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Resources Page Provincia of Sonora

Privacy Level: Open (White)
Date: 1563 to 1848
Location: North Americamap
Surnames/tags: Nueva_España New_Spain
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Provincia of Sonora in Nueva España or New Spain Colony in what would become part of the USA. To the north, it shares the U.S.–Mexico border with the states of Arizona and New Mexico, and on the west has a significant share of the coastline of the Gulf of California. Named Nueva Andalucia in 1637, but renamed Sonora in 1648. The Free and Sovereign State of Sonora is the present day name.

Mary Richardson, Allan Thomas are the leaders of this sub-project along with Judy Wardlow on a more limited basis at this time. If you have any questions, or would like to see something specific addressed on this colony please consult with them.


Contents

Colony Origin/History

Timeline


1533 Captain Diego de Guzman, leader of an expedition to discover lands north of the Spanish settlements, encountered the Yaqui


1563 Spanish conquistador Francisco de Ibarra founded El Fuerte El Fuerte served as the gateway to the vast frontiers of the northern territories of Sonora, Arizona and California, all of which were sparsely populated by unyielding tribes of native amerindians.


1565 Francisco de Ibarra attempted, but failed, to establish a Spanish settlement in Yaqui territory;


1610 A peace agreement brought presents from the Spanish.The initial attraction of Sonora for the Spanish was its fertile farmlands along the river valleys and its position as part of a corridor that linked Mexico City and the Mexican highlands (Mexico City area) up the Pacific coast and on into Arizona and points north.


1617 The first visit of Jesuit missionaries. This partnership thrieved for 120 years. The Jesuits persuaded the Yaqui to settle into eight towns: Pótam, Vícam, Tórim, Bácum, Cócorit, Huirivis, Benem, and Rahum;


1684 The Spanish colonists in Sonora, discovered silver in the Rio Yaqui Valley; Álamos in the Mexican state of Sonora was founded in the late 17th century following discoveries of silver in the region

1691 What are now the states of Sonora and Sinaloa were joined into an entity called the Provincias de Sonora, Ostimuri y Sinaloa. They would remain as such through the rest of the colonial period until 1823


1730 Spanish settlers and miners began encroaching on Yaqui land in Sonora. This created unrest among the Yaqui and led to a brief but bloody Yaqui and Mayo revolt in 1740;


1740 The Yaquis united their tribe with the neighboring Mayo, Opata, and Pima natives and successfully drove the colonists out by 1742. Part of the reason for the rebellion was that the Jesuits as well as the secular Spanish were exploiting the indigenous peoples. This rebellion destroyed the reputation of the Jesuit mission system


1810- 1821 Mexican Incdependce from Spain Mexican War of Independence from Spain;


1824 Under the Constitution of 1824 Sonora y Sinaloa was a single state of the Mexican Republic. The state constitution adopted on 31 October 1825 used the name Estado de Occidente;


1828 The Occidente government reasserted its right to tax the Yaqui, as well as proposing a plan for allotting the Yaqui lands;


1830 Due to constant internal disputes, the state was divided into two states: Sonora and Sinaloa. The territory of Sinaloa corresponds to that of the modern-day state of the same name;


1846-1848 The Mexican–American War, also known as the Mexican War, the U.S.–Mexican War or the Invasion of Mexico;


1848 Mexican Cession of 1848 is a historical name in the United States for the region of the modern day southwestern United States that Mexico ceded to the U.S. in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Mexican Cession consist of present day U.S. states of California, Nevada, Utah, most of Arizona, about half of New Mexico, about a quarter of Colorado, and a small section of Wyoming;


1853 The Gadsden Purchase (known as Venta de La Mesilla, or Sale of La Mesilla, in Mexico) is a 29,640-square-mile region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that was purchased by the United States in a treaty signed by James Gadsden, the American ambassador to Mexico at the time, on December 30, 1853;


1880-1910 Many of the indiginous people relocated in Arizona, New Mexico and Texas to avoid enslavement by the Pontifero Diaz regime. [1].

http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/p15799coll6


Government Structure

Original Structure

By the time was Provincia of Sonora created the Spanish had an efficient and relatively successful system for expanding Spanish culture and politics to new lands. However the indigenous people of Sonora were never totally subdued until they were forced into exile and slavery in the early years of the 20th Century. The system that embodied in the Laws of the Indies and included the construction of missions and presidios and the formation of civil settlements worked until the Jesuits were expelled by the crown. Sonora was divided into several departments. Departments were subdivided into municipalities, which were governed by alcaldes, similar to a modern-day mayor. Each municipality also had an elected ayuntamiento, similar to a city council.

Evolution of Government Structure

Mexico states evolution

1512 The Laws of Burgos, signed by King Ferdinand II of Aragon, focused upon the welfare of the conquered native peoples

1542 Leyes Nuevas, issued November 20, 1542 by King Charles I of Spain regarding the Spanish colonization of the Americas, are also known as the "New Laws of the Indies for the Good Treatment and Preservation of the Indians", and were created to prevent the exploitation of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas by the Encomenderos (large enterprise landowners) by strictly limiting their power and dominion.

1548 Royal Audiencia of Guadalajarawas the highest tribunal of the Spanish crown in what is today northern Mexico and the southwestern United States in the Viceroyalty of New Spain. It was created by royal decree on February 13, 1548, and was originally located in Compostela and permanently seated in Guadalajara in 1560. Its president was the chief political and executive officer of the district, subordinated only to the viceroy of Mexico

1573 The Laws of the Indies were an attempt to guide and regularize the establishment of presidios (military towns), missions, and pueblos (civilian towns), King Phillip II developed the first version of the Laws of the Indies.


1776 Provincias Internasor Commandancy General of the Internal Provinces of the North was a colonial, administrative district of the Spanish Empire, created to provide more autonomy for the frontier provinces in the Viceroyalty of New Spain, present day northern Mexico and southwestern United States. The goal of its creation was to establish a unified government in political, military and fiscal affairs.

1821-1823 The Mexican Empire (Imperio Mexicano) was the official name of independent Mexico under a monarchical regime, Agustín de Iturbide, was proclaimed emperor of Mexico.

1824 Constitution of Mexico The Federal Constitution of the United Mexican States of 1824 (Spanish: Constitución Federal de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos de 1824) was enacted on October 4 of 1824, after the overthrow of the Mexican Empire of Agustin de Iturbide. In the new constitution, the republic took the name of United Mexican States, and was defined as a representative federal republic, with Catholicism as the official and unique religion

1835 President Santa Anna revoked the Constitution of 1824. In October 1835, Santa Anna abolished all state governments.

Settlers

Migrating From the Northern Colonies

Ships

Native Americans

Sonora is home to eight indigenous peoples, including the Mayo, the Yaqui and the Seri

The Yaqui or Yoeme are Native Americans whose ancestors originated in the valley of the Río Yaqui in the northern Mexican state of Sonora. Many Yaqui still live in their ancestral homeland. The Pascua Yaqui Tribe is based in Tucson, Arizona. Yaqui people live elsewhere in what is now the southwestern United States, especially California.[2]

Slaves

Economic Resources and Information

NOTE: Relevant to the individual colony


Conflicts Within The Colony

NOTE: From the establishment of the colony until the inclusion in the USA.

Research Resources

WikiTree Resources

Nueva Espana Some of Provinces of Nueva Espana and later Mexico

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Free Resources

Paid Resource Sites

  • Ancestry.com
  • State maps available at: Digital Topo Maps. NOTE: A disclaimer is required when used. This can be placed under the comments on the photo page.
  • http://www.fold3.com/ Fold3 - Annual Membership, $79.95. Coupons and discounts are available online for certain groups, including veterans. An Ancestry site. Has many military record images (not all), census records. Navigation/searches can be difficult. Record images are very good.
  • http://go.fold3.com/special/?iid=446 7 Day Free Trial - could be used if you amass a number of searches and complete them at one time. NOTE: Check the project page for members who are willing to do a lookup based upon their membership.
  • “The Historic Mexican and Mexican American Press”

Photos and Images

http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/p15799coll65

Sources for this Page

  1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaqui_Wars
  2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaqui




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December 8, 2014

posted by Paula J

Categories: Nueva Navarra | Sonora