the 1647 source since it was a primary source. Unfortunately, the first book of town records for Hempstead, has been lost for over 140 years. Here are some quotes and their sources:
“It has been seen that the Rev. Richard Denton was a prominent and leading man among the first English settlers of Hempstead in 1644, …”[7]
“Denton, Rev. Richard, … In 1644 he took quite a large company of the Stamford settlers and went to Hempstead, on Long Island.”[8]
“Denton, Rev. Richard. … The restless and disaffected portion of the new colony [Stamford], not liking the overshadowing influence of New Haven jurisdiction, found as before, a leader in their minister [Rev. Richard Denton], and in 1644, we find him removing with them to attempt a new settlement at ‘Manetos, New Netherlands,’ now Hempstead on long Island.”[9]
“The first actual settlement of the town [Hempstead] by European, was made on the tract of land above mentioned in 1644, by between thirty and forty families from Stamford, Conn., among whom were those of Rev. Richard Denton, …”[10]
“The Presbyterians, who had amongst their number two ministers of their persuasion, Richard Denton and Robert Fordham, sent a committee [Robert Fordham and John Carman] to Long Island in 1643 to purchase lands from the Indians. Early the following year [1644], the English were settled ‘in the great plain, which is called Hempstead, where Mr. Fordham, an English minister, had the rule.’ The reference to Mr. Fordham very likely is due to his civil position in the new settlement, as the ministerial office was not then exercised by him, but by Richard Denton, …”[11] Note: This quote, though not stating explicitly that Rev. Denton left for Hempstead in 1644, indirectly conveys that he was at Hempstead in 1644, ministering to the Hempstead settlers. This supports all the previous quotes.
I’ll close with these thoughts. I can see a case both for, and against, including Rev. Richard Denton in the list of pioneers for Hempstead. Though, the sources do mention him as the leader of the settlers from Stamford, so I’d lean toward inclusion. A case can also be made for five of the patentees on the Kieft Patent (John Carmen is already listed, on this WikiTree page, as a pioneer). I’ll happily leave the final judgement on this to Steve, as he created this page. Thanks for all your work on this, it’s an interesting page.
Sources:
1 Records of the towns of North and South Hempstead, Long Island, N. Y., (Jamaica, NY: Long Island Farmer Print, 1896), 1: 7.
2 Frederick J Zwierlein, Religion in New Netherland: A history of the development of the religious conditions in the province of New Netherland 1623-1664 (Rochester, NY: John P. Smith Printing Co., 1910), 154-155.
3 Benjamin F. Thompson, The history of Long Island: From its discovery and settlement, to the present time, 2nd ed. [vol. 2] (New York: Gould, Banks & Co., 1843), 2: 3-4.
Note 1: This source applies to the name (a) through (n)
Note 2: The wording in the source is confusing, but after analyzing it closely I’m confident the listed names are those that removed to Hempstead.
4 Records of the towns of North and South Hempstead, 1: 7.
Note: This source mentioned the additional names (o) and (p)
5 Thompson, The history of Long Island, 2nd ed. [vol. 2], 4-6.
Note: Names of the English patentees are on p. 5.
6 Frederick van Wyck, ed., Long Island colonial patents (Boston: A. A. Beauchamp, 1935), 145-150.
Note: Names of the English patentees are on p. 145.
7 Thompson, The history of Long Island, 2nd ed. [vol. 2], 19.
8 E. B. Huntington, History of Stamford, Connecticut, from its settlement in 1641, to the present time (Stamford, CT: E. B. Huntington, 1868), 30-31.
9 Huntington, History of Stamford, 272, 274.
10 Records of the towns of North and South Hempstead, 1: 5.
11 Zwierlein, Religion in New Netherland, 154-155.
edited by Douglas Furman
I am a big fan of summary pages which branch off to more detailed pages by links.
Once you create it, please add the page to the Hempstead category.
Here's the web link:
https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Space:Early_Settlers_and_History_of_Hempstead_(Heemstede)%2C_Long_Island.&public=1
Well, The Early History of Hempstead says that John Ogden-588 was a patentee as well, though he is not mentioned in the Wikipedia page.