New Spain

Profile managers: Mary Richardson [send private message] and Brad Foley [send private message]

• Texas Project

EVOLUTION of parts of the New Spain region that became part of USA.

New Spain (Nueva Espana region ) evolved from colonization to colonies, territories before each became states.. After 1776 colonies out west in TEXAS, NEW MEXICO, ARIZONA, NEVADA, UTAH, COLORADO were just beginning and were considered New Spain or Territories of Mexico until EACH became STATES

Leaders are: Mary Richardson is leader of New Spain (Nueva España) along with Allan H Thomas (Allan Thomas, deceased). For questions, please consult with Mary Richardson or Project leader:Paula Johnson

SPANISH LOUISIANA Space page , Jerry Mead.

French Southern Colonies, LouisianaLa Louisiane

La Louisiane was named for King Louis XIV of France, then became a colony of the Kingdom of France in 1682 and passed to the Spain in 1763. Rebellion of 1768 was an unsuccessful attempt by Creole and German settlers around New Orleans to stop the handover of the French Louisiana Territory, as had been stipulated in the Treaty of Fontainebleau, to the Spain in 1768.

It became part of the United States following the Louisiana Purchase of 1803. See French Louisiana. Louisiana

Colonies of Spanish Neuva España New Spain include this Page. Texas, Florida, New Mexico, Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah, Colorado.

New Spain Colonies that became States following Mexican-American War

• http://www.mapofus.org/united-states/

CLICK HERE TO SEE INTERACTIVE MAP of ALL STATES in UNITED STATES

The present day States of the United States of America (listed below) were derived from parts of the Nueva España ( New Spain) prior to 1821 from México colonies and later Territories before they became States within the United States.

• Project United States History Project

Texas Resource Page Texas

Resource Page New Mexico

Resource Page California

Resources Page Arizona

Resources Page Nevada

UtahResources Page Utah

Colorado Resources Page Colorado

Resource Page West la Florida

Resource Page East la Florida

The Provinces of New Spain (Nueva Espana) (1521-1821) prior to the Mexican War of Independence 1821:

• Resource Page Provence of Nuevo Santander
• Resource Page Province of Coahuila
• Resource Page Nueva León
• Resources Page Provence of Nueva Vizcaya
• Resources Page Durango
• Resources Page Sonora
• Resource Page Baja California

1533: Smallpox epidemic

1535: New Spain was established as a Vice Royalty, Virreinato de Nueva España (referred to as Nueva España)]] - oversaw the northern half of the global Spanish empire in North America and the Philippine Islands.

1540–1542 Viceroy Mendoza commissioned expeditions of Francisco Vásquez de Coronado into the present day United States Southwest

1595: Spanish pueblo of San Juan on the Rio Grande near Native American Pueblo, located in the present day U.S. state of New Mexico

1610 Pedro de Peralta , governor of Province of New Mexico, established settlement of Santa Fe near Sangre de Cristo Mountains (meaning 'Blood of Christ') on the Rio Grande River.

1614:Diphtheria epidemic

1680: El Paso is established in the future Texas, For a while it was part of New Mexico.

1618:Measles epidemic

1767 King Carlos III ordered all Jesuits expelled from all Spanish possessions, including New Spain.

1811 Spain abolishes slavery in most of its territories (exception: Caribbean Islands, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Santo Domingo). Abolition of Slavery Timeline on Wikipedia

1813: Mexico abolishes slavery in the documents Sentimientos de la Nación, by insurgent leader José María Morelos y Pavón.Abolition of Slavery Timeline on Wikipedia

1820: Mexico formally abolishes slavery with the Plan of Iguala, proposed by Agustín de Iturbide and ratified the following year by him and Viceroy Juan O'Donojú..Abolition of Slavery Timeline on Wikipedia

1821: Mexico wins independence from Spain and becomes Imperio México, also known as the First Mexican Empire. Agustín de Iturbide is the Emporer

1823: First Mexican Empire falls and Agustín de Iturbide is exiled. He flees to the United Kingdom.

• Oct 1835 - Santa Anna revoked Constitution of 1824 and abolished all state governments.

1848: Mexican-American War: resulted in Mexico losing most of its territory/colonies in the United States as we know it to be today.

1568-1587 Spain established missions in what is now the Southern United States between 1568 and 1587, Such as Georgia, [South Carolina, Florida . It began to call this area New Spain or Nueva Espana The Portuguese explorer, Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, navigated the California coast on behalf of Spain. Silver was discovered 1547 in Zacatecas. Hoping to find the same amounts of riches in present-day New Mexico, they sent a party to establish a mission, establishing the pueblo of San Juan 1595 on the Rio Grande River, located in the present day U.S. state of New Mexico. NOTE: the Native American Pueblo Indians did not appreciate the Spanish interference. In 1610, Pedro de Peralta, a governor of the Province of New Mexico, established the Santa Fe settlement near the southern Sangre de Cristo Mountains.

Map showing border between Mexico and northern US territories: (TX, NM, AZ, CA, NV, UT, CO effective 1850)

Evolution of Government Structure

• 1512 - The Laws of Burgos, signed by King Ferdinand II of Aragon, focusing upon the welfare of conquered native peoples in effect before New Spain was colonized.
• 1542 - Leyes Nuevas issued November 20, 1542 by King Charles I of Spain regarding colonization of the Americas, known as the "New Laws of the Indies for Good Treatment and Preservation of the Indians", and were created to prevent the exploitation of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas by Encomenderos (large enterprise landowners) and limited their power and dominion.
• February 13,1548 - Royal Audiencia of Guadalajara was highest tribunal of the Spanish crown in the Vice royalty of New Spain. It was created by royal decree and was originally located in Compostela and permanently seated in Guadalajara in 1560. Its president: chief executive officer, subordinated only to the viceroy of Mexico
• 1573 - The Laws of Indies - to guide and regularize establishing of presidios (military towns), missions, and pueblos . King Phillip II developed the first version of Laws of the Indies.
• 1776 - Provincias Internas or Commandancy General of Internal Provinces of the North was an administrative district of Spanish Crown, created to provide more autonomy for frontier provinces in the Viceroyalty of New Spain. The goal of its creation was to establish a unified government in political, military and fiscal affairs.
• 1821-1823 - The Mexican Empire (Imperio México) -official name of independent Mexico under a monarchical regime, Agustín de Iturbide, was proclaimed emperor of Mexico.
• 1824 - Federal Constitution of the United Mexican States of 1824 (Spanish: Constitución Federal de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos de 1824) - enacted on October 4 of 1824, after overthrow of Mexican Empire of Agustin de Iturbide. Republic took the name of United Mexican States, and was defined as a representative federal republic. Catholicism- official and unique religion

In 1829, slavery was officially outlawed in Mexico. Stephen Fuller Austin feared that the edict would cause widespread discontent and tried to suppress publication of it. Rumors of the new law quickly spread throughout the area and the colonists seemed on the brink of revolt. The governor of Coahuila y Tejas, Jose Maria Viesca, wrote to the president to explain the importance of slavery to the Texas economy, and the importance of the Texas economy to the development of the state. Texas was temporarily exempted from the rule. On April 6, 1830, Mexican president Anastasio Bustamante ordered Texas to comply with the emancipation proclamation or face military intervention. To circumvent the law, many Anglo colonists converted their slaves into indentured servants for life. Others simply called their slaves, indentured servants without legally changing their status.

Map showing the border between Mexico and northern US states/territories (NM, AZ, CA, NV, UT, CO)

Slaveholders wishing to enter New Spain Mexico would force their slaves to sign contracts claiming that the slaves owed money and would work to pay the debt. The low wages the slave would receive made repayment impossible, and the debt would be inherited, even though no slave would receive wages until age eighteen. This tactic was outlawed by an 1832 law which prohibited worker contracts from lasting more than ten years. A small number of slaves were imported illegally from the West Indies or Africa. In the 1830s, the British consul estimated approximately 500 slaves had been illegally imported into Texas. By 1836, there were approximately 5,000 slaves in Texas. - Excerpt: Wikipedia: Mexican Texas#Rising tensions

Economic Resources and Information

• Wild horses
• Grass Land
• Water
• Mild climate
• Oil
• Natural Gas
• Silver -

Conflicts Within the Viceroyalty of New Spain

Indigenous American Indian raids and revolts, Indigenous Peoples of Mexico raids and revolts, famines, droughts, floods, diseases, money, etc.

Research Sources for United States New Spain colonies

Descendants of Conquistadors and first Spanish Settlers of New Spain The Bexar Archives are the official Spanish documents that preserve the political, military, economic, and social life of the Spanish province of Texas and the Mexican state of Coahuila. Both in their volume and breadth of subject matter, the Bexar Archives are one of the most important sources for the history of Hispanic Texas up to 1836

UT Arlington Library's Special Collections has built a diverse research collection and collects materials in virtually all formats and makes them available to researchers.

• DESCENDANTS of Conquistadors and first Spanish Settlers of New Spain
• Indigenous Peoples of Mexico and Mesoamerica on Wikipedia
• The Indigenous People of Central Mexico By John P. Schmal on houstonculture.org website
• The Spanish Conquest of México (The Indigenous People of Central Mexico, 2, by John P. Schmal
• History of Mexico by John P. Schmal
• Tlaxaltec Indians
• Coahuila on history.com Website
• Tlaxcalteca

Free Resources

• Familysearch.org

Paid Resource Sites

• Ancestry.com
• Fold3
• Mexican Genealogy Research Online: A Guide to Help You Discover Your Ancestry

Mexico and Latin America

CLICK HERE TO SEE EVOLUTION OF MEXICO AND COLONIES

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Mexico_states_evolution.gif

• Resource Page Provence of Nuevo Santander
• Resource Page Province of Coahuila
• Resource Page Nueva León
• Resources Page Provence of Nueva Vizcaya
• Resources Page Durango
• Resources Page Sonora

• Maps of Texas
• Flags of Texas
• Historical Art of Texas

European Settlers

• Spaniards
• Jesuit missionaries
• Irish
• Germans
• French
• Portuguese
• 1767 King Charles III ordered all Jesuits expelled from all Spanish possessions, including New Spain.

Migrating From the Other Colonies

• Indigenous Native American Tribes such Delaware and Cherokee.
• Americans

Migrating Ancestor Template

How to add the Migrating Ancestor Template

Native Americans

Wiki Tree Spanish Wars Free Space Page

Slaves

In 1501 the Encomienda System began granting Native Americans to Spanish encomenderos as slaves.

The Spaniards are tasked with protecting the natives and teaching them Christianity. Colonization Timeline

Existing Categories

• Category: Mexico
• Category: España
• Mexican History
• Spanish History

Mexico Timeline

Mesoamerica brought under Spanish control led to unprecedented complexity and wealth, giving both opportunities and threats to the Crown of Castile. Conquistadores such as Hernán Cortés became autonomous. The Spanish Crown incorporated The Americas into the Spain by using the Viceroyalty institution and Audiencias. There were two Vice Royalties until the 18th century - Nueva España and Peru. Real Audiencia on Wikipedia In 1535, King Charles V named Don Antonio de Mendoza as the first Viceroy of New Spain with a capital in Mexico City.

Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire in 1532 opened South America to further conquests.

Cortés's The Night of Tears (La Noche Triste) of June 30, 1520: nearly 800 of Cortés's men were killed as his army of Spanish conquistadores and allies fought their way out of the capital at Tenochtitlan following the death of the Aztec King Moctezuma II.

1496: Santo Domingo, on the island of Hispaniola, established by Diego Columbus, brother of Christopher Columbus

1501-1542: Encomienda (en-koh-mee-en-duh) System: The encomienda system begins, granting Spanish soldiers or colonists tracts of land or a village (or villages) together with its Indigenous inhabitants. The Spaniards are tasked with protecting the natives and teaching them Christianity. The system is rife with abuses^[1]

The Encomienda System youtube video (10 minutes)

1510:Vasco Núñez de Balboa establishes Santa María la Antigua del Darién in Colombia

1511: Geronimo de Aguilar, Gonzalo Guerrero, and others were shipwrecked and captured by the local Indigenous people. Gonzalo assimilated into Mayan culture and married a Mayan Princess and they were the parents of at least three (sons?) children. These children were the first known "mestizos". ^[2]

1513: Vasco Nunez de Balboa makes his expedition to the Pacific from Santa María la Antigua del Darién. Also present day Florida is claimed for Spain.

1515: Havana is established, Cuba and the other Caribbean islands are under Spanish control.

1541 Campeche, Mexico (on the Yucatán Peninsula) founded as a small port

1542 Spain outlaws slavery of Indigenous Peoples in its lands (exceptions: people of African linneage)

1543 - Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo (Portuguese): (João Rodrigues Cabrilho) - first European explorer navigated and explored the West coast of North America on behalf of Spain.

1545-1548: Cocoliztli epidemic killed an estimated 5 to 15 million people, or up to 80% of the native population.

1546: Typhus epidemic

1547: Discovery of silver in Zacatecas

1558:Smallpox epidemic and Influenza\epidemic

1576-1578: Cocoliztli epidemic killed an estimated, additional 2 to 2.5 million people

Consiga su Arbol Genealogic Es el primer paso para su historia familiar o la de una persona que quiere, o la de un personaje que aprecia.

ARCHIVO GENERAL DEL ESTADO DE COAHUILA

Pre-Columbian

• Category: Acolhua (Nahua; ruled an area to the east of the valley)
• Category: Anasazi
• Category: Cora
• Category: Hohokam
• Huastec
• Category: Huichol
• Category: Maya
• Mogollan
• Category: Mexica (Nahua; they allied with the Acolhua and Tepanecs forming the Aztec empire)
• Category: Mixtec (inhabited the region known as La Mixteca of Oaxaca and Puebla, as well as the state of Guerrero's Región Montañas, and Región Costa Chica, which covers parts of the Mexican states of Oaxaca, Guerrero and Puebla).

• Category: Olmec
• Category: Oto-Manguean
• Category: Pipil-Nicarao (Nahua)
• Category: Pochutec (Nahua)
• Category: Purépecha
• Category: Tarasco
• Category: Tepanecs
• Category: Tlaxcaltecs (Nahua; enemies of the Aztec; defeated by Conquistadors and then allied with them)
• Category: Toltec (Nahua;(ca 900-1168 CE))
• Category: Totonacan (were one of the peoples that were politically subjugated by the Aztecs)
• Category: Xochimilca (ruled an area south of Lake Texcoco)
• Category: Zapotec

WikiTree Resources

• Pasajeros a Indias

Consiga su Arbol Genealogic Es el primer paso para su historia familiar o la de una persona que quiere, o la de un personaje que aprecia.

ARCHIVO GENERAL DEL ESTADO DE COAHUILA

Sources for Mexico

1. ↑ Encomienda System
2. ↑ Diaz del Castillo Describes How the Spaniards Found Geronimo de Aguilar

See also:

• Wikipedia: New_Spain
• Wikipedia: New Spain: Establishment of Spanish cities in the early sixteenth century
• Wikipedia:Querétaro
• Shmoop: Spanish Colonization Timeline
• Indigenous Peoples of Mexico and Mesoamerica on Wikipedia
• The Indigenous People of Central Mexico By John P. Schmal on houstonculture.org website
• The Spanish Conquest of México (The Indigenous People of Central Mexico, 2, by John P. Schmal
• History of Mexico by John P. Schmal
• Tlaxaltec Indians
• Coahuila on history.com Website
• Tlaxcalteca