The Atlantic Slave Trade

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Embarking Ports

Links

• African Origins. information about the migration histories of Africans forcibly carried on slave ships into the Atlantic.; source quoted for "Embarking ports."
• Brazil's African Legacy. History Today. Over the four centuries of Portuguese involvement in the Atlantic slave trade, an estimated 10 to 15 million Africans were transported to the European colonies in the Americas. ... Even after the Atlantic slave trade to Brazil was declared illegal in 1850, contraband ‘Black Gold’ continued to be smuggled across the ocean. [...] In the 17th century ... slaves came mainly from Angola and the ‘Contra Costa’ (Indian Ocean coast) of Africa, including Madagascar, as far north as Zanzibar... For a century and a half following the Portuguese recovery of Luanda from the Dutch in 1648, Angola provided an inexhaustible reservoir of human merchandise. During the 18th century, 70% of the slaves shipped to Brazil were obtained in Angola. [...] Guinea (or ‘Sudanese’) .... were highly valued as house servants, the bulk of the Bantu obtained in Angola and Mozambique were put to work on the fazendas (plantations) of Brazil.
• Harms, R. (2011). The Diligent: A Voyage Through the Worlds of the Slave Trade. vimeo.com.
• www.slavevoyages.org Transatlantic Slave Trade Database Includes database of actual names. (See African Names Database).
• Wikipedia: Dutch West India Company
• Wikipedia: Maafa
• Wikipedia: Royal African Company
• Wikipedia: Slavery in Brazil 1.7 million slaves were imported to Brazil from Africa from 1700 to 1800, and the rise of coffee in the 1830s further enticed expansion of the slave trade. Brazil was the last country in the Western world to abolish slavery. By the time it was abolished, in 1888, an estimated four million slaves had been imported from Africa to Brazil, 40% of the total number of slaves brought to the Americas.
• Wikipedia: Triangular trade

See:

• 15 Major Corporations You Never Knew Profited from Slavery. Black Star.

• Brazil's African Legacy. History Today.
• Portugal. discoveringbristol.org.uk

• Transatlantic Slave Trade Database. www.slavevoyages.org

• Wikipedia: Atlantic slave trade

• Wikipedia: Royal African Company

• Wikipedia: Slavery in Angola

• Wikipedia: Slavery in Brazil