Here is where Erik will list research notes and sources relating to the ancestry of his mother Denise Marie Lukens.
Contents |
Research Overview
DNA
mtDNA
Erik \ Denise \ Grandma K1a4a1a3 : found in Germany, Britain and Ireland https://www.eupedia.com/europe/Haplogroup_K_mtDNA.shtml
Haplogroup K is believed to have originated in the mid-Upper Paleolithic, between about 30,000 and 22,000 years ago. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup_K_(mtDNA)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4229899/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4402619/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4402619/
Surnames
Getz
Yates is a contraction similar to Katz (the most common Jewish surname). It is composed of the first letters of the Hebrew word Ger, meaning “convert,” and zedeks, a modifier signifying “righteous, generous, pious, faithful.” (It is evident, then, that the founder of this large family was non-Semitic.) The usual form in German and Ashkenazic lands was Goetz, or Getz, which has approximately the same pronunciation as Yates/Gates. Old English pronunciation (and even today’s Tidewater Virginia accent) often blends y and g sounds together, as in “The girl in the garden.” Other forms are Oetz, Utz, Aytes and Jets, which probably reflect a filtering through French and Dutch. Abbreviations such as GZ and KZ are said to derive from Rhineland Jewry.
Book of Jewish and Crypto-Jewish Surnames By Judith K. Jarvis, Susan L. Levin, Donald N. Yates
Getz is an acronym (a name created from the initial letters of a Hebrew phrase, and which refers to a relative, lineage or occupation) of the Hebrew Gabbai Tzedakah, meaning "official in charge of alms and charities". In some cases the acronym is Ger Tzedek, which means "proselyte".
Gabbai, (Hebrew: “collector”, ) plural Gabbaim, or Gabbais, treasurer or honorary official of a Jewish Orthodox congregation, often placed in charge of funds used for charity. The office is a carry-over from former times, when men whose reputations were above reproach collected funds for charity.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/gabbai
ג״צ Gatz Getz Gabbai of righteousness
https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Jewish_surnames
Often translated as “warden,” the gabbai (or gabba'im plural) helps keep things organized and running smoothly in a synagogue.
https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/4118810/jewish/The-Gabbai.htm
On Going Research
Ancestors to research
Nicholas (Hale) Haile (bef.1679-1730)
Roger Williams (abt.1606-1683)
List of Links to research and print for the research archive
https://www.hollander-waas.com/blog/on-sephardic-surnames
http://travelsjewishhistory.blogspot.com/2010/10/masonic-jews.html?m=1
http://travelsjewishhistory.blogspot.com/2012/10/whats-in-name-part-i.html?m=1
https://rdc.reed.edu/c/jewishatl/home/bibliography
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12397-021-09364-4
https://www.aish.com/sp/so/After-500-Years-A-Return-to-Judaism.html?mobile=yes
https://kulanu.org/communities/crypto-jews/
https://www.heyalma.com/my-family-were-hidden-jews-for-over-500-years-not-anymore/amp/
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maimonides
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Marranos_in_England
https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195399301/obo-9780195399301-0190.xml
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exilarch
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davidic_line
https://www.genealogy.com/forum/surnames/topics/robeson/283/
https://www.thetorah.com/article/esau-the-ancestor-of-rome
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Pennsylvania
https://lib.nmu.edu/voices/jewish.php
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Tunisia
Papers to print, pdfs
Portuguese crypto-Jews: the genetic heritage of a complex history Inês Nogueiro, João C. Teixeira, [...], and Luis Alvarez https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4313780/
Names of Jews in Medieval Navarre (13th–14th centuries) Lidia Becker Germany
From Farmers to Merchants: A Human Capital Interpretation of Jewish Economic History∗ Maristella Botticini† and Zvi Eckstein‡ January 2003
https://www.brandeis.edu › T...PDF Web results The Jews of Rhode Island - Brandeis University https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.brandeis.edu/hornstein/sarna/introscommnets/Archive/TheJewsofRhodeIsland.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwj-6ujYpq_yAhVXZc0KHRpyCJoQFnoECAMQAQ&usg=AOvVaw17OYxEMMsvBaI4w4j8Ugm8
Jesse family newsletter https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.jessee.org/s/newsletter28.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwicoNmv5rfyAhWfm2oFHc5eCn44FBAWegQIAxAB&usg=AOvVaw2a4OLVce9xP7suARUD1ooj
JStor articles
https://www.jstor.org/stable/1387078 https://www.jstor.org/stable/24423265 https://www.jstor.org/stable/23273776
Related books to look at
The Forgotten Diaspora Jewish Communities in West Africa and the Making of the Atlantic World
https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/forgotten-diaspora/B4981211E896F223711A4EB6014F8DC3
Book of Jewish and Crypto-Jewish Surnames By Judith K. Jarvis, Susan L. Levin, Donald N. Yates
Jews and Muslims in British Colonial America: A Genealogical History By Elizabeth Caldwell Hirschman, Donald N. Yates
