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Slaves of John Davidson

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Location: Troup, Georgia, United Statesmap
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Contents

Introduction

Slaves of John Davidson

On this page you will find information on those enslaved by John William Davidson across his time as a planter in Harris County, Georgia. The record begins with the 1820 census, continues through 1830, 1840, 1850, and 1860 records, and concludes with his will in 1862 and the distribution of the enslaved to the legatees of the estate.

1820 census

The 1820 census is the first record available at this time to document the beginning of John William Davidson's engagement in slavery.

Slaves - Females - Under 14: 3
Slaves - Females - 14-25:1
Total Slaves: 4 [1] Slaves of John Davidson

1830 census

A decade later in 1830, the census demonstrates Davidson has increased the number of enslaved under his control.

Slaves-Males - Under 10:4
Slaves - Males - 24-35:2
Slaves - Females - Under 10: 5
Slaves - Females - 10-23: 4
Slaves - Females - 24-35: 1
Slaves - Females - 36-54:

[2]

The number of enslaved females on the property has grown from 4 to 11 with 5 under 10; 4 in or entering the childbearing period (10-23 years of age), 1 in the 24-35 or the upper childbearing period; and 2 in the significantly older category (36-54 years of age). Unlike 1820, when Davidson only had enslaved females on his property, he now held 6 males of disparate ages--4 under 10 and 2 over 24.

1840 census

There is little difference between the numbers of the 1830 census (17) and the 1840 census (18). [3]

Slaves - Males - Under 10: 3
Slaves - Males - 10 thru 23:1
Slaves - Males - 24 thru 35: 4
Slaves - Males - 36 thru 54: 1
Slaves - Females - 10 thru 23: 7
Slaves - Females - 24 thru 35: 1
Slaves - Females - 36 thru 54: 1
Persons Employed in Agriculture:17
Total Slaves; 18
Total All Persons - Free White, Free Colored, Slaves;29

Among the enslaved, there are 3 young males under 10 and more males in the mature categories of 24 to 35 (4) when they would be at their peak strength. Among the women, however, 7 individuals are in the 10-23 year range, where they were, or about to become, of childbearing capacity. As before, only 2 enslaved women, are in the 24-54 year age group.

The pattern of ages among the various census listings of enslaved (1820, 1830, and 1840), suggests Davidson was active in the purchase and sale of enslaved individuals, holding onto some with special skills or tasks, but shifting others out as individuals aged and the enterprise's needs changed.

1850 slave schedule

In the 1850 U.S. Federal Census—Slave Schedule, John Davidson is listed as residing in Negro Heel, (the District name at that time) Harris, Georgia, USA.

The form is described as “Schedule 2. Slave Inhabitants in Negro Heel District in the County of Harris, State of Georgia” The census taker signs himself as “T.P. Redding”, Assistant Marshall. There are 4 pages (microfiche of each) for the Negro Hill District 1850 slave census.

There are 49 individuals listed in the schedule. Davidson’s list is found right above William Rivers (another local with a large number of enslaved individuals). Davidson's enslaved are listed in two columns. The first column starts mid-page at #16, runs to the bottom of the page (#38), the list continues at the top of the page in column #2 (#1 to #26).

In the table below, the individuals are numbered to show the full count of the enslaved. This table then identifies each person in the way they appear in the slave schedule, by column (1 or 2) and number in that column (16-38 or 1-26). C1/16 would be Column 1, #16 or the very first individual listed as enslaved by John Davidson. Subsequent columns list age, sex (F and M), and race (Black or Mulatto).


#Column/RowAgeSexRace
1C1/1638FB
2C1/1750FB
3C1/1850MB
4C1/1935MB
5C1/2030MB
6C1/2135MB
7C1/2230MM
8C1/2330MM
9C1/2419MB
10C1/2519MB
11C1/2630FB
12C1/2730FB
13C1/2830FM
14C1/2930FB
15C1/3030FB
16C1/312FB
17C1/3227FB
18C1/3327FB
19C1/3427FB
20C1/3519FB
21C1/3624FB
22C1/3724FB
23C1/3811MB
24C2/19MB
25C2/29FB
26C2/39FB
27C2/49FB
28C2/59FB
29C2/69FB
30C2/79FB
31C2/86MB
32C2/96MB
33C2/105MB
34C2/115MB
35C2/125MB
36C2/133MB
37C2/1415MB
38C2/156FB
39C2/165FB
40C2/174FB
41C2/183FB
42C2/192FB
43C2/201FB
44C2/2127MB
45C2/2227MB
46C2/2330MB
47C2/247MB
48C2/257MB
49C2/269FB

To give some context to these numbers:

27 of the enslaved were female and 22 were male.
3 are listed as Mulatto and 46 were listed as Black.

Regarding the ages of the individuals

Over 40: 2 (both 50)
30-40: 12 (of which 9 are listed as 30 years of age)
20-30: 7
12-20: 4
Under 12: 24


The large number of girls age 9 (There were 7), about to reach the age of menopause, as well as the large numbers of younger children (Overall, 24 under 12, which is almost half of the enslaved totals, gives rise to a suspicion that Davidson may have consciously relied upon a strategy of increase through births. There are also signs of this at play in the 1862 listing of the enslaved.)

Within the four pages of the 1850 slave census for the Negro Hill District, several other Davidsons and names connected to them are listed as slaveholders.

Page 1:

Nathaniel Hutchinson (husband of Nancy Davidson?): 5 enslaved
Alfonse and John Myhand (a Myhand was a signatory to John Davidson’s will): 7 enslaved
Albert Davidson (oldest son of John Davidson): 3 enslaved
Thomas Winston (John’s daughter, Mercy Ann, married John Winston, I believe this might be his father): 19 enslaved ( their main plantation was across the river in Chambers Co, AL).
Another Hutchinson is also listed: 5 enslaved

Page 2:

Isaiah Davidson (John’s 3rd son): 6 enslaved

Page 3:

John Davidson has the largest # of enslaved on this page (49).
William Rivers is listed after him: 11 enslaved

Although most of the enslavers are men, there are some women who are listed as slaveholders (exp. Pg 3, Martha Aschus has one enslaved 60 year old woman with her. )

Page 4:

Samuel Myhand: 5 enslaved

There are columns in the census for “Fugitive from the State”, “Number manumitted” and “Deaf, Dumb, blind, insane, or idiotic,” but neither Davidson, nor his fellow slaveholders, provided information in these columns. [4]

1860 U.S. Federal Census Slave Schedule

The 1860 slave schedule was published two years before John William Davidson's death in 1862. There are 87 enslaved listed, starting from the oldest (65) and going to the youngest (1).[5]

#Column & RowAgeGenderRace
Page 79, Column 2
1c2/r3665MB
2c2/r3760MB
3c2/r3860FB
4c2/r3958MB
Page 80, Column 1
5c1/r158FB
6c1/r255MB
7c1/r354FB
8c1/r450?FB
9c1/r550?MB
10c1/r645MB
11c1/r740FB
12c1/r835FB
13c1/r935MB
14c1/r1035MB
15c1/r1130MB
16c1/r1230MB
17c1/r1330MB
18c1/r1430MB
19c1/r1530FB
20c1/r1630FB
21c1/r1730FB
22c1/r1830FB
23c1/r1930FB
24c1/r2025FB
26c1/r2125MB
27c1/r2225MB
28c1/r2325MB
29c1/r2425MB
30c1/r2525MB
31c1/r2625MB
32C1/r2720MB
33C1/r2820MB
34c1/r2920MB
35c1/r3020MB
36c1/r3120MB
37c1/r3220FB
38c1/r3320FB
39c1/r3420FB
40c1/r3520FB
41c1/r3620FB
42c1/r3718FB
43c1/3818FB
44c1/3918FB
45c1/4018FB
Page 80, Column 2
46c2/r118MB
47c2/r218MB
48c2/r317MB
49c2/r417FB
50c2/r516FB
51c2/r616FB
52c2/r716MB
53c2/r812MB
54c2/r912MB
55c2/r1012FB
56c2/r1112FB
57c2/r1212FB
58c2/r1312FB
59c2/r1410FB
60c2/r1510FB
61c2/r1610FB
62c2/r1710MB
63c2/r1810MB
64c2/r1910MM(?)
65c2/r208MB
66c2/r218MB
67c2/r228FB
68c2/r238FB
69c2/r247MB
70c2/r257MB
71c2/r266MB
72c2/r276MB
73c2/r286MB
74c2/r296FB
75c2/r306FB
75c2/r316FB
76c2/r326FB
77c2/r335FB
78c2/r345MB
79c2/r355MB
80c2/r364MB
81c2/r374FB
82c2/r384FB
83c2/r392MB
84c2/r402MB
Page 81, Column 1
85c1/r11MB
86c1/r21MB
87c1/r31FB

1862 Probate Inventory of Enslaved

The following is a list of those enslaved by John Davidson based on Harris County, Georgia Probate files. See John Davidson profile for links to source documents

Here are the names of those enslaved as listed in the appraisal of the estate of John Davidson.

John Davidson Estate – 1862 inventory of 94 enslaved persons

Number Name(s) Age Appraised Value

1 Greene 48 750.00
2 Emanuel 28 850.00
3 Thomas 24 1350.00
4 Martha and three children
5 Josephine
6 Laura
7 James 1800.00
8 Nathan 42 1000.00
9 Alice 37 700.00
10 Tom Raglance? 1000.00
11 Andrew 45 1000.00
12 Joannah and 2 chil. 26
13 Warren 3
14 Lany? 9 1500.00
15 Matilda 11 800.00
16 Elbert 42 900.00
17 Lydia 44 550.00
18 Cloe 12 850.00
19 Sam 8 750.00
20 Betty 4 350.00
21 Polly and 2 children
22 (not named)
23 (not named) 1400.00
24 Eady 40 600.00
25 Harriet 27 850.00
26 Calvin 11 850.00
27 Ike 47 750.00
28 Ellen 24 1000.00
29 Jess 8 750.00
30 Bob 22 1200.00
31 Chaney 38 400.00
32 Harry 4 350.00
33 Jim 30 900.00
34 Patsy and 2 children
35 (not named)
36 (not named) 1300.00
37 Sandy 43 850.00
38 Martha 20 1400.00
39 Patience and 2 children 37
40 Margarett 4
41 Larkin 1 ½ 1150.00
42 George 21 1350.00
43 Taylor 18 1400.00
44 Victoria 16 1100.00
45 Ireney? 14 1100.00
46 Louisiana 12 1000.00
47 Lisia 10 900.00
48 Jerry 7 700.00
49 John 6 600.00
50 Frank 50 750.00
51 Mary and 1 child 36
52 Josh 4 1100.00
53 Will 20 1400.00
54 Angeline 16 1100.00
55 Carey 12 1000.00
56 Poney 8 700.00
57 Jimmy 6 600.00
58 Adeline 37 750.00
59 Aaron 20 1250.00
60 Nelson 16 1000.00
61 Alford 13 1200.00
62 Gatsey and child 24
63 Francis 3 1400.00
64 Sealy 39 650.00
65 Lewis 22 750.00
66 Tilda 14 900.00
67 Milly 12 800.00
68 Reuben 7 600.00
69 Martha 41 550.00
70 Amanda 17 1100.00
71 Lizah 10 700.00
72 Charles 39 900.00
73 Suidy and 2 children 35
74 (not named)
75 (not named) 1000.00
76 Daffney 18 1000.00
77 Henry 16 1000.00
78 Ellick 14 900.00
79 Louisa 12 800.00
80 Caroline 8 650.00
81 Missouri 5 350.00
82 Melia 3 250.00
83 Champ 34 900.00
84 Sophia and 2 Children 31
85 Sealy 4
86 Scott 9 months 1500.00
87 Richmond 12 1100.00
88 Uellana? 9 750.00
89 Fannie 6 500.00
90 Bill 30 1250.00
91 Lize 30 1400.00
92 Flem 40 900.00
93 Sarah 30 800.00
94 Annabellella 56 150.00

In his will of 1860, written and witnessed two years before his death, John Davidson, specified the following bequeath to his wife Elizabeth:

Fourthly I give and bequeath to my beloved wife, for and during her natural life only, the following negro slaves to wit:- Champion, a man about thirty years old, and his wife named Sophy, and their children, Richmond, Fanny and Sally, -- a negro woman named Gatsey, and negro boy named John Francis and negro man named Bob about twenty one or two years old; and at her death the said negroes to be equally divided between all of my children (except Nancy Hutchinson and Mercy Ann Grant.)
He stated the rest of his "Negro property" was to be lotted off.

Two years later in 1862, after his death, the probate was undertaken, requiring an inventory of all his property. There were 11 legates to the estate of John Davidson involved in the disbursement of the people he enslaved.. Those named above were divided in to 11 groupings. See the details in the estate papers. Here is a table of the legatees.

Please Note that the full inventory of those he had enslaved included all of those that were considered his property, meaning the enslaved he had named in his 1860 will that were going to his widow AND the enslaved that would be distributed to his heirs in 11 groupings. Between the writing of the will (1860) and the inventory for probate (1862) some changes occurred.

Please note that Champion (83) and Sophia (84) who were willed to Elizabeth Davidson had a child (Scott-9 months) that was not listed in the 1860 will, although all other children of Champion and Sophia were described in the will (Richmond, Sallie, and Fannie). Although not clearly stated, we can assume he is considered willed to Elizabeth Davidson also.

In the will, the name Sallie, daughter of Champion and Sophia, appears, but in the probate inventory this same person is described as "Sealy". There is also another Sealy (#64) in the inventory. I believe that the two "Sealy's" in the inventory are both Sallies. The writer of the will and the probate document are different people. The writer of the probate inventory appears to be using phonetic spelling and may not have the same level of education as the person who wrote the will.

Gatsey and child should also be noted. In the will Gatsey and a boy named John Francis are willed to Elizabeth Davidson. In the inventory, Gatsey (#62) is listed next to Francis (#63). She is 24 and he is 3, and they are valued as one, so we can assume they are mother and child. Francis is probably the John Francis described in the will.

Matched
Whitfield Davidson1Y
William Davidson2Y
Elias Davidson3Y
Albert Davidson4N
John W Davidson5N
F R Davidson6
Carlton Davidson7
Perry G Davidson8
Isaiah Davidson9
Larkin Davidson10
Missouri Johnson11

Research In Progress

NameAgeValuationNotesDistributee
1Greene38750Larkin Davidson
2Emanuel28850
3Thomas241350William Davidson
4Martha 'and three children'1800Mother of Josephine Laura and JamesWilliam Davidson
5Josephinedaughter of MarthaWilliam Davidson
6Lauradaughter of MarthaWilliam Davidson
7Jamesson of MarthaWilliam Davidson
8Nathan421000Whitfield Davidson
9Alice37700Whitfield Davidson
10Tom Raglance?1000Whitfield Davidson
11Andrew451000Larkin Davidson
12Joannah 'and two children'261500Mother of Warren and LanyLarkin Davidson
13Warren3son of JoannahLarkin Davidson
14Lany9son of Joannah (may be 9 m for months)Larkin Davidson
15Matilda11800Larkin Davidson
16Elbert42900Carlton Davidson
17Lydia44550Carlton Davidson
18Cloe12850
19Sam8750Carlton Davidson
20Betty4350Carlton Davidson
21Polly 'and two children'1400Mother of two not namedWhitfield Davidson
22 'not named'not named child of Polly[[Davidson-17165|Whitfield Davidson
23 'not named'not named child of Polly[[Davidson-17165|Whitfield Davidson
24Eady40600Carlton Davidson
25Harriet27850Perry G Davidson
26Calvin11850Perry G Davidson
27Ike47750Albert Davidson
28Ellen241000Albert Davidson
29Jess8750Albert Davidson
30Bob221200See Will aboveElizabeth Davidson (widow)
31Chaney38400Wife of Nathan who had been Negro Overseer manumitted to take on this role Albert?
32Harry4350Son of Chaney & Nathan?Albert?
33Jim30900
34Patsy 'and two children'1300Mother of two not namedF R Davidson
35 'not named'not named child of PatsyF R Davidson
36 'not named'not named child of PatsyF R Davidson
37Sandy43850
38Martha201400
39Patience 'and two children'371150Mother of Margarett and Larkin
40Margarett4daughter of Patience
41Larkin1.5son of Patience
42George211350
43Taylor181400See Martin DavidsonJohn W Davidson
44Victoria161100
45Ireney?141100
46Louisiana121000distributed as Louisa?Carlton Davidson
47Lisia10900Perry G Davidson
48Jerry7700Perry G Davidson
49John6600Albert Davidson
50Frank50750John W Davidson
51Mary 'and one child'361100Mother of Josh
52Josh4son of Mary
53Will201400Missouri Johnson
54Angeline161100Elias Davidson
55Carey121000Missouri Johnson
56Poney8700Distributed as ParyMissouri Johnson
57Jimmy6600Distributed as JennyJohn W Davidson
58Adeline37750Isaiah Davidson
59Aaron201250Isaiah Davidson
60Nelson161000Isaiah Davidson
61Alford131200Isaiah Davidson
62Gatsey 'and child'241400Mother of (John) Francis: See Will aboveElizabeth Davidson (widow)
63(John) Francis3son of Gatsey: See Will aboveElizabeth Davidson (widow)
64Sealy (Sallie)39650 See #85Albert Davidson
65Lewis22750Elias Davidson
66Tilda14900Isaiah Davidson
67Milly12800Elias Davidson
68Reuben7600Albert Davidson
69Martha41550
70Amanda171100John W Davidson
71Lizah10700
72Charles39900
73Suidy 'and 2 children'351000Mother of two not namedJohn W Davidson
74 'not named'not named child of SuidyJohn W Davidson
75 'not named'not named child of SuidyJohn W Davidson
76Daffney181000William Davidson
77Henry161000
78Ellick14900
79Louisa12800Whitfield Davidson
80Caroline8650
81Missouri5350Elias Davidson
82Melia3250
83Champ34900Elizabeth Davidson (widow)
84Sophia 'and 2 children'311500Mother of Sealy (Sallie?) and ScottElizabeth Davidson (widow)
85Sealy (Sallie?)4 Child #1See will aboveElizabeth Davidson (widow)
86Scott9 months Child #2 conceived and born after 1860 willElizabeth Davidson (widow)
87Richmond121100 mentioned in 1860 willElizabeth Davidson (widow)
88Uellana?9750
89Fannie6500 mentioned in 1860 willElizabeth Davidson (widow)
90Bill301250F R Davidson
91Lize301400
92Flem40900Elias Davidson
93Sarah30800Elias Davidson
94Annabellella56150William Davidson

Each of the 11 legatees received a group of enslaved people approximately equivalent to $5,311.36. After the legatees had drawn their numbers, those that had received an allotment above this amount paid into a shared fund, and those that had received an allotment under this amount received a distribution from this fund.

In addition there were nine individuals (8 mentioned in the 1860 will plus an increase of one--Scott), who were assigned to John Davidson's widow, Elizabeth.

See Unnamed Children John Davidson Estate

Research Notes

I posted this in a forum before I decided the best minimum course of action is to document what I've done to date. Here is how I described my work in progress dilemma.

Perhaps someone would like to offer some input on the following. I have a network of families of enslavers where the descendants of those they enslaved frequently intermarried. My son goes back to a Winston family and I have those folks mostly documented with a few open todos. We have the Davidsons they intermarried with. I've identified the enslaver of the Davidsons and prior to joining this project I had documented the lists from the probate files of those enslaved and the distribution list. There were 94 enslaved persons listed, and a distribution list of 11 legatees. But let's say I only have about 80 percent correlation between the list of enslaved and the lists of the persons received by each legatee. My supposition is (a) transcription errors on my part plus (b) differences between given, middle or nicknames on the two lists. Sometimes there can be a guessed at correlation based on the values given on each list. But even there I find variations. My supposition is there were compromises on the valuation (some up/some down) to work the numbers so each legatee would be shown with an approximate equal distribution. (cont.) My dilema is this is kind of a side project to my Winston work and I don't want to move on from that just yet. But there is a marriage to someone I believe comes from the Davidsons. There is a distributed Martin, that seems to correlate with the name Taylor in the inventory. The valuations agree, and the ages are pretty close. I'm thinking of creating tables in the profile of the Davidson enslaver with my correlations as they are, and leave it as a future to-do to improve that documentation. I think I want to create the profile for Martin and document my supposition that he is AKA Taylor. And then go back to my mainline research. Thoughts? Is there any group of helpers with expertise in resolving such list discrepancies?

Link to Heard Family Research blog on John Davidson Estate

Sources

  1. 1820 Census: "1820 United States Federal Census"
    1820 U S Census; Census Place: Capt Hutchinsons District, Warren, Georgia; Page: 274; NARA Roll: M33_7; Image: 258
    Ancestry Sharing Link - Ancestry Record 7734 #1434787 (accessed 29 January 2023)
    John Davidson in Capt Hutchinsons District, Warren, Georgia.
  2. 1830 Census: "1830 United States Federal Census"
    Year: 1830; Census Place: Warren, Georgia; Series: M19; Roll: 21; Page: 215; Family History Library Film: 0007041
    Ancestry Sharing Link - Ancestry Record 8058 #962783 (accessed 29 January 2023)
    John Davidson in Warren, Georgia.
  3. 1840 Census: "1840 United States Federal Census"
    Year: 1840; Census Place: Slaughters District, Harris, Georgia; Roll: 43; Page: 265; Family History Library Film: 0007044
    Ancestry Sharing Link - Ancestry Record 8057 #1759158 (accessed 13 May 2022)
    John Davidson.
  4. Georgia > Harris > Negro Heel: "1850 U.S. Federal Census - Slave Schedules"
    Georgia > Harris > Negro Heel
    Ancestry Sharing Link - Ancestry Image (accessed 23 February 2023)
  5. 1860 U.S. Federal Census - Slave Schedules: "1860 U.S. Federal Census - Slave Schedules"
    Georgia > Harris > Georgia Militia District 781
    Ancestry Sharing Link - Ancestry Image (accessed 1 April 2023)
    Albert Davidson.

John Davidson Inventory of 94 enslaved persons

John Davidson Estate - Division of the Negroes

John Davidson index entry for probate documents





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