习近平 Xi

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Biography

Xi Jinping is the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC), President of the People's Republic of China (PRC), and Chairman of the Central Military Commission (CMC). Since 2012, Xi has served as Paramount Leader, the highest-ranking officer in China, and he officially received the title of "Core Leader" from the CPC in 2016.

Chinese Narrative

习近平（/ʃias dʒɪnˈpɪŋ /；中文：习近平；汉语发音：[ɕǐtɕîn.pʰǐŋ]；出生于1953年6月15日）是中国政客，曾担任中国共产党总书记，中华人民共和国主席中国（PRC）和中央军事委员会（CMC）主席。自2012年以来，习近平一直是中国最高职位的最高领导人，并于2016年正式获得中国共产党的“核心领导人”称号。

他是中共资深军人习仲勋的儿子，在文革期间被父亲吹扫后，在少年时代被流放到延川县农村，并住在梁家河村的一个山洞里，在那里担任党委书记。习近平在清华大学以“工农兵”的身份就读后，习近平在中国沿海省份的政治生涯中名列前茅。习近平于1999年至2002年担任福建省省长。2002年至2007年，他还担任省长，然后是邻国浙江省委书记。在中共上海市委书记陈良宇被免职后，习近平于2007年被换人他于2007年10月加入政治局常务委员会和中央秘书处，在接下来的五年中担任中国最高领导人胡锦涛的继任者。习近平于2008年至2013年担任副总统，并于2010年至2012年担任中央军事委员会副主席。

习近平是第二次世界大战和中华人民共和国成立后出生的第一任秘书长。习近平上台以来，采取了广泛的措施来加强党的纪律和确保内部团结。他的标志性反腐败运动已导致现任和退休的共产党主要官员垮台，其中包括政治局常委。作为中国民族主义者，他加强了对公民社会和意识形态话语的限制，主张将中国的互联网审查视为“互联网主权”的概念。习近平呼吁进一步的社会主义市场经济改革，依法执政，加强法制建设，并以“中国梦”为口号，强调个人和国家的诉求。他还主张采取更加果断的外交政策，特别是在中日关系，中国在南中国海的主张以及中国作为自由贸易和全球化的主要倡导者方面。他试图通过“一带一路”倡议扩大中国在非洲和欧亚的影响力。

作为中华人民共和国第五代领导人的核心人物，习近平通过担任广泛的领导职务，包括主持新组建的国家安全委员会以及新的经济和社会指导委员会，已大大集中了机构权力。改革，军事改组和现代化以及互联网。习近平的政治思想已写入党和国家宪法。在他的任期中，审查制度和大规模监督活动显着增加，人权显着恶化，恢复了个人崇拜，并取消了2018年总统任期限制。

English Narrative

"Xi Jinping was born 15 June 1953. He is the son of Chinese Communist veteran Xi Zhongxun, he was exiled to rural Yanchuan County as a teenager following his father's purge during the Cultural Revolution, and lived in a cave in the village of Liangjiahe, where he worked as the party secretary. After studying at the Tsinghua University as a "Worker-Peasant-Soldier student", Xi rose through the ranks politically in China's coastal provinces. Xi was governor of Fujian from 1999 to 2002. He was also governor, then party secretary of neighbouring Zhejiang from 2002 to 2007. Following the dismissal of the CPC Secretary of Shanghai Chen Liangyu, Xi was transferred to replace him for a brief period in 2007. He joined the Politburo Standing Committee and central secretariat in October 2007, spending the next five years as Chinese paramount leader Hu Jintao's presumed successor. Xi was vice president from 2008 to 2013 and vice chairman of the Central Military Commission from 2010 to 2012.

Xi is the first general secretary born after the Second World War and the establishment of the People's Republic of China. Since assuming power, Xi has introduced far-ranging measures to enforce party discipline and to ensure internal unity. His signature anti-corruption campaign has led to the downfall of prominent incumbent and retired Communist Party officials, including members of the Politburo Standing Committee. A Chinese nationalist, he has tightened restrictions over civil society and ideological discourse, advocating Internet censorship in China as the concept of "internet sovereignty". Xi has called for further socialist market economic reforms, for governing according to the law and for strengthening legal institutions, with an emphasis on individual and national aspirations under the slogan "Chinese Dream". He has also championed a more assertive foreign policy, particularly with regard to China–Japan relations, China's claims in the South China Sea, and its role as a leading advocate of free trade and globalization. He has sought to expand China's African and Eurasian influence through the Belt and Road Initiative.

As the central figure of the fifth generation of leadership of the People's Republic, Xi has significantly centralised institutional power by taking on a wide range of leadership positions, including chairing the newly formed National Security Commission, as well as new steering committees on economic and social reforms, military restructuring and modernization, and the Internet. Xi's political thoughts have been written into the party and state constitutions. His tenure has also seen a significant increase of censorship and mass surveillance, significant deterioration in human rights, the return to a cult of personality and the removal of term limits for the presidency in 2018."^[1]

Sources

1. ↑ Wikipedia contributors, 'Xi Jinping', Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 23 October 2019, 16:54 UTC, Wikipedia:Xi_Jinping

• Wikidata: Item Q15031, en:Wikipedia