‘Abd al-Rahman I, or Abderramán I, had many nicknames and was known as "The Immigrant", "The Just", [1] al-Dakhil ("the Entrant"), Saqr Quraish ("the Falcon of the Quraysh") and the "Falcon of Andalusia". [2] His full name was Abū l-Muẓaffar ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bin Mu’awiya bin Hisam bin Abd al-Malik bin Marwan bin Al-Hakam bin Abi al-'As bin Umayya. He was born in 0731, in Syria, possibly in the área of al Ulyà, located between Palmyra and Damascus, and died on 30 Sep 0788, in Córdoba, Al-Ándalus in the present-day Autonomous Community of Andalusia, Spain. He was the grandson of the Caliph of Damasco, Hišām bin ‘Abd al-Malik, who reigned between 0724-0745 in Syria. His father, Mu‘āwiya, died during his father's reign. His mother was Rāh (Happiness), or Ra'ha, who was a Berber slave from the Nafza Tribe. [3]
Arabs Crossing the Desert, Jean-Léon Gérôme |
He was the founder and first Emir of the Omeya Dynasty of Córdoba and apart from his organizational and administrative talents, was an able commander of his armies, an accomplished poet, an ingenious orator and a highly cultured man. [4] Abd al-Rahman was a member of the Umayyad dynasty in Damascus, overthrown by the Abbasids in 0750. He was the last survivor of the massacre that ensued. After an epic escape and several years of exile, he landed in Almuñécar near Málaga in 0755. [5] He reigned for 32 years, in the period 0756-0788. The dynasty he founded ruled the greater part of Iberia for nearly three centuries. [2] He was succeeded by his son, Hisam I in 0788.
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