Prussian Settlement in Australia Team
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Surnames/tags: Australia Germany Prussia
[send private message], Kylie Haese [send private message], and Australia Project WikiTree [send private message]
Top Level Pages in this Project: Prussia Team Page | Tips For Researching Prussian and German Settlers in Australia | Prussian and German Settlement in Queensland | Prussian and German Settlement in South Australia | Prussian Immigrant Ships to Australia |
The Team Leader is Steve Thomas.
German Australians (German: Deutsch-Australier) are Australians with German Heritage. Australians with German heritage constitute one of the largest non-British ethnic groups in Australia. Germans have been in Australia since European settlement commenced in 1788. At least 73 convicts transported to Australia were German. However it was in 1838 that large numbers of German immigrants from Prussia began to migrate to Australia, with the first German settlement being Klemzig, which is now a suburb of Adelaide. Prussian/German immigrants were also prominent in settling Queensland.
The time period of focus for this team is roughly 1836-1914.
Contents |
Team
Team members; please add your name to the list here:
- Steve Thomas Team Leader. Descendant of families from Silesia : Heinrich of Seiffersdorf, Pfeiffer, Naeschke, Semmler, Qualmann, Schaefer and Haensel.
- Veronica Williams Descendant of families from Tucheim - Noll, Wohling, Wedding, Teltau, Zimmerman and Heinrich.
- Melanie Paul Queensland families.
- Geoffrey Raebel South Australia - ships
- Scott Davis South Australia ships
- Malcolm McGrice Particularly interested in Prussian immigrants to South Australia and Victoria. Am direct descendant of Prussian immigrants to South Australia as early as 1838. Families include Kuchel, Menzel, Block, Muhlnickel. Have managed to trace families back to Brandenberg, Nekla Hauland etc and research the ships on which they arrived in South Australia. Research of connected families up to the present has resulted in a family tree exceeding 20,000 individuals. Many Prussian families moved from South Australia to settle in western Victoria and south eastern NSW. Have access to large number of family histories of these immigrants, shipping records, BDM's etc and quite willing to assist others in their researching
- David Lowe Interested in Prussian aristocracy. 3g-grandparents fled Prussia (in 1850 to England, then 1854 to Australia) after the Baroness went against the family plans and married an army captain!
- Peter Kane My wife is descended from the Shafferius clan who immigrated to Queensland from Prussia. As far as we know every Schafferius in Australia is descended from a single family (2 brothers and a sister). I'm entering a 2001 family history book "The Schafferius Story" into wikitree, and updating and adding new profiles as I go. I've also created a categories for the book https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:The_Schafferius_Story and started a name study for Schafferius: https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Schafferius_Name_Study
- Robert Kopp
- Susan Stopford A descendent of vine dressers from Prussia & the Rheingau region who immigrated to the Colony of New South Wales between 1849 and 1855. Surnames of interest: Schoeneck / Schöneck / Schipp / Mohr. Ships: Beulah (arr. 1849). Reiherstieg (arr. 1852). Cateaux Wattel (arr. 1855)
- Genevieve Weiland
- Catherine Davies
- Dianne Garner
- Kerryn Forsyth
- Chris Wright
- Ian Perry
- Lynda Collier
- Mark Navin
- What a great team!
How To Join
- Join the Australia Project by replying to this G2G post
- Request to be on the trusted list of this page.
- Post a comment on the bottom right hand side of this page and tell us why and how you can help us reach our goals
- Joining the Germany project is optional but recommended
- Welcome!
Goals
- Create profiles for all the Prussian and German people who travelled to Australia in the colonial period, even if via other countries, and who settled in Australia
- Free space pages with shipping lists for all ships that arrived with Prussian/German settlers in Australia
- Categorise and join the people profiles to the main WikiTree
- Find out who and what the forty-eighters were : see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty-Eighters Do we want a Space Page on this?
- Identify stickers relevant to the project. Are any new stickers needed?
- Pool our knowledge and experience and assist each other.
To Do List
Completed tasks are added to the Tasks Completed list below.
- On the Prussian Immigrant Ships to South Australia page, create Free Space Pages for ships listed. See Zebra Passenger List 1838 as an example. (Maybe start with those that already are a category on WikiTree?) Add complete passenger list if available. Include crew, ship's surgeon, births and deaths on board etc if avaiable. Put a link to the Space page on the ship's category page, example: Category: Zebra, Arrived 2 Jan 1839.
- Research and add ships to Prussian Immigrant Ships to Queensland Can you contribute a couple?
- Create further State-specific pages - NSW, Victoria, Western Australia. (Some of my relatives sailed into Melbourne first, then on to Adelaide. Maybe we can have some sort of indicator for those who travelled internally. Ideas how this can be done?)
- Find images for the Prussian and German Settlement in Queensland page.
- Create a Free Space Page especially for the migrants who first went to New Zealand on the Skjold or Skiold 1844 and had to be brought to Van Dieman's Land (European name for the island now called Tasmania) and then South Australia after near starvation and lack of work. See The Skjold Immigrants Example: Elisabeth Qualmann. Many of these families are identified in "Germans who settled in Australia or Overseas".
- All the passengers on this WikiTree page: Zebra Passenger List 1838 need to be added to Category: Zebra, Arrived 2 Jan 1839 Has Anonymous Dienelt done any other pages like this that would be relevant to this Project? Would they like to join? (I'm not sure that the proposal to add all profiles from Zebra Passenger List 1838 to another Category is a good idea. Looks like unnecessary duplication to me. I recommend this proposal be set 'On hold' for more discussion. S.T.)
- (removed due to confusion - see next item)
- Three waves of immigration: Old Lutherans; 48ers; and fleeing militarism, respectively. Should they be covered on one page all together? Or a seperate page for each, so they are less than 800 words and aesthetically pleasing? - K.H. I now agree that the 48ers were a significant, identifiable group. A separate page looks like a good idea - S.T. (I've removed the comments I made previously)
- Research the Wends/Wendish and build a free-space page. (Suggested by A.T.) ( The Pioneer Heritage Trail Brochure describe who the Wends are, where they settled in SA and, importantly, the family names. - S.T)(The Wendish Heritage Society site identifies migration ships (many to Victoria) and settlements in Victoria and SA.-S.T.)
- Add these families to WIkitree - Individuals or families that boarded a ship or scheduled emigration to Australia from Niedersachsen National Land Archives (NLA).
Tasks Completed
- Profile Captain of the Zebra 1839, after whom Hahndorf, Sth Aust. is named. Capt Dirk Hahn Done - A.T.
- Created South Australia specific page. Done - A.T.
- Linked to Wikipedia list of place names changed by the Nomenclature Act. See under "Place Names" on the Tips for Researching page. Done - A.T.
- Created Ships - SA page - Done - K.H.
- Created a Queensland specific page Done Haese-11 09:21, 24 April 2019 (UTC)
- Created Top Level Ships to Australia Page as in planned structure - A.T.
- Created Ships to Queensland Page - A.T.
- I created this space for Heinrich today. No category for it so I have requested one. (TH)
- Populating WikiTree with German migrants to Queensland M.P.
- Created a page with surname spelling variations and also codes to use for writing German text on your English keyboard. Linked from the "Tips" page - S.T.
- Created a page of German words for occupations with English translations, linked from the "Tips" page - K.H.
Stickers
Wikitree Of Importance
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| Pastor Kavel |
- Pastor Kavel - 12 April 1835: Pastor Ludwig Christian Kavel first met with George Fife Angas in London to initiate arrangements for the emigration of German Lutherans to settle in Klemzig the first Lutheran settlement & elsewhere to South Australia. Pastor Kavel was determined to help his loyal parishioners emigrate from Brandenburg, Posen and Silesia to escape religious persecution by King Friedrich Wilhelm III of Prussia. From https://www.geni.com/projects/Bound-for-South-Australia/18356
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| Agnes Kroll |
Did you know we have our own illegitimate Prussian Princess, who came to Australia and was living in Sydney? Agnes (Kroll) Dettmann's ancestry can be traced back to the Kings of Prussia, see her tree here. A fabulous book, Agnes: The Secret Princess by Belinda Dettmann and Jane Stevens (published January 2015) tells the story of her lineage and it includes DNA analysis. I have a copy and plan to try to ensure we reference it throughout Wikitree, particularly the DNA side. Agnes is also related to Geoffrey Robertson and some of you may remember the references to this mystery in the episode of Who Do You Think You Are that aired in 2008 (Veronica Williams 22:36, 7 April 2019 (UTC))
Links
WikiTree Categories of interest:
- Category: Emigrants from Prussia to Australia
- Category: Migrants From Prussia to South Australia
- South Australia, Immigrants from German Confederation
- Category: Migrants From Prussia to Queensland
- Category: Migrants From Prussia to Victoria
- German-Australian Genealogy & History Alliance Page
- Monikas German to English translations
- Darling Downs German Genealogy Group
Sources
- Graeme Moad Surname List
- Graeme Moad list of Surname spelling variations
- Wikipedia contributors. (2018, June 13). German settlement in Australia. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Originally retrieved 15:34, March 18, 2019, updated 23:48, June 5, 2021 from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_settlement_in_Australiatitle=German_settlement_in_Australia&oldid=845645105
- Wikipedia - List of Australian Place Names Changed From German Names
- http://www.germanaustralia.com/index.htm
- https://www.geni.com/projects/Prussian-settlement-in-South-Australia/16515
- https://www.geni.com/projects/Prussian-Settlement-in-Queensland/31571
- http://www.theshipslist.com/ships/australia/SAgermanindex.shtml
- http://www.slsa.sa.gov.au/manning/sa/immigra/german.htm - German Immigration to South Australia
- http://www.theshipslist.com/ships/australia/SAgermanindex.shtml German Immigration to SA
- Flinders Ranges Research - German Settlement in South Australia
- Prussian Immigrants to S.A. With Surname Hellwig
- The German Club - German History in South Australia
- http://www.slsa.ha.sa.gov.au/BSA - Passenger lists of ships to South Australia 1836-1851, originally compiled by the late Diane Cummings
- Individuals or families that boarded a ship or scheduled emigration to Australia from Niedersachsen National Land Archives (NLA).
- http://gov.genealogy.net/search/index Powerful system to find German place names. Very useful for finding locations that are not in Germany now.
- https://www.familysearch.org/research/places/ Family Search tool for finding locations. Quite useful for locations that are not inside Germany now.
- https://www.meyersgaz.org/ Meyers Gazetteer. Another tool to find historic locations in Prussia.
- Immigrants to Queensland from Germany
Memories: 1
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I am a project coordinator in the Germany Project and can answer Anne's question.
Anne, Yes, I agree the Post WW2 migration categories are light. Some of this comes from concern for privacy. The migration question is a shared concern between Germany and Australia. Can you add your request to https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:Categories_Waiting_to_be_Added_or_Renamed ?
As for privacy, I suspect a lot of the post WW2 immigrants are now no longer living - some who came as children like my mother are alive but her parents and her grandmother, my great grandmother, are dead. The documents are available through the National Archives - I struggle to see the privacy concern with immigration categorisation which is opt in.
Sometimes I would prefer to use a broader country category. Without better information I have created migration categories like "Buenos Aires, immigrants from Italy". If there are migration categories that should be added then ask.
quote : Although the Wikitree field asks for a first name, it is not a strict requirement. For German names, I recommend that you add all the given names in the 'first name' field.
The Wikitree South Africa Project is brutally clear inside the title page https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Project:South_Africa:. “Please do not use the Middle Name field.”
commented 2 hours ago by Steve Thomas : endquote
I think the above about no middle names should be emphasised much more than it is. This naming convention carried on for generations after immigration, where Germanic families would have multiple forenames, and they were all interchangeable until more modern times.
My own birth certificate does NOT assign me a "first name" and a "middle name" (and I'm WISEAS (also known as "mostly from the British Isles, with some Scandinavian thrown in), not Germanic). It simply says "name". We presume a lot of the time that we have a "first" and a "middle" name, when we really don't except through general acceptance. I've also seen it said somewhere that Australians don't legally have a "middle" name, just a "first name". (Confirmation names are totally ignored, although many people absorb those as part of their full legal signature name.)
We also decide without knowing if it's accurate the "preferred" name for our ancestors. Unless we have documentary proof that they use ONE name more often than any other, we should not be assigning the first name of a string as the "preferred" name. (This is more true for an infant, or small child, with multiple forenames, who has died before being old enough to decide by which name they will be known/called. An exception would be if there is documentary (gravestone) proof that the family had a call (use) name for the child. Example "Jonny" for a Jonathon, or "Daisy", "Peggy", or "Molly" for a Margaret.)
I will be interested to see if anyone can argue a case for retaining the 'First Name' field.
I like the idea of there being a XYZ has Prussian Ancestors.....But I can't seem to follow the logic of why that sticker not approved. Can someone enlighten me? Should we propose it again?
I would also love to see a "had Prussian ancestors" sticker, but we kept being told to use the German ancestors one. My grand-aunt didn't regard herself as being descended from Germans, and would probably be rather horrified that it now shows her as having such. (I could probably change the German Roots sticker to the non-migrating ancestor sticker, but I never seem to get around to doing that.)
https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Template:German_Roots_Sticker
There is a Prussian Roots sticker in English.
You can also use the migrating ancestor sticker with the Prussian flag. Susan
[1] The Coming of the Wends [ From Germany to Australia from 1848] by Rev Rupert Burger [2] Sorbs / Wends of Lusatia [ The Unknown Immigrants] by B Hall, J Noack and H Senff
In Germany the people are called Sorbs and recognised as one of the indigenous people in that country. Many hoped for more autonomy in their region of Lusatia in the European revolutions of 1848. When the revolution failed many emigrated to USA and Australia. https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:Sorbs_/_Wends_of_Lusatia
There are interpretive signs at about half a dozen historic Wendish sites in South Australia.
Agneta Altus (1799-1864) and her family are my only "German" ancestors who came from what is now Germany I think. The rest emigrated from places that are now in Poland.
Freedom Found: A History of the Altus Family in Australia, P. H. Colliver, ISBN 0 9592754 0 1
I still feel embarrassed that I did not know that they were a different cultural and linguistic group. Not quite as embarrassed as my cousin who has more German ancestry than me. He lives close to Walla Walla but knew nothing of the migration of Wends from Ebenezer in SA to NSW in 1856. 56 settlers moved 500 miles in 5 weeks in a train of 12 wagons. Until I visited 3 years ago my cousin had not stepped inside the largest Lutheran Church in NSW.
Edit to add an extra thought: Should we create a category for the group of 56 settlers travelling to another colony, even though they went overland not on a ship voyage? A plaque at Ebenezer provides the family names to help us find their profiles. https://monumentaustralia.org.au/themes/culture/religion/display/118033-ebenezer-walla-walla-centenary-stone
I am interested in this unusual piece of Australian history. I don't know of any other wagon trains that covered 500 miles. I'll start by creating a free space page and place it under Category:Colonial_Australia_1788-1900. This will deserve a category to help keep track of the family connections.
GERMAN VILLAGE.-The batch of Ger- man immigrants consigned to Dr. Thom- son, by the Emmy, arrived in Geelong on Thursday afternoon by the Vesta steamer. The number, exclusive of children, appeared to be somewhere about twenty. Dr. T., it is said, intends to make an effort to es- tablish a German village in the neighbour- hood of the town. Geelong Advertiser.
This group of twenty went on to establish Germantown which is now the suburb of Grovedale - part of Geelong where I live. I'm finding quite a bit thanks to newspaper reporting...also need a trip to our local historical society which has quite a lot on it and then to get it written up!!!
I recognise this family and the ship 'H.R. Patel'. https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:Heerjeebhoy_Rustomjee_Patel%2C_Immigrant_Voyage_to_South_Australia_1846
August was living at Kooringa (Burra) in 1851 when he was naturalised.
Is there any specific birth, marriage and death information you were looking for? I should be able to help. Regards, Steve Thomas.
P.S. I am related to other passengers on the same ship in 1846. Miners from Clausthal. They first worked in the Burra mine.
https://moadstorage.blob.core.windows.net/$web/Lehmann_Henschke/wc122/wc122_360.html
The German immigrants were warmly welcomed in the small, young colony. The newspaper 'The South Australian Register' wrote: "The Heloise from Bremen (12th October), with 204 German emigrants of a very superior class ........."
Under Captain J.F. von Hagen she carried a crew of 20 men and 258 passengers from the Harz Mountains region of Saxony, principally the Upper Harz mining towns of Clausthal, Zellerfeld, Lautenthal and Wildemann.
Most of the miners worked initially in the copper mine at Burra in South Australia. Then many moved on to other mining regions around Australia: South Australia (Moonta/Wallaroo/Birdwood), New South Wales (Broken Hill/Adelong), Victoria (Bendigo/Ballarat) and Western Australia (Boulder/Kalgoorlie).
In 1848, the Ministry of Finance of Königreich Hannover decided that in order to improve the economic situation of the region emigration should be encouraged and supported financially. This is interesting to me because families were split and headed in different directions to USA, Australia or Brasil. This is a good starting place to find distant cousins around the world.
This has been a specialty project for Michael Schindler-204. He has created many hundreds (thousands?) of profiles for the emigrants leaving the Harz region. More general information about the migration to Australia is in http://www.ronebergcairns.com/famgeodmhist_25.html .
Between 1849 and 1855, 1100 emigrants arrived at Port Adelaide, South Australia on 14 ships. (George Washington, arrived Mar 1849; Auguste and Meline Apr 1849; Ceres Apr 1850; Leontine Aug 1850; Herder Sep 1851; Dockenhuden Feb 1852; Alfred Oct 1852; Dockenhuden May 1853; Steinwärder Nov 1853; Cesar Godeffroy Jan 1854; Iserbook Mar 1854; Wandram Aug 1854; Johann Cesar Jan 1855).
I have his naturalisation papers, his death and burial, and the births of four children (in New South Wales). The death record states his parents were Godfrey and Catherine. His son was named Gotfrid/Gotfrit, but went by Godfrey, so the spelling for the father is unlikely to be "Godfrey". Just as unlikely, but always possible, is the spelling "Catherine" for his mother.
Wilhelm's wife was Katharena Hahn, but her name may be spelt any number of ways, as her death is registered as Catherine, and the newspaper notice also uses Catherine. There may, or may not, have been children before the ones born in New South Wales.
I also have some city directory entries that place him on Liverpool Road, Ashfield district. Right now I don't even know if "Solon" is the correct name, or the correct spelling, but it's what is on the naturalisation docs. I have not, yet, found it in NSW, but have only just begun to look for the arrival. It is highly likely that Wilhelm and Katharena were married before emigrating, but that's just supposition on my part at this time.
But this link http://www.oocities.org/mppraetorius/com-so.htm says that after leaving Moreton Bay it shipwrecked, and then moved on to Sydney?
This is really very interesting. I hope the shipping lists are not some of the few completely lost! That would be a terrible shame. The fact that we can find information on the ship travelling here from Bremen in 1859 along with the naturalisation record will have to be enough to prove the fact. To find more info on the person, I would search Bremen records to start with. Seen as that is where the ship embarked from. Hope that helps you Melanie. Good luck :-)
Background and history of the Solon In 1858, the SOLON was sold to H. Bischoff & Co, Bremen for 22,750 Reichstaler, but was almost immediately sold to Oldenburg, and sent on a round-the-world voyage. On 15 December 1858, Heinrich Jürgen Rohde, from Bremen, master, she sailed from Bremerhaven for Capetown, from where she sailed in March 1859, bound for Australia. After calling at Moreton Bay, she set sail for Sydney, but was stranded on Moreton Island; she was gotten off safely, and arrived at Sydney on 11 July 1859. Taking on a load of coal, she proceeded to the Philippines, where on 24 November she was loading sugar at the rate of £1 17s. 6d. per ton for the return trip to Sydney. At Sydney she took on a cargo of coal, hay, and ships stores and sailed for Goolong, where the cargo was to be delivered to the Oldenburg ship ARNIM, but on 28 April 1860, she ran aground on Crookhaven Head, near Shoalhaven; one ships's boy was drowned.
Source: Peter-Michael Pawlik, Von der Weser in die Welt; Die Geschichte der Segelschiffe von Weser und Lesum und ihrer Bauwerften 1770 bis 1893, Schriften des Deutschen Schiffahrtsmuseums, Bd. 33 (Hamburg: Kabel, c1993), p. 392, no. 93. https://www.oocities.org/mppraetorius/com-so.htm
Also found this from a wordpress Stubbs Family History
Two ships arrived in Moreton Bay direct from Bremen in 1858/1859i for which there are no surviving departure listsii: the Solon (May 1859) and the Diana (May 1858).iii
To compound the difficulties this presents for researchers, the immigrants aboard these vessels weren’t government-assisted. Consequently, the Immigration Board of New South Wales was not involved in processing the men, women and children who arrived on these ships, and therefore, there are no relevant ‘Board’s Lists’iv, which can be a valuable resource for family historians.
Even though a ‘passenger list’ for the Diana hasn’t survived in Bremen, the Bremer Musterungslisten der Schiffe (Bremen ships’ muster lists)v record that a crew of thirteen, including the young son of the captain, Hermann HÜSING, was signed on to the Diana 18 November 1857 in preparation for a voyage to Moreton Bay. These seamen are listed by name, accompanied by birth year and place, residence and crew ranking, rate of pay, etc.vi
As the NSW scheme for assisting men from the Continent who possessed skills not obtainable from Britain eg. vine dressers, wine coopers, etc., had ceased by the end of 1856, the immigrants aboard the two vessels mentioned above were either self-funded, on private work contracts arranged by the agents who imported them, or were advertised for hire by these agents on arrival.
I noted 11 days ago that I was comparing a German list of emigrants with Australian records and Wikitree profiles. The German list was compiled by the historian, Pastor Wilhelm Iwan, in 1943. The German original is now presented with an English translation in the web-page http://www.archivaria.com/EmigList/
In the 20 years between 1836 and 1856 about 2/3 of the 'Old Lutherans' migrated to North America and most of the rest to Australia. In the year 1838 almost all left for Australia and mainly from the kreis (local district) of Züllichau-Schwiebus in the Prussian province of Brandenburg (in the new March, East of the Oder River). I've tagged the Wikitree profiles and found a something interesting. It's been added by the German Project Team and useful to show where people have migrated : https://wikitree.sdms.si/2018.htm
Regards, Steve
p.s. Late edit. I'm not sure how the mapping site works. If it does not show any migration paths, look at the CIB box in https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Z%C3%BCllichau-Schwiebus_%28Kreis%29%2C_Brandenburg , then press the link "WikiTree+ Maps" in the line "Map of Profiles:"
About 50% of the migrants to USA left from the province of Pommern (Pomerania). The emigrants to USA and Australia left different regions. Very few emigrants to Australia left Pommern or Sachsen (Saxony). On the other hand all the emigrants from the province of Posen went to Australia.
The majority of Old Lutheran migrants to Australia left from a small region centred around the village of Klemzig. 80% left from 2 adjoining Kreis, A Kreis is a local government districts similar to a County in Ireland.
430 Wikitree profiles exist for emigrants from the Kreis of Züllichau-Schwiebus in the Province of Brandenburg, 106 from the Kreis of Grünberg in the Province of Schelsien (Silesia) and 76 from Meseritz in the Province of Posen.
I have been examining the migration of the religious dissenters from Prussia to Australia in the middle of the 19th Century. The attached free-space page is a comparison between a list of emigrees compiled in 1943 in Germany and Australian shipping records. https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:Name_list_of_%27Old_Lutheran%27_Emigrants_to_Australia
Part of my aim is to connect the records with existing Wikitree profiles.
I have not finished this project yet. When I finish, I will attach the final product somewhere inside these Wikitree pages.
Please contact me if you have any questions or comments,
Regards, Steve.
I'm spending a bit of time compiling information.
However, I'm only building from the greater works done before me.
Just checking in to see how you all are. If you have any questions, or stories, about anything you find interesting to share. Something I have found interesting is that Prussians/Germans in Queensland is a more substantial topic than I first thought. The German history in that state is quite interesting. I have been reading up on the topic.
Hope to see your comments soon.
Kind regards, Kylie
I'm pretty sure most Germans to Australia in the mid 1800s would have considered themselves Prussian.
But if you want to get technical you can search by year the place name of then or now and see whether it was considered Prussian when they were born and or when they left there.
Thats my two cents worth lol
Kylie
The words 'Nation' and 'State' are not synonyms. A nation can be described as a stable community of people, formed on the basis of a common language, territory, history, ethnicity, or psychological make-up manifested in a common culture. Poland existed as a nation without a state in 1797, however I support the statement that Pawe?'s nationality was Polish.
In this Wikitree page I interpret 'Prussian' quite broadly in the sense of language and culture, rather than the state boundaries which have moved quite a lot in the last 300 years.
How broadly do we interpret "Prussian". For example, Pawe? Strzelecki is typically described as Polish, but was born in what was at the time part of Prussia and served briefly in the Prussian army. Should he be included in those of importance on this page?
Just checking in to see what you are all working on? If you have any questions or suggestions?
Personally Ive been working on the 1848 and 1849 Pauline lists and slowly adding profiles for people. If the ship list page hasn't been created yet I make sure to add the category to the profile to make it easier in the future.
Post responses here...posting on these pages is how we communicate with each other. Request to be on the pages trusted lists to be notified of new comments. :)
Kind regards Kylie