Old Bakery, Audlem, Cheshire One Place Study

Date: [unknown] [unknown]
Location: Audlem, Cheshire, England, United Kingdom
Surnames/tags: One_Place_Studies Cheshire England

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Audlem Cheshire One Place Studies

Old Bakery, Audlem, Cheshire OPS | St James Church, Audlem, Cheshire OPS

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Contents 1 Old Bakery, Audlem, Cheshire One Place Study 1.1 Name 1.2 Geography 1.3 History 1.3.1 Owners of Audlem Post Office/ The Victoria Bakery From 1839 1.4 Population 1.4.1 Audlem District History Yeoman Inventories 1.4.2 Audlem Post Office History 1.4.3 Notables 2 Sources

Old Bakery, Audlem, Cheshire One Place Study

• David Blair Moss (current owner of freehold)

Name

The current name of the house is the 'Old Bakery School Lane' but at times in the past it has also been a Post Office, a farm house, a shop, etc. It has also been known as the Victoria Bakery c. 1900. The current property includes agricultural buildings (reportedly a pigsty) that have been converted into rooms and a stables/ dovecote that is now a garage.

Geography

Continent: Europe

Country: United Kingdom

State/Province: England

County: Cheshire

GPS Coordinates: 52.9887261, -2.5088014

Elevation:

A detailed current map and a detailed 1842 Tithe Map shows the following information on the Plot 43 (Old Bakery, etc) Stafford St Audlem ^[1] -

Township Audlem

Parish Audlem

Plot No. 43

Owner(s) George Haughton

Occupier(s) William Davies

Plot Name House Barn Fold Garden Etc

Land Use Building and Garden

Area Acres 0, Roods 2, Perches 8

History

Stafford St with Old Bakery to left c.1920

The village of Audlem has a very long history. It was recorded in the Domesday book. The area has a long agricultural tradition (particularly dairy) and the village has a centuries old butter market building near the centre. Audlem (in Cheshire) is also very close to Shropshire and Staffordshire. Hence the main streets are named Cheshire, Shropshire and Stafford Street.

The Old Bakery is just across Stafford Street from St James Church. The St James Church was built mainly in the 13th century on a hillock that is the highest point of the village. It is likely that this was the site of an earlier church or religious building. The church suffered minor damage in an earthquake in 1777.

The architecture and records suggest the core of the current 'Old Bakery' was built in the mid 1600's. This was at around the same time as the nearby Audlem Grammar School was built (completed c. 1655) ^[2]. There are also records of agricultural buildings such as The Barns being built in School Lane in 1650 ^[3], ^[4].

The proximity of the Old Bakery to the church has led to unsubstantiated speculation regarding possible priest holes and secret passages in the foundations. There are plausible explanations that the timbers used in the construction of the Old Bakery were from old ships. There are cross marks in the timbers that are believed to have originated to deter 'evil' spirits. Some exemplary local examples of contemporary timbered architecture are -

Moss Hall Audlem

Churche's Mansion Nantwich

Little Moreton Hall.

Audlem was affected by the English Civil War c.1639-53 when there was the major local Battle of Nantwich 1644 with skirmishes in and around Audlem.

Audlem is also famous for the Shropshire Union Canal lock system etc., designed by Thomas Telford, etc.

Owners of Audlem Post Office/ The Victoria Bakery From 1839

Old Bakery shop c.1920

The 'Old Bakery' served as the Audlem Post Office in the nineteenth century. The post office was moved across School Lane at some point in the twentieth century and remained there until c.2020. By 2024, there was no longer a Post Office in Audlem.

In 1839, George Haughton of Leicester was the owner of the plot of land which included the Old Bakery (ref. Title Deeds) He owned the parcel of land between School Lane and Vicarage lane with the exclusion of the school and private residences on Stafford St. Up until 29 Sep 1842 George Houghton and Charlotte Elizabeth his wife were the owners. George Haughton (of Leicester) also owned -

Brick Kiln fields

Owens Croft

Copthorne Bank

Far Brick Field

Copthorne Meadow

Park & Garden of Windmill Field

Barn, house (Old Bakery) & garden

In 1841, a tenant was Thomas (or William) Davies (agricultural labourer) aged 30 (rounded) with his wife Hannah (or Mariah) aged 35 (rounded) and four children - Henry 9, Frances 8, William 5, Joseph 2^[5].

The relevant locations are shown on the 1842 Audlem Tithe Map ^[6].

Old Bakery map c.1842

Plot No. 43

Owner(s) George Haughton

Occupier(s) William Davies

Plot Name House Barn Fold Garden Etc

Land Use Building and Garden

Area Acres 0, Roods 2, Perches 8

Plot No. 34

Owner(s) George Harper

Occupier(s) William Davies, William Dooley, John Hall, Ambrose Lockett, Henry Sharps, John Wycherley

Plot Name 5 Houses, 4 Gardens, Shop and Post Office

Land Use Building and Garden

Area Acres 0, Roods 1, Perches 9

Plot No. 45

Owner(s) George Haughton

Occupier(s) William Davies

Plot Name Meadow

Land Use Meadow

Area Acres 0, Roods 3, Perches 5

Plot No. 647

Owner(s) George Haughton

Occupier(s) William Davies

Plot Name Windmill Field

Land Use Pasture

Area Acres 9, Roods 1, Perches 11

Plot No. 626

Owner(s) Thomas Davies

Occupier(s) William Davies

Plot Name Copthorn Field

Land Use Pasture

Area Acres 5, Roods 3, Perches 20

Plot No. 46

Owner(s) Feoffees Of Audlem Free School

Occupier(s) John McCarthy

Plot Name Schoolhouse, Offices And Garden

Land Use Building and Garden

Area Acres 0, Roods 1, Perches 19

Other tenants in 1841 were -

William Dooley^[7].

John Hall ^[8].

Ambrose Lockett ^[9].

Henry Sharpe ^[10].

John Wycherley ^[11].

Other local plots were owned by Mary Davies -

Plot No. 586

Owner(s) Mary Davies

Occupier(s) John Wilkinson

Plot Name Bank

Land Use Pasture

Area Acres 1, Roods 2, Perches 15

Plot No. 587

Owner(s) Mary Davies

Occupier(s) John Wilkinson

Plot Name House And Garden

Land Use Building and Garden

Area Acres 0, Roods 1, Perches 21

In 1842 the land and property was sold by George Haughton to William Hill the Elder (probably not the bookmaker).

From 29 Sep 1842 to 23 Apr 1881 William Hill the Elder was the owner and from 23 Apr 1881 to 9 Jul 1897 William Hill the younger inherited the property.

Old Bakery map c.1897

In 1897 the land and property was conveyed by William Hill to John Hall Greaves Esq. In the Conveyance of 9 Jul 1897 the dwelling house and shop is described as being Audlem Post Office.

From 9 Jul 1897 to 24 Aug 1897 John Hall Greaves was the owner.

John Hall Greaves died on 24 Aug 1897 ^[12]. His will was proved on 15 Nov 1897. In the will John Leigh (Solicitor) and Charles Meikle Nelson were named as its Trustees. Charles Meikle Nelson died on 12 Mar 1898 ^[13] and Christopher Crossley was appointed to be Trustee in his place. The Trustees were responsible for the property until 29 Sep 1900.

In 1901 an occupant was Harriet Blakeman (aged 40 post mistress) with her family -

Ada Blakeman sister aged 30 assistant post mistress

Ryland Blakeman brother aged 26 organist^[14].

From 29 Sep 1900 to 1 Feb 1925 John Wood was the owner. Previously (in 1881) John was a corn miller in Audlem. John's father Thomas was a retired farmer then ^[15].

In 1901, the Old Bakery had a large extension built to the north west which was a grocery, bakers and confectionery shop. It was then known as 'Victoria Bakery'. The extension is now a large residence on Stafford Street known as 'Victoria House'.

John Wood aged 46 (grocer and baker) was recorded in the 1901 Stafford St Audlem census with family -

Sarah E Wood Wife 37

Herbert H Wood Son 14^[16].

Their circumstances were similar in 1911, by which time Herbert Horace was a shop assistant grocer ^[17].

John Wood died on 1 Feb 1925 ^[18]. By the time of his death the whole property was known as Victoria House.

His son Herbert Horace Wood inherited the property and owned it from 3 Aug 1926 to 5 Jun 1937.

The last known bakers at the Old Bakery/ Victoria House were Horace Allan and John Woods who bought the premises in 1937.

Horace Allen owned the property from 5 Jun 1937 to 6 Apr 1968.

Part of the land was sold to HMPO in 1966, on which they built a rural automatic telephone exchange.

Old Bakery Telephone Exchange plan c.1966

From 8 Apr 1968 to 25 Jun 1970 Dennis Beard and Leslie Payton were joint owners and from 25 Jun 1970 to 10 Mar 1982 Dennis Beard was the sole owner.

From 10 Mar 1982 to 7 Jan 1994 David John Wood and Mary Wood were the owners. During this period David John Wood and Mary Wood sold the part of the then Victoria House which had been added in 1901 or thereabouts after having carried out building work to separate that part from the remainder. Thereafter only the part sold has been called the Old Bakery. David John Wood and Mary Wood continued to own The Old Bakery until 7 Jan 1994.

From 7 Jan 1994 to 15 Oct 1997 Michael John Prince and Anne Elizabeth Prince were the owners.

From 15 Oct 1997 to 2021 the late Michael John Moss and Elma Blair (Watson) Moss were the owners. They were keen local historians and did most of the research in this study.

Recently David Blair Moss inherited the Old Bakery.

Population

View of Audlem c.1920

In 2001 the population of Audlem was 1790. This had increased to 1991 by 2011 and to 2154 by 2021.

Nearby Buerton Buerton (just a mile away) had a population of 503 in 2011. The historical population figures were 405 (1801), 444 (1851), 408 (1901) and 405 (1951).

Hankelow (also just a mile away) has detailed population records (in 1881 40% of men were employed in agriculture, in 2011 only 5%). The population figures were 207 (1801), 253 (1851), 266 (1871), 210 (1901), 175 (1931) and 193 (1951).

Audlem District History Yeoman Inventories

Audlem Grammar School view from Old Bakery

There is an unusually detailed record of the Inventories of contemporary Audlem yeoman homes, probably compiled by C Bloor for Audlem District History Society (possibly Celia Bloor ^[19], ^[20]). Although this may be a slight digression from the main focus of the study, it provides a rare insight into the past lives of local people. It is notable that almost every smallholding included a buttery for cheese making, etc.

"The inventories of seven yeoman homes which gave particularly detailed descriptions of the possessions inside and out of the house were studied. The years covered are a narrow range from 1665 to 1724 and the people concerned and estate values are

Ralph Hansall of Audlem 1665 £62

Hugh Bolton 1 of Hankelow £69 (£281)

John Cramall of Bureton 1675 £39

Richard Clough of Audlem 1677 £31

Richard Pickstock of Buerton 1680

Robert Bickerton Hankelow 1680 £134

Richard Bickerton of Newall 1724 £65"

"The animals are listed first and are the most valuable possessions -

Cows were valued at £2-£3 and each man had some

from £10 10s for 3 cows & 3 calves to

Robert Bickertons 27 cows, 4 heifers, 2 bulls worth £54

They all owned a horse be it a bay nag, mare or colt

two owned sheep but only three a piece worth £7 6s & £9 6s

Four kept pigs but only Robert Bickerton had more than three with his sow an 10 piggs and 4 rearlings.

All but four keep some poultry and Ralph Hansall had some stalls of bees worth 10s.

So the main animal kept was the cow and four of them had cheeses in the house so we get a clear picture of dairy farming prominent with mixed farming to support the family."

"Each man has corn in the barns or on the ground but no quantities are mentioned. Only Hugh Bolton has other cereals which were 3 bushels of oats and 6 bushels of other cereals. Hugh Bolton's house in Hankelow was probably the house belonging to Ralph Bolton when they were assessed for hearth tax for 5 chimneys. Ralph was a gentleman and a trustee of the charities. Five rooms are listed -

the best chamber contained one counterpain, four curtains, two pillows, four stools, 2 small tables and one old chest, six pairs of course sheets and two dozen of old course napkins were stored there.

the little parlour contains one little table and five chairs. This room that is clearly not used for sleeping shows it to be a spacious residence.

the great parlour contains the feather bed with 3 cushions, 3 chairs and one old trunk

the low buttery has four barrells and some coopery ware and was probably used for brewing etc.

the low parlour has a second & third feather bed, curtains, an old cording (for support of the mattress), a bolster, two old chests, two stools and an old bedstead. The linen includes 12 pairs of sheets, four tableclothes, four pillowbeares (cases) one dozen flaxen napkins and eleven hemp napkins."

"Hugh Bolton owned 16 pewter dishes, 2 flaggons, 3 candlesticks, 2 tankards, 4 saucers, 2 pomingers, 2 salt cellars, 5 brass pots, 3 brass kettles, one brass pan and dish, a skimmer, a pestle and mortar and a warming pan. He had a sword, silver tankard, one tumbler and thirteen spoons, the last 3 items valued at £5. The debts due to the deceased are four times the value of his goods."

"Richard Bickerton of Newall died fifty years later, eight rooms are listed - the 'house', the buttery, the parlour, the kitchen, the salting house, kitchen chamber, best chamber and cheese chamber. There were beds in the buttery, parlour, kitchen chamber and the best chamber. His more interesting possessions include wall hangings, a looking glass, an oval table, scales. Equipment for cheese making was 5 cheese vats, 1 churn, 1 chesses tub, 3 pales, 1 cheese press, For cooking a salt chest, a spit, an iron dripping pan, a tin dripping pan, a hack knife and a flesh fork, 3 brass kettles, a spoon and a saucepan, an iron pot, a kettle,a furnace pan."

"Ralph Hassall owned a clock worth 1 guinea, a smoothing iron and a griddle stove."

"Richard Clough may have lived in a one hearth house but he had a horn tipt with silver, a case of pistols, a bible and other little books The following is a 'true and perfect inventory' of all the goods cattle and Chattels of Richard Clough late of Audlem in the County of Chester deceased .. the ninth day of December in the Twenty Eighth year of the reign of our sovereign Lord Charles the second by the grace of god of England Scotland France and Ireland King defender of the Faith by William Huett and Richard Alcott -

One cow £3

Two cows and three calves £7-10-0

one mare £2

one swine £1

geese and hens 4s

three sheep 9s

corn un-thrashed £4-14-0

corn growing in the ground 9s

three hundred weight of cheese £2-5-0

beds and bedding £2

four coffers and one trunk 9s

one table and one form 5s

one marl cart a wheelbarrow a plough and farrow 11s 6d

A trine of Folies and four Axle trees 7s

One grate a pair of potworks fire shovel pot hooks and other small things 4s

two iron pots one kettle and warming pan 4s

five pewter dishes one quart and one candlestick 7s

pack saddle with other saddles bridles chains and all things other belonging to horses 15s

one case of pistols 4s

one axe with other tools 1s

one cheese press a wheel and a dish board 3s

all fuel about the house 5s

one bible with other little books 4s

one horse tipt with silver 10s

all the deceased wearing apparel 11s"

"Richard Pickstock has a 'yellow' chamber indicating the use of paint on walls, ladders, books worth 13/6d, wool, hemp and flux 'dressed' and a winnow sheet."

"Robert Bickerton owned 2 spinning wheels and so did Richard forty years later so possibly they were the same ones still in the family."

"There is much to be learnt from the study of these inventories and tracking down the old meanings of the old expressions and equipment, for example -

'A trine of felles and four axletrees' a trine was twenty five, the felle is the curved part for the circumference of the wheel and the axle tree is the bar joining the two wheels.

'broach, colberts, landiron' The broaches were pits with a handle to turn the meat, the colberts were supports for the spits and the landirons were similar."

Audlem Post Office History

old Audlem Post Offices (top left and right)

There is a drawing of the Audlem Post Office but this is more likely to be a depiction of the more recent Post Office which was very close to the old one but on the opposite side of the junction of School Lane and Stafford Street ^[21]. Recently, the Post Office has moved again to Cheshire Street.

The Royal Mail in England was first established in 1516 under the reign of Henry "Henry VIII King of England" of England (Henry Tudor).

The original Audlem telephone exchange/s in Vicarage Lane were owned by the Post Office (GPO). The GPO developed the first programmable electronic computer (Colossus) and this paved the way for the development of automatic telephone exchanges, such as the rural switches installed on this site.

The telecommunications part of the Post Office was subsequently privatized and the telephone exchange in Vicarage Lane is now owned by 'British Telecom' ^[22].

Notables

• Audlem

Vicars of Audlem since records began -

1311 Richard Randolf

1349 William the Priest

1349 John de Holtham

1357 William Parent

1361 William de Blackelowe

1363 John de Clove

1368 Richard de Erkalwe

1373 William Amyas

1377 John de Munton

1377 Alexander de Bayton

1403 John Bacford

1404 John Brokesby

1410 John Byldeston

1410 John Brokesby

1423 John Heyfield

1424 Richard Greene

1461 Richard Turner

1500 Richard Olde

1500 Hugh Haske

1503 Thomas Messyngham

1506 William Tofte

1514 Edmund Stretay MA ^[23]

1539 Richard Whitell

1557 Ranulf Sondford

1582 Thomas Hardware

1625 Thomas Dykes

1641 Richard Eaton

1645 William Seddon MA ^[24]

1662 Gabriel Smith

1664 Thomas Cole

1696 John Oliver MA ^[25][26].

1714 Goodman Brocklesby

1716 William Wicksteade

1731 Samuel Jenks MA

1743 William Wickstead BA ^[27].

1752 Samuel Lea MA^[28].

1797 Walthall Gretton MA (d.1799 Audlem^[29], ^[30].

1799 Griffith Lloyd BA ^[31].

1802 William Cotton LL Audlem Resident 1804^[32].

1836 George Pitt MA census 1851 ^[33].

1865 Arthur Atkinson MA 1881 census ^[34].

1896 James Stapleton-Cotton 1911 census ^[35].

Rich local families of Audlem included the Massey family of Moss Hall Audlem, etc. and the Cotton family of Combermere Abbey etc.

William Massey (later a Colonel and a governor of Audlem Grammar School) married Dorothy Cotton in 1622 ^[36],^[37].

William Massey was the son of Hugh Massey 1579-1620 (who had Moss Hall built for his family) and Elizabeth Witney 1569-1646. William was the grandson of William Massey 1545-1693 and Jane (Prestland) Massey 1546-1607. The Masseys (or de Mascys) have a traceable ancestry back beyond the Norman Conquest of 1066.

Dorothy Cotton was the daughter of George Cotton 1560-1647 and Mary Bromley 1564-1641 of Combermere.

The reported Massey line of descent of William Massey (ref. family search, a couple of the links are not yet sourced) was -

William Massey 1600-68 b.Cheshire (of Audlem)

Hugh Massey 1579-1620 b.Rostherne

William Massey 1545-93 b.Denfield, Rostherne

Hugh Massey 1516-60 b.Nantwich

Thomas de Pontington Massie 1478-1528 b.Puddington ^[38].

Nicholas de Massey 1443-91 ^[39].

Esq Hugh Massey of Coddington 1389-1456

Sir John Massey de Coddington 1365-1403 ^[40].

Hamon de Massey 1333-80 ^[41].

Thomas Massey de Pontington 1297-1347 ^[42].

Hamon de Massey VII c.1255-80 b.Puddington ^[43].

Robert Massey 1228-1328 b. Dunham Massey

William de Massey 1190-1272 b. Dunham Massey ^[44].

Hamon de Massey IV 1163-1250 b. Dunham Massey ^[45].

Hamon de Massey III 1129-1216 b. Dunham Massey ^[46].

Hamon de Massey II 1100-85 b. Dunham Massey ^[47].

Hamon of Mascy or Mace c.1056-1118 b. Dunham Massey (or Ferte-Mace, Orne, Lower Normandy)^[48].

Guillaume (Ferté-Macé) de la Ferté-Macé (abt. 1035 - abt. 1083)

According to the Herads visitation of 1580, The Denfield branch is decended from William Massey of Tatton married to Margery Leigh, and through his third son Oliver Massey (1310 ).

The reported Cotton line of descent of Dorothy Cotton (ref. family search, a couple of the links are not yet sourced) was -

Dorothy Cotton 1603-72 b.Wrenbury ^[49].

George Cotton 1560-1647 of Combermere

Sir Richard Cotton (1539 - 1602) of Cheshire

Sir George Cotton (abt. 1495 - 1545) b.Cotton, Shropshire

John Cotton Esq. (abt. 1465 - abt. 1558) b. Cotton, Shropshire

William Cotton Jr (1432) b.Alkington, Shropshire

William Cotton Sr (1400 - aft. 1481) b. Cotton, Shropshire OR possibly Sir Richard Cotton (1408-55) b. Hamstall Ridware ^[50].

Roger (Cotton) de Cotton (abt. 1380 - 1461) b.Alkington

Richard (Cotton) de Cotton (abt. 1360 - 1431) b.Coton

Hugh (Cotton) de Cotton (abt. 1340) b. Rudheath Shropshire

Hugh (Cotton) de Cotton (abt. 1310 - 1360) b. Rudheath Shropshire

Alan (Cotton) de Cotton (abt. 1290 - aft. 1318) b.Cotton Shropshire

Hugh (Cotton) de Cotton Knt (abt. 1260) b. Wem Shropshire

Sources

1. ↑ https://maps.cheshireeast.gov.uk/tithemaps/ "Plot 43 Old Bakery Stafford St Audlem" (accessed 16 Oct 2023)
2. ↑ https://britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/101312614-the-old-grammar-school-audlem (accessed 10 Aug 2023)
3. ↑ https://www.audlem.org/heritagex/story-of-audlem.html (accessed 10 Aug 2023)
4. ↑ https://www.audlem.org/heritagex/story-of-audlem/important-dates-in-audlems-history.html (accessed 10 Aug 2023)
5. ↑ "England and Wales Census, 1841," database with images, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M7MT-67C : 5 March 2021), Henry Davies in household of William Davies, Audlem, Cheshire, England, United Kingdom; from "1841 England, Scotland and Wales census," database and images, findmypast (http://www.findmypast.com : n.d.); citing PRO HO 107, The National Archives, Kew, Surrey. (accessed 10 Aug 2023)
6. ↑ https://maps.cheshireeast.gov.uk/tithemaps/ "Stafford Street Audlem 1842 Tithe Map" (accessed 16 Oct 2023)
7. ↑ "England and Wales Census, 1841," database with images, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M7MT-6ZN : 5 March 2021), William Dooley, Audlem, Cheshire, England, United Kingdom; from "1841 England, Scotland and Wales census," database and images, findmypast (http://www.findmypast.com : n.d.); citing PRO HO 107, The National Archives, Kew, Surrey. (accessed 12 Aug 2023)
8. ↑ "England and Wales Census, 1841," database with images, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M7MT-DJQ : 5 March 2021), John Hall, Audlem, Cheshire, England, United Kingdom; from "1841 England, Scotland and Wales census," database and images, findmypast (http://www.findmypast.com : n.d.); citing PRO HO 107, The National Archives, Kew, Surrey. (accessed 12 Aug 2023)
9. ↑ "England and Wales Census, 1841," database with images, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M7MT-DJF : 5 March 2021), Ambrose Lockett, Audlem, Cheshire, England, United Kingdom; from "1841 England, Scotland and Wales census," database and images, findmypast (http://www.findmypast.com : n.d.); citing PRO HO 107, The National Archives, Kew, Surrey. (accessed 12 Aug 2023)
10. ↑ "England and Wales Census, 1841," database with images, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M7MT-DJC : 5 March 2021), Henry Sharpe, Audlem, Cheshire, England, United Kingdom; from "1841 England, Scotland and Wales census," database and images, findmypast (http://www.findmypast.com : n.d.); citing PRO HO 107, The National Archives, Kew, Surrey. (accessed 12 Aug 2023)
11. ↑ "England and Wales Census, 1841," database with images, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M7MT-6JH : 5 March 2021), John Wycharley, Audlem, Cheshire, England, United Kingdom; from "1841 England, Scotland and Wales census," database and images, findmypast (http://www.findmypast.com : n.d.); citing PRO HO 107, The National Archives, Kew, Surrey. (accessed 12 Aug 2023)
12. ↑ "England and Wales, National Index of Wills and Administrations, 1858-1957," database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:7X3P-7RW2 : 27 August 2019), John Hall Greaves, 15 Nov 1897; citing Probate, Chester, Cheshire, England, United Kingdom, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, Great Britain.; FHL microfilm . (accessed 11 Aug 2023)
13. ↑ "England and Wales, National Index of Wills and Administrations, 1858-1957," database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:7X69-GSPZ : 27 August 2019), Charles or Charles Meikle Nelson, 28 May 1898; citing Probate, City of London, Middlesex, England, United Kingdom, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, Great Britain.; FHL microfilm . (accessed 11 Aug 2023)
14. ↑ "England and Wales Census, 1901," database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XS6K-KMH : 21 May 2019), Harriet Blakeman, Audlem, Cheshire, England, United Kingdom; from "1901 England, Scotland and Wales census," database and images, findmypast (http://www.findmypast.com : n.d.); citing Wrenbury subdistrict, PRO RG 13, The National Archives, Kew, Surrey. (accessed 11 Aug 2023)
15. ↑ "England and Wales Census, 1881," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:Q272-2R6S : 13 December 2017), John Wood in household of Thomas Wood, Audlem, Cheshire, England; from "1881 England, Scotland and Wales Census," database and images, findmypast (http://www.findmypast.com : n.d.); citing p. 30, Piece/Folio 3551/17, The National Archives, Kew, Surrey; FHL microfilm 101,775,030. (accessed 11 Aug 2023)
16. ↑ "England and Wales Census, 1901," database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XS6K-K9M : 21 May 2019), John Wood, Audlem, Cheshire, England, United Kingdom; from "1901 England, Scotland and Wales census," database and images, findmypast (http://www.findmypast.com : n.d.); citing Wrenbury subdistrict, PRO RG 13, The National Archives, Kew, Surrey. (accessed 11 Aug 2023)
17. ↑ "England and Wales Census, 1911," database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XW3D-2QK : 3 July 2019), John Wood, Audlem, Cheshire, England, United Kingdom; from "1911 England and Wales census," database and images, findmypast (http://www.findmypast.com : n.d.); citing PRO RG 14, The National Archives of the UK, Kew, Surrey. (accessed 11 Aug 2023)
18. ↑ "England and Wales Death Registration Index 1837-2007", database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVH4-R4JX : 3 November 2021), John Wood, 1925. (accessed 11 Aug 2023)
19. ↑ https://blhs.co.uk/blhs-blog/2019/7/27/blhs-visits-audlem (accessed 11 Aug 2023)
20. ↑ https://www.audlem.org/features/history-shorts.html (accessed 11 Aug 2023)
21. ↑ https://drawingthestreet.com/tag/old-post-office-audlem/ (accessed 13 Aug 2023)
22. ↑ https://telephone-exchange.co.uk/Audlem-WMADM.html (accessed 13 Aug 2023)
23. ↑ https://archive.org/details/p1alumnicantabri04univuoft/page/174/mode/2up "Alumni Cantabrigienses" (accessed 26 Aug 2023)
24. ↑ https://archive.org/details/p1alumnicantabri04univuoft/page/38/mode/2up "Alumni Cantabrigienses" (accessed 26 Aug 2023)
25. ↑ https://archive.org/details/p1alumnicantabri03univuoft/page/278/mode/2up "Alumni Cantabrigienses" (accessed 26 Aug 2023)
26. ↑ https://archive.org/details/alumnioxoniensi01oxfogoog/page/n250/mode/2up?view=theater "Alumni Oxonienses" (accessed 26 Aug 2023)
27. ↑ https://archive.org/details/p1alumnicantabri04univuoft/page/400/mode/2up "Alumni Cantabrigienses" (accessed 26 Aug 2023)
28. ↑ https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_PwQVAAAAQAAJ/page/n37/mode/2up "Alumni Oxonienses" (accessed 26 Aug 2023)
29. ↑ "England, Cheshire Parish Registers, 1538-2000," database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:F7W9-Y29 : 7 December 2017), Walthall Gretton, 01 Jun 1799, Burial; citing Item 6 p 26, , Audlem, Cheshire, England, Record Office, Chester; FHL microfilm 2,093,490. (accessed 11 Aug 2023)
30. ↑ https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=pst.000007713293&seq=581 "Alumni Oxonienses" (accessed 26 Aug 2023)
31. ↑ https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_PwQVAAAAQAAJ/page/n83/mode/2up "Alumni Oxonienses" (accessed 26 Aug 2023)
32. ↑ "England, Cheshire, Land Tax Assessments, 1778-1832," database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:FP7M-V3D : 8 December 2017), William Cotton, 1804; citing Audlem, Cheshire, England, Record Office, Chester; FHL microfilm 1,546,449. (accessed 11 Aug 2023)
33. ↑ "England and Wales Census, 1851," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:SG2F-VP6 : 9 November 2019), George Pitt, Audlem, Cheshire, England; citing Audlem, Cheshire, England, p. 11, from "1851 England, Scotland and Wales census," database and images, findmypast (http://www.findmypast.com : n.d.); citing PRO HO 107, The National Archives of the UK, Kew, Surrey. (accessed 11 Aug 2023)
34. ↑ "England and Wales Census, 1881," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:Q272-2T9Q : 13 December 2017), Arthur Atkinson, Audlem, Cheshire, England; from "1881 England, Scotland and Wales Census," database and images, findmypast (http://www.findmypast.com : n.d.); citing p. 15, Piece/Folio 3551/10, The National Archives, Kew, Surrey; FHL microfilm 101,775,030. (accessed 11 Aug 2023)
35. ↑ "England and Wales Census, 1911," database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XW3D-VPV : 3 July 2019), James Stapleton Cotton, Audlem, Cheshire, England, United Kingdom; from "1911 England and Wales census," database and images, findmypast (http://www.findmypast.com : n.d.); citing PRO RG 14, The National Archives of the UK, Kew, Surrey. (accessed 11 Aug 2023)
36. ↑ "England, Cheshire Parish Registers, 1538-2000," database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:FQBX-PX5 : 7 December 2017), William Massie and Dorothie Cotton, 05 Mar 1622, Marriage; citing , , Wrenbury, Cheshire, England, Record Office, Chester; FHL microfilm 2,106,694. (accessed 10 Aug 2023)
37. ↑ https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/8ee01d33-8579-4176-8ac7-bd794ac4c079 "Marriage settlement of William Massye of Audlem, esq., and Dorothy, daughter of George Cotton of Combermere, esq This record is held by Cheshire Archives and Local Studies See contact details Reference: ZCR 72/2/1 Title: Marriage settlement of William Massye of Audlem, esq., and Dorothy, daughter of George Cotton of Combermere, esq Description: Relates to premises of William Massye in Audlem, Denfield, Wrenbury, and particularly to Moss House in Audlem Date: 1 March 1622 Held by: Cheshire Archives and Local Studies, not available at The National Archives Former reference in its original department: ZCR 72/AppendixA/138 Language: English" (accessed 10 Aug 2023)
38. ↑ "Find A Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVL7-GNWL : 25 May 2022), Thomas Massey, ; Burial, , ; citing record ID 88225844, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com. (accessed 12 Aug 2023)
39. ↑ http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?dbid=60526&h=2478958&indiv=try (accessed 12 Aug 2023)
40. ↑ "Find A Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:635N-8VN2 : 6 March 2021), John De Pontington Massey, ; Burial, , ; citing record ID 218387331, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com. (accessed 12 Aug 2023)
41. ↑ "Find A Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:635N-XS3Z : 6 March 2021), Hamon De Pontington Massey, ; Burial, , ; citing record ID 218387802, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com. (accessed 12 Aug 2023)
42. ↑ "Find A Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:63R9-HN2M : 6 March 2021), Thomas De Pontington Massey, ; Burial, , ; citing record ID 218506813, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com. (accessed 12 Aug 2023)
43. ↑ "Find A Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:63R9-CQW2 : 6 March 2021), Hamon De Massey, ; Burial, , ; citing record ID 218506874, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com. (accessed 12 Aug 2023)
44. ↑ https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/011742956 "Vol 1, p 521, IV IV. Hamon Massy the fourth, son and heir of Hamon the third, had issue HAMON son and heir; WILLIAM Massy, from whom the Massies of Tatton, lib. C. fol, 255, e; also MARGERY, a daughter, to whom her father gave the whole town of Stretford, about anno Domini 1250; and after, the said Margery, then widow of Roger Pain of Ecburn, i.e. Ashburn, released all her right in the whole town of Stretford unto Henry de Trafford, lib. C. fol. 251, d, e. The originals of these two deeds were among the evidences of sir Cecil Trafford, of Trafford in Lancashire, 1666." (accessed 12 Aug 2023)
45. ↑ "Find A Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:63R9-DVPZ : 6 March 2021), Hamon Massey, ; Burial, , ; citing record ID 218507812, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com. (accessed 12 Aug 2023)
46. ↑ "Find A Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:63R9-D8ZM : 6 March 2021), Hamon Massey, ; Burial, , ; citing record ID 218507955, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com. (accessed 12 Aug 2023)
47. ↑ "Find A Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:63R9-X4PZ : 6 March 2021), Hamon Massey, ; Burial, , ; citing record ID 218508153, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com. (accessed 12 Aug 2023)
48. ↑ https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/011742956 "Vol 1, p 520, I This town of Dunham-Massy was the seat of the ancient barons of Dunham Massy; and from those Massys, lords thereof, it is called Dunham Massy, in distinction from another Dunham in this county, not far from Trofford Bridge, called Dunham on. the Hill. Dunham hath its name from these two old English words, [Dun], which is as much as a rising hill, for which we now use the word Down; and [Ham], a house, home, or dwelling: as-it were, a dwelling by the side of a hill, a house, or town by the downs. I. Hamon Massy, the first baron of Dunham-Massy, held the towns of Dunham, Bowdon, Hale, Ashley, and half of Owlarton, in Bucklow Hundred, under Hugh Lupus earl of Chester, in the reign of William the Conqueror; all which one Elward held formerly, as appears by Doomsday Book: so as it seems to me, that this Elward was dispossessed of his right therein, and these lands given to Hamon by earl Hugh. This Hamon had also in Maxfield Hundred, Bromhale, and Podinton in Wirrhall Hundred, at the same time, and other lands. This Hamon had issue HAMON, son and heir, and ROBERT Massy, witness to the first Randle’s charter of confirmation to the abby of St Werburge in Chester, about anno Domini 1124, or thereabout. See supra in this book, pag. 119." (accessed 12 Aug 2023)
49. ↑ "Find A Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QL7R-HKZJ : 10 May 2023), Dorothy Cotton Massey, ; Burial, Audlem, Cheshire East Unitary Authority, Cheshire, England, St James Churchyard; citing record ID 177457656, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com. (accessed 12 Aug 2023)
50. ↑ Vivian, Visitations of Devonshire, England (Pages 240-241). (accessed 12 Aug 2023)