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James Archibald Turnbull (1843 - 1901)

Rev. James Archibald Turnbull
Born in Sydney, New South Wales, Australiamap
Ancestors ancestors
Husband of — married 13 Oct 1862 in Redfern, Sydney, New South Wales, Australiamap
Husband of — married about 1879 in Victoria, Australiamap
Descendants descendants
Died at age 58 in Carlton, Victoria Australiamap
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Biography

Rev, James Archibald Turnbull. Given Name: Rev, James Archibald. Surname: Turnbull. A Given name was found in addition to a first name in the NAME tag.

File Format: mm. The Argus 11 Mar 1901. PHOTO Format: mm. Divorce of Harriet and Archibald Turnbull. PHOTO Format: mm. Turnbull Marriage. PHOTO Format: mm. From Turnbull book. PHOTO

Marriage Husband Rev, James Archibald Turnbull. Wife Harriet Turnbull. Marriage 13 Oct 1862. Redfern, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. [1][2] Note: #NF1147. Divorce: Divorce. 20 Sep 1878. Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Child: James Archibald Turnbull. Child: Sarah Baron Turnbull. Child: Harriet Elizabeth Morier Turnbull. Child: Gertrude Henrietta VonBerg Turnbull. Child: Mary Arnott Drummond May Turnbull. Child: Lavinia (Daisy?) Eliza Jane Turnbull. Child: Frederick Lynn Turnbull.

Biography: Archibald was born in Sydney NSW, on February 16, 1843. He moved with his parents to Collingwood Victoria, in 1849, and stated his career as a Shoemaker in the employ of his father. He married his cousin Harriett Turnbull at the house of her father, James Alexander Turnbull, and Kingston NSW (near Newtown) on October 13, 1862, the ceremony being performed by Rev. John L McSkimming of the Presbyterian Church. Mary Ann Richmond, half sister of Harriett was named as a witness. Harriett was the eldest daughter of James Alexander Turnbull and Sarah Richmond, nee Barron, and was born in Sydney on December 11, 1843. Archibald and Harriett were divorced at Melbourne in 1878, at this time Archibald declared that he was married to Harriett at Chalmers Presbyterian Church, Redfern NSW. (Divorce article Source 2.)

During the following fourteen years Archibald and his family moved back and forth between Sydney and Melbourne. During this period he was a shoe salesman and was also studying for the Church. He became a missionary in the City of Melbourne in 1866 and was licensed to preach in the Church of England in 1875 when he was appointed Minister of the Chruch of England at Blackwood, Victoria.

Like his father, Archibald became renowned as an agitator. He rejected the Church's ineffectual and sporadic sympathy in favour of providing the unemployed with militant leadership. In the seventies while he was in Victoria he worked in country parishes, but in 1882 he went to Melbourne, left the Church, and conducted a mission in the Melbourne slums for the United Evangelicals. later in the same year, his mission being a financial disaster, he went to Adelaide to do evangelistic work and also served with the newly formed Salvation Army, becoming one of its leaders. After a disagreement with his colleagues he founded a separate organisation named the Christian Crusaders.

This organisation was a close imitation of the Salvation Army but also advocated social and political reform for the proletariat. In 1886 he went as "locum tenens" to Balmain in the Sydney Diocese. In 1889 he went to Goulburn NSW where he was priested into the Church of England. During all this Archibald and his wife Harriett were divorced in Melbourne in 1878. He married Ada Louise Taylor, daughter of Richard Taylor and Sarah Burgess, on June 17, 1879 at Christ Church, Geelong. Ada was born at Geelong c1861.

The death of his father-in-law, Richard Taylor, took him to Tasmania and in 18902 he accepted Archdeacon A.N.Mason's offer of the Assistant Curator of New Town. His work at New Town was satisfactory and appreciated by Mason. Archibald devoted himself exclusively to his parochial work with the only hints of his main interests being two lectures to the Southern Clerical Society on methods of reaching the masses. However behind the scenes he was in serious trouble with the Bishop (Bishop Montgomery). His standing was permanently jeopardized by the fact that his first wife had eloped in 1877, leaving him with a young family. The Victorian Church paid the legal costs of the divorce, which is said to have caused a precedent in the Church by being the first and possibly the only case of a divorce or a priested member of the Church of England and also to allow him to re-marry.

However because of this stigma the Adelaide Diocese refused to permit him to officiate. He broke Bishop Montgomery's explicit restrictions by mixing freely with non-conformists, and on one occasion preached in a Dissenting Chapel. He also because unpopular in leading circles through a letter to "Church News" in August 1891, praising Christian Socialism, aggressive evangelicism and undenominationalism.

In July 1892 he was appointed to Perth, in the North of Tasmania. While there Bishop Montgomery decided that because of the divorce he was prevented from having another parish. this lead to a bitter argument with the Bishop and Archibald left Perth at his own request in December 1893, the notice in "Church News" to this effect was the last time his name was mentioned bu that paper.

Settling again in new Town he demanded a general licence for work amongst the non church going masses, which was given reluctantly by the Bishop on March 8, 1894 but the Church would not finance his work. Archibald immediately started a Church of England Peoples Mission with himself as Missioner.

His services were suspect to orthodox Anglicans, being a shortened version of the Anglican Service, with a truculent sermon on social and political subjects, and popular musical items.

He scorned "Churchianity", alleging that the masses did not go to church because the church did not go to them.. His services were always crowded, attracting large numbers of men. In 1894, there was a serious unemployment problem in Tasmania, but little was being done to relieve the situation. Expenditure of public funds to relieve unemployment was suspect, for to many most of the unemployed were, as the Rev.J.B.W.Woolnough MHA described them, "The scum and the improvident class". The government refused to "pauperise" them by supporting the indefinitely.

Archibald, wishing to relieve the position of the unemployed, and form an effective labour organisation, determined to intervene directly in politics using flamboyant agitation of the type earlier employed in Adelaide. He found that such labour leaders as existed, were not anxious to welcome clerical help. He was compelled to work virtually alone for several months. His efforts began on April 9, 1894 when J.S.Mason, a member of his Church, called a meeting of the unemployed.

Archibald stated his wish to do the utmost to help them find work and desired a full investigation of their position so as to be able to speak definitely on their behalf. He urged them to appoint a leader amongst themselves, which they did, appointing J.S.Mason as leader in conjunction with himself and W.Lake, the City Missioner. beginning on April 11, 1894 and attempt was made to record the names and particulars of all the unemployed, however many were reluctant to register being sceptical of any advantages it might give. The registration was completed on April 20, but only half of the people registered; in spite of this Archibald deduced that a total of 1164 men women and children were without support. In his personal investigations of conditions he had found men breaking stones in the Domain for one shilling and sixpence to two shillings a day.

He at once appealed for employers to contact him. He found jobs for many and was gaining the confidence of the workers. The unemployed asked him to help their cause and he held several more meetings with them. He asked for a delay in agitation, hoping the Government would act; a select committee on unemployed had been formed by the Parliament on April 6, 1894. However a meeting ion May 15 expressed dis-satisfaction with the Governments efforts, and decided to raise two petitions urging effective action.

On May 20, Archibald addressed his Congregation on the dangers of increasing oppression of the poor leading to a revolt. Two days later he, together with Lake, headed a deputation of the unemployed to ask the Premier for government assistance. He stated that he had been through the city door bu door, finding much distress, and presented a petition regarding the state of the unemployed, signed by four hundred merchants and storekeepers. Braddons remark that he was doing all he could provoked an emotional outburst from Archibald, who demanded immediate work. "He was now holding almost fury in check. He was constantly with the men; his whole existence just now was wrapped up with them, and he was striving with them.... I repeat that unless something is done immediately there will be great trouble in Hobart.... hope deferred maketh the heart sick". (Hobart Mercury, May 23, 1894 p4). [3]

The following night the government introduced a relief works bill into the assembly. On the day following this deputation Archibald and Lake led another to the Mayor, seeking work. One of the unemployed told the Mayor that "there was enough poverty in the city at present to cause a revolution". [4] The Mayor regretted he could not help, but would in fact be dismissing some employees. Archibald therefore immediately issued an appeal in the Mercury asking for individuals who could give work to contact him. A meeting of the unemployed on May 25, determined to establish its own labour bureau with Archibald as its organizer, to supplement that of the Benevolent Society.

On May 30, Walter Gellibrand successfully prevented the upper house from suspending its Standing Orders to consider the Public Works Bill, which was to provide work for the unemployed. In the course of his remarks, Gellibrand suggested that the British Poor Law system be introduced into Tasmania, though he wondered whether there was such extreme urgency in the unemployment problem as the proposal to suspend Standing Orders implied. This attitude brought strong criticism from the press, and at a labour meeting that night Archibald made a violent attack on Gellibrans. At this meeting Archibald countered criticism that his remarks at the deputation to Premier Braddon were unworthy of a priest, by declaring that they were"deliberate works and well thought out before they were uttered, and by then he would stand", and a final comment that "had he uttered what he said in private he would gave been branded by the Church and State as a turbulent agitator". He suggested establishment of a Council of Advise to effect a peaceful compromise between Capital and Labour when necessary, offering to help its Secretary. A motion was passed criticising the Upper House's obstruction of unemployment relief: a copy was sent to the President of the Council.

On June 1, Archibald handed the petition against the Council's obstruction, to the President of the Legislative Council, Aldye Douglas. He later alleged that he was subjected to ten minutes of bitter abuse by Douglas. When the petition was received, Gellibrand made a speech against "a person" whom he characterised as "loud mouthed".

A meeting held on June 4, to expressed confidence in Archibald, presented him with an address thanking him for his endeavours. Archibald replied that his work, which was not as successful as he wished, had been unfairly criticized. He was not an Agitator, but "if he was driven into a corner he would die fighting for the social elevation of the working man". Though he did not make a planned "painful statement" concerning himself and the Church, he did warn the workers against rumours circulated to hinder his work. These rumours which Archibald did not specify, were that he had been drunk and using improper language in various public places.

This was in fact the Rev. R.M.Turnbull, late of Macquarie Plains, but the rumours stuck to Archibald, who blamed Bishop Montgomery for this. (There was in fact two other Turnbull's in the Church of England during this period; Rev. Robert Montague Turnbull, and Rev. Robert M Turnbull; The Rev. Robert Montague Turnbull was in the Monaro and Riverina districts of NSW in the late nineties and the early 1900's. The Rev. Robert M. Turnbull was a missionary in the Islands to the North of Australia. It is not known whether either of these Turnbull ministers are connected to our Turnbull Families). The Chairman, John Bradley, member for South Hobart in the Assembly, was sure that Archibald would be the last man to stir up strife. The meeting unanimously voted him "a fit and Qualified person to advocate the cause of the working classes of the City.

Archibald continued his fight, making deputations to parliamentarians and attacking those who opposed him. However to the annoyance of the labour leaders, the Public Works Department registry office, established in May to replace Archibald's bureau, refuted their prophesies by rapidly acquiring a full list of the unemployment, and was besieged daily by men seeking work. The Peoples Labour Bureau had not been as successful. Archibald and his associates were also annoyed that the Governments usual Public Works were being undertaken to a cheaper rate by calling them relief work. They complained of delay in government aid; in six months the Government had only found work for 250. At a meeting on July 9, Archibald criticised the men for taking things so easily, and it was decided to march on Parliament with the resolutions passed at the meeting.

On June 29, G.T.Collins, Council for the Lanceston Water and Light Bill, which by bringing electricity to Launceston threatened to upset the Gas Companie's dividends. The Labour leaders decided to follow the example, and drew up a petition that Archibald be heard at the Bar of the House on the Unemployed, or, "if he did... represented them very badly". Edward Mulcahy agreed, protesting against Archibald's attack on members of the house. He warned however, that to refuse the request would make Archibald "a sort of martyr, and that was just what he wanted". The House decided to defer discussion on accepting the petition until Friday night.

At 7-30pm that same evening, a meeting of 750 unemployed voted unanimously that Archibald should be heard by Parliament. At the conclusion of this meeting the men, carrying torches and accompanied by two bands, marched to Parliament House. They carried a banner displaying Monopoly with a bludgeon labelled "Law and Order" towering over a worker who, with feet chained, cracked stones for three shillings a day.

A deputation consisting of Archibald, Messers Banks and Martin of the Trades and Labour Council, and Mr Chapple accompanies the marchers in a horse drawn cart, bearing the petition that Archibald be heard at the Bar of the House. By the time Parliament House was reached some four thousand people had assembled. Plain clothed police mingled with the crowd, and a large force of police was ready for any attack on the parliamentarians. In spite of these precautions, one member of the Upper House became frighted and left in a cab. When the deputation tried to enter Parliament House, they were refused admission by the police. they therefore asked to see the Premier. Braddon refused to see them, at which the crowd gave "practical illustrations of disapproval". Archibald then asked to see the Hobart members, and Messers Mulcahy, Crisp, Hiddlestone and Bradley met the deputation, partly because he had not been asked to present the petition. Archibald explained the circumstances which made this impossible. He added that as he was attacked as an agitator, he had offered not to lead the deputation; the meeting was not his idea, but that of the men, led on by their extreme distress. he alone was responsible for their orderly conduct. Archibald concluded the deputation bu denying allegations that he was not in touch with the men, and warned that "if i retire from his movement, and perhaps I may, then you will see the consequences". All four members promised to support the motion that Archibald be heard, and the deputation withdrew.

During this discussion the marchers held a meeting, which the deputation addressed after leaving the House. Archibald's account of developments was greeted with cries of "Shame!". Once more he justified his actions, the men cheering his boast that he possessed their "Unbounded confidence". He stressed the importance of peaceful actions. Others spoke and the meeting dispersed. The Mercury, though deploring the incident, was forced to recognize that "the proceedings were orderly and conducted in prefect goon humor".

On Thursday, J.B.Woolnough told Parliament that Urqhart's motion to hear Archibald, should be barred as against British president. B.Stafford Bird, the Speaker, reserved his ruling for he following night. The public galleries were crowded with workers on Friday night, the Speaker riled that Urqhart's motion was in order, but advised its rejection. The debate on this ruling was at times remarkably frivolous from Archibald's opponents: for example, when it was asked when Archibald should speak, the Mercury verbatim report ran; Speaker: The hon Member should "name the day upon which he wishes Mr Turnbull to be heard" (A Laugh) Mr Lewis: Saturday would be a good day (laughter) Dr Crowther: or Sunday (Renewed Laughter) Mr Urquhart said...he mentioned Friday night, because he had it in his mind that it was members night. The Premier: Say Good Friday Night (Laughter. (The Mercury July 14, 1894, Supplement p1)[5]

Elliot Lewis pontificated that if the unemployed wished to have a man address the Assembly, they should elect a representative, who, "if returned would be listened to just as every other member was listened to". Woolnough again raised constitutional objections to the petition. The strongest support for Archibald came from Urquhart and W.J. McWilliams, proprietor of the Tasmanian News, and later the first federal leader of the Australian Country Party. The petition was defeated by nineteen votes to nine. Immediately afterward Archibald addressed his supporters outside Parliament House, promising to continue as their leader.

The reaction of the press was generally violently antagonistic to Archibald; however the labour papers supported him. But the Clipper warned the people not to organise "that they may exalt Mr Turnbull into a leader of men. We do not want an outbreak or Turnbullism".[6]

Immediately after his defeat by parliament, Archibald wrote to the Trades and Labour Council asking for support; this was agreed to on July 12. Archibald met with members of the Council, and the executive Council formed for a new organisation, the Labour and Liberal Political League. Archibald refused to call a meeting that members of Parliament could attend, as three such meetings had already been held, with no result. At an Executive Meeting on August 1, he reluctantly accepted the position or President of the Labour and Liberal Political League. He received sympathy from all over Tasmania, and continued his agitation, calling for freer education and better housing, the end of sweated labour, complete suffrage for both sexes, adequate payment for parliamentarians, and either abolition or liberalisaton of the Upper House. Messers Bradley and Hiddlestone, M.H.A's, interviewed Alfred Pillinger, Minister of Lands, on Tuesday September 25, on behalf of the workers; the Minister's answer was not considered satisfactory, and Archibald accordingly led another deputation of unemployed to him on Thursday. Pillinger refused to see the deputation, as it included agitators.

As a result of this Archibald addressed a meeting of 200, saying many "heard things' about Pillinger. The deputation returned on Friday, with the same result, Pillinger being prepared to meet bona fide working men, but not Archibald; as the deputation refused to enter without him, it left. The workers then caused considerable alarm bu marching in a body to the Domain.

The evening papers thought they intended to attack Government House; the Evening News reported that on member of the crowd said "Go, have it out with the Governor". The police were rumored to be massing to protect Government house from siege. In fact the men merely held an open air meeting to protest at Pillinger's attitude.

On October 1, 500 men plus a brass band marched to a mass meeting against Pillinger; Archibald again justified his actions, and first mentioned the possibility of his standing for Parliament. He had been asked to do so in Adelaide, but had refused; he was reluctant to stand in Tasmania but would if nobody else could be found. The resolutions made at this meeting were taken by Archibald and others to Pillinger two days later; they were not received.

After January 12, 1895, Archibald spoke on the Domain every Sunday afternoon. During January he also quarreled with the Trades and Labour Council, which he considered to be doing little towards helping the unemployed.

Archibald's Church work had continued throughout this period: besides his services at the Mariner's Church, he was appointed by his only ally among the Anglicans, Archdeacon Mason, to the chaplaincy of the New Town Invalid Depot. This gave him his only regular source of income, sixty pounds a year. With Mason's death in February 1895, this post was removed, though he continued to work there without pay. Then in March, in spite of a deputation, Montgomery refused to allow Archibald to keep the marriage fees he collected. Thus Archibald was now entirely dependent on offerings at his Church, plus some help from his wife's family.

He was certainly not an agitator for the sake of the money he could obtain. Archibald's congregation asked him to establish a Free Church of England, but this plan lay dormant. At the April 1895 Synod, the Rev. Samuel Topham petitioned the Synod against the Bishop's dismissing him for alleged immorality without fully investigating the accusation. Montgomery, acting on advise, rejected the petition. This had the Synod's approval, but not the of the press.

Many letters appeared in the papers attacking the Bishop, prominent amongst them being one from Archibald. He criticized the Bishop's autocratic power, concluding that it might be necessary for him to bring his own case into prominence to prevent any further action against him. "I may be deprived of my licence on the slightest pretext at any moment".

This letter appeared in the Mercury on the morning of April 27, on the same day Montgomery wrote to Whitington: "I think the time may be coming when the Clergy and Cathedral board.... may object to have the Rev. A Turnbull representing the Church in the parish of S.Davids. A good deal depends upon the reverend gentleman's conduct in the next few days... If certain utterances become intolerable in the Domain and elsewhere it may become necessary to take some action. At the same time it is difficult for me to take very strong action unaided, since the reason would have to be personal abuse of myself. And a man should put up with a good deal of that. On the other hand Turnbull hives out that i am afraid to act... I fear that gentleness and forbearance may go too far. And is people write to papers to say i am an oppressor of the clergy (that is, of my own sons) it would seem that the time may be coming when the sons may take action and help the cause materially."

Also on April 27, the Clipper announced that Archibald was to speak on the Domain on the Tophan case. Informers told Whitington that in this speech Archibald used the words "trickery", "tyranny" and "Lying" to describe the Bishop's actions, as well as stating that he would not believe the Bishop on oath. As a result of this Whitington withdrew his license to preach on the Cathedral Parish: when Archibald conducted a service in spite of this prohibition, the Bishop on May 23, withdrew his license as a priest of the Church of England in Tasmania. Archibald reacted by holding a large meeting at the Town Hall on May 30, to give a full history of his relations with Montgomery. His abuse of the Bishop was ignored by the Church. Although he stated his opposition of denominationalism, Archibald's church acquired some of the characteristics of the Unitarians and Dr Charles Strong's Australian Church. The latter body approved bis work in July, and allowed him to use their service and hymn book. In July 1896 his congregation became known as "Our Fathers Church".

Archibald's religious strife had interfered with his political work. An attempt to found a Home of Social Help in April 1895. to help the unemployed and homeless, was unsuccessful, as were all other labour plans in that year. The unemployment situation had been eased through government action, the enthusiasm engendered by Archibald's march on Parliament had evaporated, and the Labour and Liberal Political League, of which he became Secretary after a year as President, had soon atrophied.

In August, Archibald visited Melbourne. He spoke on the Yarra Bank, and was treated in a very friendly spirit bu the Trades and Labour Council, in spite of the fact that the Hobart Council had written to Melbourne condemning him. On his return, Archibald took every opportunity to attach the Church of England, especially when in November, Rev. Samuel Topham sued his Bishop for wrongful dismissal.. Both Topham and Archibald were unsuccessful in their endeavors to discredit Montgomery.

After the stimulus from meeting the Victorian Labour leaders, Archibald again became more prominent in politics. There were rumours that he might contest the North Hobart seat if Alex McGregor resigned. Archibald's supporters offered to pay his expenses to stand as an alderman, but he refused as he felt he would be of little use on the social questions as an alderman. He also publicly declared his reluctance to stand for Parliament. He began to crusade against sweating, lecturing on the "Curse of Sweating" on the Domain, and at a mass meeting at the Town Hall on October 1. At this meeting he moved "that this meeting is of the opinion that the Legislative Council seriously hinders the prosperity of the colony by rejecting all measures of reform, and condemns the supineness of the Government in permitting such a state of class control". He delivered an inflammatory speech, declaring that the Government "had forfeited its right to be called a peoples Government".

In February and early March 1896, Archibald exchanged pulpits with the Rev. A.C.Henderson, a Melbourne Unitarian. While in Melbourne, moves began for the coming election, and on his return he found his candidature rejected in favor of James Paton, proprietor of the Clipper. He had not been successful with the Labour and Liberal Political League, and his individualism and religious interests alienated many. Also he was not a worker. His League was disbanded, against his wishes on April 13, and replaced by the Democratic Club, in which he had no part. After a controversy in the Tasmanian News in May over this procedure, Archibald was bitterly attacked by the Clipper on May 16, as having a head "swollen to Elephantine Proportions". He tried to continue his political work, but his popularity had waned; his church had also declined.

In August, the Clipper reported that Archibald intended "to slaughter orthodoxy in the more congenial atmosphere of Melbourne" [7]. His church became openly Unitarian after he left, under A.J.Taylor and S.O.Lovell. In Melbourne he formed a "Labour Church", and entered strongly into political activity with success. In June 1898 his wife Ada, formed the Womens Political and Social Crusade, with herself as the first President.

Archibald revisited Hobart on November 8, 1898 and undertook a series of lectures in the labour cause. The Melbourne trades Hall at its meeting on November 4, unanimously commended him to the Hobart Workers, and all Melbourne's leading reform groups did likewise. His earlier faults were all forgiven bu the Clipper, which greeted him enthusiastically as "the only person in Victoria who stands side by side with the agitators for reform, both in lecture hall and on Yarra Bank".

Even the Mercury found him "more thoughtful and impressive than when he had led the unemployed agitation in Hobart".[8] Besides his lectures on "Christ the Socialist", he held street meetings supporting James Patons parliamentary ambitions. He was anxious to return to Tasmania and possibly stand for Parliament. He returned to Melbourne in December, after a very successful visit, At his instigation Stephen Barker, a member of his church and an ex-President of the Melbourne Trades Hall, then visited Tasmania to speak on behalf of Paton.

Archibald did not spend all of his time in the Victoria and Tasmanian colonies. In 1886 he was Crate of St Johns Church of England at Balmain NSW. On December 11, 1886 he, along with representatives for other churches attended a meeting at the Sydney Town Hall which was convened to protest for the commuting of the death sentence passed on six young men for their part in the Mount Rennie outrage, Archibald, in supporting the resolution said he stood before them as a Christian and clergyman, and he took the side of those who were of the opinion that the death penalty should not be carried out. In 1889 he was Incumbent of All Saints Church at Cobargo on the NSW South Coast.

In June 1889 his wife Ada died. [9] She had supported him in all his endeavours, and her death was mainly due to overwork. Alfred Taylor, Hobart Librarian wrote that "it is seldom indeed that one meets a character in which there was so much that was deserving of our highest admiration and esteem'. Archibald himself was attacked by cancer in 1899, but lingered on in a weak state until March 10, 1901, when he died in complete poverty.

He was buried on March 12, 1901, the service being taken by Dr. Charles Strong. Eulogies were delivered by three prominent clergy, and Councillor Stephen Baker. Besides a large group of friends, the leader of the Labour Party, The President of the Trades Hall Council and the President of the Socialists League all attended. The Tocsin, the Melboune Labour Paper and the Clipper were loud in his raise, the Clipper calling him a misunderstood man who, "beset by poverty and oft-times semi-starvation", whilst in Hobart fought for the down trodden. All the other Tasmanian papers ignored his death.

He is believed to have had a family of eleven children from his two marriages. Nine from the union with his cousin Harriett, and two from his marriage to Ada Taylor. Ada was only thirty six years of age when she died, Archibald was fifty seven.


Sources

  1. Source: #S186 Marriage Place and Date Certainty: 0 Note: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/89703563?searchTerm=%22Frederick%20Horne%22&searchLimits=l-state=Victoria
  2. Source: #S186 Marriage Place and Date Certainty: 0 Note: http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/13235613?searchTerm=%22James%20A%20Turnbull%22&searchLimits=l-state=New+South+Wales|||sortby=dateAsc

Obituary Articles:


1. Turnbull, S.J. (1989). A Collateral of Blantyre, A History of the Turnbull Family. St Clair, New South Wales: National Library of Australia – Card Number and ISBN 0 7316 6513 9

2. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/5949581?searchTerm=James%20Archibald%20turnbull%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20&searchLimits=

3. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/13298021?searchTerm=Hope%20deferred%20maketh%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20&searchLimits=exactPhrase|||anyWords|||notWords|||requestHandler|||dateFrom=1883-01-31|||dateTo=1894-12-31|||sortby|||l-state=Tasmania

4. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/13288556?searchTerm=%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20&searchLimits=notWords|||requestHandler|||anyWords|||l-state=Tasmania|||exactPhrase|||dateTo=1894-06-30|||l-title=10|||dateFrom=1894-05-01|||sortby=dateAsc

5. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/9310661?browse=ndp%3Abrowse%2Ftitle%2FM%2Ftitle%2F10%2F1894%2F07%2F14%2Fpage%2F840091%2Farticle%2F9310661#

6. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/83366028?searchTerm=that%20they%20may%20exalt%20Mr%20Turnbull%20into%20a%20leader%20of%20men.%20%20We%20do%20not%20want%20an%20outbreak%20or%20Turnbullism&searchLimits=l-state=Tasmania

7. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/83365980?searchTerm=to%20slaughter%20orthodoxy%20in%20the%20more%20congenial%20atmosphere%20of%20Melbourne&searchLimits=l-state=Tasmania|||l-decade=189

8. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/9434858?searchTerm=more%20thoughtful%20and%20impressive%20than%20when%20he%20had%20led%20the%20unemployed%20agitation%20in%20Hobart&searchLimits=l-state=Tasmania|||l-decade=189

9. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/82701210?searchTerm=Ada%20Turnbull&searchLimits=l-state=Tasmania|||l-decade=189

Article re: Christian Crusaders

Court regarding payment : https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/208369951?searchTerm=James%20Archibald%20turnbull%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20&searchLimits=#


Biography link: http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/turnbull-archibald-8880


Article re: unemployment

https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/13292608?searchTerm=%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20&searchLimits=notWords|||requestHandler|||anyWords|||l-state=Tasmania|||exactPhrase|||dateTo=1894-06-30|||l-title=10|||dateFrom=1894-05-01|||sortby=dateAsc

https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/13288556?searchTerm=Rev.%20A%20Turnbull&searchLimits=l-year=1894|||l-state=Tasmania|||l-decade=189|||sortby=dateAsc





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It may be possible to confirm family relationships with James by comparing test results with other carriers of his Y-chromosome or his mother's mitochondrial DNA. However, there are no known yDNA or mtDNA test-takers in his direct paternal or maternal line. It is likely that these autosomal DNA test-takers will share some percentage of DNA with James:

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T  >  Turnbull  >  James Archibald Turnbull