Серге́й Абрамович (Воронов) Voronoff (1866-1951)

Dr. Серге́й Абрамович (Serge) Voronoff formerly Воронов

Born 10 Jul 1866 in Voronezh Guberniya, Russian Empire

Son of [father unknown] and [mother unknown]

[sibling(s) unknown]

Husband of Frances Evelyn (Bostwick) Voronoff — married 1920 [location unknown]

[children unknown]

Died 3 Sep 1951 at age 85 in Lausanne, Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland

Problems/Questions Profile manager: Shirley Runyon

[send private message]

Profile last modified 24 Feb 2023 | Created 26 Dec 2020

This page has been accessed 41 times.

Biography

Russian surgeon who popularized a bizarre treatment involving surgically grafting animal testes onto human men.

Name: Serge Voronoff. Given Name: Serge. Surname: Voronoff. ^[1] ^[2] ^[3] ^[4] ^[5] ^[6] ^[7] Серге́й Абрамович Воронов. Given Name: Серге́й Абрамович. Surname: Воронов. Serge VoronoffBornc. Given Name: Serge. Surname: VoronoffBornc. Found multiple versions of name. Using Serge Voronoff.

Born July 1866. Tambov, Tambov Oblast, Russia. ^[2] ^[4] ^[6]

Died 3 September 1951. Lausanne, District de Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland. ^[2] ^[6]

Circumcision: 10 Jul 1866. Shekhman, Tambov Governorate in Russia (now Tambov Oblast).

Education: At the age of 18, after graduating from the Voronezh Realschule, he emigrated to France, where he studied medicine. abt 1884.

Naturalization as a Citizen: 1895 France

Occupation: Between 1896 and 1910, he worked in Egypt, studying the retarding effects that castration had on eunuchs, observations that would lead to his later work on rejuvenation. 1896 Egypt

Arrival 25 May 1941. Buffalo, New York, USA. ^[4]

NaturalizationDeclaration 13 Nov 1941. New York. ^[4]

Buried Nice, Departement des Alpes-Maritimes, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France. ^[2] Note: Voronoff is buried in the Russian section of the Caucade Cemetery in Nice.

File @O1104@. @O39@. @O664@. @O742@.

Marriage Husband @I112276096327@. Wife @I112276106241@. Marriage 14 Jun 1934. Paris, Île-de-France, France. ^[8] ^[9] Note: Ten years later, Voronoff married Gerti Schwartz. She outlived him and became the Condesa da Foz upon Voronoff's death.

External Files

File O1104 File: Format: jpg. image MTYPE portrait. STYPE jpeg. SIZE 30102. WDTH 379. HGHT 532. Serge_Voronoff RIN b1d10933-30cd-450a-97f6-008a2b36df25 Physical Description: Born circa July 10, 1866 Voronezh, Russia. Died September 3, 1951. Lausanne, Switzerland. Residence France. Citizenship Russia, France. Known for Multi-species tissue transplants.

Serge Abrahamovitch Voronoff (Russian:  Серге́й Абрамович Воронов; c. July 10, 1866 – September 3, 1951) was a French surgeon of Russian extraction who, while working in France in the 1920s and 1930s, gained fame for his technique of grafting monkey testicle tissue on to the testicles of men for purportedly therapeutic purposes. The technique brought him a great deal of money, although he was already independently wealthy. As his work fell out of favour, he went from being highly respected to a subject of ridicule. Other doctors, and the public at large, quickly distanced themselves from Voronoff, pretending they had never had any interest in the grafting techniques. By the time of his death in 1951 at the age of 85, few newspapers noted his passing, and those that did acted as if Voronoff had always been ridiculed for his beliefs.</line><line><div style="border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; background-color: #f8f9fa; padding: 7px; font-size: 13.3px; display: table; zoom: 1;"></line><line><div style="direction: ltr; text-align: center;"></line><line>Contents</line><line></div></line><line><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none;"></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">1Early life</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">2Monkey-gland transplant work</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">3Falling out of favour</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">4Death and burial</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">5Reputation and legacy</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">6Popular culture</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">7Personal life</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">8Works by Voronoff</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">9Notes and references</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">10See also</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">11External links</li></line><line></ul></line><line></div></line><line>Early life[<a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="Edit section: Early life" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serge_Voronoff&action=edit&section=1">edit</a>]</line><line>Serge (Samuel) Voronoff was born to a Jewish family in the village Shekhman, Tambov Governorate in Russia (now Tambov Oblast) shortly before July 10, 1866, the date of his circumcision in a synagogue. His father Abram Veniaminovich Voronov was a former cantonist[1] and a distiller;[2] his mother was Rachel-Esther Lipsky.[3][4][5] At the age of 18, after graduating from the Voronezh Realschule, he emigrated to France, where he studied medicine. In 1895 at the age of 29, Voronoff became a naturalized French citizen. Voronoff was a student of French surgeon, biologist, eugenicist, and Nobel Prize recipient Alexis Carrel, from whom he learnt surgical techniques of transplantation. Between 1896 and 1910, he worked in Egypt, studying the retarding effects that castration had on eunuchs, observations that would lead to his later work on rejuvenation.</line><line>Monkey-gland transplant work[<a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="Edit section: Monkey-gland transplant work" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serge_Voronoff&action=edit&section=2">edit</a>]</line><line><div style="clear: right; float: right; margin: 0.5em 0px 1.3em 1.4em; width: auto; background-color: transparent;"></line><line><div style="min-width: 100px; border: 1px solid #c8ccd1; padding: 3px; background-color: #f8f9fa; font-size: 13.16px; text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 202px;"></line><line><div style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 3px; font-size: 12.3704px; text-align: ;"></line><line><div style="float: right; margin-: 3px; margin-right: 0px;"> </div></line><line>Goat with grafted testicles. Photograph from Serge Voronoff's book Life: A Study of the Means of Restoring (1920)</div></line><line></div></line><line></div></line><line>In the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century, trends in xenotransplantation included the work of Charles-Édouard Brown-Séquard.[6][7] In 1889, Brown-Séquard injected himself under the skin with extracts from ground-up dog and guinea pigtesticles. These experiments failed to produce the desired results of increased hormonal effects to retard aging.</line><line>Voronoff's experiments launched from this starting point. He believed glandular transplants would produce more sustained effects than mere injections. Voronoff's early experiments in this field included transplanting thyroid glands from chimpanzees to humans with thyroid deficiencies. He moved on to transplanting the testicles of executed criminals into millionaires, but, when demand outstripped supply, he turned to using monkey testicle tissue instead.[8]</line><line>In 1917, Voronoff began being funded by Evelyn Bostwick, a wealthy American socialite and the daughter of Jabez Bostwick.[9]The money allowed him to begin transplantation experiments on animals. Bostwick also acted as his laboratory assistant at the Collège de France in Paris, and consequently became the first woman admitted to that institution.[10] They married in 1920.</line><line>Between 1917 and 1926, Voronoff carried out over five hundred transplantations on sheep and goats, and also on a bull, grafting testicles from younger animals to older ones. Voronoff's observations indicated that the transplantations caused the older animals to regain the vigor of younger animals.[11] He also considered monkey-gland transplantation an effective treatment to counter senility.[12]</line><line>His first official transplantation of a monkey gland into a human took place on June 12, 1920.[13] Thin slices (a few millimetres wide) of testicles from chimpanzees and baboons were implanted inside the patient's scrotum, the thinness of the tissue samples allowing the foreign tissue to fuse with the human tissue eventually.[13] By 1923, 700 of the world's leading surgeons at the International Congress of Surgeons in London, England, applauded the success of Voronoff's work in the "rejuvenation" of old men.[14]</line><line>In his book Rejuvenation by Grafting (1925),[15] Voronoff describes what he believes are some of the potential effects of his surgery. While "not an aphrodisiac", he admits the sex drive may be improved. Other possible effects include better memory, the ability to work longer hours, the potential for no longer needing glasses (due to improvement of muscles around the eye), and the prolonging of life. Voronoff also speculates that the grafting surgery might be beneficial to people with "dementia praecox", the mental illness known today as schizophrenia.</line><line><div style="clear: right; float: right; margin: 0.5em 0px 1.3em 1.4em; width: auto; background-color: transparent;"></line><line><div style="min-width: 100px; border: 1px solid #c8ccd1; padding: 3px; background-color: #f8f9fa; font-size: 13.16px; text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 322px;"></line><line><div style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 3px; font-size: 12.3704px; text-align: ;"></line><line><div style="float: right; margin-: 3px; margin-right: 0px;"> </div></line><line>14-year-old boy after having an ape thyroid gland grafted onto his own; and same boy at age 15. From Serge Voronoff's book Life: A Study of the Means of Restoring (1920)[16]</div></line><line></div></line><line></div></line><line><div style="clear: right; float: right; margin: 0.5em 0px 1.3em 1.4em; width: auto; background-color: transparent;"></line><line><div style="min-width: 100px; border: 1px solid #c8ccd1; padding: 3px; background-color: #f8f9fa; font-size: 13.16px; text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 222px;"></line><line><div style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 3px; font-size: 12.3704px; text-align: ;"></line><line><div style="float: right; margin-: 3px; margin-right: 0px;"> </div></line><line>European group which visited Algiers to report on the Russian transplant pioneer Serge Voronoff's work; includes Voronoff, F.M.A Marshall, F.A.E Crew, W.C Miller and Arthur Walton, 1927</div></line><line></div></line><line></div></line><line>Voronoff's monkey-gland treatment was in vogue in the 1920s.[17][18] The poet E. E. Cummings sang of a "famous doctor who inserts monkeyglands in millionaires", and Chicago surgeon Max Thorek, for whom the Thorek Hospital and Medical Center is named, recalled that soon, "fashionable dinner parties and cracker barrel confabs, as well as sedate gatherings of the medical élite, were alive with the whisper - 'Monkey Glands'."[19]</line><line>By the early 1930s, over 500 men had been treated in France by his rejuvenation technique (including Voronoff's younger brother Georges[20]), and thousands more around the world, such as in a special clinic set up in Algiers.[21] Noteworthy people who had the surgery included Harold McCormick, chairman of the board of International Harvester Company.[22][23][24] To cope with the demand for the operation, Voronoff set up his own monkey farm in Ventimiglia, on the Italian Riviera, employing a former circus-animal keeper to run it.[19]French-born U.S. coloratura soprano Lily Pons was a frequent visitor to the farm.[25] With his growing wealth, Voronoff occupied the whole of the first floor of one of Paris's most expensive hotels, surrounded by a retinue of chauffeurs, valets, personal secretaries and two mistresses.[26]</line><line>Voronoff's later work included transplants of monkey ovaries into women. He also tried the reverse experiment, transplanting a human ovary into a female monkey, and then tried to inseminate the monkey with human sperm. The notoriety of this experiment resulted in the novel Nora, la guenon devenue femme (Nora, the Monkey Turned Woman) by Félicien Champsaur. In 1934, he was the first to officially recognise scientific work done by Greek Professor Skevos Zervos.</line><line>Falling out of favour[<a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="Edit section: Falling out of favour" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serge_Voronoff&action=edit&section=3">edit</a>]</line><line>Voronoff's experiments ended following pressure from a sceptical scientific community and a change in public opinion.[27] It became clear that Voronoff's operations did not produce any of the results he claimed.</line><line>In his book The Monkey Gland Affair, David Hamilton, an experienced transplant surgeon, discusses how animal tissue inserted into a human would not be absorbed, but instantly rejected. At best, it would result in scar tissue, which might fool a person into believing the graft is still in place. This means the many patients who received the surgery and praised Voronoff were "improved" solely by the placebo effect.</line><line>Part of the basis of Voronoff's work was that testicles are glands, much like the thyroid and adrenal glands. Voronoff believed that at some point, scientists would discover what substance the testicular glands secrete, making grafting surgery unnecessary.</line><line>Eventually, it was determined that the substance emitted by the testicles is testosterone. Voronoff expected that this new discovery would prove his theories. Testosterone would be injected into animals and they would grow young, strong, and virile. Experiments were performed, and this was not the case. Besides an increase in some secondary sexual characteristics, testosterone injections did little. Testosterone did not prolong life, as Voronoff expected. In the 1940s, Kenneth Walker, an eminent British surgeon, dismissed Voronoff's treatment as "no better than the methods of witches and magicians."[28]</line><line>In the 1940s, his treatment was widely used by football players at Wolverhampton Wanderers and Portsmouth, although it eventually fell out of favour.[29]</line><line>Death and burial[<a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="Edit section: Death and burial" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serge_Voronoff&action=edit&section=4">edit</a>]</line><line>Voronoff died on September 3, 1951, in Lausanne, Switzerland, from complications following a fall.[30] While recovering from a broken leg, Voronoff suffered chest difficulties, thought either to be pneumonia or possibly a blood clot from his leg that moved to his lungs.[30]</line><line>As Voronoff was no longer respected, few newspapers ran obituaries,[30] and those that did acted as if Voronoff had always been ridiculed for his beliefs.[30] For example, The New York Times, once one of his supporters, spelt his name incorrectly and stated that "few took his claims seriously".[30]</line><line>Voronoff is buried in the Russian section of the Caucade Cemetery in Nice.</line><line>Reputation and legacy[<a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="Edit section: Reputation and legacy" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serge_Voronoff&action=edit&section=5">edit</a>]</line><line>In the 1990s, Voronoff's negative reputation was softened. In November 1991, one of the oldest peer-reviewed medical journals in the world, The Lancet, suggested that the file on Voronoff's work be reopened and in particular that "the Medical Research Council should fund further studies on monkey glands."[11] By 1994, there were calls for a qualified apology from the orthodox medical establishment for dismissing Voronoff's work.[26] In particular, since modern medicine has established that the Sertoli cells of the testes constitute a barrier to the immune system, rendering the testes an immunologically privileged site for the transplantation of foreign tissue, the thin slices of monkey testicles Voronoff implanted into the patient's testicles may in theory have survived to produce some benefit. There have recently been successful experiments reducing insulin requirements in diabetics by implanting into them pancreatic islet cells from pigs coated in Sertoli cells to insulate them from attack by the immune system. No immunosuppressive drugs were required.[31] In 1998, the sweeping popularity of Viagra brought forth references to Voronoff.[28][32]</line><line>By 2003, Voronoff's efforts in the 1920s reached trivia factoid status for newspapers.[33] However, as recently as 2005, Voronoff's work in the 1920s and 1930s was noted for setting the basis for the modern anti-aging strategy of replacing hormones—the internally secreted substances that decline with age—to regain the vitality and physical attributes associated with youth.[34] Such practices are currently advocated by alternative medicine organizations such as the American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine.[35]</line><line>Popular culture[<a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="Edit section: Popular culture" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serge_Voronoff&action=edit&section=6">edit</a>]</line><line>As Voronoff's work became famous in the 1920s, it began to be featured in popular culture.</line><line>"The Adventure of the Creeping Man" 1923 is one of 12 Sherlock Holmes short stories (56 total) by Arthur Conan Doyle in The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes first published in Strand Magazine October 1921 - April 1927. In the story a professor injects himself with an extract of langur, with Jekyll-and-Hyde consequences.</line><line>The song "Monkey-Doodle-Doo", written by Irving Berlin and featured in the Marx Brothers film The Coconuts, contains the line: "If you're too old for dancing/Get yourself a monkey gland". Strange-looking ashtrays depicting monkeys protecting their private parts, with the phrase (translated from French) "No, Voronoff, you won't get me!" painted on them began showing up in Parisian homes.[36] At about this same time, a new cocktail containing gin, orange juice, grenadine and absinthe was named The Monkey Gland.[37]</line><line>Voronoff was the prototype for Professor Preobrazhensky in Mikhail Bulgakov's novel Heart of a Dog, published in 1925.[38] In the novel, Preobrazhensky implants human testicles and pituitary gland into a stray dog named Sharik. Sharik then proceeds to become more and more human as time passes, picks himself the name Polygraph Polygraphovich Sharikov, makes himself a career with the "department of the clearing of the city from cats and other vile animals", and turns the life in the professor's house into a nightmare until the professor reverses the procedure.</line><line>In his autobiography A Chef's Tale, Pierre Franey relates how when Voronoff dined at Le Pavillon in the 1940s, waiters would remark how "he looked like a monkey himself, with his exceptionally long fingers and slouching walk. They would laugh at him in the kitchen and imitate his walk for those of us (in the kitchen) who couldn't witness it ourselves."[39]</line><line>Personal life[<a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="Edit section: Personal life" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serge_Voronoff&action=edit&section=7">edit</a>]</line><line>Voronoff married his first wife, Marguerite Barbe, in 1897. She died in 1910. He married his second wife, Evelyn Bostwick, in 1920 (Bostwick's daughter from a previous marriage was Marion "Joe" Carstairs). Bostwick translated Voronoff's book, Life: a means of restoring vital energy and prolonging life, into English. She died on March 3, 1921, at the age of 48. Her legacy gave Voronoff a large income for the rest of his life.[40]</line><line>Ten years later, Voronoff married Gerti Schwartz, believed by some to be the illegitimate daughter of King Carol of Romania.[41] She outlived him and became the Condesa da Foz upon Voronoff's death.</line><line>Works by Voronoff[<a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="Edit section: Works by Voronoff" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serge_Voronoff&action=edit&section=8">edit</a>]</line><line><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url('data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%225%22 height=%2213%22%3e %3ccircle cx=%222.5%22 cy=%229%22 r=%222.5%22 fill=%22%23222%22/%3e %3c/svg%3e');"></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Voronoff, Samuel. (1893) Essai sur les trèves morbides. Paris: A. Maloine.</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Voronoff, Samuel (transl.). (1895) S. Bernheim et É. Laurent. Hystérie. Paris: A. Maloine.</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Voronoff, Samuel. (1896) Études de gynécologie et de chirurgie générale. Paris: A. Maloine.</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Voronoff, Samuel. (1899) Manuel pratique d'opérations gynécologiques. Paris: O. Doin.</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Voronoff, Samuel. (1910) Feuillets de chirurgie et de gynécologie. Paris: O. Doin et fils.</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Voronoff, Serge. (1920) Life: A Study of the Means of Restoring. Publisher: E. P. Dutton & Company, New York. ASIN B000MX31EC</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Voronoff, Serge. (1923) Greffes Testiculaires. Publisher: Librairie Octave Doin. ASIN B000JOOIA0</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Voronoff, Serge. (1924) Quarante-Trois Greffes Du Singe a L'homme. Publisher: Doin Octave. ASIN B000HZVQUQ</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Voronoff, Serge. (1925) Rejuvenation by grafting. Publisher: Adelphi. Translation edited by Fred. F. Imianitoff. ASIN B000OSQH5K</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Voronoff, Serge. (1926) Etude sur la Vieillesse et la Rajeunissement par la Greffe. Publisher: Arodan, Colombes, France. ASIN B000MWZJHU</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Voronoff, Serge. (1926) The study of old age and my method of rejuvenation. Publisher: Gill Pub. Co. ASIN B000873F7A</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Voronoff, Serge. (1928) How to restore youth and live longer. Publisher: Falstaff Press. ASIN B000881RLU</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Voronoff, Serge. (1928) The conquest of life. Publisher: Brentano's. ASIN B000862P0E</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Voronoff, Serge. (1930) Testicular grafting from ape to man: Operative technique, physiological manifestations, histological evolutions, statistics. Publisher: Brentano's. ASIN B00088JAL4</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Voronoff, Serge. (1933) Les sources de la vie. Publisher: Fasquelle editeur. ASIN B000K5XTTO</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Voronoff, Serge. (1933) The Conquest of Life. Publisher: Brentano's. ASIN B000862P0E</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Voronoff, Serge. (1937) Love and thought in animals and men. Publisher: Methuen. ASIN B000HH293C</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Voronoff, Serge. (1941) From Cretin to Genius. Publisher: Alliance. ASIN B000FX4UP8</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Voronoff, Serge. (1943) The Sources of Life. Publisher: Boston, Bruce Humphries. ASIN B000NV3MZ6</li></line><line></ul></line><line>Notes and references[<a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="Edit section: Notes and references" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serge_Voronoff&action=edit&section=9">edit</a>]</line><line><dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Citations</dt></line><line><div style="font-size: 12.6px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-: 0.3em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"><ol style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 3.2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: inherit;"></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">^ Voronoff Called to Turkey to Improve Breed of Sheep Through Gland Grafting (Jewish Telegraph Agency)</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">^ Badenoch AW (1986). <a class="external text" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #663366; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url('data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%2212%22 height=%2212%22%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 stroke=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M1.5 4.518h5.982V10.5H1.5z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M5.765 1H11v5.39L9.427 7.937l-1.31-1.31L5.393 9.35l-2.69-2.688 2.81-2.808L4.2 2.544z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 d=%22M9.995 2.004l.022 4.885L8.2 5.07 5.32 7.95 4.09 6.723l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E'); padding-right: 13px;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1341788" rel="nofollow">"Autumn Books: "Youth's a stuff will not endure""</a>. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 293 (6553): 1005–6. <a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="Digital object identifier" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier">doi</a>:<a class="external text" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #663366; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url('data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%2212%22 height=%2212%22%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 stroke=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M1.5 4.518h5.982V10.5H1.5z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M5.765 1H11v5.39L9.427 7.937l-1.31-1.31L5.393 9.35l-2.69-2.688 2.81-2.808L4.2 2.544z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 d=%22M9.995 2.004l.022 4.885L8.2 5.07 5.32 7.95 4.09 6.723l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E'); padding-right: 13px;" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmj.293.6553.1005" rel="nofollow">10.1136/bmj.293.6553.1005</a>. <a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="PubMed Central" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Central">PMC</a> <a class="external text" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #663366; background: url('https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png') right 0.1em center no-repeat; padding-right: 13px;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1341788" rel="nofollow">1341788</a>. <a class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="PubMed Identifier" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifier">PMID</a> <a class="external text" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #663366; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url('data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%2212%22 height=%2212%22%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 stroke=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M1.5 4.518h5.982V10.5H1.5z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M5.765 1H11v5.39L9.427 7.937l-1.31-1.31L5.393 9.35l-2.69-2.688 2.81-2.808L4.2 2.544z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 d=%22M9.995 2.004l.022 4.885L8.2 5.07 5.32 7.95 4.09 6.723l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E'); padding-right: 13px;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20742714" rel="nofollow">20742714</a>.</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">^ Marguerite BARBE et Samuel Serge VORONOFF</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">^ The Voronoff Family</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">^ Arrêté du 24 octobre 2001 portant apposition de la mention « Mort en déportation» sur les actes et jugements déclaratifs de décès (Voronoff's brothers Alexandre and Georges)</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">^ Musitelli, S. (June 1, 2004) The Aging Male Welcome born-again Dr Faust!Volume 7; Issue 2; Page 170.</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">^ Bynum, W. F. (June 30, 2006) The Times Higher Education Supplement Dig for gland of hope and glory;Books;History of science. Section: Features; Page 29.</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">^ Winegar, Karin. (February 5, 1989) Star Tribune Youth is a disease that time cures. - Goethe. Section: Variety; Page 01E.</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">^ Summerscale 1997, p. 30.</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">^ Summerscale 1997, p. 29.</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">^ <span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up to:a b The Lancet (November 30, 1991) New glands for old. Volume 338; Issue 8779; Page 1367. PMID 1682744. doi:10.1016/0140-6736(91)92244-V.</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">^ Sengoopta, Chandak. (September 22, 1993) Perspectives in Biology and MedicineRejuvenation and the prolongation of life: science or quackery? Volume 37; Issue 1; Page 55.</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">^ <span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up to:a b Gillyboeuf, Thierry. (October 2000) The Journal of the E. E. Cummings Society. The Famous Doctor Who Inserts Monkeyglands in Millionaires. Archived 2006-11-11 at the Wayback Machine Pg. 44-45.</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">^ Time magazine (July 30, 1923) Voronoff and Steinach.</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">^ Voronoff, Serge. (1925) Rejuvenation by grafting. Publisher: Adelphi. Translation edited by Fred. F. Imianitoff. ASIN B000OSQH5K</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">^ Voronoff, Serge (1920). Life. p. 99.</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">^ Ferris, Paul. (December 2, 1973) The New York Times The history of cell therapy and its use in modern clinics.</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">^ Klotzko, Arlene Judith. (May 21, 2004) Financial Times Science matters. Section: FT Weekend Magazine - Of All Things.</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">^ <span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up to:a b Sengoopta, Chandak. (August 1, 2006) History Today Secrets of Ethernal Youth. Volume 56; Issue 8; Page 50. (A review of how the discovery of hormones, the body's chemical messengers, revolutionized ideas of human nature and human potential in the twentieth century.)</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">^ Georges Voronoff (1873—1943)</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">^ Common, Laura. (April 25, 2000) The Medical Post[1] Great balls of fire: from prehistory, men have tried implants and extracts from macho animals to cure impotence, but it was only relatively recently that they began to understand why they did so.</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">^ Grossman, Ron. (March 31, 1985) Chicago Tribune Lost lake shore drive: Mourning an era; Mansions of rich and famous yield to giant condos. Section: Real estate; Page 1.</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">^ Jones, David. (December 11, 1986) The Times Christmas Books: Believe it or not - Adam and Eve to bent spoons / Review of books on beliefs.</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">^ <a class="external text" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #663366; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url('data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%2212%22 height=%2212%22%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 stroke=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M1.5 4.518h5.982V10.5H1.5z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M5.765 1H11v5.39L9.427 7.937l-1.31-1.31L5.393 9.35l-2.69-2.688 2.81-2.808L4.2 2.544z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 d=%22M9.995 2.004l.022 4.885L8.2 5.07 5.32 7.95 4.09 6.723l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E'); padding-right: 13px;" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,786826,00.html" rel="nofollow">"France: Chimpanzee Present?"</a>. <a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="Time (magazine)" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_(magazine)">Time</a>. 16 April 1928. Retrieved 15 January2010.</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">^ A Time article from 1940 says Lily Pons: "was kissed by an ape at Dr. Voronoff's monkey farm near Menton, France". Another Time article, this time from 1936, says "Singer Lily Pons went to see the monkeys kept by Menton's famed Rejuvenating Dr. Serge Voronoff, got too close to a cage, was soundly bussed by an ape named Rastus."</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">^ <span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up to:a b Le Fanu, James (January 6, 1994) The Times The monkey gland secret.Section: Features; Page 15.</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">^ Illman, John. (August 4, 1998) Rocky Mountain News Pre-viagra men given monkey cells in the 1930s, Russian doctor grafted glands. Section: News/National/International; Page 26A. (from The Observer</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">^ <span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up to:a b The Cincinnati-Kentucky Post (November 5, 1998) Medical monkey business.Section:News; Page 22A</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">^ Norrish, Mike (2009-04-22). <a class="external text" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #663366; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url('data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%2212%22 height=%2212%22%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 stroke=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M1.5 4.518h5.982V10.5H1.5z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M5.765 1H11v5.39L9.427 7.937l-1.31-1.31L5.393 9.35l-2.69-2.688 2.81-2.808L4.2 2.544z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 d=%22M9.995 2.004l.022 4.885L8.2 5.07 5.32 7.95 4.09 6.723l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E'); padding-right: 13px;" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/leagues/premierleague/arsenal/5202158/Andrei-Arshavins-feat-throws-spotlight-on-ultimate-case-of-monkey-business.html" rel="nofollow">"Andrei Arshavin's feat throws spotlight on ultimate case of monkey business"</a>. <a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="The Daily Telegraph" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a>. Retrieved 2009-04-23.</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">^ <span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up to:a b c d e Hamilton, David. (1986) The Monkey Gland Affair. Publisher: Chatto & Windus. ISBN 0-7011-3021-0</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">^ Valdez-Gonzalez R. A. (2005). "Xenotransplantation of porcine neonatal Islets of Langerhans and Sertoli cells: A 4-year study". European Journal of Endocrinology. 153 (3): 419–427. <a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="Digital object identifier" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier">doi</a>:<a class="external text" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #663366; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url('data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%2212%22 height=%2212%22%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 stroke=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M1.5 4.518h5.982V10.5H1.5z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M5.765 1H11v5.39L9.427 7.937l-1.31-1.31L5.393 9.35l-2.69-2.688 2.81-2.808L4.2 2.544z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 d=%22M9.995 2.004l.022 4.885L8.2 5.07 5.32 7.95 4.09 6.723l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E'); padding-right: 13px;" href="https://doi.org/10.1530%2Feje.1.01982" rel="nofollow">10.1530/eje.1.01982</a>. <a class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="PubMed Identifier" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifier">PMID</a> <a class="external text" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #663366; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url('data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%2212%22 height=%2212%22%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 stroke=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M1.5 4.518h5.982V10.5H1.5z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M5.765 1H11v5.39L9.427 7.937l-1.31-1.31L5.393 9.35l-2.69-2.688 2.81-2.808L4.2 2.544z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 d=%22M9.995 2.004l.022 4.885L8.2 5.07 5.32 7.95 4.09 6.723l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E'); padding-right: 13px;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16131605" rel="nofollow">16131605</a>.</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">^ Campbell-Johnston, Rachel. (August 5, 1998) The Times The price of priapic paradise. Section: Features; Page 16.</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">^ mX (February 27, 2003) It's true. Section: News; Page 7. (printing, "Russian transplant pioneer Serge Voronoff made headlines in 1920 by grafting monkey testicles onto human males.")</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">^ Kahn, Arnold. (February 1, 2005) Journals of Gerontology, Series A, Biological Science & Medical Science Regaining lost youth: the controversial and colorful beginnings of hormone replacement therapy in aging. Volume 60; Issue 2; Page 142.</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">^ Haber, Carole (2004). <a class="external text" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #663366; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url('data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%2212%22 height=%2212%22%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 stroke=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M1.5 4.518h5.982V10.5H1.5z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M5.765 1H11v5.39L9.427 7.937l-1.31-1.31L5.393 9.35l-2.69-2.688 2.81-2.808L4.2 2.544z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 d=%22M9.995 2.004l.022 4.885L8.2 5.07 5.32 7.95 4.09 6.723l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E'); padding-right: 13px;" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080720064422/http://biomed.gerontologyjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/59/6/B515" rel="nofollow">"Anti-Aging Medicine: The History: Life Extension and History: The Continual Search for the Fountain of Youth"</a>. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 59 (6): B515–522. <a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="Digital object identifier" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier">doi</a>:<a class="external text" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #663366; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url('data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%2212%22 height=%2212%22%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 stroke=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M1.5 4.518h5.982V10.5H1.5z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M5.765 1H11v5.39L9.427 7.937l-1.31-1.31L5.393 9.35l-2.69-2.688 2.81-2.808L4.2 2.544z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 d=%22M9.995 2.004l.022 4.885L8.2 5.07 5.32 7.95 4.09 6.723l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E'); padding-right: 13px;" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgerona%2F59.6.B515" rel="nofollow">10.1093/gerona/59.6.B515</a>. <a class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="PubMed Identifier" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifier">PMID</a> <a class="external text" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #663366; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url('data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%2212%22 height=%2212%22%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 stroke=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M1.5 4.518h5.982V10.5H1.5z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M5.765 1H11v5.39L9.427 7.937l-1.31-1.31L5.393 9.35l-2.69-2.688 2.81-2.808L4.2 2.544z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 d=%22M9.995 2.004l.022 4.885L8.2 5.07 5.32 7.95 4.09 6.723l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E'); padding-right: 13px;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15215256" rel="nofollow">15215256</a>. Archived from <a class="external text" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #663366; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url('data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%2212%22 height=%2212%22%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 stroke=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M1.5 4.518h5.982V10.5H1.5z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M5.765 1H11v5.39L9.427 7.937l-1.31-1.31L5.393 9.35l-2.69-2.688 2.81-2.808L4.2 2.544z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 d=%22M9.995 2.004l.022 4.885L8.2 5.07 5.32 7.95 4.09 6.723l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E'); padding-right: 13px;" href="http://biomed.gerontologyjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/59/6/B515" rel="nofollow">the original</a> on 2008-07-20. Retrieved 2009-09-17.</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">^ Nugent, Karen. (April 9, 2000) Telegram & Gazette "Xeno-grafting" explored \ Clinton doctor writes the book. Section: Local news; Page B1.</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">^ Hirst, Christopher. (October 8, 2005) The Independent 101 cocktails that shook the world #37: The Monkey Gland. Section: Features; Page 57.</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">^ Tatiana Bateneva. In the quest for longevity humans are ready to become relatives with any animals (in Russian)</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">^ Franey, Pierre (1994) A Chef's Tale: A Memoir of Food, France, and America.Alfred A. Knopf: New York. Page 94.</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">^ Summerscale 1997, p. 34.</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">^ Summerscale 1997, p. 35.</li></line><line></ol></div></line><line><dt style="font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Bibliography</dt></line><line><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url('data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%225%22 height=%2213%22%3e %3ccircle cx=%222.5%22 cy=%229%22 r=%222.5%22 fill=%22%23222%22/%3e %3c/svg%3e');"></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Cooper, David K. C.; Lanza, Robert P. (April 28, 2003) Xeno: The Promise of Transplanting Animal Organs into Humans. Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN 0-19-512833-8</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Hamilton, David. (1986) The Monkey Gland Affair. Publisher: Chatto & Windus. ISBN 0-7011-3021-0</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Réal, Jean. (2001) Voronoff. Publisher: Stock. ISBN 2-234-05336-6</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Summerscale, Kate (1998). The Queen of Whale Cay. Fourth Estate. <a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="International Standard Book Number" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number">ISBN</a> <a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="Special:BookSources/1-85702-668-3" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85702-668-3">1-85702-668-3</a>.</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Enzo Barnabà, Il sogno dell'eterna giovinezza, Formigine, Infinito, 2014. (ISBN 9788868610388).</li></line><line></ul></line><line>See also[<a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="Edit section: See also" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serge_Voronoff&action=edit&section=10">edit</a>]</line><line><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url('data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%225%22 height=%2213%22%3e %3ccircle cx=%222.5%22 cy=%229%22 r=%222.5%22 fill=%22%23222%22/%3e %3c/svg%3e');"></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Cosmic Movement</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Eugen Steinach</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Brown-Séquard Elixir At age 72, at a meeting of the Societie de Biologie in Paris in 1889, Brown-Séquard reported that hypodermic injection of a fluid prepared from the testicles of guinea pigs and dogs leads to rejuvenation</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Monkeygland sauce</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">The Monkey Gland</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">John R. Brinkley</li></line><line></ul></line><line>External links[<a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="Edit section: External links" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serge_Voronoff&action=edit&section=11">edit</a>]</line><line><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url('data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%225%22 height=%2213%22%3e %3ccircle cx=%222.5%22 cy=%229%22 r=%222.5%22 fill=%22%23222%22/%3e %3c/svg%3e');"></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Newspaper clippings about Serge Voronoff in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW</li></line><line></ul></line><line> </line><line><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; width: 1038px; clear: both; font-size: 12.32px; text-align: center; padding: 3px; margin: 1em auto 0px; background-color: #fdfdfd;"></line><line /><line><tbody></line><line><tr><th class="navbox-title" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: center; background-color: #ccccff;" scope="col" colspan="2"><a class="mw-collapsible-text" style="color: #0645ad; background: none; cursor: pointer; white-space: nowrap;">hide</a></line><line><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini" style="font-weight: normal; float: left; text-align: left; margin-right: 0.5em;"></line><line><ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url('data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%225%22 height=%2213%22%3E %3Ccircle cx=%222.5%22 cy=%229%22 r=%222.5%22 fill=%22%23222%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E'); display: inline; white-space: nowrap; line-height: inherit;"></line><line><li class="nv-view" style="margin: 0px; display: inline; word-spacing: -0.125em;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="Template:Organ transplantation" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Organ_transplantation"><abbr style="border: none; cursor: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; text-decoration-style: initial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; background: none transparent; box-shadow: none; padding: 0px;" title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li></line><line><li class="nv-talk" style="margin: 0px; display: inline; word-spacing: -0.125em;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="Template talk:Organ transplantation" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Organ_transplantation"><abbr style="border: none; cursor: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; text-decoration-style: initial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; background: none transparent; box-shadow: none; padding: 0px;" title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li></line><line><li class="nv-edit" style="margin: 0px; display: inline; word-spacing: -0.125em;"><a class="external text" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #663366; background: none !important; padding: 0px !important;" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Organ_transplantation&action=edit"><abbr style="border: none; cursor: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; text-decoration-style: initial; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; background: none transparent; box-shadow: none; padding: 0px;" title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></line><line></ul></line><line></div></line><line><div id="Organ_transplantation" style="font-size: 14.0448px; margin: 0px 4em;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Organ transplantation" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ_transplantation">Organ transplantation</a></div></line><line></th></tr></line><line><tr><th class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #ddddff; border-top: 2px solid #fdfdfd; width: 173.375px;" scope="row">Types</th></line><line><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="line-height: 1.5em; border-color: #fdfdfd; background-color: transparent; border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 830px; padding: 0px;"></line><line><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"></line><line><ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url('data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%225%22 height=%2213%22%3E %3Ccircle cx=%222.5%22 cy=%229%22 r=%222.5%22 fill=%22%23222%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E');"></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Allotransplantation" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allotransplantation">Allotransplantation</a> </line><line><ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url('data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%225%22 height=%2213%22%3E %3Ccircle cx=%222.5%22 cy=%229%22 r=%222.5%22 fill=%22%23222%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E'); display: inline;"></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="ABO-incompatible transplantation" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABO-incompatible_transplantation">ABOi</a></li></line><line></ul></line><line></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Autotransplantation" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autotransplantation">Autotransplantation</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Xenotransplantation" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenotransplantation">Xenotransplantation</a></li></line><line></ul></line><line></div></line><line></td></line><line></tr></line><line><tr><th class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #ddddff; border-top: 2px solid #fdfdfd; width: 173.375px;" scope="row"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="Transplantable organs and tissues" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transplantable_organs_and_tissues">Organs and tissues</a></th></line><line><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="line-height: 1.5em; border-color: #fdfdfd; background-color: #f7f7f7; border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 830px; padding: 0px;"></line><line><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"></line><line><ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url('data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%225%22 height=%2213%22%3E %3Ccircle cx=%222.5%22 cy=%229%22 r=%222.5%22 fill=%22%23222%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E');"></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Bone grafting" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_grafting">Bone</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematopoietic_stem_cell_transplantation">Bone marrow</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Brain transplant" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_transplant">Brain</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Corneal transplantation" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corneal_transplantation">Corneal</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Face transplant" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Face_transplant">Face</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Hand transplantation" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hand_transplantation">Hand</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Head transplant" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_transplant">Head</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Heart transplantation" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_transplantation">Heart</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Heart–lung transplant" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart%E2%80%93lung_transplant">Heart–lung</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Intestine transplantation" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intestine_transplantation">Intestine</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Kidney transplantation" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_transplantation">Kidney</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Liver transplantation" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver_transplantation">Liver</a> </line><line><ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url('data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%225%22 height=%2213%22%3E %3Ccircle cx=%222.5%22 cy=%229%22 r=%222.5%22 fill=%22%23222%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E'); display: inline;"></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Living donor liver transplantation" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Living_donor_liver_transplantation">Living donor</a></li></line><line></ul></line><line></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Lung transplantation" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lung_transplantation">Lung</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Pancreas transplantation" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreas_transplantation">Pancreas</a> </line><line><ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url('data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%225%22 height=%2213%22%3E %3Ccircle cx=%222.5%22 cy=%229%22 r=%222.5%22 fill=%22%23222%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E'); display: inline;"></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Islet cell transplantation" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islet_cell_transplantation">Islet cell</a></li></line><line></ul></line><line></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Penis transplantation" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penis_transplantation">Penis</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Skin grafting" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin_grafting">Skin</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Spleen transplantation" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spleen_transplantation">Spleen</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a class="new" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #a55858; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Testis transplantation (page does not exist)" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Testis_transplantation&action=edit&redlink=1">Testicle</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Thymus transplantation" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thymus_transplantation">Thymus</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Uterus transplantation" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uterus_transplantation">Uterus</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Vaginal transplantation" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaginal_transplantation">Vagina</a></li></line><line></ul></line><line></div></line><line></td></line><line></tr></line><line><tr><th class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #ddddff; border-top: 2px solid #fdfdfd; width: 173.375px;" scope="row"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="Graft (surgery)" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graft_(surgery)">Medical grafting</a></th></line><line><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="line-height: 1.5em; border-color: #fdfdfd; background-color: transparent; border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 830px; padding: 0px;"></line><line><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"></line><line><ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url('data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%225%22 height=%2213%22%3E %3Ccircle cx=%222.5%22 cy=%229%22 r=%222.5%22 fill=%22%23222%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E');"></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Bone grafting" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_grafting">Bone grafting</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Skin grafting" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin_grafting">Skin grafting</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Vascular grafting" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vascular_grafting">Vascular grafting</a></li></line><line></ul></line><line></div></line><line></td></line><line></tr></line><line><tr><th class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #ddddff; border-top: 2px solid #fdfdfd; width: 173.375px;" scope="row"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="Organ donation" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ_donation">Organ donation</a></th></line><line><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="line-height: 1.5em; border-color: #fdfdfd; background-color: #f7f7f7; border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 830px; padding: 0px;"></line><line><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"></line><line><ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url('data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%225%22 height=%2213%22%3E %3Ccircle cx=%222.5%22 cy=%229%22 r=%222.5%22 fill=%22%23222%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E');"></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Non-heart-beating donation" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-heart-beating_donation">Non-heart-beating donation</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Organ harvesting" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ_harvesting">Organ harvesting</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Organ trade" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ_trade">Organ trade</a></li></line><line></ul></line><line></div></line><line></td></line><line></tr></line><line><tr><th class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #ddddff; border-top: 2px solid #fdfdfd; width: 173.375px;" scope="row">Complications</th></line><line><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="line-height: 1.5em; border-color: #fdfdfd; background-color: transparent; border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 830px; padding: 0px;"></line><line><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"></line><line><ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url('data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%225%22 height=%2213%22%3E %3Ccircle cx=%222.5%22 cy=%229%22 r=%222.5%22 fill=%22%23222%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E');"></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Graft-versus-host disease" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graft-versus-host_disease">Graft-versus-host disease</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-transplant_lymphoproliferative_disorder">Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Transplant rejection" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transplant_rejection">Transplant rejection</a></li></line><line></ul></line><line></div></line><line></td></line><line></tr></line><line><tr><th class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #ddddff; border-top: 2px solid #fdfdfd; width: 173.375px;" scope="row">Transplant networks and government departments</th></line><line><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="line-height: 1.5em; border-color: #fdfdfd; background-color: #f7f7f7; border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 830px; padding: 0px;"></line><line><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"></line><line><ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url('data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%225%22 height=%2213%22%3E %3Ccircle cx=%222.5%22 cy=%229%22 r=%222.5%22 fill=%22%23222%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E');"></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a class="new" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #a55858; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Balttransplant (page does not exist)" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Balttransplant&action=edit&redlink=1">Balttransplant</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="BC Transplant Society" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BC_Transplant_Society">BC Transplant Society</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Eurotransplant" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurotransplant">Eurotransplant</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Gift of Life Marrow Registry" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gift_of_Life_Marrow_Registry">Gift of Life Marrow Registry</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Human Tissue Authority" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Tissue_Authority">Human Tissue Authority</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="LifeSharers" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LifeSharers">LifeSharers</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="National Marrow Donor Program" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Marrow_Donor_Program">National Marrow Donor Program</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="National Organization for Organ and Tissues Donation and Transplantation (Lebanon)" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Organization_for_Organ_and_Tissues_Donation_and_Transplantation_(Lebanon)">NOD-Lb</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="National Transplant Organization" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Transplant_Organization">National Transplant Organization</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="NHS Blood and Transplant" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHS_Blood_and_Transplant">NHS Blood and Transplant</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a class="new" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #a55858; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Scandiatransplant (page does not exist)" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scandiatransplant&action=edit&redlink=1">Scandiatransplant</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Trillium Gift of Life Network" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trillium_Gift_of_Life_Network">Trillium Gift of Life Network</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="United Network for Organ Sharing" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Network_for_Organ_Sharing">United Network for Organ Sharing</a></li></line><line></ul></line><line></div></line><line></td></line><line></tr></line><line><tr><th class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #ddddff; border-top: 2px solid #fdfdfd; width: 173.375px;" scope="row">Advocacy organizations</th></line><line><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="line-height: 1.5em; border-color: #fdfdfd; background-color: transparent; border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 830px; padding: 0px;"></line><line><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"></line><line><ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url('data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%225%22 height=%2213%22%3E %3Ccircle cx=%222.5%22 cy=%229%22 r=%222.5%22 fill=%22%23222%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E');"></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Anthony Nolan" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Nolan">Anthony Nolan</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Bloodwise" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloodwise">Bloodwise</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="DKMS" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DKMS">DKMS</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Donate Life America" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donate_Life_America">Donate Life America</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Halachic Organ Donor Society" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halachic_Organ_Donor_Society">Halachic Organ Donor Society</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Kidney Foundation of Canada" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_Foundation_of_Canada">Kidney Foundation of Canada</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="National Kidney Foundation" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Kidney_Foundation">National Kidney Foundation</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="ORGANIZE" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ORGANIZE">ORGANIZE</a></li></line><line></ul></line><line></div></line><line></td></line><line></tr></line><line><tr><th class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #ddddff; border-top: 2px solid #fdfdfd; width: 173.375px;" scope="row">Joint societies</th></line><line><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="line-height: 1.5em; border-color: #fdfdfd; background-color: #f7f7f7; border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 830px; padding: 0px;"></line><line><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"></line><line><ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url('data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%225%22 height=%2213%22%3E %3Ccircle cx=%222.5%22 cy=%229%22 r=%222.5%22 fill=%22%23222%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E');"></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="American Society of Nephrology" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Society_of_Nephrology">American Society of Nephrology</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="American Society of Transplantation" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Society_of_Transplantation">American Society of Transplantation</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Canadian Society of Transplantation" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Society_of_Transplantation">Canadian Society of Transplantation</a></li></line><line></ul></line><line></div></line><line></td></line><line></tr></line><line><tr><th class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #ddddff; border-top: 2px solid #fdfdfd; width: 173.375px;" scope="row">Countries</th></line><line><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="line-height: 1.5em; border-color: #fdfdfd; background-color: transparent; border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 830px; padding: 0px;"></line><line><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"></line><line><ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url('data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%225%22 height=%2213%22%3E %3Ccircle cx=%222.5%22 cy=%229%22 r=%222.5%22 fill=%22%23222%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E');"></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Organ transplantation in different countries" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ_transplantation_in_different_countries">Organ transplantation in different countries</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Organ transplantation in China" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ_transplantation_in_China">Organ transplantation in China</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Organ transplantation in Israel" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ_transplantation_in_Israel">Organ transplantation in Israel</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Organ transplantation in Japan" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ_transplantation_in_Japan">Organ transplantation in Japan</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Gurgaon kidney scandal" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurgaon_kidney_scandal">Gurgaon kidney scandal</a></li></line><line></ul></line><line></div></line><line></td></line><line></tr></line><line><tr><th class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #ddddff; border-top: 2px solid #fdfdfd; width: 173.375px;" scope="row">People</th></line><line><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="line-height: 1.5em; border-color: #fdfdfd; background-color: transparent; border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 830px; padding: 0px;"></line><line><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"> </div></line><line><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="font-size: 12.32px; width: 830px; border-spacing: 0px;"></line><line><tbody></line><line><tr><th class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #e6e6ff; width: 55.375px;" scope="row">Heart</th></line><line><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="line-height: 1.5em; border-color: #fdfdfd; background-color: #f7f7f7; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 748px; padding: 0px;"></line><line><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"></line><line><ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url('data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%225%22 height=%2213%22%3E %3Ccircle cx=%222.5%22 cy=%229%22 r=%222.5%22 fill=%22%23222%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E');"></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Christiaan Barnard" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christiaan_Barnard">Christiaan Barnard</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="James Hardy (surgeon)" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hardy_(surgeon)">James D. Hardy</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Adrian Kantrowitz" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrian_Kantrowitz">Adrian Kantrowitz</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Richard Lower (surgeon)" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Lower_(surgeon)">Richard Lower</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Norman Shumway" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Shumway">Norman Shumway</a></li></line><line></ul></line><line></div></line><line></td></line><line></tr></line><line><tr><th class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #e6e6ff; border-top: 2px solid #fdfdfd; width: 55.375px;" scope="row">Kidney</th></line><line><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="line-height: 1.5em; border-color: #fdfdfd; background-color: transparent; border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 748px; padding: 0px;"></line><line><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"></line><line><ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url('data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%225%22 height=%2213%22%3E %3Ccircle cx=%222.5%22 cy=%229%22 r=%222.5%22 fill=%22%23222%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E');"></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="J. Hartwell Harrison" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Hartwell_Harrison">J. Hartwell Harrison</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="John P. Merrill" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_P._Merrill">John P. Merrill</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Joseph Murray" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Murray">Joseph Murray</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Michael Woodruff" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Woodruff">Michael Woodruff</a></li></line><line></ul></line><line></div></line><line></td></line><line></tr></line><line><tr><th class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #e6e6ff; border-top: 2px solid #fdfdfd; width: 55.375px;" scope="row">Liver</th></line><line><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="line-height: 1.5em; border-color: #fdfdfd; background-color: #f7f7f7; border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 748px; padding: 0px;"></line><line><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"></line><line><ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url('data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%225%22 height=%2213%22%3E %3Ccircle cx=%222.5%22 cy=%229%22 r=%222.5%22 fill=%22%23222%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E');"></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Fikri Alican" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fikri_Alican">Fikri Alican</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="James Hardy (surgeon)" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hardy_(surgeon)">James D. Hardy</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Thomas Starzl" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Starzl">Thomas Starzl</a></li></line><line></ul></line><line></div></line><line></td></line><line></tr></line><line><tr><th class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #e6e6ff; border-top: 2px solid #fdfdfd; width: 55.375px;" scope="row">Lung</th></line><line><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="line-height: 1.5em; border-color: #fdfdfd; background-color: transparent; border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 748px; padding: 0px;"></line><line><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"></line><line><ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url('data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%225%22 height=%2213%22%3E %3Ccircle cx=%222.5%22 cy=%229%22 r=%222.5%22 fill=%22%23222%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E');"></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Fikri Alican" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fikri_Alican">Fikri Alican</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Joel D. Cooper" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joel_D._Cooper">Joel D. Cooper</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Vladimir Demikhov" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Demikhov">Vladimir Demikhov</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="James Hardy (surgeon)" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hardy_(surgeon)">James D. Hardy</a></li></line><line></ul></line><line></div></line><line></td></line><line></tr></line><line><tr><th class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #e6e6ff; border-top: 2px solid #fdfdfd; width: 55.375px;" scope="row">Pancreas</th></line><line><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="line-height: 1.5em; border-color: #fdfdfd; background-color: #f7f7f7; border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 748px; padding: 0px;"></line><line><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"></line><line><ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url('data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%225%22 height=%2213%22%3E %3Ccircle cx=%222.5%22 cy=%229%22 r=%222.5%22 fill=%22%23222%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E');"></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Richard C. Lillehei" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_C._Lillehei">Richard C. Lillehei</a></li></line><line></ul></line><line></div></line><line></td></line><line></tr></line><line><tr><th class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #e6e6ff; border-top: 2px solid #fdfdfd; width: 55.375px;" scope="row">Penis</th></line><line><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="line-height: 1.5em; border-color: #fdfdfd; background-color: transparent; border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 748px; padding: 0px;"></line><line><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"></line><line><ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url('data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%225%22 height=%2213%22%3E %3Ccircle cx=%222.5%22 cy=%229%22 r=%222.5%22 fill=%22%23222%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E');"></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="André van der Merwe" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_van_der_Merwe">André van der Merwe</a></li></line><line></ul></line><line></div></line><line></td></line><line></tr></line><line><tr><th class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #e6e6ff; border-top: 2px solid #fdfdfd; width: 55.375px;" scope="row">Other</th></line><line><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="line-height: 1.5em; border-color: #fdfdfd; background-color: #f7f7f7; border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 748px; padding: 0px;"></line><line><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"></line><line><ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url('data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%225%22 height=%2213%22%3E %3Ccircle cx=%222.5%22 cy=%229%22 r=%222.5%22 fill=%22%23222%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E');"></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Alexis Carrel" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexis_Carrel">Alexis Carrel</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Jean-Michel Dubernard" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Michel_Dubernard">Jean-Michel Dubernard</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Donna Mansell" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donna_Mansell">Donna Mansell</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Bruce Reitz" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Reitz">Bruce Reitz</a></li></line><line></ul></line><line></div></line><line></td></line><line></tr></line><line><tr></line><line><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="line-height: 1.5em; border-color: #fdfdfd; background-color: transparent; border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; width: 830px; padding: 0px;" colspan="2"></line><line><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"></line><line><ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url('data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%225%22 height=%2213%22%3E %3Ccircle cx=%222.5%22 cy=%229%22 r=%222.5%22 fill=%22%23222%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E');"></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="List of organ transplant donors and recipients" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_organ_transplant_donors_and_recipients">List of organ transplant donors and recipients</a></li></line><line></ul></line><line></div></line><line></td></line><line></tr></line><line></tbody></line><line></table></line><line><div> </div></line><line></td></line><line></tr></line><line><tr><th class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #ddddff; border-top: 2px solid #fdfdfd; width: 173.375px;" scope="row">Related topics</th></line><line><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="line-height: 1.5em; border-color: #fdfdfd; background-color: #f7f7f7; border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 830px; padding: 0px;"></line><line><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"></line><line><ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url('data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%225%22 height=%2213%22%3E %3Ccircle cx=%222.5%22 cy=%229%22 r=%222.5%22 fill=%22%23222%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E');"></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Biomedical tissue" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomedical_tissue">Biomedical tissue</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Edmonton protocol" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmonton_protocol">Edmonton protocol</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Eye bank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_bank">Eye bank</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Immunosuppressive drug" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunosuppressive_drug">Immunosuppressive drugs</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Lung allocation score" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lung_allocation_score">Lung allocation score</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Machine perfusion" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_perfusion">Machine perfusion</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Total body irradiation" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_body_irradiation">Total body irradiation</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none; white-space: nowrap;" title="Frankenstein's monster" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankenstein%27s_monster">Frankenstein's monster</a></li></line><line></ul></line><line></div></line><line></td></line><line></tr></line><line></tbody></line><line /><line></div></line><line><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; width: 1038px; clear: both; font-size: 12.32px; text-align: center; padding: 3px; margin: -1px auto 0px; background-color: #fdfdfd;"></line><line /><line><tbody></line><line><tr><th id="Authority_control_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1497472&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" class="navbox-group" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: right; white-space: nowrap; background-color: #ddddff; width: 113.375px;" scope="row"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="Help:Authority control" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Authority_control">Authority control</a> <a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="Edit this at Wikidata" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1497472"></a></th></line><line><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="line-height: 1.5em; border-color: #fdfdfd; background-color: transparent; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; width: 890px; padding: 0px;"></line><line><div style="padding: 0em 0.25em;"></line><line><ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.125em 0px; list-style-image: url('data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%225%22 height=%2213%22%3E %3Ccircle cx=%222.5%22 cy=%229%22 r=%222.5%22 fill=%22%23222%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E');"></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="Bibsys" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibsys">BIBSYS</a>: <a class="external text" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #663366; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url('data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%2212%22 height=%2212%22%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 stroke=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M1.5 4.518h5.982V10.5H1.5z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M5.765 1H11v5.39L9.427 7.937l-1.31-1.31L5.393 9.35l-2.69-2.688 2.81-2.808L4.2 2.544z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 d=%22M9.995 2.004l.022 4.885L8.2 5.07 5.32 7.95 4.09 6.723l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E'); padding-right: 13px;" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/3000517" rel="nofollow">3000517</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France">BNF</a>: <a class="external text" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #663366; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url('data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%2212%22 height=%2212%22%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 stroke=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M1.5 4.518h5.982V10.5H1.5z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M5.765 1H11v5.39L9.427 7.937l-1.31-1.31L5.393 9.35l-2.69-2.688 2.81-2.808L4.2 2.544z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 d=%22M9.995 2.004l.022 4.885L8.2 5.07 5.32 7.95 4.09 6.723l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E'); padding-right: 13px;" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb134749187" rel="nofollow">cb134749187</a> <a class="external text" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #663366; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url('data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%2212%22 height=%2212%22%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 stroke=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M1.5 4.518h5.982V10.5H1.5z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M5.765 1H11v5.39L9.427 7.937l-1.31-1.31L5.393 9.35l-2.69-2.688 2.81-2.808L4.2 2.544z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 d=%22M9.995 2.004l.022 4.885L8.2 5.07 5.32 7.95 4.09 6.723l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E'); padding-right: 13px;" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb134749187" rel="nofollow">(data)</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="Integrated Authority File" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File">GND</a>: <a class="external text" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #663366; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url('data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%2212%22 height=%2212%22%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 stroke=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M1.5 4.518h5.982V10.5H1.5z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M5.765 1H11v5.39L9.427 7.937l-1.31-1.31L5.393 9.35l-2.69-2.688 2.81-2.808L4.2 2.544z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 d=%22M9.995 2.004l.022 4.885L8.2 5.07 5.32 7.95 4.09 6.723l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E'); padding-right: 13px;" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/102640750" rel="nofollow">102640750</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="International Standard Name Identifier" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier">ISNI</a>: <a class="external text" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #663366; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url('data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%2212%22 height=%2212%22%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 stroke=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M1.5 4.518h5.982V10.5H1.5z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M5.765 1H11v5.39L9.427 7.937l-1.31-1.31L5.393 9.35l-2.69-2.688 2.81-2.808L4.2 2.544z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 d=%22M9.995 2.004l.022 4.885L8.2 5.07 5.32 7.95 4.09 6.723l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E'); padding-right: 13px;" href="http://isni.org/isni/000000036851609X" rel="nofollow">0000 0003 6851 609X</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="Library of Congress Control Number" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number">LCCN</a>: <a class="external text" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #663366; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url('data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%2212%22 height=%2212%22%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 stroke=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M1.5 4.518h5.982V10.5H1.5z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M5.765 1H11v5.39L9.427 7.937l-1.31-1.31L5.393 9.35l-2.69-2.688 2.81-2.808L4.2 2.544z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 d=%22M9.995 2.004l.022 4.885L8.2 5.07 5.32 7.95 4.09 6.723l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E'); padding-right: 13px;" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n87864366" rel="nofollow">n87864366</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="Base Léonore" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_L%C3%A9onore">Léonore</a>: <a class="external text" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #663366; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url('data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%2212%22 height=%2212%22%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 stroke=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M1.5 4.518h5.982V10.5H1.5z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M5.765 1H11v5.39L9.427 7.937l-1.31-1.31L5.393 9.35l-2.69-2.688 2.81-2.808L4.2 2.544z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 d=%22M9.995 2.004l.022 4.885L8.2 5.07 5.32 7.95 4.09 6.723l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E'); padding-right: 13px;" href="http://www.culture.gouv.fr/public/mistral/leonore_fr?ACTION=CHERCHER&FIELD_1=COTE&VALUE_1=19800035/741/84128" rel="nofollow">19800035/741/84128</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="National Library of the Czech Republic" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic">NKC</a>: <a class="external text" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #663366; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url('data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%2212%22 height=%2212%22%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 stroke=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M1.5 4.518h5.982V10.5H1.5z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M5.765 1H11v5.39L9.427 7.937l-1.31-1.31L5.393 9.35l-2.69-2.688 2.81-2.808L4.2 2.544z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 d=%22M9.995 2.004l.022 4.885L8.2 5.07 5.32 7.95 4.09 6.723l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E'); padding-right: 13px;" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=nlk20000085491&CON_LNG=ENG" rel="nofollow">nlk20000085491</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="National Library of Australia" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Library_of_Australia">NLA-person</a>: <a class="external text" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #663366; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url('data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%2212%22 height=%2212%22%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 stroke=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M1.5 4.518h5.982V10.5H1.5z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M5.765 1H11v5.39L9.427 7.937l-1.31-1.31L5.393 9.35l-2.69-2.688 2.81-2.808L4.2 2.544z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 d=%22M9.995 2.004l.022 4.885L8.2 5.07 5.32 7.95 4.09 6.723l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E'); padding-right: 13px;" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1243157" rel="nofollow">1243157</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="National Library of Israel" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Library_of_Israel">NLI</a>: <a class="external text" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #663366; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url('data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%2212%22 height=%2212%22%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 stroke=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M1.5 4.518h5.982V10.5H1.5z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M5.765 1H11v5.39L9.427 7.937l-1.31-1.31L5.393 9.35l-2.69-2.688 2.81-2.808L4.2 2.544z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 d=%22M9.995 2.004l.022 4.885L8.2 5.07 5.32 7.95 4.09 6.723l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E'); padding-right: 13px;" href="http://aleph.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NNL10&find_code=SYS&con_lng=eng&request=001452274" rel="nofollow">001452274</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="National Library of Poland" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Library_of_Poland">NLP</a>: <a class="external text" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #663366; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url('data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%2212%22 height=%2212%22%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 stroke=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M1.5 4.518h5.982V10.5H1.5z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M5.765 1H11v5.39L9.427 7.937l-1.31-1.31L5.393 9.35l-2.69-2.688 2.81-2.808L4.2 2.544z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 d=%22M9.995 2.004l.022 4.885L8.2 5.07 5.32 7.95 4.09 6.723l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E'); padding-right: 13px;" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/wikidata-externalid-url?p=1695&id=A24962922">A24962922</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="Royal Library of the Netherlands" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Library_of_the_Netherlands">NTA</a>: <a class="external text" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #663366; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url('data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%2212%22 height=%2212%22%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 stroke=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M1.5 4.518h5.982V10.5H1.5z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M5.765 1H11v5.39L9.427 7.937l-1.31-1.31L5.393 9.35l-2.69-2.688 2.81-2.808L4.2 2.544z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 d=%22M9.995 2.004l.022 4.885L8.2 5.07 5.32 7.95 4.09 6.723l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E'); padding-right: 13px;" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p072359188" rel="nofollow">072359188</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="SNAC" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNAC">SNAC</a>: <a class="external text" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #663366; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url('data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%2212%22 height=%2212%22%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 stroke=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M1.5 4.518h5.982V10.5H1.5z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M5.765 1H11v5.39L9.427 7.937l-1.31-1.31L5.393 9.35l-2.69-2.688 2.81-2.808L4.2 2.544z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 d=%22M9.995 2.004l.022 4.885L8.2 5.07 5.32 7.95 4.09 6.723l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E'); padding-right: 13px;" href="http://socialarchive.iath.virginia.edu/ark:/99166/w6cv6q35" rel="nofollow">w6cv6q35</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="Système universitaire de documentation" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation">SUDOC</a>: <a class="external text" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #663366; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url('data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%2212%22 height=%2212%22%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 stroke=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M1.5 4.518h5.982V10.5H1.5z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M5.765 1H11v5.39L9.427 7.937l-1.31-1.31L5.393 9.35l-2.69-2.688 2.81-2.808L4.2 2.544z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 d=%22M9.995 2.004l.022 4.885L8.2 5.07 5.32 7.95 4.09 6.723l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E'); padding-right: 13px;" href="https://www.idref.fr/06117968X" rel="nofollow">06117968X</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="Virtual International Authority File" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File">VIAF</a>: <a class="external text" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #663366; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url('data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%2212%22 height=%2212%22%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 stroke=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M1.5 4.518h5.982V10.5H1.5z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M5.765 1H11v5.39L9.427 7.937l-1.31-1.31L5.393 9.35l-2.69-2.688 2.81-2.808L4.2 2.544z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 d=%22M9.995 2.004l.022 4.885L8.2 5.07 5.32 7.95 4.09 6.723l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E'); padding-right: 13px;" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/42227722" rel="nofollow">42227722</a></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; display: inline;"><a class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #0b0080; background: none;" title="WorldCat Identities" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WorldCat_Identities">WorldCat Identities</a> (via VIAF): <a class="external text" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: #663366; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url('data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%2212%22 height=%2212%22%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 stroke=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M1.5 4.518h5.982V10.5H1.5z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M5.765 1H11v5.39L9.427 7.937l-1.31-1.31L5.393 9.35l-2.69-2.688 2.81-2.808L4.2 2.544z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 d=%22M9.995 2.004l.022 4.885L8.2 5.07 5.32 7.95 4.09 6.723l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E'); padding-right: 13px;" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/42227722" rel="nofollow">42227722</a></li></line><line></ul></line><line></div></line><line></td></line><line></tr></line><line></tbody></line><line /><line></div></line><line></div></line><line></div></line><line><div style="border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; background-color: #f8f9fa; padding: 5px; margin-: 1em; clear: both;"></line><line><div>Categories: </line><line><ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none none; display: inline;"></line><line><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-: 0px; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 0.25em; zoom: 1;">1866 births</li></line><line><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;">1951 deaths</li></line><line><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;">French eugenicists</li></line><line><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;">French immunologists</li></line><line><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;">French Jews</li></line><line><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;">French transplant surgeons</li></line><line><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;">Imperial Russian emigrants to France</li></line><line><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;">Obsolete medicine</li></line><line><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;">People from Voronezh</li></line><line><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;">Russian Jews</li></line><line></ul></line><line></div></line><line></div></line><line><div style="clear: both;"> </div></line><line></div></line><line></div></line><line><div style="margin-: 11em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </div></line><line><div style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"></line><line>Navigation menu</line><line><div style=": absolute; : 0px; right: 0px; width: 1263px;"></line><line><div style=": absolute; : 0.33em; right: 1em; z-index: 100;"></line><line><ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10em; list-style: none none;"></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-image: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url('data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%2220%22 height=%2220%22 viewbox=%220 0 20 20%22%3e %3cg fill=%22%2354595d%22%3e %3cpath d=%22m10 11c-5.92 0-8 3-8 5v3h16v-3c0-2-2.08-5-8-5z%22/%3e %3ccircle cx=%2210%22 cy=%225.5%22 r=%224.5%22/%3e %3c/g%3e %3c/svg%3e'); background-: 0.333333em; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: 1.16667em 1.16667em; padding-: 0.5em; padding-: 16px !important; color: #54595d; float: ; margin-: 0.75em; font-size: 0.75em; line-height: 1.16667em; white-space: nowrap;">Not logged in</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; float: ; margin-: 0.75em; padding-: 0.5em; font-size: 0.75em; line-height: 1.16667em; white-space: nowrap;">Talk</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; float: ; margin-: 0.75em; padding-: 0.5em; font-size: 0.75em; line-height: 1.16667em; white-space: nowrap;">Contributions</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; float: ; margin-: 0.75em; padding-: 0.5em; font-size: 0.75em; line-height: 1.16667em; white-space: nowrap;">Create account</li></line><line><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; float: ; margin-: 0.75em; padding-: 0.5em; font-size: 0.75em; line-height: 1.16667em; white-space: nowrap;">Log in</li></line><line></ul></line><line></div></line><line><div style="float: ; margin-: 11em; margin-: 2.5em; margin-bottom: -2.5em;"></line><line><div style="float: ; height: 2.5em; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaeaaaaucaiaaabmjeq9aaaaq0leqvr4awvohqeaiazc/x+xaxbxeodfga3a9yk1n4jubrocuegfarwjp3ojzvezxs6j+nygmo+zzsk79ny+toxdehlf3uhvgufrvwaaaabjru5erkjggg=='); background-: bottom; background-repeat: no-repeat; padding-: 1px;"></line><line><ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none none; float: ; height: 40px; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaeaaaaucaiaaabmjeq9aaaaq0leqvr4awvohqeaiazc/x+xaxbxeodfga3a9yk1n4jubrocuegfarwjp3ojzvezxs6j+nygmo+zzsk79ny+toxdehlf3uhvgufrvwaaaabjru5erkjggg=='); background-: right bottom; background-repeat: no-repeat;"></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; float: ; line-height: 1.125em; display: block; height: 40px; padding: 0px; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaeaaabkaqaaaabvv2fnaaaadeleqvr4awnogb4qainlmgfkerkbaaaaaelftksuqmcc'); background-: bottom; background-repeat: repeat-x; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaeaaaaucaiaaabmjeq9aaaaq0leqvr4awvohqeaiazc/x+xaxbxeodfga3a9yk1n4jubrocuegfarwjp3ojzvezxs6j+nygmo+zzsk79ny+toxdehlf3uhvgufrvwaaaabjru5erkjggg=='); background-: right bottom; background-repeat: no-repeat; height: 40px;">Article</li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; float: ; line-height: 1.125em; display: block; height: 40px; padding: 0px; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaeaaabkcaiaaadits03aaaao0leqvr4aeskhreamqzddn5/5uixuekdpqgbjl2f78wd2dvj1+26/h///pftevmn7zogebcg1/y/zqqalautqcujijmaaaaasuvork5cyii='); background-: bottom; background-repeat: repeat-x; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaeaaaaucaiaaabmjeq9aaaaq0leqvr4awvohqeaiazc/x+xaxbxeodfga3a9yk1n4jubrocuegfarwjp3ojzvezxs6j+nygmo+zzsk79ny+toxdehlf3uhvgufrvwaaaabjru5erkjggg=='); background-: right bottom; background-repeat: no-repeat; height: 40px;">Talk</li></line><line></ul></line><line></div></line><line></div></line><line><div style="float: right; margin-: 2.5em;"></line><line><div style="float: ; height: 2.5em; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaeaaaaucaiaaabmjeq9aaaaq0leqvr4awvohqeaiazc/x+xaxbxeodfga3a9yk1n4jubrocuegfarwjp3ojzvezxs6j+nygmo+zzsk79ny+toxdehlf3uhvgufrvwaaaabjru5erkjggg=='); background-: bottom; background-repeat: no-repeat; padding-: 1px;"></line><line><ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none none; float: ; height: 40px; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaeaaaaucaiaaabmjeq9aaaaq0leqvr4awvohqeaiazc/x+xaxbxeodfga3a9yk1n4jubrocuegfarwjp3ojzvezxs6j+nygmo+zzsk79ny+toxdehlf3uhvgufrvwaaaabjru5erkjggg=='); background-: right bottom; background-repeat: no-repeat;"></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; float: ; line-height: 1.125em; display: block; height: 40px; padding: 0px; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaeaaabkaqaaaabvv2fnaaaadeleqvr4awnogb4qainlmgfkerkbaaaaaelftksuqmcc'); background-: bottom; background-repeat: repeat-x; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaeaaaaucaiaaabmjeq9aaaaq0leqvr4awvohqeaiazc/x+xaxbxeodfga3a9yk1n4jubrocuegfarwjp3ojzvezxs6j+nygmo+zzsk79ny+toxdehlf3uhvgufrvwaaaabjru5erkjggg=='); background-: right bottom; background-repeat: no-repeat; height: 40px;">Read</li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; float: ; line-height: 1.125em; display: block; height: 40px; padding: 0px; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaeaaabkcaiaaadits03aaaao0leqvr4aeskhreamqzddn5/5uixuekdpqgbjl2f78wd2dvj1+26/h///pftevmn7zogebcg1/y/zqqalautqcujijmaaaaasuvork5cyii='); background-: bottom; background-repeat: repeat-x; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaeaaaaucaiaaabmjeq9aaaaq0leqvr4awvohqeaiazc/x+xaxbxeodfga3a9yk1n4jubrocuegfarwjp3ojzvezxs6j+nygmo+zzsk79ny+toxdehlf3uhvgufrvwaaaabjru5erkjggg=='); background-: right bottom; background-repeat: no-repeat; height: 40px;">Edit</li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; float: ; line-height: 1.125em; display: block; height: 40px; padding: 0px; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaeaaabkcaiaaadits03aaaao0leqvr4aeskhreamqzddn5/5uixuekdpqgbjl2f78wd2dvj1+26/h///pftevmn7zogebcg1/y/zqqalautqcujijmaaaaasuvork5cyii='); background-: bottom; background-repeat: repeat-x; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="display: inline-block; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaeaaaaucaiaaabmjeq9aaaaq0leqvr4awvohqeaiazc/x+xaxbxeodfga3a9yk1n4jubrocuegfarwjp3ojzvezxs6j+nygmo+zzsk79ny+toxdehlf3uhvgufrvwaaaabjru5erkjggg=='); background-: right bottom; background-repeat: no-repeat; height: 40px;">View history</li></line><line></ul></line><line></div></line><line><div style="float: ; margin-right: 1em; margin-: 0.5em;"></line><line><label for="searchInput">Search</label></line><line /><line><div style="width: 20vw; min-width: 5em; max-width: 20em; height: 27.375px; margin-: 0px; : relative; min-height: 1px;"></div></line><line></form></div></line><line></div></line><line></div></line><line><div style="font-size: inherit; : absolute; : 0px; width: 10em; : 0px; padding-: 0.5em;"></line><line><div style="width: 10em; height: 160px;"> </div></line><line><div style="margin: 1em 0.6em 0px 0.7em; padding: 0.25em 0px; direction: ltr; background-: ; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-image: none;"></line><line><div style="margin-: 0.5em; padding-: 0px; background-image: none; background-repeat: no-repeat;"></line><line><ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0px 0px; list-style: none none;"></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.125em; padding: 0.25em 0px; font-size: 0.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Main page</li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.125em; padding: 0.25em 0px; font-size: 0.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Contents</li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.125em; padding: 0.25em 0px; font-size: 0.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Featured content</li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.125em; padding: 0.25em 0px; font-size: 0.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Current events</li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.125em; padding: 0.25em 0px; font-size: 0.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Random article</li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.125em; padding: 0.25em 0px; font-size: 0.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Donate to Wikipedia</li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.125em; padding: 0.25em 0px; font-size: 0.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Wikipedia store</li></line><line></ul></line><line></div></line><line></div></line><line><div style="margin: 0px 0.6em 0px 0.7em; padding: 0.25em 0px; direction: ltr; background-: ; background-repeat: no-repeat;"></line><line>Interaction</line><line><div style="margin-: 0.5em; padding-: 0px; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaiwaaaabcaaaaaaphrnkaaaaj0leqvqiw7xfsqeaiayampd/b7ulwz8ws5youfw1urefiiph1q2vbz7fgps1dogeaaaaaelftksuqmcc'); background-repeat: no-repeat;"></line><line><ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0px 0px; list-style: none none;"></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.125em; padding: 0.25em 0px; font-size: 0.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Help</li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.125em; padding: 0.25em 0px; font-size: 0.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word;">About Wikipedia</li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.125em; padding: 0.25em 0px; font-size: 0.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Community portal</li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.125em; padding: 0.25em 0px; font-size: 0.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Recent changes</li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.125em; padding: 0.25em 0px; font-size: 0.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Contact page</li></line><line></ul></line><line></div></line><line></div></line><line><div style="margin: 0px 0.6em 0px 0.7em; padding: 0.25em 0px; direction: ltr; background-: ; background-repeat: no-repeat;"></line><line>Tools</line><line><div style="margin-: 0.5em; padding-: 0px; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaiwaaaabcaaaaaaphrnkaaaaj0leqvqiw7xfsqeaiayampd/b7ulwz8ws5youfw1urefiiph1q2vbz7fgps1dogeaaaaaelftksuqmcc'); background-repeat: no-repeat;"></line><line><ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0px 0px; list-style: none none;"></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.125em; padding: 0.25em 0px; font-size: 0.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word;">What links here</li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.125em; padding: 0.25em 0px; font-size: 0.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Related changes</li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.125em; padding: 0.25em 0px; font-size: 0.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Upload file</li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.125em; padding: 0.25em 0px; font-size: 0.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Special pages</li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.125em; padding: 0.25em 0px; font-size: 0.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Permanent link</li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.125em; padding: 0.25em 0px; font-size: 0.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Page information</li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.125em; padding: 0.25em 0px; font-size: 0.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Wikidata item</li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.125em; padding: 0.25em 0px; font-size: 0.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Cite this page</li></line><line></ul></line><line></div></line><line></div></line><line><div style="margin: 0px 0.6em 0px 0.7em; padding: 0.25em 0px; direction: ltr; background-: ; background-repeat: no-repeat;"></line><line>In other projects</line><line><div style="margin-: 0.5em; padding-: 0px; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaiwaaaabcaaaaaaphrnkaaaaj0leqvqiw7xfsqeaiayampd/b7ulwz8ws5youfw1urefiiph1q2vbz7fgps1dogeaaaaaelftksuqmcc'); background-repeat: no-repeat;"></line><line><ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0px 0px; list-style: none none;"></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.125em; padding: 0.25em 0px; font-size: 0.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Wikimedia Commons</li></line><line></ul></line><line></div></line><line></div></line><line><div style="margin: 0px 0.6em 0px 0.7em; padding: 0.25em 0px; direction: ltr; background-: ; background-repeat: no-repeat;"></line><line>Print/export</line><line><div style="margin-: 0.5em; padding-: 0px; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaiwaaaabcaaaaaaphrnkaaaaj0leqvqiw7xfsqeaiayampd/b7ulwz8ws5youfw1urefiiph1q2vbz7fgps1dogeaaaaaelftksuqmcc'); background-repeat: no-repeat;"></line><line><ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0px 0px; list-style: none none;"></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.125em; padding: 0.25em 0px; font-size: 0.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Create a book</li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.125em; padding: 0.25em 0px; font-size: 0.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Download as PDF</li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.125em; padding: 0.25em 0px; font-size: 0.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Printable version</li></line><line></ul></line><line></div></line><line></div></line><line><div style="margin: 0px 0.6em 0px 0.7em; padding: 0.25em 0px; direction: ltr; background-: ; background-repeat: no-repeat;"></line><line>Languages</line><line><div style="margin-: 0.5em; padding-: 0px; background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaiwaaaabcaaaaaaphrnkaaaaj0leqvqiw7xfsqeaiayampd/b7ulwz8ws5youfw1urefiiph1q2vbz7fgps1dogeaaaaaelftksuqmcc'); background-repeat: no-repeat;"></line><line><ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0px 0px; list-style: none none;"></line><line><ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0px 0px; list-style: none none;"></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.125em; padding: 0.25em 0px; font-size: 0.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Deutsch</li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.125em; padding: 0.25em 0px; font-size: 0.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Español</li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.125em; padding: 0.25em 0px; font-size: 0.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Français</li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.125em; padding: 0.25em 0px; font-size: 0.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Bahasa Indonesia</li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.125em; padding: 0.25em 0px; font-size: 0.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Italiano</li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.125em; padding: 0.25em 0px; font-size: 0.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Русский</li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.125em; padding: 0.25em 0px; font-size: 0.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Svenska</li></line><line></ul></line><line></ul></line><line>4 more</line><line><div>Edit links</div></line><line></div></line><line></div></line><line></div></line><line></div></line><line><div style="margin-: 11em; margin-: 0px; padding: 1.25em; direction: ltr; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"></line><line><ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none none;"></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; color: #222222; padding: 0.5em 0px; font-size: 0.7em; line-height: 1.4em;">This page was last edited on 14 July 2019, at 09:11 (UTC).</li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px; color: #222222; padding: 0.5em 0px; font-size: 0.7em; line-height: 1.4em;">Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.</li></line><line></ul></line><line><ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none none;"></line><line><li style="margin: 0px 1em 0px 0px; color: #222222; padding: 0.5em 0px; font-size: 0.7em; float: ; line-height: 2em;">Privacy policy</li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px 1em 0px 0px; color: #222222; padding: 0.5em 0px; font-size: 0.7em; float: ; line-height: 2em;">About Wikipedia</li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px 1em 0px 0px; color: #222222; padding: 0.5em 0px; font-size: 0.7em; float: ; line-height: 2em;">Disclaimers</li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px 1em 0px 0px; color: #222222; padding: 0.5em 0px; font-size: 0.7em; float: ; line-height: 2em;">Contact Wikipedia</li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px 1em 0px 0px; color: #222222; padding: 0.5em 0px; font-size: 0.7em; float: ; line-height: 2em;">Developers</li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px 1em 0px 0px; color: #222222; padding: 0.5em 0px; font-size: 0.7em; float: ; line-height: 2em;">Cookie statement</li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px 1em 0px 0px; color: #222222; padding: 0.5em 0px; font-size: 0.7em; float: ; line-height: 2em;">Mobile view</li></line><line></ul></line><line><ul style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none none; float: right;"></line><line><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em; color: #222222; padding: 0.5em 0px; font-size: 0.7em; float: ; line-height: 2em; text-align: right;"></li></line><line><li style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.5em; color: #222222; padding: 0.5em 0px; font-size: 0.7em; float: ; line-height: 2em; text-align: right;"></li></line><line><li></li></line><line></ul></line><line><div style="clear: both;"> </div></line><line></div></line></content><metadataxml> CREA 2021-03-10 03:16:33.000 USER 0Z4NYkk2mn8iyf7nOH7hYBXcklpnTFvMpMQ5pni8M2SnE2CFDc+D04cQu+wg+kMt7QEKd85xE089Fu1uuuSQ== ENCR 1. CLON TID 10965519. PID 190149244274. OID 4f4aa281-f84a-4df9-bd87-d8c5024eb40b. USER 07CbGyOiTmjRFkpGTVo8RkgN0dwglaU/S1BWj9OLsjky4movPsNmoGWSNZefLOlSksCUmnYJKXIYbKKbPVqrag==. ENCR 1. 2019-08-30 22:46:35.000. Origin: u ATL N

File O664 File: Format: htm. story MTYPE story. STYPE x-inline. SIZE 1471. marriages RIN 6fecf7fb-8097-45c9-a0db-769d42fedda7 META <metadataxml><content><line>Voronoff married his first wife, Marguerite Barbe, in 1897; she died in 1910. His second wife was Evelyn Bostwick, a wealthy New York socialite and the daughter of Jabez Bostwick—they married in 1920 (Bostwick's daughter from a previous marriage was Betty Carstairs). Evelyn translated into English Voronoff's book Life: a means of restoring vital energy and prolinging life.[31] She died on March 3, 1921, at the age of 48. Her legacy gave Voronoff a large income for the rest of his life.Ten years later, Voronoff married Gerti Schwartz, believed by some to be the illegitimate daughter of King Carol of Romania.[31] She outlived him and became the Condesa da Foz upon Voronoff's death.</line></content><metadataxml> CREA 2021-03-10 02:34:40.000 USER JGgHr1VWxWLCbK7Ze2Du1vjz5yAFihdSzr6mO4nQqRbtDRjo9G6ipE0UxGjXbRIoaqSwDpH31VDdVj9vm6IA== ENCR 1. CLON TID 4438489. OID e48bf216-36c3-486a-bb2d-0b178a2b9a2a. USER 9dBybOBcvQyxdv8B8M83LUMu8jeIqM5ibprnU7VO7v1yUJsHI8/U+LP6lWg2JsNPJOn3qSPoJ6pskhSj7QitRw==. ENCR 1. 2011-08-13 19:13:30.000. Origin: u ATL N

Sources

↑ Source: S91223776 The Evening World; Publication Date: 5 Mar 1921; Publication Place: New York, New York, United States of America; URL: https://www.newspapers.com/image/466217651/?article=d41f3c4c-4135-4db3-81a0-54fddb783c0f&focus=0.7418697,0.8152329,0.8572139,0.9112651&xi Ancestry Record 61843 #257264746
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Source: S_437207073 Ancestry Record 60541 #630648
↑ Source: S_437827026 National Archives and Records Administration (NARA); Washington, D.C.; Index, 1917-1950 Declarations of Intention, U.S. District Court, Southern Dist. of New York, M1675; Microfilm Serial: M1675; Microfilm Roll: 109 Ancestry Record 1629 #3077491
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 Source: S104488343 The National Archives at Philadelphia; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; NAI Title: Declarations of Intention for Citizenship, 1/19/1842 - 10/29/1959; NAI Number: 4713410; Record Group Title: Records of District Courts of the United States, 1685-2009; Record Gro Ancestry Record 2280 #6789614
↑ Source: S75487548 Gale Research Company; Detroit, Michigan; Accession Number: 4810376 Ancestry Record 4394 #9713782
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Source: S91223776 The Jackson Sun; Publication Date: 4 Sep 1951; Publication Place: Jackson, Tennessee, USA; URL: https://www.newspapers.com/image/282660085/?article=5eb25f40-2817-48ac-87fb-8de8b8fd2756&focus=0.15633714,0.21560237,0.272876,0.43516344&xid=3355 Ancestry Record 61843 #2736558
↑ Source: S99504881 Publication Date: 30/ Apr/ 1934; Publication Place: San Francisco, California, USA; URL: https://www.newspapers.com/image/458174139/?article=6def1e89-7a43-42c8-aec3-ac448016a980&focus=0.15085879,0.032290325,0.2657827,0.41712317&xid=3398 Ancestry Record 62116 #333601503
↑ Source: S91223776 The Jackson Sun; Publication Date: 4 Sep 1951; Publication Place: Jackson, Tennessee, USA; URL: https://www.newspapers.com/image/282660085/?article=5eb25f40-2817-48ac-87fb-8de8b8fd2756&focus=0.15633714,0.21560237,0.272876,0.43516344&xid=3355 Ancestry Record 61843 #22736558
↑ Source: S99504881 Publication Date: 30/ Apr/ 1934; Publication Place: San Francisco, California, USA; URL: https://www.newspapers.com/image/458174139/?article=6def1e89-7a43-42c8-aec3-ac448016a980&focus=0.15085879,0.032290325,0.2657827,0.41712317&xid=3398 Ancestry Record 62116 #128341483

Ancestry.com. New York, U.S., State and Federal Naturalization Records, 1794-1943 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2013.

Journal and Courier; Publication Date: 3 Sep 1951; Publication Place: Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America; URL: https://www.newspapers.com/image/261730716/?article=b780328c-8499-435a-864a-7e355ce9e33d&focus=0.6208826,0.62377185,0.7432973,0.7384291&xid=3355
Source: S104488343 New York, U.S., State and Federal Naturalization Records, 1794-1943 Ancestry.com Publication: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc. 2013 Provo, UT, USA Record Collection 2280

Source: S104488409 Stars and Stripes Newspaper, Europe, Mediterranean, and North Africa Editions, 1942-1964 Ancestry.com Publication: Online publication - Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2007.Original data - The ‘Stars and Stripes’ Newspaper of the U.S. Armed Forces in Europe, the Mediterranean, and North Africa, 1942-1958; (National Archives Microfilm Publication M1506, 138 Record Collection 1136Web Address: https://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=StarsandStripes_EU&h=32342&ti=0&indiv=try&gss=pt Ancestry Record 1136 #32342

Source: S75487548 Biography & Genealogy Master Index (BGMI) Ancestry.com Publication: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc. 2009 Provo, UT, USA Record Collection 4394

Source: S91223776 Newspapers.com Obituary Index, 1800s-current Ancestry.com Publication: Ancestry.com Operations Inc 2019 Lehi, UT, USA Record Collection 61843

Source: S99504881 Newspapers.com Marriage Index, 1800s-1999 Ancestry.com Publication: Ancestry.com Operations Inc 2020 Lehi, UT, USA Record Collection 62116

Source: S_437207073 Global, Find A Grave Index for Burials at Sea and other Select Burial Locations, 1300s-Current Ancestry.com Publication: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc. 2012 Provo, UT, USA Record Collection 60541

Source: S_437247833 Ancestry Family Trees Publication: Online publication - Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com. Original data: Family Tree files submitted by Ancestry members. Record Collection 1030Ancestry Family Tree APID 102134485352:1030:3693012 APID 190149244274:1030:10965519 APID 402036152168:1030:153897800

Source: S_437827026 U.S. Naturalization Record Indexes, 1791-1992 (Indexed in World Archives Project) Ancestry.com Publication: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc. 2010 Provo, UT, USA Record Collection 1629

Is Serge your ancestor? Please don't go away!

contact

the profile manager, or

ask our community of genealogists a question.

Серге́й Абрамович (Воронов) Voronoff (1866 - 1951)

Biography

External Files

Sources