William Wallace Tooke

Ancestors

Problems/Questions Profile manager: William Wallace Tooke [send private message]

William Wallace Tooke is a member of Clan Hay.

Interests

My (our) most distant relative to date...

Ellen Smith and William Wallace Tooke are 9th cousins [1]

Ellen and William Wallace are 9th cousins

Ellen Smith and William Wallace Tooke are both descendants of Marten (Ysselsteyn) Van Ysselsteyn.

Tooke Websites

Tooke and Related Families of Bruce County, Ontario, Canada [[2]]

Tooke and Related Families of North Pickenham, and Houghton-on-the-Hill [[3]]

Tooke and Related Families of Thompson [[4]]

Tooke and Related Families of Norfolk, and Suffolk [[5]]

Tuck, Tooke, and other Surname Variants: One Name Study [[6]]

Tooke Surname Navigation Page [7]

McIntosh and Related Families of Stanbridge, Missisqoui, Quebec, Canada [[8]]

Kett and Related Families of East Anglia [9]

Klemmer

All results for Johann Ludwig Klemmer [10]

All Public Member Trees results for Johann Ludwig Klemmer [11]

Good [12] [13] [14] [15]

All Family Trees results for Klemmer [16]

Good [17] [18]

Anna Wilhelmina Klemmer

All results for Anna Wilhelmina Klemmer [19]

Liesemer

All results for Conrad Liesemer [20]

All results for Heinrich Liesemer [21]

Conrad Liesemer

All results for Conrad Liesemer [22]

Peter Daniel Liesemer

All Family Trees results for Peter Daniel Liesemer [23]

mike_morris62 [24]

bliesemer [25]

Alice Liesemer

All results for Alice Liesemer [26]

Lloyd George Liesemer

All Family Trees results for Lloyd George Liesemer [27]

Wikitree Experience

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More technically, it's the list of profiles on which you are on the Trusted List. [33]

Ancestry

Houghton On The Hill [34]

http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/en/microfilm/vsfaq.aspx www.ancestry.ca/secure/Login

http://search.ancestry.ca/search/db.aspx?dbid=1030

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Ancestry Significant Document Coverage

Ontario, Canada Births, 1858-1913 [35]

This database is an index to over 2 million births that were registered in Ontario between 1869 and 1913.

Ontario, Canada, Marriages, 1785-1935 [36] [37]

This database is an index to approximately 3.3 million marriages recorded in Ontario, Canada between 1801 and 1928, and 1933 and 1935. Each entry includes the names of each spouse, the marriage date, the marriage county, and for marriages recorded between 1858 and July 1869, the age and residence of each spouse, the birthplace of each spouse, and the names of both spouses’ parents.

Ontario, Canada, Deaths and Deaths Overseas, 1869-1947 [38]

This database is an index to over 2 million deaths that were registered in Ontario from 1869 to 1938, and 1943 to 1945. The database also includes deaths of Ontario military personnel overseas from 1939-1947.

https://familysearch.org/wiki/en/Ontario_Vital_Records

Present Research Topics

Manorial Records

This was the court baron or manorial court, which all freeholders whose terms of tenure included suit of court and copyholders were obliged to attend. [39]

A suit roll was kept for the homage sworn by tenants; if they were absent, a fine would be imposed. [40]

While in theory all men over 12 attended each court, it is likely that in practice only the manorial officers, offenders, jurymen, witnesses, litigants and pledges and those involved in land transfers came to the court. [41]

The recording of transfers of copyhold land holdings and sub-lettings allowed the steward to keep rentals (lists of rents due from each tenant) up to date. Before anyone could claim a tenancy by inheritance, he or she had to appear before the court and prove their succession, by descent or by a will and then pay a heriot, a sum due to the lord upon taking up the tenancy. If tenants wished to sell, mortgage or sublet their holdings, the existing tenant had to "surrender" the land to the lord in court, acknowledging the lord's ownership of the land; the land was then granted by the lord to the new tenant, who swore fealty to the lord and paid the entry fine. The terms of the tenancy were recorded as being "according to the custom of the manor". [42]

Although the fine system survived on church property into the nineteenth century, elsewhere the system of levying fines on the grant or renewal of leases was gradually abandoned by landlords after 1660. They sought then to maximise their income and began to grant instead short annual leases to their tenants for as much as they could get in what came to be called rack rents. [43]

rack rent (countable and uncountable, plural rack rents) 1. An excessive rent, sometimes equal or nearly equal to the annual value of the property. [44]

To transfer property it was first surrendered to the lord who then admitted the new tenant, upon payment of a fee, termed a fine, except in cases of inheritance where it was a smaller sum called a relief. [45]

Miscellaneous

Dating

Calendar Years

1752 was the first year in England to officially begin on 1 January. Until the Calendar Act of 1752, the year in England began officially on 25 March (Lady Day), and not 1 January (even though this was when New Year’s Day was celebrated).

Thus the year number did not change until 25 March, so taking 1558 as an example, the dates ran as follows:So if you see a document dated any time between January and 24 March before 1752, be aware that in modern terms, you need to add a year. In publications you may see this written as January 1750/51, the year as it was known at the time / the year as we know it now. This is also known as OS (Old Style) and NS (New Style).

The Calendar Act 1752 brought about further changes. In 1582 Pope Gregory XIII had reformed the calendar, then in use, known as the Julian Calendar (named after Julius Caesar). The Julian Calendar did not correspond exactly to the solar year. The new Gregorian Calendar cut 10 days from the year in adjustment. Other Catholic countries followed and adopted the Gregorian Calendar but England, being Protestant, did not. England therefore remained 10 days behind the New Style Calendar. By 1752 England was some 11 days behind other European countries. So in 1752 these days had to be cut out of the year to make the adjustment. Therefore Wednesday 2 September 1752 was followed immediately by Thursday 14 September.

In Scotland, 1 January became the official beginning of the year in 1600, the day after 31 December 1599. [46]

Regnal Years

Some documents will be dated not by the calendar year but by the regnal year - how long the ruling monarch had been on the throne.

‘1 Elizabeth I’ means the first year of the reign of Elizabeth I. Elizabeth I came to the throne on 17 November 1558, so 1 Elizabeth I means some time between 17 November 1558 and 16 November 1559.

Watch out for documents written in the reign of Charles II. Although he came to the throne in May 1660, after the Commonwealth period, he actually calculated his regnal year as beginning on 30 January 1649, the date of the execution of his father Charles I. So documents written in the first year that Charles II was genuinely on the throne would actually be styled 12 Charles II.

For more information about dates (including saints days, regnal years, religious festivals and terms of the law courts) see C.R. Cheney and M. Jones (eds), ‘A Handbook of Dates: For Students of British History’ (Cambridge University Press, revd 2000). [47]

Prior to 1752, the first month of the new year in the church calendar was March. Accordingly, January was the 11th month and February the 12th month in that system. [48]

Latin Latin was the official language of many documents written in England before 1733. [49]

A further difficulty with manorial records is that, except for the 1650s, the rolls are in highly abbreviated Latin until 1733. [50]

Meanings...

Copyhold

(Tenancy by Copy, Tenancy by the Verge) Tenure protected by title written into the manor court roll, of which he was provided with a copy (hence the name). The tenure was transferred by first surrendering it to the lord who held the fee simple, and then the new tenant paid a fine(often quite hefty) to be admitted to the copyhold, but the annual rent would be nominal. Copyholders of lands worth £10 or more were liable for jury service as were freeholders (qv).

Since the 17th century, at least, copyhold could not be newly created. Thus if the tenure changed from copyhold to either leasehold or freehold then the copyhold was extinguished and the land was now enfranchised and could not be copyhold again. As the actual value of the rents decreased over time landlords were keen to replace copyhold with the more lucrative leasehold system so there was a steady replacement from the 16th century. Enfranchisement of copyhold lands was made easier from 1841 and this type of land tenure was abolished in 1922 when all copyhold lands were made freehold. [51]

Court Baron

Court held by the lord of the manor or his steward, to administer the customs of the manor and enforce payment of dues and services. [52]

The court baron was the principal type of manorial court . It administered the customs of the manor and dealt with any offences against it. It also recorded the surrender and admission to copyhold land, held of the manor. It dealt with various matters affecting the local community, such as the regulation of agricultural affairs, the enforcement of labour services, the administration of justice for minor crimes, and the election of local officials. A court baron would typically have been held every three or four weeks, although for some manors the gap between courts could have been much larger. [53]

Court Leet

Court held by the lord of the manor or his steward, to deal with the administration of local justice for offences against the manor.[54]

The court leet was more concerned with the enforcement of law and order and represented the transfer of jurisdiction normally exercised in the royal courts to the local, manorial lord. It inspected the working of the frankpledge - a system of mutual responsibility for the maintenance of law and order. This is often referred to as the 'view of frankpledge'. It would also try offences such as assaults, obstruction of highways, or the breaking of the assize of bread and ale. It might also deal with the election of local officials such as constables. The court leet was normally held every six months. [55]

Leasehold

Tenure of land held by a lease either for a fixed number of years (usually a multiple of seven) or for a certain number of stated lives. When one of the lives died a fee could be paid to insert a new name into the lease.

Long-term leaseholders of lands worth £20 or more were entered on jury lists from 1730 (see freeholders). [56]

Quit-rent

Quit rent, quit-rent, or quitrent, is a tax or land tax imposed on occupants of freehold or leased land in lieu of services to a higher landowning authority, usually a government or its assigns. Under feudal law, the payment of quit rent (Latin Quietus Redditus, pl. Redditus Quieti)[1] freed the tenant of a holding from the obligation to perform such other services as were obligatory under feudal tenure,[2] or freed the occupier of the land from the burden of having others use their own distinct rights that affected the land (e.g. hunting rights which would have hindered farming). Thus it was a payment for distinct rights that were connected with the full enjoyment of the land but not parcelled up in the ownership of the land. Formally it was a sort of buy-back rather than a tax. [57]

Quit-rent, a rent the payment of which frees the tenant of a holding from other services such as were obligatory under feudal tenure. [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Nuttall_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Q#Quit-rent

Quit Rent A fixed annual rent which released a manorial or burgage (town copyhold) tenant from manorial service. It is not the same as a peppercorn rent (a very low rent), and quit rent was only abolished in 1922. [58]

Suit Roll List of people (‘suitors’) eligible to attend the manorial court. [59]

Records

Each 'roll' usually began with a heading which stated the name of the manor in question on the left, and would then record the type of court, the name of the lord of the manor, where the court was held and when, and the name of the presiding official.

After the heading, the business of the court was normally divided into distinct sections. There may well be a list of the names of tenants who failed to attend the court; a record of changes in tenancy such as surrenders and admissions; a list of names of manorial jurors; a list of 'presentments', or offences to be considered by the jury; details of amercements, or fines, issued by the jury for offences; a list of 'pains', or regulations of the manor; and a record of the election of officials. [60]  

Accounts

Accounts of the manorial income and expenditure would have been kept by the manor's steward or bailiff. Each account would nearly always cover a single year, running from Michaelmas (29 September) to Michaelmas and would take the form of a 'charge and discharge'. The 'charge' was effectively the income, or monies received by the steward. These might be from rents, the sale of produce or from fines issued in the manorial court. The 'discharge' was a record of expenditure, or monies paid out by the steward - perhaps for purchasing corn or livestock, repairing buildings or paying for labour.    Manorial accounts were often also preserved as a 'roll' and sometimes there might be both a draft and final version of the account included. The figures were usually set out according to a fairly standard format: they would begin with a record of the cash account, with details of the charge and discharge; next they might have a record of the corn account (a record of corn harvested or sown, for example), again with the charge and discharge; then they might have a record of the livestock account (for examples calves born on the manor or pigs dying), also with a charge and discharge; finally, there might be sections recording labour services due and performed, land available and how it was used, or implements which were remaining at the end of each year. At the end of every section there would be a balance, with a final balance at the end of the whole account. [61]

Rentals

A rental was a list of the names of all tenants who held land in the manor, together with a description of the land they held and a record of the rent they paid. The rent might be in cash or in produce. Sometimes rentals might also include details of the services due from each tenant. Rentals were not made as frequently as court rolls or accounts - for example a rental may only have been made when a new lord of the manor was taking over - and as a result, they do not survive in as large numbers.

It was common that rentals would also take the form of a roll, written on either parchment or paper. Again, they would be organised in a fairly standardised way, possibly with the tenants dealt with by type of tenure, and then possibly on a place-by-place or parish-by-parish basis. [62]

Custumals

Custumals were a survey of rents, services and other obligations owed by tenants to the lord of the manor, and also of the rights and obligations of the lord. They might sometimes begin with a recital of the 'customs' of the manor. They formed a legal and theoretical record of rights and obligations and as time went on, the services and produce listed in them might be commuted to monetary payments. The 'customs' would vary significantly from manor to manor. [63]

Extents

An extent was a description and valuation of all the items on the manor. The valuation was essentially the amount which could be got for the item if it were leased out. It was usually written in a set order, beginning with the manor house and its gardens and grounds, then moving on to mills, then to the demesne land (divided into sections for arable, meadow, pasture and woods) then setting out details of tenants' rents and services, and concluding with the total value of the manor. Extents were normally earlier in date than rentals, reflecting the movement away from demesne lands being worked by the lords of the manor themselves, to being leased out for rents. [64]

Handwriting

Handwriting

Palaeography: reading old handwriting:1500 – 1800 A practical online tutorial https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/palaeography/default.htm

Important Points

Secretary Alphabet Examples

“T” [65]

and

“t” [66]

Alphabet Charts

Below are sample alphabets of the four major scripts used in early modern English-language documents. EXAMPLES OF THE 4 MAIN SCRIPTS [67]

Letter Variants

Good examples of written examples of letter variants of the four major scripts [68]

THE HANDS

MAIN SCRIPTS

There are four main scripts, or hands, used in English documents between 1500 and 1800. These four hands are just general terms that cover innumerable variations and combinations. The four hands are:

Round Hand – in use since the early 1800s Italic – in use from the 1500s to early 1800s century Secretary – in use from 1400s to mid-1800s (though mostly obsolete by 1750) Court – in use from the late middle ages to early 1700s

ENGLISH ROUND HAND English Round Hand is the handwriting in use today in the English-speaking world. It was consistently in use by the mid-19th century, but elements of it were often in use long before that.

ITALIC Italic should not be confused with italics; Italic hand is very similar to English Round Hand, but contains some older letter forms (the long “s” that looks like an “f” to modern readers) and doesn’t always include modern letter forms (“j” as a separate structure from “i”). Italic hand was the most common hand in the 18th century, but elements of it are found in English documents going back to the 16th century. Italic refers to the importation of Italian writing on English handwriting. Because it was faster – connecting the letters and strokes – it came to dominate legal and personal writings.

SECRETARY HAND Secretary Hand was used from the late middle ages until the early eighteenth century. While Round Hand and Italic Hand are largely comprehensible to current readers, Secretary Hand, at first glance, appears archaic and almost like it isn’t English at all. This website concentrates on Secretary Hand, as it is the one which dominates early modern (1500-1800) manuscripts, yet is unfamiliar to most readers.

COURT HAND Court Hand is shorthand for a variety of hands that developed in the different legal courts of medieval England. Its angular look, letters formed mostly from single strokes, distinguishes it from the more connected scripts that followed it. This website does not offer much instruction specifically in Court Hand, but instead highlights places where Court Hand continued to influence how letters were written long after Court Hand, strictly speaking, was in wide use. Even the influence of Court Hand had disappeared by the mid-1700s.

As should be clear from the above description, documents can often contain elements of two or three different scripts. Using the alphabet charts will help you identify the different elements of the various hands. [69]

ALPHABET CHARTS

Below are sample alphabets of the four major scripts used in early modern English-language documents.

EXAMPLES OF THE 4 MAIN SCRIPTS [70]

N.B. Good examples of written sample alphabets of the four major scripts

Early Modern Handwriting: Alphabets

The traditional method of learning the calligraphic hands described and illustrated on this site, dating from the earliest manuscript and print copy-books, has been emulation and replication of alphabets. In this section of the course, we offer a number of different alphabets designed to meet the reference and copying needs of the student. Careful practice in reproducing the letter forms illustrated here will not only impress them more firmly on the mind, but will expose the method used in forming the letters--stroke by stroke--which, as any experienced palaeographer will attest, is crucial to a thorough grasp of the origin, evolution, and interpretation of scripts.

Please choose from the links below. The links to individual letter-forms contain illustrations drawn from the manuscripts collected on this site, and present roughly chronological accounts of the letters as they appear in English documents between 1500 and 1700. The links to complete alphabets, which will appear in a larger window, contain illustrations developed after models in early modern writing manuals. Close the pop-up windows to return to this page, and through it to other parts of the site. [71]

N.B. Good examples of written examples of letter variants of the four major scripts

SEVENTEENTH CENTURY documents...[72]

EIGHTEENTH CENTURY documents...[73]

ABBREVIATIONS

Readers of old documents will very quickly come across what look like very strange squiggles and dashes above or in between letters. These are actually abbreviation marks - they have been put in by the writer to show that he or she has deliberately omitted one or more letters. This was done for two reasons - for speed of writing, and to save space on the page, as parchment was very expensive. Abbreviations were standard across Europe, and any educated person would have understood them at a glance. A modern equivalent would be this abbreviation sign: which means 'at', and is recognised by everyone today.

N.B. Forms of abbreviation in common use 1500 – 1800.[74]

When reading old documents one of the first things you might notice are spelling inconsistencies. In early records words were spelled phonetically and could be spelled and abbreviated differently in the same document. Spelling did not become standardized until the 19th century with the availability and circulation of dictionaries and the expansion of compulsory education. The famous quote from Thomas Jefferson, "You should never trust a man who has only one way to spell a word." should be a good indication of what to expect when reading old records.[1]

Further complicating the reading old handwritten records is use of multiple abbreviations. Because of the repeated use of the same words in records of the same type, most scribes would speed up the recording process and save paper, ink and time by abbreviating common names and other words using certain abbreviating conventions.

Some of the information on this page, including direct quotes (unless otherwise noted), was drawn from Palaeography for Family and Local Historians by Hilary Marshall (Phillimore, 2004). All images come from the Land Indenture/Title Deed Collection located at the L. Tom Perry Special Collections at Brigham Young University.

Below are several types of abbreviations found in English documents: [75]

N.B. Good examples of written abbreviations...

Spelling

Spelling in English was not standardised until the 18th century. Before then, words were often spelt phonetically (as they sound) and in local dialects. Vowel sounds in particular could be written in a variety of different ways, depending on how the writer said the word. A writer would often spell the same word in different ways in one document.

Archaic words: You may find that you have transcribed a word perfectly, and yet still not know what it says. In this case it is important to look in a good dictionary, as the word may be one which has fallen out of modern use. Often however it is merely a matter of saying the word out loud - although you should take your regional dialect into consideration if you decide to try this! Look at this word:

belhaus

Out of context, you might think this is a bell tower. However, it appeared in an inventoryof someone's kitchen, so it had to be something which the average person would have in their kitchen. Try saying it out loud. The word in modern spelling is:

bellows

Also take into consideration the following:

Use of y for i, for example myne = mine. Interchangeable i and j. Iohn = John. Maiestie = Majesty. Interchangeable u and v, such as euer = ever. vnto = unto Long 's'. Don't get long s and f mixed up. The 'f' will have a cross stroke, even if it's hardly noticeable, and the context will make it clear whether it is a long 's' or an 'f'. Writers would often use both long and short 's', sometimes even in the same word. Use of a single consonant where you would find two in modern English, such as al - all. Use of two consonants where you would find one in modern English, such as allways - always. Minims. A minim is a single downstroke of the pen. An 'i' is therefore one minim, an 'n' or 'u' is made up of two minims, and a 'm' three. In modern handwriting, where each letter is individually formed and the 'i's are dotted, these letters do not cause any problems of comprehension. But in old handwriting, particularly in cursive hands , where the writer was writing very quickly and possibly not forming the joining strokes, they can be very hard to tell apart.

One way to deal with this, if it is not clear what the letters are, is to count the minims and work out the combinations of letters they could represent. From the context of the rest of the sentence, you should be able to work out the word. Use your common sense - even if a word really does look like thmg, no such word exists, so it must be thing. [76]

Latin

Beginner's Latin

http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/latin/beginners/default.htm

Reading dates and numbers in Latin and English documents

http://www.archives.norfolk.gov.uk/view/NCC098535

Illegitimacy

http://www.archives.norfolk.gov.uk/view/NCC098543

Eliza Barber-Burton Court Records...[77]

Heraldry

Heraldry [78]

The Visitations of Norfolk 1563, 1589, and 1613 [79]

Military Research

Digitization of Canadian Expeditionary Force Service Files[80][81]

Search: Database [82]

Contacted

Marcia

https://www.ancestry.ca/family-tree/person/tree/19314522/person/784194045/facts

Terry

https://www.ancestry.ca/family-tree/tree/25146574/family

Family History Centre

Prince George British Columbia [83]

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Valuable Computer Stuff

Manipulating PDF Files

Download PDFill-PDF-Editor [84]...Use the print option to create a file that one can manipulate: rotate, and split...

How do you remove or delete a photo?

[[85]]

Uploading Gedcom Files

Uploading Gedcom Files [86]

Downloading a GEDCOM File from Ancestry

https://support.ancestry.com/s/article/ka215000000TyGNAA0/Uploading-Downloading-GEDCOM-Files-Ancestry-US-1460088563407-2171

Personal Ancestral File Software

http://parowansoftware.com/

Legacy

http://www.legacyfamilytree.com/DownloadStepX.asp

Exporting from Another System

https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Splitting_a_GEDCOM

HOW TO SPLIT GEDCOMS IN PAF 5.2

Go to FILE ( up on top) Slide down menu to EXPORT [1] Click the radio buttons  :

Select Other Gedocom 5.5 [2] Select PARTIAL

When you select PARTIAL, you are in the section where it shows the number 0 (zero) for individuals. Click on the button SELECT . SELECTED dialogue box opens [3]

You select who you want to export There is a dropdown menu in the section “Relationship Filter” You can select individually, by families, by couples.

PAY ATTENTION to the number calculated as you select [4] DO NOT TOUCH other Filters. Click OK

Back to dialogue box . Click EXPORT The SAVE AS box opens up where you can save the GEDCOM file on your computer You can save as type in GEDCOM ( .ged) ; PAF will assign a name to it or as ALL FILES where you can name it yourself. I always save as type ALL FILES ( in dropdown menu), assign a name on my desktop. UPLOAD to WikiTree .

[1] You can ignore the INCLUDE aspects or you can uncheck what you do not want exported.

[2] Ignore the dropdown menu for character set. It is typically set at UFT-8

[3] And here’s where the fun begins!

[4] It’s either in the SELECTED or TOTAL COUNT. Start small, maybe 500 people.

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1GBQQwK0HrYReE2TmEIW4sAAJ_H1UkHeYAoYVsix0G9w/pub?embedded=true

Exporting a GEDCOM

https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Exporting_a_GEDCOM

Compress and uncompress files (zip files)

Compressed files take up less storage space and can be transferred to other computers more quickly than uncompressed files. You can work with compressed files and folders in the same way that you work with uncompressed files and folders. You can also combine several files into a single compressed folder. This makes it easier to share a group of files.

Show contentHide content To compress (or zip) a file or folder Locate the file or folder that you want to compress.

Right-click the file or folder, point to Send to, and then click Compressed (zipped) folder.

A new compressed folder is created in the same location. To rename it, right-click the folder, click Rename, and then type the new name.

Show contentHide content To extract (or unzip) files or folders from a compressed folder Locate the compressed folder that you want to extract files or folders from.

Do one of the following:

To extract a single file or folder, double-click the compressed folder to open it. Then, drag the file or folder from the compressed folder to a new location.

To extract the entire contents of the compressed folder, right-click the folder, click Extract All, and then follow the instructions.

Notes If you add encrypted files to a compressed folder, the files will be unencrypted when extracted, which might result in unintentional disclosure of personal or sensitive information. For that reason, you should avoid compressing encrypted files.

Some types of files, like JPEG pictures, are already highly compressed. If you compress several JPEG pictures into a folder, the total size of the folder will be about the same as the original collection of pictures. If you want to make pictures smaller to send in e‑mail, see Send pictures in e‑mail.

If you've already created a compressed folder and you want to add a new file or folder to it, drag the files that you want to add to the compressed folder.

Related

Cousins

13th Cousins through the Kett family [87]...

How I'm Related to Big Important People

William Wallace is the33th great grandson King Halfdansson [88]

Lt. Col. Thomas Edward (T. E.) "Lawrence of Arabia" and William Wallace are 18th cousins twice removed [89]

Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (Lewis Carroll) and William Wallace Tooke are 15th cousins once removed.[90]

Eric Arthur "George Orwell" Blair and William Wallace are 17th cousins once removed (Uncertain) [91]

William I the Conqueror is the 27th great grandfather of William Wallace [92]

Charles Darwin and William Wallace are 15th cousins three times removed (Uncertain) [93]

Franklin Delano Roosevelt and William Wallace Tooke are 7th cousins twice removed [94]

Alfred Lord Tennyson and William Wallace Tooke are 16th cousins (Uncertain) [95]

David Hume and William Wallace Tooke are 17th cousins 6 times removed (Uncertain) [96]

Charles Vincent Massey PC CC (1887 - 1967) and William Wallace are 20th cousins twice removed (Uncertain) [97]

Charles Stewart Parnell and William Wallace are 16th cousins twice removed (Uncertain) [98]

Horatio Nelson and William Wallace are 14th cousins twice removed (Uncertain) [99]

T S Eliot and William Wallace are 20th cousins once removed (Uncertain) [100]

Henry V and William Wallace are 8th cousins 15 times removed [101]

Diana (Spencer) Princess of Wales and William Wallace Tooke are 17th cousins once removed (Uncertain) [102]

Barbara McClintock and William Wallace Tooke are 20th cousins twice removed (Uncertain) [103]

George V and William Wallace are 19th cousins (Uncertain) [104]

Elizabeth I and William Wallace are 6th cousins 12 times removed (Uncertain) [105]

Alfred is the 20th great grandfather of Alice (Uncertain) [106] Alice is the 11th great grandmother of William Wallace (Uncertain) [107]

Lord Byron and William Wallace are 15th cousins three times removed (Uncertain) [108]

Bertrand Russell and William Wallace are 16th cousins once removed (Uncertain)[109]

Prince Albert and William Wallace are 17th cousins twice removed (Uncertain) [110]

Oliver Cromwell [111] and William Wallace are 16th cousins 7 times removed (Uncertain) [112]

Francis Bacon [113] and William Wallace are 13th cousins 10 times removed (Uncertain) [114]

Oliver Cromwell and William Wallace are 16th cousins 7 times removed (Uncertain) [115]

Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill KG OM CH and William are 17th cousins once removed (Uncertain) [116]

Ernest Hemingway and William Wallace are 20th cousins twice removed (Uncertain) [117]

William Shakespeare and William are 15th cousins 11 times removed (Uncertain) [118]

Frederick Barbarossa [119] and William Wallace are fourth cousins 25 times removed (Uncertain) [120]

Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and William Wallace are 12th cousins 13 times removed (Uncertain) [121]

Martin Van Buren Sr. and William Wallace Tooke are third cousins 6 times removed [122]

Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben and William Wallace are 19th cousins 7 times removed (Uncertain) [123]

Fernando (Aragón) de Aragón (1452 - 1516) and William Wallace are 12th cousins 14 times removed (Uncertain) [124]

Isabella (Castilla) de Castilla y León (1451 - 1504) and William Wallace are 10th cousins 15 times removed (Uncertain) [125]

John Frederick I, Elector of Saxony Johan (Wettin) von Sachsen and William Wallace Tooke are 11th cousins 15 times removed (Uncertain) [126]

John (Plantagenet) of Gaunt KG and William Wallace Tooke are 6th cousins 20 times removed (Uncertain) [127]

Edna (Ragland) Young (mother of Neil Young) and William Wallace are 20th cousins once removed (Uncertain) [128]

Edward Frederick Lindley "1st Earl of Halifax" Wood and William Wallace are 16th cousins (Uncertain) [129]

P. G. Wodehouse and William Wallace are 16th cousins (Uncertain) [130]

Frederick the Great and William Wallace are 14th cousins five times removed (Uncertain) [131]

Sir William (Arbuthnot) Arbuthnot of Kittybrewster Bt and William Wallace Tooke are 18th cousins three times removed (Uncertain) [132]

Catherine the Great and William Wallace are 14th cousins five times removed [133]

Sir Ian "12th Duke of Argyll" Campbell and William Wallace are 16th cousins four times removed (Uncertain) [134]

Willem (Nassau-Dillenburg) van Oranje Nassau (1533 - 1584) and William Wallace are 13th cousins 13 times removed (Uncertain) [135]

Edward "1st Duke of Somerset" Seymour and William Wallace are 7th cousins 13 times removed (Uncertain) [136]

Rurik is the 20th great grandfather of Alice (Uncertain) [137] Alice is the 11th great grandmother of William Wallace (Uncertain) [138]

Nicholas II of Russia and William Wallace are 19th cousins (Uncertain) [139]

Walter Raleigh MP and William Wallace are 15th cousins 8 times removed (Uncertain) [140]

Robert (Clifford) de Clifford (abt. 1273 - 1314) and William Wallace are fourth cousins 21 times removed (Uncertain) [141]

Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg and William Wallace are 7th cousins 19 times removed (Uncertain) [142]

Harriet (Beecher) Stowe and William Wallace are 23rd cousins (Uncertain) [143]

Walter II (Clifford) de Clifford and William Wallace Tooke are second cousins 25 times removed (Uncertain) [144]

[Waltheof] is the 27th great grandfather of William Wallace (Uncertain) [145]

Earlier family tree past Waltheof, Earl of Northumbria back to 704 [Rulers of Bamburgh]

Louis (Battenberg) Mountbatten and William Wallace are 19th cousins (Uncertain) [146]

Anne Boleyn and William Wallace are fifth cousins 13 times removed (Uncertain) [147]

Roger II "Earl of Arundel and Shrewsbury" is the 27th great grandfather of William Wallace (Uncertain)[148]

[Council of Lillebonne]

[William FitzOsbern, 1st Earl of Hereford] is the 28th great grandfather of William Wallace [149]

Roger (Vielles) de Beaumont is the 27th great grandfather of William Wallace [[150]]

Roger II (Montgomery) de Montgomery is the 27th great grandfather of William Wallace [[151]]

Gualter Giffard is the 28th great grandfather of William Wallace [[152]]

Henry I is the 26th great grandfather of William Wallace (Uncertain) [153]

King John and William Wallace are first cousins 25 times removed (Uncertain) [154]

Richard de Clare Magna Carta Surety Baron is the 23th great grandfather of William Wallace (Uncertain) [155]

William de Huntingfield Magna Carta Surety Baron is the 23th great grandfather of William Wallace (Uncertain) [156]

All the Surety Barons [157] (who left descendants) except for two are 1-4 degree cousins...

Geoffrey V [158] and William Wallace are second cousins 27 times removed (Uncertain) [159]

William Wallace is Empress Matilda [160] 25th great grand niece or nephew (Uncertain) [161]

John I de Balliol [162] and William Wallace are second cousins 23 times removed (Uncertain)[163]

Richard Milhous Nixon and William Wallace are 18th cousins once removed (Uncertain) [164]

William de Warenne, 1st Earl of Surrey [165] is the 27th great grandfather of William Wallace (Uncertain) [166]

Elizabeth de Clare [167] and William Wallace are third cousins 21 times removed (Uncertain) [168] through Sir Richard "Earl of Clare, 3rd Earl of Hertford" de Clare [[169]]

Jane "Nine Days Queen" Grey and William Wallace are 10th cousins 10 times removed (Uncertain) [170]

Alexander Hamilton and William Wallace are 19th cousins four times removed (Uncertain) [171]

Henry VIII and William Wallace are 9th cousins 12 times removed (Uncertain) [172]

Louis XVI and William are 15th cousins four times removed (Uncertain) [173]

Andrew Bruce, 11th Earl of Elgin and William are 16th cousins twice removed (Uncertain) [174]

Queen Elizabeth II and William are 16th cousins twice removed (Uncertain)[175]

Barack Obama Jr. and William are 18th cousins four times removed (Uncertain) [176]

George Washington and William are 15th cousins four times removed (Uncertain) [177]

Erik the Red [178] [179]

Jenny (VonWestphalen) Marx and William Wallace are 19th cousins four times removed (Uncertain) [180]

Robert I the Bruce and William Wallace are third cousins 21 times removed (Uncertain)[181]

List of Scottish monarchs

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Scottish_monarchs

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Scottish_monarchs#House_of_Alpin_.28848.E2.80.931034.29

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Dunkeld

https://www.wikitree.com/genealogy/Scotland-Family-Tree-163

Science & Genealogy

Pedigree Collapse

https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:Pedigree_collapse

Most recent common ancestor

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Most_recent_common_ancestor

Miscellaneous

Ontario Genealogical Society

http://vitacollections.ca/ogscollections/search

John George Diefenbaker

http://deeprootstalltrees.com/Journals/bannerman/d3.htm#i7377

https://www.wikitree.com/genealogy/Diefenbaker-Family-Tree-1

Sources