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Commanders of the Forts at Castle Island

Commanders of the Forts at Castle Island

Castle Island Forts and the Men who Commanded them.


Contents

Timeline

i. Pre-Fort (1603 - 1634)

  • 24 Mar 1603: James I Rein Begins
  • 1605: Champlain visit (Reid, p3.)
  • 1607 James Fort (Jamestown), Colony of Virginia
  • 1614: James Smith Map (Reid, p3.)
  • 1616: Plague in Boston area (Reid, p.8)
  • 1620: Plymouth Settled by Mayflower Pilgrims.
Wikipedia: Puritans Who were the Puritans?
  • Sep 1621: Myles Standish explores boston Harbor (Reid, p.3)
  • 1623 Cape Ann, Essex Colony, Massachusetts (see Roger Conant)
  • 27 March 1625: Charles I Reign Begins
  • 1626 (1628) Naumkeag (Salem), Massachusetts Bay (John Endicott)
  • 18 March 1628/29: First Charter of Massachusetts given by King Charles I to the "Governor and Company of the Massachusetts Bay in New England" {Shurtleff, 19}
  • Puritan Persecution begins {Citation Needed}
  • 16 [15] Oct 1629: Charge of Fortifications [need for fortifications established by then] (Shurtleff, v1, p. 55)
  • 1630: Settlement at Dorchester and Boston.
  • Jun 1630: Winthrop arrives on Arbella. (Begining of the Puritan Great Migration)
Wikipedia: Winthrop Fleet (1630)
  • 1630 - Charlestown, MA (Puritans)
  • 1630 - Mattapah (Dorchester), MA (Puritans)
  • 1630 - Medford, MA (Puritans)
  • 1630 - Watertown, MA (Puritans)
  • 1631 Roxbury, MA (Puritans)
  • 1631- Newtown (Cambridge), MA (Puritans)
  • 1631- Saugus (Lynn), MA (Puritans)
  • 1632 Duxbury, Plymouth Colony (Pilgrims)
  • 1633 Aggawam (Ipswich), MA
  • 1633- Marblehead, MA
  • 1633- William Laud becomes Archbiship of Canterbury, Increased Puritan Persecution
  • 29 May 1633: need to finish the fort (Shurtleff, v1., p.105.)
  • 3 Sep 1633: All hands to Boston to finish the Fort (Shurtleff, v1., p. 108.)
  • 5 Nov 1633: Aid and money required for buildin the fort (Shurtleff, v1., p. 110.)
  • 4 Mar 1633/34: Donations to build Sea Fort (Shurtleff, v1., p. 113.)
  • 14 May 1634: Sea Fort to be built (Thomas Beecher part of committee to get the fort built.) (Shurtleff, v1., p. 120.)
  • 14 May 1634: Ward kept at fort while ships residing there. (Shurtleff, v1., p. 120.)

I. Castle Island Fort (1634 - 1691)

  • 29 Jul 1634: Govenor Thomas Dudley and party land on Castle Island looking for a site to build a fort. (Snow, p. 55.) (Winthrop?)
  • Jul 1634: Fort One Construction Started (Reid, p. 7) (Roberts, p.88)

#1 Captain Nicholas Simpkins (July 1634 - 1635?)

RESEARCH: Simpkins-18

  • July 1634: Captain Nicholas Simpkins 1st Commander of Castle (Clap, p. 31.), (Whitman, p. 104.)
  • 5 Aug 1634: Platform and House to be built at Castle Island. (Shurtleff, v1., p. 123/4.)
  • 3 Sep 1634: Lt. Morris part of committee to place fortifications at Fort Castle Island. (Shurtleff, v1., p. 124)
  • 25 Sep 1634: Mr. Gibbons chosen as ensign to Capt. Underhill. (Shurtleff, v1, p. 129.)
  • 1635 Concord, MA
  • 1635 Musketquid (Concord), MA
  • 1635 Weymouth (Wessaguscus), MA
  • 4 Mar 1634/35: Fort at Castle Island now begun (Shurtleff, v1., p. 136.)
  • 4 Mar 1634/35: Deputy Govenor power to impress men to complete fortifications at Castle Island. (Shurtleff, v1., p. 139.)

#2 Thomas Beecher (6 May 1635 - ?? 1635)

RESEARCH: Beecher-709

  • 6 May 1635: Thomas Beecher Mr. Beecher, Member of Committee for Military Affairs (Shurtleff, v1, p. 146.)
  • 6 May 1635: Thomas Beecher Choosen Captain of the Fort at Castle Island. (Shurtleff, v1., p. 147.) (Frothingham, p.80.)
  • 2 Sep 1635: Capt. Underhill and Mr. Beecher to deliver 2 Drakes to Connecticut. (Shurtleff, v1. p. 160.)

#3 Lieutenant Edward Gibbons (1635 - 3 Mar 1635/1636)

RESEARCH: Gibbons-3016

  • 1635 Commander of Castle Island, (Roberts, History: Ancient and honorable artillery company of Massachusetts, p. 17 (Morris), 39.)
  • 2 Sep 1635: Capt Underhill power to use warrents to finish the fort. Several actions to get the fort completed. (Shurtleff, v1., p. 158.)
  • 9 Oct 1635: Roger Williams Banished
  • 3 Mar 1635/1636: Mr. Gibbons Dismissed (Shurtleff, v1, p.165.)

#4 Lieutenant Richard Morris (3 March 1635/6 - Nov 1637?)

RESEARCH: Morris-5858

  • 3 Mar 1635/36: Lieutenant Richard Morris appointed (Shurtleff, v1. p.165.) [Given the room occupied by Mr. Gibbons who is dismissed from service at the Castle.]
  • 3 Mar 1635/36: Men needed to complete the fort (Shurtleff, v1., p. 166.)
  • 1636 Colony of Connecticut established
  • 1636 Harvard College, Cambridge MA
  • 1636 Fort at Saybrook, Connecticut
  • 1636 Dedham, MA
  • 1636 Harfort, CT (digruntled Newtown, MA, Thomas Hooker)
  • 1636 Wethersfield, CT (disgruntled Watertown, MA)
  • 1636 Windsor, CT (disgruntled Dorchester, MA)
  • 1636 Narragansett (Providence), RI, Roger Williams
  • 1636 Springfield, MA (disgruntled Roxbury, William Pyncheon)
  • 17 May 1636: Military caretakers appointed to care for Castle until next court session. (Shurtleff, v1., p. 197.)
  • July 1636: Start of the Pequot War (Connecticut)
  • 14 Jul 1636: Simpkins Remiss in accounts. Lt. Morris accuses of lying (Whitman, P. 161.) (Winthrop Addenda, p. *422.)
  • 7 October 1636: 7 Trainbands (TB) in existance.
  • 1. Boston TB, Capt. John Underhill, Lt. Edward Gibbons, Ensign Robert Hardinge;
  • 2. Dorchester TB, Capt. Israel (Esekiel?) Stoughton, Lt. Nathaniel Duncan, Ensign, John Holman;
  • 3. Charlestown TB, Capt. Robert Sedgwick, Lt. [Unknown];
  • 4. Watertown TB, Capt. William Geinson (Jennison);
  • 5. Newton TB, Capt. George Cooke, Lt. William Spencer;
  • 6. Saugus TB, Capt. [Unknown] Lt. Daniel Haugh (Howe), Engsign Richard (Robert) Walker;
  • 7. Ipswich TB, Capt. Daniel Dennison, Lt. Richard Davenport.
  • 25 Oct 1636: Lt. Morris salary while at Castle. (Shurtleff, v1. p.181)
  • 25 Oct 1636: paid 10 pounds for dangerous service (Shurtleff, v1. p.181)
  • 9 Mar 1636/37 Gibbons Chosen Lt. under Capt. Underhill for Boston (Anderson, GMB, p.749; MBCR 1:191)
Wikipedia: Antinomian Controversy (Oct 1636 - Mar 1638)
  • 1637: Gibbons, Morris, Sedgwick become members of the Artillery Company of Massachusetts
  • Summer 1637: Gunner accident, kills ship passenger (Rowe, p. 63) [citation needed]
  • 20 Nov 1637: Richard Morris Dismissed (disarmed, Anne Huchinson supporter) (Roberts, p.37), (Shurtleff, p. 212.) [Arms collected by John Johnson]

Fort One Abandoned, No Offical Commander (Nov 1637 - June 1641)

  • 20 Nov 1637: - June 1641: No offical commander from time Lt. Morris dismissed until Capt. Sedgewick appointed.
  • 13 Mar 1638: Charter for the Military Company of Massachusetts (Shurtleff, v1., p. 228/9)
  • 1638 1st Printing Press in America, Harvard College
  • 2 May 1638: Charges for maintaining the fort (Shurtleff, v1., p. 228/9)
  • 1638

:Exeter, NH (digruntled, Boston, John Whieelwright, brother-in-law of Anne Hutchinson) :Hampton, NH (Boston group) :Portsmouth, RI (Boston group William Coddington and Anne Hutchinson) :Quinnipiac (New Haven), CT (London group, John Davenport (Rel. Richard Davenport??), Theophilus Eaton, no to MA) :Fort Christina, Delaware (Swedish Settlers arrive)

  • 8 Jun 1638: Paying for the Fort (Shurtleff, v1., p. 231.)
  • 1638: Ordinance removed from the Fort (Johnson, p.232n)
  • Sep 1638: End of the Pequot War
  • 1639: Davenport becomes member of Artillery Company of Massachusetts.

:Colechester (Salisbury) MA :Rowley, MA :Sudbury, MA

  • 6 Jun 1639: payment to build a house and repair the batteries at the fort at Castle Island. (Shurtleff, v1., p. 260.) Captain Gibbons involved.

#5 Captain Robert Sedgwick (May/June 1641 - May 1643)

RESEARCH: Sedgwick-11

  • 1 May 1641: Captain Robert Sedgwick appointed (Shurtleff, v1., p. 332.)
  • 1642: Start of English Civil War (1642 - 1651) Wikipedia: English Civil War]
  • 1643 - 4 New England Colonies form New England Confederation.
  • 10 May 1643: Fort One abandonment of Castle, all arms, ammunition and ordinance collected. Capt. Sedgwick End of service at castle. [Capt. Sedgwick, Capt. Gibbons part of party to "fetch" these] (Snow,p.56), (Shurtleff, v.2, p. 36.)

Second Abandonment of Fort One (10 May 1643 - 2 March 1644/45)

  • 12 Jun 1643: La Tour enters Harbor [Captain Gibbon's wife] (Winthrop, p. 107.)
  • 30 Jun 1643: Capt. Gibbons enters partnership with La Tour
  • 1643: Refortification by 6 towns. (Johnson, p. 232n.)
  • 7 Sep 1643: Court gives Capt. Gibbons use of house on Castle Island. (Shurtleff, v.2, p. 45.)
  • 7 Mar 1643/44: Capt. Robert Sedgwick part of group to monopolize Indian trade (Shurtleff, v2, p. 60.)
  • 7 Mar 1643/44: Commission for Capt. of Castle drafted (Shurtleff, v2, p. 63-5.)
  • 1644 Government of Colony assumes control of regular army, all voluntary prior (Whitman, p.2)

#6 Thomas Coytemore (29 May 1644 Did Not Serve)

RESEARCH: Coytemore-4

  • 29 May 1644: Thomas Coytemore - Mr. Coitmore suggested by court to the Bay towns to become Capt. of the Castle. Coytemore would be lost at sea (ship wrecked?) 27 Dec 1644 before being able to take command of the Castle. (Shurtleff, v2, p. 74.)
  • 29 May 1644: Major Sedgwick and Major Gibbons [Both now Majors] (Shurtleff, v2, p. 74.)
  • 4 Jun 1644: Court address needs of Castle and creation of Garrison. (Shurtleff, v3, p. 5.)

13 Nov 1644: Lt. Davenport chosen as Capt. of the Castle. (Shurtleff, v2, p. 83.)

  • 1644: Fort Two Constructed

#7 Captain Richard Davenport ( 2 Mar 1644/45 - July 1665)

RESEARCH: Davenport-1334

  • 2 Mar 1644/45: Captain Richard Davenport Begins duty as Capt. of the Castle. (Reid, p. 11)
  • 14 May 1645: Major Gibbons and committee to determine needs of Castle and the several propositions from the Capt. [Davenport]. (Shurtleff, v3, p. 14.)
  • 14 May 1645 Sergent Major Gibbons, given commission, Boston. (Shurtleff, V2, p.116)
  • 14 May 1645 Sergent Major Sedgwick, likewise given commission, Charlestowne. (Shurtleff, V2, p.116.)
  • 18 Jun 1645: Capt. Davenport to build huts for Garrison (Shurtleff, v3, p. 29.)
  • 18 Oct 1645: Need to finish Castle reconstruction. (Shurtleff, v3, p. 57.)
  • 1646: Clap becomes member of Artillery Company of Massachusetts.
  • 20 Dec 1647: Thomas Coytemore's wife Martha marries John Winthrop (4th Wife). She commits suicide sometime after).
  • 10 May 1648: Capt. Davenport petions Court for Castle needs. [Major Sedgwick part of committee to evaluate needs] (Shurtleff, v.3, p. 127.)
  • 18 Jun 1648: Margaret Jones, Accused Witch first to be hanged in Colony.
  • 27 Oct 1648: Updating needs of Castle (Shurtleff, v.3, p. 137.)
  • 30 Jan 1649: King Charles Beheaded
  • 1649 - 1653: Commonwealth of England (Cromwell)
  • Date Uncertain: Royalist Battle in Boston Harbor, Davenport seizes victor (Rowe, p.64) {research needed}
  • 1651: End of English Civil War (1642 - 1651)
  • 7 May 1651: Capt. of Castle [Davenport] to display English flag at all times. (Shurtleff, v.3, p. 224.)
  • 22 May 1651: Allowances for Castle. (Shurtleff, v.3, p. 231.)
  • 31 May 1652: Major Gen. Sedgwick and committe to needs of Castle. (Shurtleff, v.3, p. 277.)
  • 1653 - 1659: Protectorate of England
  • 1653: Fort Three Constructed
  • 11 Nov 1654: Castle pay addressed, Maj. Gen. Edward Gibbons to collect from towns. (Shurtleff, v3, p. 368.)
  • 19 Oct 1654: Reimbursement of Capt. of the Castle [Davenport] reviewed and approved. (Shurtleff, v.3, p. 362)
  • 19 Oct 1654: Maj. Gen. Gibbons and committe to meet with Capt. Davenport about concerns and needs of Castle and the Garrison. (Shurtleff, v.3, p. 367.)
  • 1655: Davenport recieves Castle Bell. (Rowe, p. 64, 1654?)[citation needed]
  • 1659: Horse-drawn water pump invented.
  • 1659 - 1660: Commonwealth of England restored.
  • 29 May 1660: Charles II (Return to Monarchy)
  • 1664: Battle for New Netherland,

* Jul 1665: Davenport dies (Lightning Accident)[citation needed]

#8 Captain Roger Clap (Aug 1665 - May 1686 ([Sept?])

RESEARCH: Clapp-797

  • 10 Aug 1665: Captain Roger Clap appointed (Roberts, p.157.)
  • 21 Mar 1672/3: Castle Burned Down (Shurtleff, Topo Hist, pp. 490-910)
  • 1673 " Expenses for the French women brought into town by Mr. Pipon in his ship." (p. 359, Felt I)
  • 1673: Fort Four Constructed
  • Date Uncertain: Clap financial Difficulties with Court (Rowe, p.65) {research needed}
  • 1684: Charter of Massachusetts Bay Colony Revoked by Charles II.
  • Winter 1684/5 Boston Harbor froze. 900 people walked to Castle and back. (https://www.colonialsociety.org/node/1742)
  • 6 Feb 1685: James II Monarchy
  • 1686: James II created Dominion of New England
  • 5 Mar 1685/6 - Supply Clap killed in accident.
  • XXXX: Edmund Andros appointed Governor of the Dominion of New England by James II
  • 1686 Capt. Clap Resigns [citation needed]

#9 Major Peter Bulkeley (26 May 1686 Did Not Serve)

RESEARCH: Bulkeley-9

  • 15 Sep 1686: Clap ordered to surrender up the Castle and give a full accounting. (Shurtleff Topo Hist, p 492) (Toppan,p.269.)
  • 15 Sep 1686: Castle budget, Lt. pay set. (Toppan,p.269.)
  • 29 Sep 1686: Capt. Clap Leaves the Castle (Sewall, p. 123.) [From GM,p.370]


#10 Captain Wait Winthrop (1 Jun 1686- Dec 1686)

RESEARCH: Winthrop-110

  • 25 May 1686: Winthrop, Wait (Waitstill) placed in charge of Castle by Gov. Dudley. (Andrews, p. 189 n.) (Toppan,p.240)
  • 11 Nov 1686. Capt. of Castle to put out colors for arrival of Andros and personally greet him. (Toppan, p. 278.)
  • 18 Nov 1686: Capt. Winthrop pat, as Capt. of Castle, to begin from 10 Jun last [1686] and be paid 10 pounds more at this time. (Toppan, p. 279.)
  • 20 Dec 1686: Edmund Andros arrives in Mass. Bay Colony to be it's new Governor. [citation needed]

#11 Ensign John Pipon (1686 ?? - 19 April 1689)

RESEARCH: Pippon

  • after Dec 1686: Ensign John Pipon Commands Castle. (Shurtleff Topo Hist, p 492)
  • 23 Dec 1688: William III and Mary Monarchy (Glorious revolution ends)
  • 1689: Leisler’s Rebellion, (Overthow of Colonial Governor, including Andros).
  • 1689: King William’s War.
  • 19 Apr 1689: Pipon forced out (letter sent to give up command of the Castle, Andros man)[citation needed]

#12 Capt. John Fairweather 19 April 1689 -1691?)

RESEARCH: Fairweather-43

  • 19 Apr 1689: Capt. John Fairweather appointed Captain when Andros surrendeder Castle. [citation needed]
  • 7 June 1689 Andros sent to Castle as prisoner. (Andrews, p. 206 n.)
  • 1689? Pipon released from Jail "by beat of the drum." (Andrews, p. 206-7)
  • 1691: Provincal Charter established
  • 1691 Lieutenant-Governor William Stroughton, chief justice of Witch Trials, see Rowe, p.66) becomes commander under new Charter. (Shurtleff Topo Hist, p. 492.)
Flags of the Fort


II. Fort Castle William ( 1692 - 1802)

  • 1692: Province of Mass Bay Implements Charter (MA, ME, NS, NB)
  • 1692: Salem Witch Hysteria Occurs
  • Also called Fort William and Mary?
  • 1692 or 1703 renamed Castle William

8 March 1702: Anne Monarchy

  • Queen Anne’s War, 1702:

Hendrickson, Nancy. The Genealogist's U.S. History Pocket Reference: Quick Facts & Timelines of American History to Help Understand Your Ancestors . Family Tree Books. Kindle Edition.

  • 1700 - 1705: Fort Five Constructed - Castle William
  • 1 May 1707: Kingdom of Great Britan


  • 20 March 1776, Castle burned down by British
  • Also called Fort Adams

III. Fort Independence - In Service (1802 - XXXX)

  • 1802 renamed Fort Independence
  • 1827 - Egar Allan Poe stationed there.

Fort Independence - Out of Service (XXXX - Present)

Sources


See also:

Source Notes: Castle History

WikiTree: https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:Records_of_the_Governor_and_Company_of_the_Massachusetts_Bay_in_New_England
FamilySearch: https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/213805?availability=Family%20History%20Library
  • Charlestown Town Records
  • Boston Town Records
  • "The Book of Possessions" for Boston, in Second Report of the Record Commissioners of the City of Boston; containing the Boston Records,1634-1660, and the Book of Possessions, 2nd ed. (Boston 1881)
  • Suffolk Deeds, Volumes 1 through 14 (Boston 1880-1906). Citations to later volumes are from the microfilm copies of the originals.
  • Suffolk County. Massachusetts. Probate Records
  • Boston Births, Baptisms, Man'iages, and Deaths,1630-1699, Ninth Report of the Boston Record Commissioners (Boston 1883; rpt. Baltimore 1978)

Genealogical Profiles

  • Zachariah Gardner Whitman, The history of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company, <rev. and enl.> from its formation in 1637 and charter in 1638, to the present time; comprising the biographies of the distinguished civil, literary, religious, and military men of the colony, province, and commonwealth, 1789-1840. https://archive.org/details/historyofancient00whit/mode/2up


Personal Accounts

Wikitree: https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:Winthrop%27s_Journal
  • John Winthrop, The Wintrop Papers

Castle Biography

  • Edward Rowe Snow, The Islands at Boston Harbor. 2002 edition, Chapter 8, Castle Island, p. 55 -78
  • Edward Rowe Snow, The islands of Boston harbor, 1630-1971, p.62-89
  • William J. Reid, Castle Island and Fort Independence, Boston 1995.
  • MC Goodwine, The Bostonian, Vol II, April-Sept, The Castle - A sketch of Fort Independence, p. 644-654


Supplemental Research

British Resources


Research Notes: The Captains

Part 1: Castle Island Fort (1634 - 1691)

  1. Simpkins-18
  2. Beecher-709
  3. Gibbons-3016
  4. Morris-5858
  5. Sedgwick-11
  6. Coytemore-4
  7. Davenport-1334
  8. Clapp-797
  9. Bulkeley-9
  10. Winthrop-110
  11. Pippon
  12. Fairweather-43

Part II: Fort Castle William ( 1692 - 1802)

  • Elisha Hutchinson capt.1701ish, see military history artillery
  • Adam Winthrop, commander of castle william (Winthrop-185)


Research Notes

Genealogy:

  • Genealogies of each captain
Notables in thier lives

History:

Origins:

  • Timeline what was happening in England
Religious Persecution
Wars
Changes in Monarchy
English Civil War
  • Who occupied Castle Island before English?
  • Physcial description of Island
20 acres (Snow, p.55)
Later changes in land additions
Glacia in origin (Reid, p.3.)
Description of channel (Reid, p.3)
Channel forced traffic to north end of island.
Why not use another route around boston islands?
  • War at the Castle?
Only once 20 March 1776 (Reid, p.3)
  • Who were the men of the Castle?
WikiTree Category?


Beginings:

  • Arrival of English Puritans
Goals
Methods of Governing

Governors

  • Matthew Cradock in England
  • John Endicott, Govern from Salem, 1628 (Reid, p.6)
  • John Winthrop, 1629-1641 (Reid, p.6)
  • Thomas Dudely, 1631 -
  • Edmond Andros,
  • The Manual for the General Court

English Monarchs

  • Charles I -
  • Cromwell -
  • Charles II - 1660 -1685
  • James II - 1685 - 1688
  • William III and Mary II - 1689 - 1702 (Mary 1694)
  • Anne - 1702 - 1714
  • George I - 1714 - 1727
  • George II - 1727 - 1760

Notable Characters

  • Charles La Tour
  • Role of Anne Huchinson
  • William Stoughton, Deputy Gov, connections with Dudley, trip to England with Bulkeley. (Witch Trials, in charge of Castle in 1691).


Need for Military Defense:

  • What was the Floating Fort?
  • Explore Need for Castle
  • How were Castle's Constructed
Men in charge of construction
  • Men of the Castle Garrison
  • Role of the Ancient and Honorable Artilery Company
  • Committee's to oversee the Castle managment, construction, finances
New Colonial Charter with Fairweather
  • Flags flown over the Castle.
Topan, 297
Morris cut English Ensign.
  • Origin of Name Castle Island
No record of how island was named (Reid, p.3.)

Castle Name changes

  • Why the name changes?
  • Fort Independence
  • Fort Adams?
  • Fort Mary and John?
  • Fort Anne?
  • Disease
Smallpox 1617 - 1619 Mass Bay Colony
Measles 1657 - Boston
  • Education:
1636 Harvard Created
1693 William and Mary Created
1701 Yale Established
  • Music
  • “Barbara Allen”
  • “The Bold Soldier”
  • “Death of Wolfe”
  • “The Deceived Maid”
  • “The Girl I Left Behind Me”
  • “Greensleeves”
  • “The Nightingale”
  • “Silkie”
  • Hendrickson, Nancy. The Genealogist's U.S. History Pocket Reference: Quick Facts & Timelines of American History to Help Understand Your Ancestors . Family Tree Books. Kindle Edition.
  • Religion:
Anglican
Baptist
Congregationalist (Puritans)
Dutch Reformed
Lutheran
Presbyterian
Catholic
  • Population (Regional)
1625: 1,980
1641: 50,000
1688: 200,00
1700: 250,888
  • Slavery


Resources

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Memories of Commanders of the Forts at Castle Island




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