US Southern Colonies Province of Carolina History
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Location: Present day NC, TN, SC, GA, N. FL,
Surnames/tags: southern_colonies north_carolina south_carolinaProvince of Carolina History
Location: Present day NC, TN, SC, GA, N. FL,
Surnames/tags: southern_colonies north_carolina south_carolina
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US Southern Colonies Project|US Southern Colonies Sources and Resources Directory|Province of Carolina History
See the table at US Southern Colonies Sources and Resources Directory for links to other US Southern Colonies pages relevant to the Carolinas, to North and South Carolina, to the other southern colonies (Maryland, Virginia, and Georgia), and project-wide pages, such as US Southern Colonies Reliable Sources.
- The purpose of this page is to provide background and resources relevant to the Carolinas prior to the split of North and South Carolina in 1712. It is managed by the Province of Carolina Team of the US Southern Colonies Project.
Colonial History
This profile won Profile of the Week the Second Week week of September 2014.
The Carolina Colony was originally chartered by King Charles in 1629. It included the Cape Fear area of present day North Carolina. [1] [2] This original Charter was ruled invalid because it was never realized. A New Charter was put in place in 1663, granted by King Charles II, and a second one in 1665. [3] These Charters were an attempt to add a buffer between the Spanish and Indians.[4] The Charters included the areas of present day NC, SC, GA, Northern Florida, Al, MS and Southern Louisiana. [5]
Government Structure
- King Charles II
Original Structure
In 1629, Sir Robert Heath was given the southern half of the English land in the New World between 36 degrees and 31 degrees north latitude from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. [6] The land was named “Province of Carolina”. Sir Robert Heath’s attempts at settlement failed and in 1645 he was stripped of all his possessions. including the province of Carolina.[7]
King Charles appointed eight English Noblemen from Virginia as the Lords Proprietors in 1663. They were charged with affecting the settlement of Carolina.[8]
The Eight Lords Proprietors governed Carolina until 1729.
- George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle (1608–1670) Wikitree Profile
- Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon (1609–1674) Wikitree Profile
- John Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton (1602–1678) Wikitree Profile
- William Craven, 1st Earl of Craven (1608–1697) Wikitree Profile
- Sir George Carteret (c. 1610–1680) Wikitree Profile
- Sir William Berkeley (1605–1677) Wikitree Profile
- Sir John Colleton, 1st Baronet (1608–1666) Wikitree Profile
- Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury (1621–1683) Wikitree Profile
Evolution of Government Structure
Unrest over the Lords Proprietors governance caused the Colony to split in 1712 and a Deputy Governor was appointed to govern the Northern part of Carolina.
The Colony was split into three Counties, Albemarle in the north, Clarendon and Craven in the south.[9]
Continued unrest over the Lords Proprietors governance of the Carolina Colony caused the appointment of a royal Governor in 1720 who governed over the southern part of Carolina. Both North and South Carolina became Royal Colonies in 1729. [10]
Maps
Links here checked 1/11/2023
- Hargrett Rare Map Collection, Colonial America
- A New and Exact Map of the Dominions of the King
- Map of the British Empire in America
- Map of the. Battle of Cowpens
- Maps of Africa and the Slave Trade
- Washington Post: 40 Maps that Help Explain the World colonial shipping routes map included Must log in to read
- Historic Routes of Virginia, the Carolinas and Georgia
- Early Maps Showing Carolina
Settlers
- The British Isles Settlers of Carolina
- South Carolina History
- List of the Earliest Settlements of Carolina 1500 to 1600
- Colonial Period of South Carolina
- Melungeon Settlers this group was discovered in the Carolina and Virginia Colonies between 1670 and 1690 and it is believed they had lived in the area for generations.
- Nat. Geographic, Have we Found the Lost Colony of Roanoke Island?
- https://www.ncpedia.org/melungeons
- Melungeons on PBS
- The Roanoke Colony on Wikipedia
- The Lost Colony of Roanoke
- Roanoke
- [http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/explorers/sitee26.htm Albermarle, the First
- The French Huguenot Church in Charleston, SC includes names of settlers back to 1670
- A List of the Early Settlers of Georgia
- Early Settlers of Craven County, NC database
- Names of the First Colonists of South Carolina
Migrating From the Northern Colonies
- Migration Patterns, VA, NC, SC
- Historic Routes of Virginia, the Carolinas and Georgia
- South Carolina Immigration and Emigration
- https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/Old_Cherokee_Path The Cherokee Path]
- Free Pages, Historic Migration Routes from Virginia to South Carolina
- Migration Routes from Pennsylvania to Virginia
- Migration to South Carolina before the Revolution
- Cyndi's List, Migration Routes, Roads and Trails
- Immigration trends of German Settlers South from PA
- North Carolina Out Migration in the 1800s
- Harvard: Immigration to the US, 1789-1930
- Scottish Settlers in the Royal Colony on South Carolina
Links to Ships
- Carolina.com: Carolina
- Carolina.com: Albemarle
- Carolina.com: Port Royal
- SciWay: Joseph and Ann
- SciWay: Susannah
- SciWay: Mary and Sarah
- SviWay: South Carolina Ships' Lists
- SciWay: Passengers to Carolinas 1700s
- Georgia Pioneers searchable ship records by port
Links to Slave Ships and Slave Ship Resouces
- Using Ship Manifests for Slave Research
- List of Slave Trade Ships
- Lists of Slave Trade Ships Inward and Outward Bound
- Slave Manifests for Charleston
- Compass Ships' Lists Inward Slave Manifests for the Port of New Orleans Roll 3, January-March 1822
- Slave Ship Manifests Filed in New Orleans
- Slave Ship Manifests, Mobile, Alabama
Ships List Sources
- The Original Lists of Persons of Quality; Emigrants; Religious Exiles; Political Rebels; Serving Men Sold for a Term of Years; Apprentices; Children Stolen; Maidens Pressed; and Others Who Went from Great Britain to the American Plantations 1600-1700.
- "The First South Carolinians" by St. Julien R. Childs, ("The South Carolina Historical Magazine", Vol. 71 (1970), pp. 101-108; Edited by Joseph I. Waring.)
- The Shaftsbury Papers", edited by Langdon Cheves.The settlers/passengers of the three ships wrote letters to Lord Anthony Ashley Cooper, the Earl of Shaftsbury, in England. He was one of the eight Lords Proprietors. John Locke, the Earl's secretary, organized and compiled papers for the Earl which are known as the "Shaftsbury Papers." The original Shaftsbury Papers are in England but copies may be found in many libraries.
- Bermuda Historical Quarterly. Lefroy. Memorials of the Bermudas.
American Indians
- Santa Elena Indians
- An Introduction to Indian Nations in the United States
- Library of Congress, List of Natuve Tribes
- Indian Affairs, Tribal Directory
- National Indian Law Library Tracing your Genealogy National Indian Law Library, Tracing Your Roots
- First Nation Genealogy, Tracing Roots of American Indian and First. Nation Genealogy
- Description: How to use the Dawes Rolls
- The Dawes Rolls, (Final Rolls of the Citizens and Freedmen of the Five Civilized Tribes in Indian Territory) 1898-1914
- Dawes Index: Cherokee
- Original Natives of Colonial North Carolina
- American Indian Slavery in Carolina
- Florida Native Americans
- Cherokee Rolls
- Apalachee Nation
- Hitchiti Tribe
- Shawnee Tribe
- Santa Elena Tribe
- Cape Fear Indians
- 'Santa Elena Village, SC
Indentured Servants
- Slavery and Indentured Servants, Law Library of American Memory
- Indentured Servant Links
- PriceGen: Links for Indentured Servants
- Without Indenture: Index to White Slave Children
Slaves
- Slaves Working in Tabacco
- Without Indenture: Index to White Slave Children
- PBS African American Migrations
- African Name Database
- UNC: Slave Narratives from 1749
- Library of Congress: Slaves and the Courts, 1740-1860
- Aquila: Documenting Runaway Slaves Project
- Mulatto Diaries
- The Gullah, Rice Slaves
- Sierra Leonean American
- Middleton Place, Slave Schedules
- Thomas Middleton Plantation book 1734-1813
- African slave Trade 1788
- NPS: Sullivan's Island, the African American Ellis Island
- An Archealogical Investigation of Sullivan's Island Pest Houses
- American Indian Slavery in Carolina
- Alabama Slave Records
- Lawton Slave HolderSC
- Marion County, SC Slave Records, 1780-1820
- Marion County, SC Slave Records, 1820-1860
- Marion County, SC Slave Records, 1860-
- Slaves Named in Marion County Wills, 1798-1855
- Fort Rose, Carolina Slaves Brought to Florida
- Slaves, Plantation of James Joyner Smith
- The Hands of Hampton, Slavery in a St. John Santee Rice Plantation has a list of slaves by name
- Compass Ships' Lists Inward Slave Manifests for the Port of New Orleans Roll 3, January-March 1822
- History of Slaves in Thomasville, Georgia
- Wikipedia: Sea IslandsGeorgia
- Ebos (Ibos) Landing flying slaves
- Hamilton Plantation St. Simon's Island
- Slave Trade in New Orleans
- Slave Ship Manifests Filed in New Orleans
- Ames Plantation and Slave Graveyard West Tennessee
- Mississippi Digital Library: Documenting Runaway Slaves
Slave Markets
- Charleston Slave Mart Museum
- Slave Market, Atlanta, GA
- Slave Matket Loiusville, GA
- Slave Market, Fayettville, NC
- Montgomery, Alabama Slave Market
- Forks of the Road Slave Market, Natchez, Mississippi
First Hand Accounts and Other Reports
- Eyewitness to History Savannah Slave Auction of 1859
- PBS The Weeping Time, A Slave Aution in Savannah, GA
- Savannah and the Slave Business
- Unearthing the Weeping Time
- Slave Narratives from the Federal Writer's Project
Political Prisoners
Penal Transportation
Economic Resources and Information
- Colonial Economies, 1720
- Economic Aspect of Tobacco during the Colonial Period, 1612-1776
- South Carolina Rice Plantations
- Bioarchaeological Studies of Life in the Age of Agriculture, edited by Patricia M. Lambert
- Rice and Indigo Production in Colonial South Carolina
Conflicts Within The Colony
- Battle of Sullivan's Island
- Apalachee Massacre
- (1711-1715) Tuscarora War Eastern NC
- (1715-1717) Yamesee War
- (1718) Pirate Blackbeard blockaded Charles Town Harbor; took hostages for ransom; pirate Stede Bonnet captured, hanged in Charles Town
- (1719) Citizens of South Carolina rebel against Lords Proprietor, James Moore elected governor
- (1739) 40 blacks, 21 whites died in Stono Rebellion
- (1748) Battle of Bloody Marsh
- (1755) Battle of Great Cane Brake
- (1758 - 1761) Anglo Cherokee Wars
- (1776) Attack on Fort Moultrie also known as Battle of Sullivan's Island
- (1780) British troops landed on John's Island, warships anchored within broadside range of Charles Town, Army crossed Ashley river and established line of breastworks; encircled civilian population; siege lasted 40 days; Charles Town surrendered to British
- (1780) Battle of King's Mountain
- (1781) Revolutionary leader, Col. Isaac Hayne, hanged by British outside Charles Town city limits; American forces retake most of South Carolina, advanced to within 15 miles of Charles Town
- (1781) Seige of Ninety-Six - Continental Army Major General Nathanael Greene led 1,000 troops in a siege against the 550 Loyalists in the fortified village of Ninety Six, South Carolina
- (1781) Battle of Cowpens
- (1781) Battle of Guilford Courthouseu
- (1782) British Army defeated; left Charles Town
Research Resources
Free
- A Key to Southern Pedigrees, being a comprehensive guide to the colonial ancestry of families in the States of Virginia, Maryland, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Kentucky, Tennessee, West Virginia and Alabama - Crozier, William Armstrong, 1864-1913. On label on t.p.: Genealogical Pub. Co., Baltimore, distributors
- Daughters of the American Revolution Research System
- Sons of the American Revolution Patriot and Graves Index
- Library of Congress, Colonial and Early America
- National Archives Records of British Colonies and Dependencies
- National Archives, Pre-Federal Records
- National Archives, Pictures of the Revolutionary War
- Library of Congree Ship Arrivals and Passengers, Colonial Immigration
- Full text of "A bibliography of ship passenger lists, 1538-1825; being a guide to published lists of early immigrants to North America"
- National Archives, Passenger Lists for the Middle Colonies
- Encyclopedia of. North American Immigration ebook
North Carolina
- Battle of Guiliford Courthouse
- Province of Carolina on wikiPedia
- North Carolina Resource Page
- History of County Formations in North Carolina 1664-1965
- Colonial Records of North Carolina
- North Carolina Land Records through 1783
- Family Search, NC Military Records
- Southern Campaign, Pension Applications for Revolutionary War Soldiers
- North Carolina Loyalist Units
- Library of Congress: Revolutionary War, Southern Phase classroom material
- Roster of Soldiers from NC in the American Revolution
South Carolina
- Battle of Cowpens
- Province of Carolina on wikiPedia
- South Carolina Resource Page
- South Carolina Archives, Repositories and Special Collections Guide
- National Huguenot Society
- French Protestant Huguenot Church, Charleston, South Carolina
- Proprietary Records of South Carolina, Vol. 3, 1679 Abstracts of the Records of the Surveyor General
- Names of First Colonist of South Carolina
- Southern Campaign, Pension Applications for Revolutionary War Soldiers
- Sources for the American Revolution, South Carolina Archives PDF
- The American Revolutionary War in South Carolina, Military Patriots, Captains
- The American Revolutionary War in South Carolina, Military Patriots, Sergeants
- American Revolution in South Carolina, Privates, Horsemen, Fifers, Drummers: Names Begunning with "C"
- American Revolution in South Carolina, Privates, Horsemen, Fifers, Drummers: Names Begunning with "S"
- 1779 Census, District 96
- Colonial and Revolutionary History of Upstate South Carolina by L.B.O. Landrum
- Full text of "King's Mountain and its heroes : history of the Battle of King's Mountain, October 7th, 1780, and the events which led to it"
- Clemson Univetsity: South Carolina Loyalists
Georgia
- Fort Frederica, St. Simon's Island
- Province of Carolina on Wikipedia
- Georgia Resource Page
- [*Savannah Municipal Slavery Project
- Library of Congress, Establishing the Georgia Colony
- Wormsloe Plantation
- Georgia Colonial Records
- Oglethorpe Plan
- Savannah Georgia Official Burial Records
- James Edward Oglethorpe Collection beginning in 1637
- Debtors in Georgia
- An Accounting of the First Settling of the Colony of Georgia (journal)
- Georgia's Roster of the Revolution
- Southern Campaign, Pension Applications for Revolutionary War Soldiers
- Fort Frederic
- Fort King George
- Jospeh's Colony an early colony, settlers were originally brought over on the ship Prince of Wales. It was populated by Scottish Highlanders and depended on indentured servants due to Georgia's ban on slavery. It is a vanished colony.
- Georgia's Historical Press
Florida
- British West Florida in 1767
- Province of Carolina on wikiPedia
- Florida Timeline
- Establishing St. Augustine in Florida
- History of the First Settlements, Florida Keys
- British West Florida
- Southern Campaign, Pension Applications for Revolutionary War Soldiers
Alabama
Mississippi
Louisianna
WikiTree Resources
Existing Categories
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia
Florida
Alabama
Mississippi
Louisianna
Cemeteries
- Colonial Park Cemetery, Entrance
- French Huguenot Church Cemetery, Charleston, SC dates back to 1670
- Colonial Park Cemetery, Savannah, GA dates from 1750
- Tolomato Cemetery, St. Augustine, Florida Catholic from 1783
- Old Burying Grounds, Beaufort, NC from 1781
- Old Waxhaw Presbyterian in Lancaster, SC from 1757
- Midway Cemetery, GA from 1742
- Chatham County Tombstone Transcription Project Georgia
- Boiling Springs First Baptist Church Cemetery, Boiling Springs, SC from 1758
- First Presbyterian Church, Knoxville, TN from 1790
- Colonial Park Cemetery, East Wall
Slave Cemeteries
Note: Slave and free African Americans are typically both buried in the cemeteries listed below as freed men continued to work in the same area.
- Find A Grave, Slave Cemeteries
- South Carolina African American Cemeteries and Graveyards
- Drayton Hall Ashley River, SC dating from 1790
- McLeod Plantation Slave Cemetery South Carolina
- Find A Grave Middleton Place Plantation Slave Cemetery
- Blackstock Slave CemeteryFort Mill, SC
- Laurel Grove Cemetery South slave burials
- Slave Burial Ground at Calhoun Square Savannah, Ga
- Christ Church Slave Cemetery St. Simon's, GA
- Sullivan Island Cemetery Coastal Georgia
- Black Swamp Cemetery Beaufort, SC
- Old Cemetery, Thomasville, GA slaves buried alongside owners
- Engraved Database Projrct of Enslaved African American Graves
- Archeological Investigation of Tennessee Slave Cemetery
Paid Resource Sites
- Genealogy.com Colonial Land Records
- Fold3 Revolutionary War Pensions
- Fold3 Lowcountry African American Slave Records
Photos and Images
G2G Questions & Answers
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia
Florida
Alabama
Mississippi
Louisianna
Related Free Space Pages
Surname/Family Pages
- My Revolutionary Soldiers Green, Seay, Chapman, Wyatt, Blanton, Harris, and others
- Seay Family Soldiers
Sources for this Page
- ↑ Charter of Carolina
- ↑ Medley, Mary Louise (1976). History of Anson County, North Carolina, 1750-1976. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company. p. 1. ISBN 9780806347554
- ↑ A Brief History of the Carolina Colonies
- ↑ Peter Charles Hoffer (14 December 2006). The Brave New World: A History of Early America. JHU Press. p. 323. ISBN 978-0-8018-8483-2
- ↑ NC Pedia: Carolina Charters, 1663-1665
- ↑ Avalon Project: Sir Robert Heath's Patent 5
- ↑ Carolina Founder: Sir Robert Heath
- ↑ "His Royal Highness’s Grant to the Lords Proprietors, Sir George Carteret, 29th July, 1674". The Avalon Project
- ↑ Celebrate Boston: Carolina Colony
- ↑ South Carolina Royal Governor
See also:
- History of the USA, Carolina
- South Carolina's Maritime History, an Annotated Bibliography
- The Great Pennsylvania Wagon Road Expanding to the west: Settlement of the Piedmont region, 1730 to 1775, BY CHRISTOPHER E. HENDRICKS AND J. EDWIN HENDRICKS
- ncpedia The Great Wagon Road
Helps and Tips
Research Tips
- Burned County Research how to research areas where records have been destroyed
- How to use Ship Manifests for Slave Research
- How to use the Dawes Rolls for Native American Research
Migrating Ancestor Template
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... ... ... migrated from Maryland to Virginia.
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Paula
I intend to begin the process of renaming the Colony-level US Southern Colonies pages with "British" in their name to "... History" - see https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:US_Southern_Colonies_Sources_and_Resources_Directory (the list under the table).
The new name of this page will be "US Southern Colonies Province of Carolina History". This will be one among seven pages to be named in that pattern. Please give a holler if you have objections so an alternate naming pattern can be explored before the renaming to "... History" begins.
Thanks!
edited by Liz (Noland) Shifflett
Thanks!
Cheers, Berry
Berry B. Henderson is jumping in to help us out!
Mags
Great idea! Now, how do we incorporate the other two resource pages for North and South Carolina? Do we put the links on here or just have a separate page for the overall colony? I'll leave this to you and Mags to hammer out since this is your specialty. :)