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Location: Nuevo León, Mexico
Surnames/tags: New Spain Nueva España mexico
This page is part of Project: Indígenas Mexico, Project: Mexico, and
NOTE: Wild Wild West and Westward Ho Projects to develop applicable profiles covering the years 1800-1925
Mary Richardson, Allan Thomas are the leaders of this sub-project If you have any questions, or would like to see something specific addressed on this colony please consult with them.
Nuevo Reino de León or the New Kingdom of León of Nueva España (in part) would become a state of present-day México.
Preceded Nuevo Reino de León, Nueva España |
Nuevo León 1579 to the present |
Succeeded by Estado Libre y Soberano de Nuevo León (Free and Sovereign State of Nuevo León) |
Contents
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Origin/History of Estado Libre y Soberano de Nuevo León
Nuevo León Located in Northeastern Mexico. It is bordered by the states of Tamaulipas to the north and east, San Luis Potosi to the south, and Coahuila to the west. To the north, Nuevo Leon has a 9 mile stretch of the U.S.–Mexico border adjacent to the U.S. state of Texas
Nuevo León became permanent in 1596 under the leadership of Diego de Montemayor.
Nuevo León, México eventually became (along with the provinces of Coahuila, Nuevo Santander and Texas) one of the smaller entities known as the Eastern Internal Provinces.
Timeline 1529-1536 Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca, a Narvaez Expedition Survivor, spends 8 years lost and, at times, enslaved by Indigenous Native Americans. He documents these eight years in such detail that he has been credited as the first proto- Anthropologist. He crosses the Rio Grande into Mexico (present day Nuevo Leon). Some speculate that he may have explored New Mexico and Arizona and saw the Gulf of California. In 1541, he publishes his book, La Relacion.
1577 Several settlements were established by Conquistador Alberto del Canto. Alberto del Canto (c. 1547 – after 31 December 1607) was a Portuguese conquistador. Native to the Azoras Islands he may have been of Jewish Heritage. He founded several cities, such as Saltillo, of which he was the first mayor (1577).
1580 Luis Carvajal y de la Cueva, was the first governor of Nuevo León from 1580–1588. He brought more than sixty soldiers and civilians to settle the area.
1582 Nuevo Reyno de León (New Kingdom of León) was founded by Spanish and Portuguese settlers when Philip II was King of Spain. The foundation of this realm was a crucial event which potentially helped the subsequent Spanish settlements in Texas
20 Sep. 1596 Diego de Montemayor (c. 1530 – 1610)[1] was a Spanish conquistador, explorer, officer, and a governor of Nuevo León. Montemayor is credited with the establishment of Monterrey (previously known as Ojo de Santa Lucia founded by Carvajal but abandoned by settlers) the capital of Nuevo León.
1776 Nuevo Reino de León became part of the semi-autonomous Commandancy General of the Provincias Internas (still part of the Viceroyalty of the Kingdom of New Spain).
1786 Commandancy General of the Provincias Internas split into three commands, one of them being the Eastern Internal Provinces (Provincias Internas de Oriente) consisting of the New Kingdom of León and the provinces of Coahuila y Tejas, and Nuevo Santander; subsequently it remained part of the commandancy (and under the control of the Viceroyalty of New Spain).
29 Oct 1810 News of the Grito de Dolores arrive to Monterrey. The began on 16 Sep 1810. It lasted 10 years at the cost of a million lives.
27 Sep 1821 Mexico became an independent republic. All territory on the North American continent (north of the Isthmus of Panama) previously ruled by the Category: Spain is ceded to the Empire of Mexico (First Mexican Empire)
May 7, 1824 Nuevo León is designated and admitted as a Mexican state.
March 5, 1825 First constitution of the state of Nuevo León approved.
January 17, 1840 Republic of the Rio Grande: Nuevo León declares itself independent of México along with the states of Coahuila and Tamaulipas.
November 6, 1840 The Mexican army defeats the separatists.
September 20, 1846 Mexican-American War: The United States Army begins the siege of Monterrey.
February 1848 Mexican-American War ends: The United States Army leaves the territory. Border disputes of Texas are settled (at least on paper) by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
Dec. 30, 1853: The United States of America purchases the Mexican-held territories in the Western United States (present day states of New Mexico and Arizona with the Gadsden Purchase (also known as the Treaty of Mesilla)[1]
February 19, 1856: Nuevo León annexes Coahuila and once again announces secession from Mexico (Republic of the Sierra Madre)
April 3, 1864: Monterrey is declared capital of Nuevo León. Separatists defeated.
June 1991: A modern border-crossing point was built and completed linking Nuevo León and Texas. This Port of Entry is known as Colombia (also called "Solidaridad") see Texas Ports of Entry, Webb County, Texas Free Space.
Government
Evolution of Government Structure for the Kingdom of New Spain
1512 The Laws of Burgos, signed by King Ferdinand II of Aragon, focused upon the welfare of the conquered native peoples
1542 Leyes Nuevas, issued November 20, 1542 by King Charles I of Spain regarding the Spanish colonization of the Americas, are also known as the "New Laws of the Indies for the Good Treatment and Preservation of the Native Americans", and were created to prevent the exploitation of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas by the Encomenderos (large enterprise landowners) by strictly limiting their power and dominion.
1548 Royal Audiencia of Guadalajarawas the highest tribunal of the Spanish crown in what is today northern Mexico and the southwestern United States in the Viceroyalty of New Spain. It was created by royal decree on February 13, 1548, and was originally located in Compostela and permanently seated in Guadalajara in 1560. Its president was the chief political and executive officer of the district, subordinated only to the viceroy of Mexico
1573 The Laws of the Indies were an attempt to guide and regularize the establishment of presidios (military towns), missions, and pueblos (civilian towns), King Phillip II developed the first version of the Laws of the Indies.
1776 Provincias Internas or Commandancy General of the Internal Provinces was a colonial, administrative district of the Spanish Empire, created to provide more autonomy for the frontier provinces in the Viceroyalty of New Spain, (present day northern Mexico and southwestern United States). The goal of its creation was to establish a unified government in political, military and fiscal affairs.
1821-1823 The Mexican Empire (Imperio Mexicano) was the official name of independent Mexico under a monarchical regime, Agustín de Iturbide, was proclaimed emperor of Mexico.
4 Oct 1824 Constitution of Mexico The Federal Constitution of the United Mexican States of 1824 (Spanish: Constitución Federal de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos de 1824) was enacted, after the overthrow of the Mexican Empire of Agustin de Iturbide. In the new constitution, the republic took the name of United Mexican States, and was defined as a representative federal republic, with Catholicism as the official religion
Oct 1835 President Santa Anna revoked the Constitution of 1824 and abolished all state governments.
Governors
- Luis Carvajal y de la Cueva, 1580-1588
- Diego de Montemayor, 1588-1610
- Diego de Montemayor (el mozo), 1610-1611
- Diego Rodríguez (governor), 1612-1614
- Agustín de Zavala, 1614-1625
- Martín de Zavala, 1625-1664
- León de Alza, 1665-1667
- Nicolás de Azcárraga, 1667-1676
- Domingo de Prudena, 1676-1681
- Blas de la Garza y Falcón, 1681
- Domingo de Videgaray y Zarza, 1681
- Francisco de la Calancha y Valenzuela, 1681
- Blas de la Garza Falcón, 1681
- Juan de Echeverría, 1681-1682
- Diego de Villarreal, 1682-1683
- Alonso de León, 1683-1684
- Antonio de Echevérez y Subiza, 1684-1687
- Francisco Cuervo de Valdés, 1687-1688
- Pedro Fernández de la Ventosa, 1688-1693
- Juan Pérez de Merino, 1693-1698
- Juan Francisco de Vergara y Mendoza 1698-1703
- Francisco Báez Treviño, 1703-1705
- Gregorio de Salinas Varona, 1705-1707
- Cipriano García de Pruneda, 1707-1708
- Luis García de Pruneda 1708-1710
- Francisco Mier y Torre, 1710-1714
- Francisco Báez Treviño 1714-1718
- Juan Ignacio Flores Mogollón 1718
- Francisco de Barbadillo y Vitoria, 1719-1723
- Juan José de Arriaga y Brambila, 1723-1725
- Pedro de Sarabia Cortés, 1725-1729
- Bernardino de Meneses Monroy y Mendoza, 1730-1731
- Juan Antonio Fernández de Jáuregui y Urrutia, 1731-1740
- Pedro del Barrio Junco y Espriella, 1740-1746
- Vicente Bueno de Borbolla, 1746-1751
- Pedro del Barrio Junco y Espriella, 1752-1757
- Juan Manuel Muñoz de Villavicencio, 1757-1762
- Carlos de Velasco, 1762-1764
- Ignacio Ussel y Guimbarda, 1764-1772
- Francisco de Echegaray, 1772-1773
- Melchor Vidal de Lorca y Villena, 1773
- Vicente González de Santianes, 1773-1788
- Manuel Bahamonde y Villamil, 1788-1795
- Simón de Herrera y Leyva, 1795-1810
Settlers of Nuevo Reino de León
- Luis Carvajal y de la Cueva, at the head of a group of Portuguese and Spanish settlers who were of Jewish descent, requested permission from the Spanish King to attempt to settle the area. The colony failed.
- Jose Escandon
- Alonso de Estrada
- Diego Montemayor
- Marcos Alonso de la Garza I
- Fray Servando Teresa de Mier
- Bernabé de las Casas
- Juan de Oñate
Conflicts Within Nuevo Reino de León
the Spanish Inquisition, indigenous American Indians, floods, droughts, famines, disease, location from Mexico City.
Ships
- Santa Catarina was one of the ships that the original settlers used.
Indigenous Peoples of México
See: Project: Indígenas Mexico
This area was home to nomadic peoples.
1521-1810, this area (Northern Mexico; present day states of southern California, Arizona, New Mexico, and southern Texas) was sparsely populated even by indigenous peoples[3]
- Nahua Peoples
- Alazapas,
- Category: Cuanales|Cuanales,
- Category: Gualeguas|Gualegas,
- Huauchichiles,
- Coahuiltecans,
- Category: Tobosos|Tobosos,
- Category: Irritilas|Irritilas,
- Rayados,
- Apaches
- Comanche,
- Kickapoo, etc [4][5]
Template for Indíjenas Mexico Projects
{{Indígenas Mexico|tribe=}}
Slaves
Like the rest of world, Spain was in the slave business. Spain abolished slavery in 1811 with the exception of Cuba, Santo Domingo, and Puerto Rico.
By 1542, slavery of Indigenous Peoples (except Moors and Africans) was outlawed. Some slave owners emancipated their slaves in their Wills.
Indentured Servants
Economic Resources
Presently
Nuevo León is the 3rd largest industrial state in Mexico.
Research Resources
General archive of the Archdiocese of Monterrey
The Bexar Archives are a collection of official Spanish documents that preserve the political, military, economic, and social life of the Spanish province of Texas and the Mexican state of Coahuila y Texas. Both in their volume and breadth of subject matter, the Bexar Archives are one of the most important sources for the history of Hispanic Texas up to 1836
UT Arlington Library's Special Collections has built a diverse research collection and collects materials in virtually all formats and makes them available to researchers.
Library of the Museum of Mexican history; Monterrey
Existing Categories
- Category: Mexican Roots
- Category: Latin American Roots
- Category: Mexican Flag Images
- Category: Conquistadors
- Category: Spanish Explorers
- Category:Mexico, Emigrants
- Category: Mexico
- Category: Mexican Military History
- Category: New Spain Founders and Settlers
- Category: Mexican Revolution
- Category: Mexican War of Independence
- Category: Indigenous Peoples of Mexico
- Category: Health
- Category: Diseases
- Category: Disasters
- Category: Notables
Related Free Space Pages
- Nueva Espana Some of the Provinces of Nueva Espana and Mexico
- Spain Free Space
- Resource Page Provincia of Nueva Santander
- Resource Page Provincia of Coahuila
- Resource Page Provincia of Nueva León
- Resources Page Provincia of Nueva Vizcaya
- Resources Page Provincia of Durango
- Resources Page Provincia of Sonora
- Resource Page Baja California
- Spanish flag images
Surname/Family Pages
- Garza Name Study
- Guerra Name Study
- Salazar Name Study
- Sanchez Name Study
- Soto Name Study
- Trevino Name Study
- Space: Montemayor Name Study
- Category: Quintanilla Name Study
- Category: Cisneros Name Study
- Space: Tremiño Name Study
- Note: All research contained on individual surname pages should be verified as there are mistakes and/or information has not been updated since first published.
- Somos Primos.com
- Raul Longoria.net
- Colonial Spanish Families of Louisiana
- John D. Inclan Family Trees of Northern Mexico
- [http:// villadan.com villadan.com website]
- Spanish Patriots of the American Revolution (yes, there were some]
- geni.com
- Sample Lineages: Marcos Alonzo de la Garza on vsalgs.org
Cemeteries
On individual Cemetery pages, resources should be listed along with a description.
Free Resources
- Rootsweb
- Familysearch.org
- Somos Primos.com
- John D. Inclan Family Trees of Northern Mexico
- Raul Longoria.net
- Colonial Spanish Families of Louisiana
- Families of General Teran, Nuevo Leon, Mexico, Volume Seven, 2nd Edition By Crispin.Rendon@gmail.com (pdf, pages 420)
- SHHAR.net
- John P. Schmal
- Texas Free Space Page has a listing of resources and so does each Texas County (in progress) see Category: Texas
- Spanish Patriots of the American Revolution (yes, there were some]
- Tejano Land Grant Heirs on facebook.com
- The South Texas Heirs of Los Porciones on facebook.com
- The Republic of Spanish and Mexican Land Grants
- Genealogy of Mexico by Gary Felix on tripod.com
- Southern California Genealogical Society
- sologenealogia.com (sp and en) Passenger Lists for the early 16th century
- sologenealogia.com Surname search
Paid Resource Sites
Ancestry.com
Mexican Genealogy Research Online: A Guide to Help You Discover Your Ancestry
Find Your Mexican Ancestors in the Worlds Newspapers Using Eliphind
Photos and Images
Sources for this Page
- ↑ https://history.state.gov/milestones/1830-1860/gadsden-purchase Gadsden Purchase on history.state.gov website]
- ↑ History of Nuevo Leon Mexico on Wikipedia
- ↑ New Spain (see Spanish Borderlands)
- ↑ Coahuila on history.com
- ↑ Tlaxcalteca Indians
- Cavazos, Israel (2003), Breve historia de Nuevo León, Fondo de Cultura Económica, ISBN 968-16-4541-3
- De León, Alonso (2005), Historia de Nuevo León con noticias sobre Coahuila, Tamaulipas, Texas y Nuevo México, Fondo de Cultura Económica, ISBN 970-9715-09-7
- Vizcaya, Isidro (2005), En los albores de la independencia: las Provincias Internas de Oriente durante la insurrección de don Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, 1810-1811, Fondo de Cultura Económica, ISBN 970-9715-04-6
- Cavazos, Israel (2003), Breve historia de Nuevo León, Fondo de Cultura Económica, ISBN 968-16-4541-3
- De León, Alonso (2005), Historia de Nuevo León con noticias sobre Coahuila, Tamaulipas, Texas y Nuevo México, Fondo de Cultura Económica, ISBN 970-9715-09-7
- Vizcaya, Isidro (2005), En los albores de la independencia: las Provincias Internas de Oriente durante la insurrección de don Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, 1810-1811, Fondo de Cultura Económica, ISBN 970-9715-04-6
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December 8, 2014