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Hannah Lane was born about 1792, probably in Bristol, England, United Kingdom, where she lived as a child and young woman.[1] Her parents were [unknown] Lane and possibly Hannah Browne. She was the mother of Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell, M.D., the first woman awarded a medical degree in the United States.[2]
A biography of Hannah's daughter-in-law, the suffragist and abolitionist Lucy Stone, says Hannah's mother "was a Borne, daughter of a prosperous and genteel merchant, who disappointed her family by marrying a ne’er-do-well jeweler by the name of Lane. Lane, unfaithful to his wife, was later convicted of forgery and banished to Australia as an alternative to the gallows. Hannah remembered having been fitted as a child for a black dress to wear to her father’s hanging."[3]
Hannah Lane married Samuel Blackwell, a prosperous young partner of Counterslip Sugar Refinery of Bristol,[4] on 27 Sep 1815 in St. James Parish, Bristol, England.[5] Hannah is said to have met Samuel while they were both teaching Sunday school.[6]
Samuel Blackwell, a sugar refiner and abolitionist, was born on 6 Feb 1790 in Worcester, Worcestershire, England, and baptized there on 15 Feb 1790 at the Angel Street Congregational Church.[7] [8] He was the son of Samuel Blackwell, a Bristol cabinetmaker,[9] and his wife Elizabeth Stokes,[10] who moved their family from Worcester to Bristol about 1811.[4]
Hannah and Samuel were Congregationalists, "protestant Dissenters from the established Church of England, advocates of education, temperance, hard work and self-improvement, staunch Whig reformers and early antislavery activists."[9]
With the proceeds of Samuel's business creating a comfortable middle class life for their family, Samuel and Hannah went on to have nine children who lived to adulthood. At least three more did not survive childhood.[1]
In Bristol, the growing family lived in a terraced house at Wilson Street and Lemon Lane. [9]
Samuel's business faced a downturn, with the failure of his Dublin office and the bankruptcy of the Bristol shipping firm, Bevan and Yates, which owed Blackwell almost £7,000. The Blackwell family, including a governess, two maids, and two maiden aunts, packed up and immigrated to the United States on the ship Cosmo, arriving in New York City on 5 Oct 1832.[1]
They first lived In New York, where Samuel used his remaining capital to set up a New York sugar refinery. He also joined the recently formed Anti-Slavery Society of New York. As a sugar refiner and abolitionist, Samuel was greatly interested in pursuing beet sugar as an alternative to cane sugar to eliminate the sugar industry's dependence on slavery.
To pursue the sugar beets venture, the family in 1838 moved 640 miles west to Cincinnati, Hamilton County, Ohio, where Samuel J. Brown, his wife's relative and a leading citizen, convinced him that it was a favorable location for beet sugar production.[4] Samuel Blackwell had sold his New York refining operation and invested his money into producing a quality sugar beet product.
Within two months of their arrival in Cincinnati, Samuel, aged 38, died there of malaria on 7 Aug 1838[13] and was buried in the family cemetery of Samuel J. Browne, Hannah's relative. His dream to be an innovator in the beet sugar industry was thwarted by the recession of 1837 and sickness.[4][14]
Hannah, widowed in 1838 only six years after arriving in the United States, raised her children to be independent and free thinkers. Of her five daughters, who never married, Elizabeth became the first woman to earn a medical degree in the United States, persevering through physical disability and societal obstacles. Her daughter Emily was the third woman to earn a medical degree in the United States, and the founder and dean of the Woman’s Medical College of the New York Infirmary. Another daughter, Anna, was a free spirit, a writer and translator, who spent much of her life in France.
The center of the family circle, Hannah passed on her strong moral beliefs to her children in many letters and writings, including a family bible inscribed, “Oh! That this book may be to my dear George as a lamp to his path, and a guide to his feet, and an anchor to his soul.” Her signature on a petition in support of equal property rights for women conveys her commitment to social reform and rights for women.
Hannah, aged 78, died on 22 August 1870 in Rockaway, Queens, New York City,[15] her decline accelerated by gangrene in her foot.[9] She was buried in Green-Wood Cemetery, Brooklyn, Kings, New York.[16][17] Hannah had been living with her daughter Marian in Hempstead, Queens, according to the 1870 census. [18]
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