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Stirling Castle, Stirling, Stirlingshire One Place Study

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Stirling Castle, Stirling, Stirlingshire One Place Study

This profile is part of the Stirling Castle, Stirling, Stirlingshire One Place Study.
{{One Place Study|place=Stirling Castle, Stirling, Stirlingshire|category=Stirling Castle, Stirling, Stirlingshire One Place Study}}

Name

Stirling Castle, Stirling, Stirlingshire, Scotland


Geography

Continent: Europe
Sovereign State:
Country: Scotland
County: Stirlingshire
GPS Coordinates: 56.123889, -3.947778
Elevation: 94.0 m or 308.4 feet


Geology

The castle sits atop Castle Hill, an intrusive crag, which forms part of the Stirling Sill geological formation.


Overview

Stirling Castle has been a fortress, and a royal residence throughout the centuries, as well as the scene of murder, royal births, deaths, and thirteen sieges.


Historical Highlights

[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]

12th Century

1107-1115 - First written record of the castle on the rock was when Alexander I of Scotland (son of Malcolm III and Margaret of Wessex) endows a chapel here.

1124 - Alexander I of Scotland died in the castle.

1174 - William the Lion, King of Scots was captured by the English and had to give up Stirling Castle as a ransom for his release.


13th Century

1214 - William I (aka William the Lion) of Scotland died in the castle.

1296 – 1346 - The 50 year Anglo-Scottish Wars (aka the Wars for Scottish Independence) were a series of military conflicts between the Kingdom of England and Kingdom of Scotland. The castle changed hands eight times during these years.

1296 - Edward I of England take control of the castle.

1297 - Scots retake castle following defeat of English by William Wallace at Stirling Bridge.

1298 - English retake the castle.

1299 -1300 - Scots retake the castle.


14th Century

1300 - The North gate is built by the Scots.

1304 - Edward I of England (aka The Hammer of the Scots) besieged Stirling Castle again and retakes control using a massive sized trebuchet called 'Warwolf'.

1314 - English surrender castle after Robert Bruce’s victory at Bannockburn.

1315 - Robert the Bruce ordered the castle destroyed.

1336 - English retake the castle (or what is left of it) from the Scots and under Edward III of England had it rebuilt.

1342 - Robert the Steward, later Robert II of Scotland blocks food and water supply deliveries to the castle and the English garrison eventually have to surrender to the Scots.


15th Century

1424 - James I of Scotland held a parliament at the castle.

1425 - James I had the Stewart's of Albany (aka Stewart's of Balquhidder) executed in the castle.

1452 - James III was born in the castle.

1452 - James II of Scotland invites William, the 8th Earl of Douglas, to Stirling Castle. James demands that Douglas end an alliance with the MacDonald's. In the argument that follows Douglas is stabbed to death.

1463 - James III repaired the castle. and he added a workshop for casting cannons in 1475.

1475 - James III added a workshop for casting cannons.

1486 - Margaret of Denmark, James III's queen, dies in the castle.


16th Century

1500 - The exterior fore-work is built on the orders of James IV.

1501-1504 - James IV's Great Hall, the largest in Scotland, is built.

1507 - John Damian attempts to fly from the walls with feathered wings. He only makes it to the dunghill below.

1513 - James V of Scotland is crowned in the Chapel Royal, aged 17 months.

1522 - John Erskine was appointed keeper of the ten-year-old King James V of Scotland of Stirling Castle.

1540 - The Royal Palace is built on orders of James V of Scotland.

1543 - At the age of just nine months Mary was crowned Mary Queen of Scots in Stirling Castle's Chapel Royal after the death of her father James V. She lived at the castle for most of the first five years.

1545 - The French Spur gun battery is built to defend the castle’s vulnerable eastern flank.

1561 - After her return from France, Mary Queen of Scots bed catches fire from a candle. She survives the ordeal.

1566 - Mary Queen of Scots son Charles James was baptised on 17 December in a Catholic ceremony held at the castle.

1566 - James VI crowned at the castle at only age 13 months when his mother was forced to abdicate.

1570 - George Buchanan came to the castle to be a tutor to James VI.

1578 - Twelve year old James VI of Scotland presided over a meeting of the Scottish Parliament in the Great Hall.

1594 - James VI of Scotland tears down and rebuilds the Chapel Royal for the baptism of his son Prince Henry.


17th Century

1603 - Scotland and England are united and James VI of Scotland became King James I of Great Britain.

1618 - James VI of Scotland, I of England visits the castle.

1650 - Charles II of England visits the castle.

1651 - Parliamentarian army under English Lieutenant-General George Monck takes the castle from Scots royalists.

1689 - Grand Battery built during first Jacobite rising.


18th Century

1708-1714 - Outer defence walls and a dry ditch at the castle entrance were created.

1711-1714 An extra floor was inserted into the hall to serve as military housing.

1746 - Bonnie Prince Charlie failed at an attempt to storm the castle.

1790-1799 - Two more floors were added to the Great Hall when it served as a barracks during Britain’s war against revolutionary France.


19th Century

1809 - Esplanade parade ground was created.

1849 - Queen Victoria visits the castle.

1881-1964 - The castle serves as a military depot of Argyll and Seaforth Highlanders.


20th Century

1914 - King George V and Queen Mary visited the castle at had a meal with the troops housed here.

1947 Visit by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II.

1954 Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II visits and receives keys to the castle as the new queen of Great Britain.

1964 - The castle stops being a military depot and major restoration work on the Great Hall started which would late 30 years.

1971 - Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II visits the castle and inspects the progress of works inside the Great Hall .

1989 - Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II visits the Regimental Museum and reception at the Chapel Royal.

1991 - Stirling Castle was placed under the guardianship of Historic Environment Scotland.

1999 - The restored Great Hall was reopened to the public by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II.


21st Century

2001-2014 - The weaving of the 'Stirling Tapestries' is funded by Historic Environment Scotland.

2007 - Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II visits to celebrate her 60th anniversary as Colonel-in-Chief of the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders with a grand banquet in our Great Hall.

2008 - Work starts on a £12 million project to refurbish the palace of James V.

2010 - Skeletons discovered beneath the medieval chapel include a medieval knight and lady.

2010 - Replica Stirling Heads completed and used to recreate a lost palace ceiling.

2011 - Her majesty Queen Elizabeth II and His Royal Highness the Duke of Edinburgh unveiled the plaque and officially re-open the refurbished royal palace apartments. The project was managed by Historic Environment Scotland and took five years and cost £12 million.

2011 - Palace of James V opens to the public.

2017 - Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II visits for the 70th anniversary in this role. Friend of the castle Cruachan, the Regimental Pony mascot, was present for this visit.

2021 - After a three-year refurbishment, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II arrived to re-open the brand new Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders Museum at Stirling Castle. This would be her last visit before her death in 2022.


Castle Points of Interest

[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]

The Access Gallery

Located in the Outer Close beside The Vaults, this gallery has displays, images about the royal palace and the many crafts involved in creating its furniture and décor.


The Castle Exhibition

The exhibition is housed in vaults accessed via the Queen Anne Garden. Known as 'Casemates', they were built as part of the castle’s massive Outer Defences in 1708–14.


The Chapel Royal c.1594

Chapel Royal was completed by James VI in time for the christening of son Prince Henry. It is a simple rectangular single story building on a sloping site.

The following century the chapel was heavily decorated by the artist Valentine Jenkins in preparation for the visit of Charles I in 1633.

In the 1900's the chapel building was used as canteen and training rooms for the military, and an upper floor was added which was used for stores.

A 30 year restoration started in the 1930's.


The Great Hall c.1503

Robert Cochrane designed and built this banquet hall for James IV. It is 138 feet long and 47 feet wide. It features five fireplaces, and hammer beam timber ceiling joists.

In the 1700’s extra floors were added in the hall for use as military barracks when the castle was a military base.

It underwent a renovation in the 1990's.


The Great Kitchens

Besides food, ale which was brewed as well which was usually done by women, called ‘ale wives’.


The Hunt of Unicorn Tapestries (aka The Stirling Tapestries) c.2014

A recreation series of seven hand-woven tapestries hangs on the walls of the Queen's Inner Hall in the Royal Palace. These

The tapestries were created in a £2 million project which took 13 years to complete and allow visitors to recapture the atmosphere of Scotland’s royal court.

The mythical unicorn is generally considered to be a symbol of purity. Since the 12th c., the unicorn has been associated with Scotland and used in coats of arms and on coins and continue to this day.


Queen Anne Gardens c.1400's

Located on the South side of the castle, the lawn became a bowling green in 1620.

Queen Anne ordered a more substantial gate be installed next to the garden, and thus they named it 'Queen Anne Gardens'.

The garden has two rose beds, one gold and one red with gold climbers at the back. There is a broad old fashioned herbaceous border which is at its best in July. The garden also boasts a heather and herb garden with labels indicating the ancient uses of these. The main showpiece, however, is the twin beech tree which is over 200 years old.

The Queen never visited the castle.


Regimental Museum

Located in the King’s Old Building, a display reflect the services of the Argyll and Sutherland Highlander Regiment and features military treasures and artifacts.


The Royal Palace c.1538

Used as the living quarters of royalty, both the King and Queen had three rooms that they used exclusively, those being the bedroom, inner hall, and outer hall (public greeting room).


The Stirling Heads c.1540

The Stirling Heads were commissioned by King James V to decorate the ceiling of his Inner Hall. They were also recreated in the Queen's inner hall.

Also included in the Heads are portraits of his glittering court, so noblemen and noblewomen, dressed in fashionable clothes of the day.


Stirling Heads Gallery

Located within the Royal Palace, this gallery displays the internationally important collection of 16th century oak roundels which once graced the ceilings of James V’s palace. Carved with images of kings, queens, nobles, Roman emperors and characters from the Bible and Classical mythology.


The Palace Vaults

The vaults consist of five different interactive areas.

The Musicians Vault– Music and instruments of the 1500s.

The Painter's Vault – Rare pigments were shipped in from all over the world to create gorgeous paints and dyes.

The Carvers Vault – Tools and techniques used to create the Stirling Heads and the stone carvings around the palace.

The Tailor's Vault – Fine fabrics, gold thread, gems and scented pomanders to ward off bad smells, all the secrets of a royal wardrobe.

The Jester's Vault – Jokes and japes fit for kings and queens


Memorials

[16][17][18][19]

2nd (South-African) Boer War Memorial (1899-1902)

Location: Mars Wark Cemetery (below Stirling Castle)

This memorial is on the esplanade of Stirling Castle, just beside the main entrance. The castle was for many years the HQ of the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders regiment.


Martyrs Memorial c.1859

Location: Old Town cemetery (below Stirling Castle)James VII and II was King of England and Ireland as James II, and King of Scotland as James VII

An ornate eight sided greenhouse that surrounds three stone figures. One is that of an angel. The other two represent two sisters, Margaret and Agnes Wilson, aged 18 and 13 respectively who lived in Newton Stewart near Wigtown and were followers of the Covenanters, an extreme Presbyterian group strongly opposed to the Anglican reforms of Charles II (1630-1685).

The sisters were arrested for their beliefs and along with Margaret McLauchlan, an elderly neighbour, all were tried for and found guilty of high treason and were sentenced to death by drowning. While Agnes’s father was able to buy her freedom the others were led to a point below high water mark on the treacherous Solway Firth, tied to stakes, and left to drown in the incoming tide.


Robert The Bruce Statue

Location: Adjacent to the Esplanade at Stirling Castle entrance

A stone sculpture depicting Robert the Bruce in chain mail with his hand on the pommel of his sword. To the back side is his shield and axe. Robert faces South, towards his greatest victory at the Battle of Bannockburn.


Star Pyramid (aka 'Salem Rock')

Location: Valley Lane cemetery Rd. (adjacent to the Esplanade at Stirling Castle)

This pyramid is dedicated to all those who suffered martyrdom for civil and religious liberty in Scotland.

Marble Bibles rest on the base of each face of the pyramid, which is also carved with references to various Biblical texts.


Historical Points of Interest (Nearby)

[20][21][22]

Argyll's Lodging c.1630

Location: Castle Wynd (below Stirling Castle)

This started out as a town-house in the 17th century for the 1st Earl of Stirling. In 1800 the Army bought the property and made a hospital out of it.

In 1964 when the local regiment left the castle, the hospital was sold and became a youth hostel. In 1996 Historic Scotland took over the property and decorated it in the Renaissance style and made a museum out of it.


Holy Rude Kirk c.1570

Location: Mar's Wark Cemetery (below Stirling Castle)

Named after the 'Holy Rood', a relic of the True Cross on which Jesus was crucified, this historic structure is where King James VI was crowned King of Scots in 1567.


King's Knot

Location: Below Castle Rock, off Dumbarton Road (ancient King’s Park)

It comprises of an octagonal stepped mound rising to 3m high, with a rectangular parterre to the south-east.

One gets the real scale of this when viewed from Stirling Castle above.


Mar's Wark c.1570

Location: Mar's Wark Cemetery

John Erskine, Earl of Mar, was the keeper of Stirling Castle when he began construction of his magnificent townhouse 'Mar’s Wark' during the 1570s. King James VI stayed here, and the house was repaired for use as a barracks during the 1715 Jacobite Rising.


National Wallace Monument

Location: Abbey Craig, Hillfoots Rd, Stirling, Scotland

The National Wallace Monument is a 67m tower on the shoulder of the Abbey Craig, a hilltop overlooking Stirling, Scotland.


The Portcullis

Located: Below the Stirling Castle Esplanade on Valley Lane Cemetery Road at Castle Wynd.

The Portcullis is now a hotel housed in a historic building that was once used as a boys’ school and later, a military store.


Stirling Bridge

Location: A9 at Drip Road, Stirling, Scotland

The current bridge (1500's) replaced the original timber (old bridge) where Sir William Wallace and Sir Andrew Moray defeated Edward I’s forces at the Battle of Stirling Bridge in 1297.

The current bridge also played a part in the Jacobite Rising of 1745, when an arch was removed by the castles Governor General Blakeney to forestall Bonnie Prince Charlie’s forces as they marched south. The bridge today remains one of the best medieval masonry arch bridges in Scotland.


Notable People

[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]

Alexander I of Scotland (1078-1124)

Born: Dunfermline, Scotland

Died: Stirling Castle, Scotland

Resting Place: Dunfirmline Abbey, Scotland

Bio Summary: Reign: 1107-1124

He died in the castle.

Parents: Malcolm III (1058-1093) and Margaret of Wessex (1045-1093)

Siblings: Matilda of Scotland (1080-1118), David I of Scotland (1084-1153), Edgar, King of Scotland (1074-1107), Mary of Scotland (1082-1116), Edmund of Scotland (1070-1097), Ethelred of Scotland (XXXX-1093), Edward Prince of Scotland (1068-1093)

Spouse: Sybilla of Normandy (1092-1122)

Children of Mistresses (Illegitimate): Máel Coluim mac Alaxandair (1124-1134)


Alexander III of Scotland (1241-1286)

Born: Roxburgh, Scotland

Died: Fife, Scotland

Resting Place: Unknown

Bio Summary: Reign: 1249-1286

Became King at 8 years old. One of the guardians ruling in his name was Clement of Dunblane, a Dominican Friar.

In 1251 at age 10, Alexander III was knighted by Henry III at York. The following day he married the English monarch's eldest daughter, Princess Margaret.

Alexander took control of the crown, free of guardians on attaining the age of 21 in 1262.

He added a hunting park to the west of the castle .

Parents: Alexander II of Scotland (1198-1249) and Marie de Coucy (1218-1245)

Siblings: None

Spouse Number 1: Margaret of England (1240-1275) Married 1251–1275, She was 11 years old

Children: Margaret (1261-1283), Alexander, Prince of Scotland (1264-1284), David (1272-1281)

Spouse Number 2: Yolande of Dreux (1263-1330) Married1285–1286)

Children: Stillborn Child (No Name)


Katherine Bellenden (1497-1568) Wardrobe Courtier for James V of Scotland.

Born: Unknown

Died: Unknown

Resting Place: Unknown

Bio Summary: Worked in the royal wardrobe at the castle.

Parents: Patrick Bellenden (1467-1514) and Mariota Douglas (1469-1542)

Siblings: Thomas Bellenden of Auchinoul (1485-1546), Maud Knight (1495-1570), Walter Bellenden Canon of Holyrood Abbey (1474-149), John Bellendi (XXXX-XXXX)

Spouse Number 1: Adam Hopper (XXXX-1529)

Children: Richard Hopper (XXXX-XXXX)

Spouse Number 2: Francis Bothwell of Edinburgh, Lord of Session (XXXX-XXXX)

Children: Unknown

Spouse Number 3: Sir Oliver Sinclair of Pitcairnis (XXXX-1576)

Children: Isobel Sinclair (XXXX-XXXX), Alison Sinclair (XXXX-XXXX)


George Buchanan (1506-1582) Scottish Renaissance humanist, poet teacher, and reformer.

Born: Moss Farm, Killearn, Stirlingshire, Scotland

Died: Edinburgh, Scotland

Resting Place: Greyfriars Kirkyard, Greyfriars Kirk, Edinburgh, Scotland.

Bio Summary: Briefly employed by James V at the castle, but in 1539 he fled to France during a period of persecution of Lutheran Protestants.

In 1570 he served as tutor to the young James VI of Scotland

Parents: Thomas Buchanan (XXXX-XXXX) and Agnes Hariet (XXXX-XXXX)

Siblings: Patrick Buchanan (XXXX-XXXX), three other brothers and three sisters - Names Unknown

Spouse: Unknown

Children: Unknown


John Damian (aka Giovanni Damiano de Falcucci) (aka French Leech) (aka The Scottish Icarus) (aka Birdman of Stirling Castle) (1470-1530) Aviator

Born: Italy

Died: Unknown

Resting Place: Unknown

Bio Summary:

Physician to the court of King James IV of Scotland in 1501 who appointed him Abbot of Tongland (1501-1508).

He directed the building of alchemical furnaces at Stirling Castle and Holyroodhouse to create gold from more common materials which he failed at. But his real claim to fame (or failure) was to attempt to fly from the castle to France using a pair of wings made of chicken feathers he invented but landed 70 feet below in a hill of dung breaking his thigh in the process.

In a poem by John Dunbar, Damian was referred to as 'The False Friar of Tongland'.

Parents: Unknown

Siblings: Unknown

Spouse: Unknown

Children: Unknown


Edward I of England (1239-1307)

Born: Palace of Westminster, London, England

Died: Burgh by Sands, England

Resting Place: Westminster Abbey, London, England

Bio Summary: Reign: 1274-1296, and 1297-1307

Conducted a siege on the last remaining stronghold of Scottish resistance – Stirling Castle in 1304.

Parents: Henry III of England (1207-1272) and Eleanor of Provence (1223-1291)

Siblings: Margaret, Queen of Scots (1240-1275), Beatrice of England (1242-1275), Edmund, Earl of Lancaster (1245-1296), Katherine of England (1253-1257)

Spouse Number 1: Eleanor of Castile (1241-1290) Married 1254–1290

Children: Stillborn girl (1255), Katherine (1264-1264), Joanna (1265-1265), John (1266-1271), Henry (1268-1274), Eleanor (1269-1298), Unnamed Daughter (1271-XXXX), Joan (1272-1307), Alphonso (1273-1284), Margaret (1275-1333), Berengaria (1276-1278), Unnamed Daughter (1278-1278), Mary (1279-1332), Unnamed Son (1280-1280), Elizabeth (1282-1316), Edward II of England (1284-1327)

Spouse Number 2: Margaret of France, Queen of England (1279-1318) Married 1299–1307

Children: Thomas of Brotherton, Ist Earl of Norfolk (1300-1338), Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent (1301-1330), Eleanor (1306 – 1311)


John Lord Erskine 5th Lord Erskine (1487-1555) Scottish nobleman

Born: Ayrshire, Scotland

Died: Dunbarton, Dunbartonshire, Scotland

Resting Place: Unknown

Bio Summary: Knighted before 1510, he succeeded to the title of 17th Earl of Mar, de jure and to the title of 5th Lord Erskine in 1513. Was Envoy to France in 1515, and Governor to young King James V in 1522. He was of Keeper of Edinburgh Castle and held the office of Constable of Stirling Castle before 1525.

Parents: Robert Erskine, 4th Lord Erskine (1458-1513) and Isabella Campbell (XXXX-1519)

Siblings: Elizabeth Erskine (XXXX-1540), Robert Erskine of Mar 1490-1513), Mary Erskine (1490-XXXX), Margaret Erskine (1496-1572), Janet Erskine 1496-1533), James Erskine (1500-1595), Alexander Erskine (1504-1580), Christian Erskine (1514-1564)

Spouse: Margaret Campbell (1485-1555)

Children: Katherine Erskine (1506-XXXX), Janet Erskine (1512-XXXX), Margaret Erskine (1513-1572), Alexander Erskine (1521-1592), John Erskine, First Earl of Mar (1522-1572), Robert Erskine (1522-1547), Elizabeth Erskine (1525-1578) Thomas Erskine (1528-1551), Arthur Erskine (1540-1571)

For additional information see WikiTree profile Erskine-108


James Hamilton,1st Duke of Châtellerault, 2nd Earl of Arran (1519-1575) (aka Regent Arran )

Born: Unknown

Died: Hamilton Castle, Lanarkshire, Scotland

Resting Place: Unknown

Bio Summary: Regent of Scotland during the minority of Mary, Queen of Scots from 1543 to 1554.

Parents: James Hamilton, 1st earl of Arran (1475-1529) and second wife, Janet Isobel (Jean) Beaton (or Bethune) (Early 1519-1569).

Siblings: Unknown

Spouse: Margaret Douglas (1485-1579) Married 1532

Children: Anne Hamilton(1535-1574), James Hamilton (1537–1609), Gavin Hamilton (XXXX-XXXX), John Hamilton (1540–1604), David (XXXX-1611), Claud Hamilton (1546–1621), Barbara Hamilton (XXXX-XXXX), Jean Hamilton (XXXX-XXXX), Margaret (XXXX-XXXX)


James Stewart aka James I of Scotland (1394-1437)

Born: Dunfirmland Abbey, Scotland

Died: Blackfriars (Kirk), Perth, Scotland

Resting Place: Perth Charterhouse, Perth, Scotland

Bio Summary: Reign: 1406-1437

Was uncrowned King of Scotland at age 11 and was captured and held by the English for 18 years.

He returned to Scotland in 1423 and held parliament in 1424 at the castle.

Had the Albany Stewart's executed in the castle.

Parents: John Stewart aka Robert III, King of Scots (1337-1406) and Annabella Drummond (1350-1401)

Siblings: Elizabeth Bruce [half] (1345-1378), John (Stewart) Stewart Ist Laird of Ardgowan and Blackhall [half] (1355-1413), Elizabeth Stewart (1362-1411), Margaret Stewart Countess of Douglas Duchess of Touraine, (1370-1456), David Stewart Duke of Rothesay (1378-1402), Mary Stewart (1380-1457), Egidia Stewart (1390-XXXX), Robert Stewart (1392-XXXX)

Spouse: Joan Beaufort (1404-1445) Married 1424

Children: Mary Stewart Countess of Buchan (XXXX-1465), Margaret Stewart Dauphine of the Viennois (1424-1445), Isabella Stewart (1426-1498), Joan Stewart Countess of Morton (1428-1493), Eleanor Stewart Duchess of Austria (1429-1480), Alexander Stewart (1430-1430), James Stewart (later James II King of Scots) (1430-1460), Annabella Stewart (1435-1509)

For further information see WikiTree profile Stewart-419


James Stewart aka James II of Scotland (1430-1460)

Born: Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh, Scotland

Died: Roxburgh Castle, Roxburgh, Scotland

Resting Place: Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh, Scotland

Bio Summary: Reign: 1437-1460

Became king at 6 years old.

In 1452 he invited William, the 8th Earl of Douglas, to Stirling Castle. James demands that Douglas end an alliance with the MacDonalds. In the argument that follows, Douglas is stabbed to death. This was known as the 'Black Dinner'.

Parents: James I of Scotland (1394-1437) and Joan Beaufort, Queen of Scots (1404-1445)

Siblings: Mary Stewart Countess of Buchan (XXXX-1465), Margaret Stewart Dauphine of the Viennois (1424-1445), Isabella Stewart (1426-1498), Joan Stewart Countess of Morton (1428-1493), Eleanor Stewart Duchess of Austria (1429-1480), Alexander Stewart (1430-1430), Annabella Stewart (1435-1509)

Spouse: Mary of Gueldres (1434-1463) Married 1449

Children: James Stewart (1450-1523), Unnamed Infant Stewart (1450-1450), James Stewart (later James III King of Scots (1451-1488), Mary Stewart Countess of Arran (1452-1488), Alexander Stewart (1454-1485), David Stewart (1456-1457), John Stewart (1457-1479), Margaret Stewart (1460-1503)

For more information see WikiTree profile Stewart-1166


James Stewart aka James III of Scotland (1451-1488)

Born: Stirling Castle, Stirling, Scotland or St. Andrews Castle, St. Andrews, Scotland

Died: Battle of Sauchieburn, Stirlingshire, Scotland

Resting Place: Cambuskenneth Abbey, Stirlingshire, Scotland

Bio Summary: Reign: 1460-1488

Became king of Scotland at 9 years old. He had several Regents who oversaw his monarchy until he was old enough to rule at age 18, these included Mary of Guelders (1460–1463), James Kennedy,Bishop of St Andrews (1463–1465), Gilbert Kennedy, 1st Lord Kennedy (1465-1466), and Robert Boyd, 1st Lord Boyd (1466–1469).

He and his wife lived in the castle, she died there.

Parents: James II of Scotland (1430-1460) and Mary of Gueldres (1434-1463)

Siblings: James Stewart (1450-1523), Unnamed Infant Stewart (1450-1450), Mary Stewart Countess of Arran (1452-1488), Alexander Stewart (1454-1485), David Stewart (1456-1457), John Stewart (1457-1479), Margaret Stewart (1460-1503)

Children of Mistresses (Illegitimate): John Stewart (1523-XXXX)

Spouse: Margaret of Denmark, Queen of Scotland (1456-1486) Married 1469–1486)

Children: James Stewart (later James IV) (1473-1513), James Stewart, Duke of Ross (1476-1504), John Stewart, Earl of Mar (1479-1502)

For more information see WikiTree profile Stewart-2316


James Stewart aka James IV of Scotland (1473-1513)

Born: Stirling Castle, Stirling, Scotland

Died: Battle of Flodden Field, Branxton, Northumberland, England

Resting Place: Unknown

Bio Summary: Reign: 1488-1513

Had the Great Hall built at the castle.

Parents: James III of Scotland (1451-1488) and Margaret of Denmark, Queen of Scotland (1456-1486)

Siblings: James Stewart, Duke of Ross (1476-1504), John Stewart, Earl of Mar (1479-1502)

Children of Mistresses (Illegitimate): Alexander Stewart (1493-1513), Catherine Stewart (1494-1554), Margaret Stewart (1497-1562), James Stewart First Earl of Moray (1499-1544), Janet Stewart Lady Fleming (1502-1562), Alexander Stewart (1514-1515) ​ Spouse: Margaret Tudor (1489-1541) Married 1503

Children: James Stewart Duke of Rothesay (1507-1508), Unnamed Infant Stewart (1508-1508), Arthur Stewart (1509-1510), James Stewart (later James V King of Scots (1512-1542), Unnamed Infant Stewart (1512-1512)


James Stewart aka James V of Scotland (1512-1542)

Born: Linlithgow Palace, Linlithgow, West Lothian, Scotland

Died: Falkland Palace & Garden, Falkland, Fife, Scotland

Resting Place: Unknown

Bio Summary: Reign: 1513-1542

Became king at 17 months old when his father James IV, was killed at the Battle of Flodden in 1513.

Parents: James IV of Scotland (1473-1515) and Margaret Tudor (1489-1541)

Siblings: Alexander Stewart (1493-1513), Catherine Stewart (1494-1554), Margaret Stewart (1497-1562), James Stewart First Earl of Moray (1499-1544), Janet Stewart Lady Fleming (1502-1562), James Stewart Duke of Rothesay (1507-1508), Unnamed Infant Stewart (1508-1508), Arthur Stewart (1509-1510), Unnamed Infant Stewart (1512-1512), Alexander Stewart (1514-1515)

Children of Mistresses (Illegitimate): James Stewart (1529-1559), James Stewart Tertius (1529-1536), Jean Stewart (1529-1588), James Stewart Ist Earl of Moray (1531-1570), John Stewart (Stuart) Lord Darnley (1531-1563), Robert Stewart (1533-1581), Robert Stewart (1533-1593), Adam Stewart (1535-1575)

Spouse: Madeleine of Valois (1520-1537) Married 1537–1537

Children: None

Spouse Number 2: Mary of Guise (1515-1560) Married 1538

Children: Margaret Stewart (1539-XXXX), James Stewart, 5th Duke of Rothesay (1540-1541), Arthur Stewart (Robert), Duke of Albany (1541-1541) and Mary Stewart (her married name was Stuart) (Queen of Scots) (1542-1587).

For more information see WikiTree profile Stewart-2313


James Charles Stuart aka James VI of Scotland and I of England (1566-1625)

Born: Edinburgh Castle, Edinburgh, Scotland

Died: Theobalds Estate, Goff's Oak, Hertforshire, England

Resting Place: Westminster Abbey, London, England

Bio Summary: Reign: 1567-1625

Ascended to the throne at only 13 months old while his mother was imprisoned at Lochleven Castle.

Educated in the Royal palace by renowned scholar George Buchanan.

Commissioned the building of the Royal Palace in 1540.

Parents: Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley (1546-1567) and Mary Stuart (Queen of Scots) (1542-1587)

Siblings: None

Spouse: Anna Oldenburg of Denmark (1574-1619) Married 1589–1619

Children: Henry Frederick Stuart Prince of Wales KG (1594-1612), Elizabeth Stuart (1596-1662), Margaret Stuart (1598-1600), Charles Stuart (1600-1649), Robert Bruce Stuart (1602-1602), Unnamed Infant Stuart (1603-1603), Mary Stuart (1605-1607), Sophia Stuart (1606-1606).

For more information see WikiTree profile Stuart-2


Sir David Lyndsay of The Mount (1490-1555)

Born: Unknown

Died: Unknown

Resting Place: Unknown

Bio Summary: He was engaged as a courtier at the castle as attendant and companion to the infant prince James (later King James V). the son of King James IV.

He also held high office in heraldry, and was a poet also.

Parents: David Lyndsay

Siblings: Unknown

Spouse: Janet Douglas ((XXXX-XXXX) Married 1522

Children: Unknown


Andre Mansioun (Manson) (XXXX-1579) Artist, Carpenter

Born: France

Died: Unknown

Resting Place: Unknown

Bio Summary: French artist who worked carving the 'Stirling Heads' for the court of James V, King of Scots inside the castle. He was also the master carpenter of the Scottish artillery for Mary, Queen of Scots and James VI of Scotland.

He carved a wooden lion and a Latin inscription for the tomb of James V in 1542.

He was appointed a gunner in the Scottish artillery on 3 August 1543 with a monthly salary of £3 defending Edinburgh Castle from the English invasion of 1544.

In 1561, Mary, Queen of Scots made him 'Master Wrycht and Gunnare ordinare' for life.

Parents: Unknown

Siblings: Joshua Mansioun (XXXX-XXXX), Isaac Mansioun (XXXX-XXXX)

Spouse: Unknown

Children: Francis Mansioun (XXXX-XXXX)


Margaret of Denmark (1456-1486)

Born: Copenhagen Castle, Copenhagen, Denmark

Died: Stirling Castle, Stirling, Scotland

Resting Place: Cambuskenneth Abbey, Stirlingshire, Scotland

Bio Summary: Married to James III of Scotland at age 13. This was an arranged marriage which would cancel the debt Scotland owed Denmark over the taxation of the Hebrides and Isle of Man.

The couple did not see eye to eye on family matters and after 1482 the couple lived apart, James III lived in Edinburgh, while queen Margaret preferred to live in Stirling with her children. She died in the castle in 1486.

Parents: Christian I, King of Denmark, Norway and Sweden (1426-1481) and Dorothea of Brandenburg (1430-1495)

Siblings: Olaf (1450-1451), Canute (1451-1455), John of Denmark (1455-1513), Frederick I of Denmark (1471-1533)

Spouse: King James III of Scotland (1451-1488) Married 1469-1486

Children: James Stewart (later James IV) (1473-1513), James Stewart, Duke of Ross (1476-1504), John Stewart, Earl of Mar (1479-1502)


Philip (Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg) Mountbatten, Duke of Edinburgh (1921-2021) King Consort

Born: Mon Repos Estate, Corfu, Greece

Died: Windsor Castle, Windsor, Scotland

Resting Place: Royal Vault, St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, Scotland

Bio Summary: Husband of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II.

The Prince visited Stirling on many occasions with his wife, Queen Elizabeth II.

Parents: Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark (1882-1944) and Berthold, Margrave of Baden (1906-1963)

Siblings: Princesses Cecilie of Greece and Denmark (1911-1937), Sophie of Greece and Denmark (1914-2001), Margarita of Greece and Denmark (1905-1981), Theodora of Greece and Denmark (1906-1969)

Spouse: Queen Elizabeth II (1926-2022)

Children: Charles III (1948-XXXX), Anne, Princess Royal (1950-XXXX), Prince Andrew, Duke of York (1960-XXXX), Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex and Forfar (1964-XXXX)

For additional information see WikiTree Profile Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg -1


Queen Mary (aka Marie) of Guise (aka Mary (aka Marie) of Lorraine) (1515-1560) Queen Consort of Scotland

Born: Bar-le-Duc, France

Died: Edinburgh Castle, Edinburgh, Scotland

Resting Place: Abbey of St. Pierre at Rheims

Bio Summary: Reign: 1538 until 1542

Mary was the second wife of King James V of Scotland and became queen upon her his death in 1542.

Parents: Claude, Duke of Guise (1496-1550), and Antoinette de Bourbon (1494-1583)

Siblings: Francis, Duke of Guise (1519-1563), Louise of Lorraine (1520-1542), Renee of Guise (1522-1602), Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine (1524-1574), Claude, Duke of Aumale (1526-1573), Louis, Cardinal of Guise (1527-1578), Philippe de Guise (1529-1529), Pierre de Guise (1530-XXXX), Antonie de Guise (1531-1561), Francois de Guise (1534-1563), Rene, Marquess of Elbeuf (1536-1566)

Spouse Number 1: Louis II, (1510-1537) Married 1534

Children: François III , Duke of Longueville (1535-XXXX), and Louis (1537-XXXX))

Spouse Number 2: King James V of Scotland (1512-1542) Married 1538

Children: James, 5th Duke of Rothesay (1540-1541), Arthur (Robert), Duke of Albany (1541-1541) and Mary Stuart (Queen of Scots) (1542-1587).


Mary Queen of Scots (aka Mary I) (1542-1587) Queen of Scotland

Born: Linlithgow Palace, West Lothian, Scotland

Died: Fotheringhay Castle in Northamptonshire, England (Executed)

Resting Place: Peterborough Cathedral, Cambridgeshire, England (1587); Re-buried Westminster Abbey (1612)

Bio Summary: Reign: (1542-1567)

Ascended to the throne at only six days old.

Her mother Mary (Marie) Guise acted as regent for the child until Mary became an adult.

Parents: James V of Scotland (1512-1542) and Mary (Marie) Guise (1515-1560)

Siblings: James Stewart, Duke of Rothesay (1540-1541), Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany (1541-1541)

Spouse Number 1: Dauphin Francois (aka Francis II of France) (1544-1560) Married 1558

Children: None

Spouse Number 2: Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley (1546-1567) Married 1565 ​ Children: (James Charles Stuart) later James VI of Scotland, and I of England (1566-1625)

Spouse Number 3: James Hepburn, Earl of Bothwell (1534-1578) Married 1567

Children: None (was raped by James but did not produce a child)


Janet Stewart, Lady Fleming (aka Janet, or Jane) (aka la Belle Écossaise or the Beautiful Scotswoman) (1502-1562) Scottish courtier

Born: Unknown

Died: Unknown

Resting Place: Unknown

Bio Summary: Janet was the illegitimate daughter of King James IV of Scotland and served as governess to her half-niece Mary, Queen of Scots. Janet was briefly a mistress of King Henry II of France.

Parents: King James IV (1473-1513) and (Mistress) Isabel (Janet) Stewart (1502-XXXX)

Siblings: Many illegitimate half brothers and sisters by her father James IV of Scotland

Spouse: Malcolm Fleming, 3rd Lord Fleming (1494-1547)

Children: Johanna Fleming (1525), Janet Fleming (1527-XXXX), Elizabeth (1530-XXXX), Margaret Fleming (1532-XXXX), James Fleming (1534-XXXX), John Fleming (1535-XXXX), Agnes Fleming (1535-XXXX), Mary Fleming (1543-XXXX)

Mistress to Henry II of France

Children: Henri d'Angoulême (1551-1586)


Robert the Steward, later Robert II of Scotland (1316-1390)

Born: Paisley Abbey, Paisley, Scotland

Died: Dundonald Castle, Dundonald, Scotland

Resting Place: Scone Abbey, Perthshire, Scotland

Bio Summary: Reign: 1371-1390

Took the castle for Scotland in 1342 by starving the English out.

Parents: Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland (1296-1316) and Marjorie Bruce (1296-1316)

Siblings: None

Spouse Number 1: Elizabeth Mure (1320-1355) Married 1336

Children: John Stewart (aka Robert III, King of Scots) (1337-1406), Walter Stewart, Lord of Fife (1338-1362), Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany (1340-1420), Alexander Stewart, Earl of Buchan (1343-1405)

Spouse number 2: Euphemia de Ross

Children: David Stewart, 1st Earl of Caithness (1357-1389), Walter Stewart, 1st earl of Atholl (1360-1437), Elizabeth Stewart (XXXX-XXXX), Egidia Stewart (XXXX-XXXX)


Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley (1546-1567) King Consort

Born: Temple Newsam, Yorkshire, England

Died: Kirk o' Field, Edinburgh, Scotland

Resting Place: Royal vault, Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh, Scotland

Bio Summary: The husband of Mary Queen of Scots was murdered eight months after son James's birth.

Parents: Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox (1516-1571) and Lady Margaret Douglas (1515-1578)

Siblings: Unknown

Spouse Number: Mary Queen of Scots (1542-1587) Married 1565

Children: James (the future King James VI of Scotland and I of England)


Charles Edward Louis John Philip Casimir Sylvester Severino Maria Stuart King of England, Scotland, and Ireland as "James III and VIII (aka Young Pretender) (aka Bonnie Prince Charlie) (1720-1788)

Born: Palazzo Muti, Rome, Italy

Died: Palazzo Muti, Rome, Italymap

Resting Place: 1788 - buried in Frascati Cathedral near Rome, in 1807, Charles's remains (except his heart) were moved to the crypt of St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican.

Bio Summary: In 1746 Bonnie Prince Charlie failed at an attempt to storm the castle.

Parents: James Francis Edward Stuart (1688-1766) and Maria Klementyna Sobieska (1702-1735)

Siblings: Henry Thomas Edward Maria Clement Francis Xavier Stuart (1725-1807)

Spouse Number 1: Clementina Maria Sophia Walkinshaw (1720-1802) Married date unknown

Children: John Stuart (1747-1794), Charles Godefroi Sophie Jules Marie (Rohan) de Rohan (1748-1748), Charlotte Stuart (1753-1789)

Spouse Number 2: Louise Maximilienne Caroline Emmanuèle Stolberg (1752-1824) Married 1772

Children: None

For more information see WikiTree profile Stuart-33


William I of Scotland King of Scotland, aka William the Lion, aka 'Garbh' (the Rough) (1142-1214)

Born: Unknown

Died: Stirling Castle, Scotland

Resting Place: Arbroath Abbey, Arbroth, Scotland

Bio Summary: Reign: 1165 to 1214

Died in the castle. The flag of Scotland resembles Williams personal flag with a red lion (aka William the Lion).

Parents: Henry of Scotland (1114-1152) and Ada de Warenne (1120-1178) ​ Siblings: Malcolm IV (1141-1165), Margaret, Duchess of Brittany (1145-1201), David, 8th Earl of Huntingdon (1152-1219), Ada, Countess of Holland (XXXX-1206), Marjorie, Countess of Angus (1144-1213)

Children of Mistresses (Illegitimate): Isabella Mac William (1163-1240), Margaret ?? (XXXX-XXXX), Robert de London (XXXX-XXXX), Henry de Galightly (XXXX-XXXX), Ada Fitzwilliam (c. 1164–1200), Aufrica ?? (XXXX-XXXX)

Spouse: Ermengarde de Beaumont (1170-1234)

Children: Margaret of Scotland (1193–1259), Isabella of Scotland (1195–1253), Alexander II of Scotland (1198–1249), Marjorie of Scotland (1200–1244)


Elizabeth Alexandra Mary (Queen Elizabeth II) Windsor (1926-2022) Queen of the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth

Born: Mayfair, London, England

Died: Balmoral Castle, Aberdeenshire, Scotland

Resting Place: King George VI Memorial Chapel, St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, Scotland

Bio Summary: Reign: 1952-2022 (70 years)

Assuming the throne at only age 25 the Queen made numerous trips to Scotland and visited Stirling Castle on multiple occasions.

Parents: George VI (1936-1952) and Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (1900-2002)

Siblings: Princess Margaret (1930-2002)

Spouse: Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (1921-2021) Married 1947

Children: Charles III (1948-XXXX), Anne, Princess Royal (1950-XXXX), Prince Andrew, Duke of York (1960-XXXX), Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex and Forfar (1964-XXXX)

For additional information see WikiTree Profile Windsor-1


Sources

  1. Stirling castle; https://www.stirlingcastle.scot
  2. Undiscovered Scotland; https://www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk
  3. Wikipedia; https://en.wikipedia.org
  4. World History Encyclopedia; https://www.worldhistory.org
  5. Britannica; https://www.britannica.com
  6. World History Encyclopedia; https://www.worldhistory.org
  7. Electric Scotland; https://electricscotland.com
  8. Stirling Castle; https://www.stirlingcastle.scot
  9. Undiscovered Scotland; https://www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk
  10. Wikipedia; https://en.wikipedia.org
  11. Victoria Hinshaw; http://www.victoriahinshaw.com
  12. Medievalists; https://www.medievalists.net
  13. The Traveling Squid; https://thetravellingsquid.com
  14. Discover Scottish gardens; https://www.discoverscottishgardens.org
  15. Studioarc; https://www.studioarc.co.uk
  16. Google Maps; https://www.google.com
  17. War Memorials Online; https://www.warmemorialsonline.org.uk
  18. Mercat Tours; https://www.mercattours.com
  19. Atlas Obscura; https://www.atlasobscura.com
  20. Historic Envirnonment Scotland; https://www.historicenvironment.scot
  21. Stirling Castle; https://www.stirlingcastle.scot
  22. Google Maps; https://www.google.com
  23. Wikipedia; https://en.wikipedia.org
  24. Undiscovered Scotland; https://www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk
  25. On Verticality; https://www.onverticality.com
  26. The Devilstone Chronicles; https://www.thedevilstonechronicles.com
  27. World History Encyclopedia; https://www.worldhistory.org
  28. Britannica; https://www.britannica.com
  29. Family Pedia; https://familypedia.fandom.com
  30. Fandom; https://military-history.fandom.com
  31. St. Andrews University; https://buchanan.wp.st-andrews.ac.uk
  32. Electric Scotland; https://electricscotland.com
  33. WikiTree; https://www.wikitree.com
  34. family Search; https://www.familysearch.org
  35. Scotlands People; https://www.scotlandspeople.gov.uk/




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