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Saint-Pierre et Miquelon

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At the end of the Seven Years' War in 1763, the Acadians who were prisoners in Acadie were released. The British authorities did not allow them to return to their former lands as proprietors which had been destroyed or were occupied by New England Planters. They could live only in the interior of the peninsula in small family groups, and as long as they took an unconditional oath of allegiance to the King of England. However the majority of the prisoners rejected their offer which would have obliged them to take arms against the French, and Natives, in case of conflict. Many left the colony by their own means by leasing vessels, since the British refused to pay their passage, to French-controlled colonies like Saint-Domingue (now Haiti), Louisiana in the spring of 1765, and Saint-Pierre et Miquelon.

Also, in 1763, Ile Saint-Jean (Prince Edward Island) and Ile Royale (Cape Breton) were no longer going to be French. Acadians wrote a letter to the King, wishing to go to a French territory. [1] Several residents decided to seek a better life in Saint-Pierre et Miquelon.

See censuses in Saint-Pierre et Miquelon to find Acadians who were residents there in 1767, 1776, 1778, 1783, 1785, and 1793. [2]

In early October 1767, Acadians were expelled from Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon on the order of Louis XV because of the overpopulation of the islands. [3] These acadian refugees in France were recorded in a census in 1767, with the name of the ship on which they traveled from Miquelon, and the city where they disembarked. [2] Another source for ship lists here.[4]

In 1768, France reversed its position and decided to repopulate the islands. Many Acadians decided to return there.

In 1778 the islands of Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon were attacked, the homes destroyed, and all of the residents were deported by the British to France. [5]

Sketch of the archipelago's political cycle:[6]

1713-1763 British possession.
1763 French possession; French settlers & many Acadian refugees come.
1767 Paris decides the islands cannot support the influx & forces settlers to France.
1768 Paris reverses itself & the islands are repopulated.
1778 Britain seizes the islands because France supports the American Revolution. Settlers are deported to France.
1783 France regains the archipelago; resettlement.
1793 Local authorities support the French Revolution; many Acadian royalists leave for Magdalene Islands, especially for religious motives.
1794 British, opposing the French Revolution, seize the islands and imprison residents at Halifax for 2 years.
1796 French attack the islands and obliterate the infrastructure.
1796-1816 Archipelago uninhabited.
1816 onward, after Napoleonic Wars, French possession &

Place names (needs names for 1778-1796)

  • Nouvelle-France 1670 to 1713
  • Colony of St Peter's Island 1713-1763 (town name, Colony of St Peter's Island) British
  • Colonie de Saint-Pierre et Miquelon 1763-1778 (town name, Colonie de Saint-Pierre et Miquelon) French
  • ? British 1778-1783
  • ? French 1783-1793
  • ? British 1794-1796
  • 1796-1816 Uninhabited no name applies
  • Saint-Pierre et Miquelon 1816-1947 (town name, Saint-Pierre et Miquelon, France)
  • Territoire de Saint-Pierre et Miquelon 1947 to 18 July 1976 (town name, Territoire de Saint-Pierre et Miquelon, France)
  • Département de Saint-Pierre et Miquelon from 19 July 1976 to 10 June 1985 (town name, Département de Saint-Pierre et Miquelon, France)
  • Collectivité territoriale de Saint-Pierre et Miquelon after 11 June 1985 (town name, Collectivité territoriale de Saint-Pierre et Miquelon, France)

Changes in the governance of Saint-Pierre et Miquelon before 1816 [7]

1536–1713 France177 years
1713–1763 Great Britain 50
1763–1778 France15
1778–1783 Great Britain 5
1783–1793 France 10
1793–1796 Great Britain 3
1796–1802 Unclaimed 6
1802–1803 France 1
1803–1814 Great Britain 11
1814–1815 France <1
1815–1815 Great Britain <1
1815–Present France

Sources

  1. Liste of Inhabitants from Isle St Jean at Port LaJoye on 17th September, 1763 Letter to the King. List (Archived link) transcribed by Karen Theriot Reader (used with permission granted 5/22/20). Transcription and original published by Acadian.org "Rare list of P.E.I. Acadians intrigues N.B. researchers",
  2. 2.0 2.1 L'Arche musée et archives, Recensements, Saint-Pierre, Miquelon-Langlade et l'Ile-aux-Chiens, https://www.arche-musee-et-archives.net/fr/54-recensements.html
  3. Paul Delaney, "Chronologie des déportations et migrations des Acadiens,1755-1816," Les Cahiers de la Société historique acadienne, vol. 36, nos 2-3, (septembre 2005) pp. 52-86; :https://societehistoriqueacadienne.files.wordpress.com/2018/04/3602_total.pdf
    Translation at Acadian & French Canadian Ancestral Home, Translation: "The Chronology of Deportations and Migrations of the Acadians 1755-1816."
  4. Michel Poirier, Les Acadiens aux îles Saint-Pierre et Miquelon 1758-1828: 3 déportations, 30 années d'exil, Éditions d'Acadie, Moncton, N.-B, 1984 https://archive.org/details/lesacadiensauxil0000poir/page/8/mode/2up
  5. History of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Acadian.org, Website, https://www.acadian.org/history/history-saint-pierre-miquelon/
  6. Written by John DeRoche citing Wikipedia, "History of Saint Pierre and Miquelon," accessed 3 May 2020 at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon. Taken with gratitude in the profile of Jacques Douville
  7. Meghann Livingston and Catherine Losier, "From the Sea, Work: Investigating Historical French Landscapes and Lifeways at Anse à Bertrand, Saint-Pierre et Miquelon," Northeast Historical Archaeology, Vol. 50, 2021, p. 78, https://www.arche-musee-et-archives.net/files/file/Archives/Arch%C3%A9o%20Anse%20%C3%A0%20Bertrand/1556_Livingston_Losier_compressed.pdf




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