Mary Ann (Cramp) Foote (1817 - 1920)

Born 24 Apr 1817 in Ashford, Kent, England

Ancestors

Wife of John Gower — married 25 Dec 1835 in Maidstone, Kent, England

Wife of Robert Chapman — married 2 Jun 1873 in Gawler, South Australia, Australia

Descendants

Died 30 May 1920 at age 103 in Stepney, South Australia, Australia

Problems/Questions Profile manager: Ray Howell [send private message]

Biography

Parents and siblings – Marriage – Emigration – First ten years in South Australia – Barossa district – Mary Ann after John's death – Descendants

Mary Ann Cramp was baptized in Kingsnorth, Kent, on 26 April 1817. Her parents were named Robert and Fanny.^[1]

The parish of Kingsnorth, Kent,^[2] is adjacent to the town of Ashford.^[3]

Parents and siblings

According to the "Mid-Kent Marriages Index 1754–1811" website,^[4] James Gower and Fanny Venner were married in Kingsnorth on 19 September 1807. Checking findmypast.co.uk reveals that an image of the original record is available for purchase.

From findmypast one can find that William Venner Cramp, son of Robert and Fanny, was baptized in Kingsnorth in 1809 and Charlotte Cramp, daughter of Robert and Fanny, was baptized in Kingsnorth in 1810. Unsourced information submitted to FamilySearch gives the date of Charlotte's baptism as 22 September 1810. FamilySearch have records of six further baptisms of children of Robert and Fanny; so apparently they had eight children in all:

• William Venner Cramp, baptized in Kingsnorth in 1809,
• Charlotte Cramp, baptized in Kingsnorth on 22 September 1810,
• Fanny Cramp, baptized in Kingsnorth on 15 November 1813,^[5]
• Robert Cramp, baptized in Kingsnorth on 4 July 1815,^[6]
• Mary Ann Cramp, baptized in Kingsnorth on 26 April 1817,
• Elizabeth Cramp, baptized in Kingsnorth on 21 May 1820,^[7]
• Catherine Cramp, baptized in Kingsnorth on 19 May 1822,^[8]
• Clarke Cramp, baptized in Ashford on 26 January 1826.^[9]

It looks as though the first child was baptized about a year and a few months after the parents were married, and then the subsequent baptisms happened at roughly two year intervals (with a larger gap before the last child). It was usual in England at this time for children to be baptized within a month or two of their births, and it certainly looks as though the Gowers followed this practice.

Marriage

Mary Ann Cramp married John Gower in Maidstone^[10] on 25 December 1835.^[11]

Images of the bishop's transcripts for All Saints Church Maidstone can be viewed at Family History Centres, and the marriage of John Gower and Mary Ann Crampt can be found in this collection. We find that John Gower was a widower, Mary Ann Crampt a spinster. The record seems to indicate that bride and groom did not sign their names but rather made marks.

Mary Ann Elizabeth Gower, daughter of John and Mary Ann, was baptized in Maidstone on 25 June 1837.^[12]

Emigration

The book "Index to register of emigrant labourers applying for a free passage to South Australia, 1836–1841", commonly called Pike's Index,^[13] includes the following entry:

Number: 2044    Date: 21-3-'38

Name: Gower, John  —   Gardener & Nurseryman

Address: Ring St, Maidstone

Marital Status: M   24   /f   21   Children: M   /f   11m.

Agent    Sup. of Emig.

Comment:  M. Whiting

Embarkation Number   1246

Pike's Index exists as a FamilySearch film, which unfortunately can only be viewed at Family History Centres. In particular, John Gower's entry can be viewed there.^[14]

So on 21 March 1838 John Gower claimed that he was 24 years old, his wife was 21, and his daughter 11 months. If Mary Ann (John's wife) was less than five weeks old at her baptism then she would have actually only been 20 on 21 March 1838, though almost 21. The baby Mary Ann Elizabeth must have been about two months old at her baptism, and if John correctly reported his own age then his date of birth was between March 1813 and March 1814.

However, John Gower had a sister Sarah who was born on 8 November 1813,^[15] and when John died on 20 February 1869 his age was recorded as 60.^[16] Furthermore, John also had a sister named Betsy who was born on 6 October 1809.^[17] It seems likely that John's age was overstated by a couple of years when he died, and understated by a couple of years when he made his application for free passage. Conjecturally, he was born in about 1811.

First ten years in South Australia

On 23 September 1838 the Winchester, Captain Salmon, 400 tons burthen, arrived at Port Adelaide, with 83 Commissioners' emigrants and several cabin passengers, after a passage of 101 days, including a stay of two days at St Jago.^[18] (St Jago, otherwise Santiago, is the largest island of Cape Verde).^[19] Late in her life Mary Ann told a newspaper interviewer that she arrived in the Winchester ; so the Commissioners' emigrants included three Gowers.

Mary Ann also said that after their arrival "they made their way to the place where Adelaide now stands, and where a few rude huts had been erected to shelter immigrants".

John and Mary Ann's second child, Sarah Ann Gower, was born on 5 December 1839 and baptized on 19 January 1840, in South Australia.^[20] At this time the family were living at the Reed Beds,^[21] and John Gower was a gardener.

John Gower and Mrs Gower, both aged between 21 and 35, with Mary Ann Gower and Sarah Ann Gower, both aged less than 7, were listed in the 1841 census of South Australia.^[22]

The census does not provide clear information about where John and Mary Ann and their daughters were living in 1841, only that it was somewhere in District A (and not in Adelaide itself). District A was an approximately rectangular region with its southwest corner near Glenelg and its northeast corner near present day Golden Grove).^[23]

We can, however, find out where they lived, since in the interview already mentioned Mary Ann said that after leaving the shelter huts "We went seven miles out of town to Captain Walker's sheep station", the house being three miles from any other dwelling.

John Walker's place, which he called Havering, was Section 509, alongside the River Torrens, near present day Gilles Plains.^[24] It is shown on an 1839 map^[25] made from the surveys of Colonel Light, where it is marked as belonging to the South Australian Company.

On 14 October 1842 John Walker^[26] placed the following advertisement in The Southern Australian.^[27]

TO BE LET

For the approaching hot weather

A COMFORTABLE Dwelling House beautifully situated on the banks of the Torrens, in section 509, six miles from Adelaide, with bathing house, stabling, paddock for one or two horses, and every requisite for a family of respectability. The parties would be supplied with fruit and vegetables gratis, and might be accommodated with dairy produce.

For terms and further particulars, apply to Mr John Walker on the section.

This desirable residence will be open for rental for one month only from this date.

Havering on the Torrens.

October 14, 1842.

See also a letter to the editor of The South Australian, published on 6 June 1845, concerning Captain Walker of Havering Farm.^[28]

Nine years after John and Mary Ann arrived in South Australia, on 13 November 1847, two of their sons were tragically killed. The inquest was reported as follows.^[29]

An inquest was held, on Monday, by William Wyatt, Esq, J. P., Coroner, at the house of Mr Richmond, at the Torrens, on the bodies of two brothers, John Gower, aged six and a half years years, and Edward Gower, aged five years, sons of Mr John Gower, farmer, who met their deaths on Saturday, under the following lamentable circumstances; the two children were in a dray, driven by William Glissenbury, a boy of twelve years old. It had turned into Mr Richmond's section, and the driver was engaged in replacing the slip rails, when the bullocks set off. It is supposed that the youngest child, who was much addicted to playing whips, had urged them forward, but the evidence was not very clear. The driver could give little information of the accident, but from his evidence, and a view of the ground, by the coroner and jury, the dray seems to have jolted over a stump, when the child was thrown out, and broke his neck. The tracks show that it proceeded for some distance till one wheel passing over an immense fallen tree, it was completely upset, and the younger child was dashed on his head, so that his death must have been almost instaneous. The boy Glissenbury stated that he saw the elder child moving on the ground, and making a low moaning. He passed him and went on to Mr Richmond's, when he reported that the dray had turned over, and that a child was hurt. (This is Richmond's statement, the boy says he mentioned two children.) Mrs Gower being informed went out and found the body of her younger child, but had no idea that the elder was with the dray. The elder was subsequently missed, and the father, going out to seek him, found him quite dead three hours after the accident, which happened at noon. The jury returned a verdict of "Accidental death, caused by the over-turning of a dray."

Tragedy again struck the family less than six months later, in May 1848, when the eldest daughter, Mary Ann, was killed.^[30]

An inquest was held yesterday, at Mr Richmond's section on the Torrens, on the body of Mary Ann Gower, who came to her death under the following circumstances. It appears that about noon of the 23rd instant, the deceased, who was about twelve years of age, proceeded in the absence of her mother to light a fire for the purpose of cooking her father's dinner, when her clothes became ignited by a spark from the embers. On perceiving her condition she ran to a water-hole, a short distance from the house, and succeeded in extinguishing the flames; not however until the whole of her attire had been on fire. She made her way back to the house, and a neighbour appearing, the alarm was given and medical aid sent for from Town. Dr Colter stated in evidence that on his arrival he found a burn on the body of the deceased extending over the whole trunk, with the exception of the upper part of the chest. The arms and legs were likewise much injured, the surface was cold, and the pulse at the wrist scarcely perceptible, and the doctor at once declared the case hopeless. He administered the usual remedies, and the patient lingered until four o'clock of the morning of the 25th when she died.

The above article goes on to say that shortly after their arrival in South Australia John and Mary Ann had all their goods burnt, and then, while they were residing at the Reed Beds, everything belonging to them was washed away in a flood.

John and Mary Ann had ten children altogether. There are apparently no surviving birth or baptism records for the seven that followed Sarah Ann, but the birth of the youngest child was registered: William Henry Gower, son of John Gower and Mary Ann Cramp, was born in Adelaide on 25 September 1854.^[31] Since the mother's maiden name was recorded, we can be confident that the parents have been correctly identified.

Barossa district

In 1858 and 1859 reports of meetings of Mount Crawford District Council mention John Gower as a person who submitted tenders for council work, such as road making and fence making.‍^[32]‍^[33]‍^[34]‍^[35] We can be sure that at this time John Gower and family were living in the Mount Crawford district, which was contained in the southeast part of the Hundred of Barossa^[36] and the northeast part of the Hundred of Para Wirra.^[37] Its borders are described in detail in The South Australian Government Gazette  of 15 February 1855.^[38]

In fact it seems that in 1859 John Gower was living in the township of Williamstown.^[39] A website called "Monument Australia"^[40] has a "150 years of Williamstown" page^[41] featuring a photograph of a plaque created by the Williamstown and Districts Historical Society and on display in Williamstown.^[42] It gives the names of the people who (according to district council records) owned and occupied Williamstown allotments in 1859, and apparently John Gower owned and occupied Allotment 54. An early plan of Williamstown, included in the document "The Barossa Council Heritage Review Volume IV" (2001),^[43] shows that Allotment 54 was on the eastern side of Queen Street, next but one to the Victoria Hotel.

The township of Willamstown had been laid out in 1857, when the allotments were surveyed, and a sale of the allotments took place on 8 February 1858.^[44] The advertisement says that credit extending over three years would be given if required, and apparently almost everyone who contracted to purchase allotments took advantage of this offer. The town's founder Lewis Johnston offered all his freehold property for sale on 18 October 1858,^[45] and on 1 June 1860, George Warren of Gawler Town, Surveyor, was granted title to all the land laid out as Williamstown, excluding allotment 52 (on which the Victoria Hotel was situated). The historic title certificate can be freely downloaded from SAILIS (Land Services SA),^[46] though apparently publishing it on WikiTree would not be allowed.

So the people listed on the plaque as owning Williamstown allotments in 1859 still did not actually own them, legally, on 1 June ; no doubt they were still in the process of paying them off. The title certificate mentioned above shows that many of the people listed on the plaque, but not all of them, obtained title to their allotments in the 1860's. John Gower is one of those who did not; in fact title to Allotment 54 was transferred from George Warren to William Poole in 1881.

On 9 May 1863 James Bywaters, son of Mr William Bywaters, married Ellen, daughter of Mr John Gower, at her father's residence, Yettie, near Williamstown.^[47] Yettie Creek is shown on the map of the Hundred of Barossa; it is actually in the Barossa West district rather than the Mount Crawford district.^[36]

So apparently John Gower decided against living in Williamstown itself, but instead obtained a place nearby, somewhere along the Yettie Creek.

A newspaper article of 12 October 1868 names John Gower, Stephen Gower and George Gower as three of the six discoverers of the Barossa gold-field.^[48] Here Stephen and George were two of John's sons. (The article incorrectly names one of the other people involved in the discovery as Job Harrison; in fact his name was Job Harris.)

Mary Ann after John's death

John Gower's death on 20 February 1869 is mentioned in a newspaper article about the gold fields in The Adelaide Observer  on 6 March 1869; we are told that he died of rheumatic fever.^[49] His widow, Mary Ann, married Robert Chapman at St George's Church, Gawler, on 2 June 1873. An image of the marriage register page is available on FamilySearch; it says that Robert Chapman, who was a blacksmith, was a 50 year old widower whose father's name was John Chapman, and it says that Mary Ann Gower was a 54 year old widow whose father's name was Robert Crump. Groom and bride both signed their names, and both gave their place of residence as Barossa near Gawler.^[50]

From her baptism date we know that actually Mary Ann was at least 56 on 2 June 1873.

Robert Chapman died at Barossa Hills near Lyndoch on 15 April 1877,^[51] and Mary Ann Chapman married Charles Foote on 27 March 1882, at the Gawler residence of a Mr Chigwidden. The record of this marriage says that Charles Foote was a 54 year old widower whose father's name was John Foote, and Mary Ann Chapman was a 63 year old widow whose father's name was Robert Cramp.^[52] Observe that again Mary Ann's age was understated by a couple of years.

Charles Foote died on 22 March 1895, aged 73.^[51]

Mary Ann Foote celebrated her hundredth birthday on 24 April 1913, which is remarkable considering that she was said to be 21 in 1838 (according to Pike's Index), 54 in 1873 and 63 in 1882 (according to the records of her last two marriages). If her birthday was really 24 April, then she was probably born on 24 April 1817 rather than 24 April 1813. This would mean that she was baptized when only two days old, but such early baptisms were quite commonplace in those days. An alternative possibility is that she was born on 24 April 1816, but that would mean that she was unusually old at her baptism.

A reporter from The Chronicle  visited Mrs Foote on 17 April 1913. The article he wrote^[53] is the source of some of the information mentioned above, in particular that Mary Ann with her husband and daughter arrived in South Australia in the Winchester, and that soon thereafter they went to live at Captain Walker's sheep station seven miles from Adelaide. Here are some excerpts from the article

[Mrs Foote] has survived three husbands, the last of whom died sixteen years ago, and her descendants are already in the fifth generation. She had eleven children, six of whom survive. Of her 37 grandchildren, the eldest, Mrs. Barnden. is herself a grandmother. The old lady could boast, if she would, of 72 great-grandchildren, and six great-great-grandchildren.

She was born at Ashford, in Kent, on April 24, 1813, and she became a bride for the first time some twenty years later, when, one Christmas Day, she married Mr. Gower. With her husband and a child fifteen months old she set sail for Australia in the Winchester, which, it is recorded, reached Adelaide on September 23, 1838.

Mrs. Foote is not very clear about the dates of these earlier happenings. … But that does not mean that she is not mentally active. She has retained every faculty with a completeness that is nothing short of extraordinary.

It was with difficulty that I convinced myself that the firm hand which grasped mine was that of the great-grandmother of the gentleman who Introduced us.

Mrs. Foote said when the Winchester arrived at the anchorage all she could see was "a bit of a weather-boarded place, a public-house, on a sandhill". They took shelter there while their luggage was being got out of the ship, and then they made their way to the place where Adelaide now stands, and where a few rude huts had been erected to shelter immigrants. Mrs Foote found words inadequate to describe the primitive nature of these shelters and the hardships she had to undergo. "As far as I can remember," she said, "we walked up from the anchorage."

"Where did you go when you left the shelter huts?" I said.

"We went seven miles out of town to Captain Walker's sheep station. The house was three miles away from any other dwelling, and the blacks were very troublesome."

"What were your first impressions of South Australia?"

"Oh, I thought I'd jumped out of the frying pan into the fire. I thought that if only I could get back to England I'd never leave it again. There was very little water to be had, and we had to remove a greenish scum from the surface of the waterholes before we could get it. We dared not drink it before it was boiled."

The statement that she was born in Ashford supports the assertions we have made, as does the statement that she was married on a Christmas day about twenty years later. If she was born on 24 April 1813 then she would have been twenty-two years and eight months old at her marriage; our suggestion is that in fact she was eighteen years and eight months old.

The following item was published in the Gawler paper The Bunyip  on 30 April 1915.^[54]

Mrs Charles Foote, who celebrated her 102nd birthday on Saturday last, April 24, arrived in South Australia with her husband and one daughter in the ship Winchester. Mr J. Gower and his two sons, George and Samuel, discovered the old Barossa gold diggings, and the Government gave them a bonus each of £125. Mr John Gower died about 44 years ago at Williamstown, Mrs Gower continued to live at Williamstown. She then married Mr R. Chapman, of the same town. After a few years Mr. Chapman died. Mrs Chapman then left the district and settled in Gawler. About three years after she married Mr Charles Foote, of Onetree Hill. He died later, and since that time Mrs. Foote has been Iiving with her daughters. The surviving family are:— Mrs G. Clarke, Pinkerton Plains; Mrs T. Goldsworthy, Prospect; Mrs G. Lambert, Walkerville; Mr S. Gower, Queensland; Mr G. Gower, Sherlock; and Mr W. Gower, Moorlands.

The following was published in The Bunyip  on 26 April 1918.^[55]

Mrs M. A. Foote, who resides with her daughter, Mrs. E. Lambert, at Walkerville, celebrated her 105th birth day on Wednesday. She was bom in Ashford, Kent, on April 24th, 1813, and came to South Australia in 1839. Her first husband's name was Gower, and at one time he worked for the late Captain Walker,  R.N., at Gilles Plains. Subsequently Mrs Foote (whose second husband died many years ago) lived at Hope Valley, Williamstown, Lyndoch and Barossa.

Mary Ann died on 20 May 1920, at the home of her daughter, Mrs Ellen Lambert, at Ann Street, Stepney.^[56] The following obituary was published in The Advertiser  the next day.^[57]

Mrs. M. A. Foote, who was the oldest citizen of the State, died on Sunday afternoon at the home of her daughter, Mrs. E. Lambert, at Ann-street, Stepney, at the age of 107 years. She was born in Kent, and came with her first husband Mr John Gower, to South Australia in the ship Winchester in 1835, two years before the State was proclaimed. Mr Gower died about 60 years ago at Williamstown, where several years later his widow married Mr R. Chapman. Five years after his death she married Mr C. Foote, of Onetree Hill, her age being 70 years. She had a clear and ready memory, and her reminiscences of the early days of the State were always brightly told and replete with incidents. She lived for a time at Gilles Plains on Captain Walker's Station, and while there had several thrilling adventures with the blacks. There were 10 children of the first marriage, six of whom are now living:—Messrs George Gower (Tailem Bend), W. Gower (Sherlock), and Steven Gower (Sydney), and Mesdames E. Lambert (Stepney), T. G. Goldsworthy (Prospect), and D. Clark (Pinkerton Plains). Among many other descendants there are 15 great-great-grand children.

The claim in the obituary that the Winchester came to South Australia two years before proclamation is totally bizarre. The explanation must be that the author was told that Mary Ann was aged 21 or 22 when she arrived; but if he was told this he should have dismissed it and attempted to find out when the Winchester really arrived. He must have had a deadline to meet.

Descendants

The 1913 article and the obituary contradict each other in the matter of the number of children John and Mary Ann had: the 1913 article says eleven and the obituary says ten. It seems that only ten are known, but if Mary Ann told the 1913 interviewer that she had eleven then you would think that eleven would be correct. Perhaps there was a child who was born in 1856 or thereabouts and died almost immediately after being born. Certainly there were a good number of births and deaths in South Australia in the 1850's for which no record survives.

As we have seen, three of the ten known children died in childhood as the result of accidents: Mary Ann Elizabeth, born in April or May 1837, died on 25 May 1848; John, born in 1841, and Edward, born in 1842, both died on 13 November 1847. The other seven all attained adulthood, and all but one married.

• Sarah Ann Gower was born on 5 December 1839, married David Clark on 19 February 1857, and died on 11 September 1935.^[58]
• Louisa Gower was born in about 1843, married Tobias Gray Goldsworthy on 27 December 1858,^[59] and died on 9 April 1923.^[60]
• Stephen Gower married Mary Ann Stanley on 19 April 1867 and Lucy Vinall on 31 October 1876, and died in Chinchilla, Queensland, on 17 December 1932. The death registration document says that he was aged 86 years, 11 months and 24 days; calculating back this puts his birth date as 23 December 1845.
• Ellen Gower was born in about 1847, married James Bywaters on 9 May 1863 and Ewen Lambert on 19 March 1881, and died on 28 June 1936.^[61]
• George Gower married Sarah Jane Bywater, née Lyddon, on 7 October 1874 and died on 4 July 1945.^[62] A newspaper article reported his 87th birthday as 7 March 1936,^[63] which puts his date of birth as 7 March 1849.
• John Edward Gower was born in 1851, married Georgina Millington on 24 December 1874,^[64] and died on 18 January 1884 (aged 32).
• William Henry Gower was born on 25 September 1854 and died on 10 January 1942.^[65]

Sources

1. ↑ Mary Ann Cramp, 1817: "England Births and Christenings, 1538-1975" database (FamilySearch, 20 March 2020).
2. ↑ Kingsnorth: Wikipedia article.
3. ↑ Ashford, Kent: Wikipedia article.
4. ↑ Mid-Kent Marriages Index 1754–1811, produced by local historians and genealogists David Hills and Gary Samson. Visited 16 March 2021.
5. ↑ Fanny Cramp, 1813: "England Births and Christenings, 1538-1975" database (FamilySearch, 20 March 2020).
6. ↑ Robert Cramp, 1815: "England Births and Christenings, 1538-1975" database (FamilySearch, 20 March 2020).
7. ↑ Elizabeth Cramp, 1820: "England Births and Christenings, 1538-1975" database (FamilySearch, 20 March 2020).
8. ↑ Catherine Cramp, 1822: "England Births and Christenings, 1538-1975" database (FamilySearch, 20 March 2020).
9. ↑ Clark Cramp, 1826: "England Births and Christenings, 1538-1975" database (FamilySearch, 19 March 2020).
10. ↑ Maidstone: Wikipedia article.
11. ↑ Mary Ann Crampt and John Gower, 1835: "England Marriages, 1538–1973" database (FamilySearch, 11 March 2020).
12. ↑ Mary Ann Elizabeth Gower, 1837: "England Births and Christenings, 1538-1975" database (FamilySearch, 18 September 2020).
13. ↑ Catalogue entry for Pike's Index at the State Library of South Australia.
14. ↑ John Gower's application for free passage to South Australia, currently accessible only in Family History Centres.
15. ↑ Sarah Gowers, 1830: "England Births and Christenings, 1538-1975" database (FamilySearch, 19 September 2020).
16. ↑ Death of John Gower: The South Australian Register  (Adelaide SA 1839–1900), 11 March 1869, page 2. (National Library of Australia, Digitised Australian Newspapers, retrieved 26 February 2021.)
17. ↑ Betsy Gower, 1828: "England Births and Christenings, 1538-1975" database (FamilySearch, 19 September 2020).
18. ↑ On Sunday last: The Southern Australian  (Adelaide SA 1838–1844), 29  September 1838, page 3. (National Library of Australia, Digitised Australian Newspapers, retrieved 5 March 2021.)
19. ↑ Santiago, Cape Verde: Wikipedia article.
20. ↑ Birth and baptism of Sarah Ann Gower: FamilySearch Film # 007720188, image 29 of 571.
21. ↑ The Reedbeds, South Australia: Wikipedia article.
22. ↑ 1841 census of South Australia, page 73, part of District A: John Gower, Mrs Gower, Mary Ann and Sarah Ann Gower. (State Records of South Australia, GRG24/13: digitized version provided by FamilySearch.)
23. ↑ Map shewing the special surveys in South Australia, to the eastward of the Gulf of St. Vincent, from Lat. 33° to 35° 40'S : from documents in the Survey Office, Adelaide, published by John Arrowsmith, 10 Soho Square, London, March 1st 1841. (nla.gov.au/nla.obj-231888370.)
24. ↑ Gilles Plains, South Australia: Wikipedia article.
25. ↑ The District of Adelaide, South Australia; As divided into Country Sections, published by John Arrowsmith, 35 Essex St, Strand, February 18th 1840.
26. ↑ Portrait of Captain John Walker R.N., oil on metal, c.1846, by Martha Berkeley. On display in the Art Gallery of South Australia.
27. ↑ To Be Let: The Southern Australian  (Adelaide SA 1838–1844), 14 October 1842, page 3. (National Library of Australia, Digitised Australian Newspapers, retrieved 5 March 2021.)
28. ↑ Correspondence: The South Australian  (Adelaide SA 1844–1851), 6 June 1845, page 2. (National Library of Australia, Digitised Australian Newspapers, retrieved 5 March 2021.)
29. ↑ Inquest: The South Australian  (Adelaide SA 1844–1851), 19 November 1847, page 3, column 3. (National Library of Australia, Digitised Australian Newspapers, retrieved 5 March 2021.)
30. ↑ Local Intelligence: The Adelaide Observer  (SA 1843–1904), 27 May 1848, page 2. (National Library of Australia, Digitised Australian Newspapers, retrieved 5 March 2021.)
31. ↑ South Australian births, index of registrations 1842 to 1906, edited by Jan Thomas, South Australian Genealogy & Heraldry Society (Adelaide SA), 1997.
32. ↑ Mount Crawford, Monday, August 9: The South Australian Register  (Adelaide SA 1839–1900), 21 August 1858, page 4. (National Library of Australia, Digitised Australian Newspapers, retrieved 5 March 2021.)
33. ↑ Mount Crawford, Tuesday Deptember 27: The South Australian Advertiser  (Adelaide SA 1858–1889), 8 October 1858, page 3. (National Library of Australia, Digitised Australian Newspapers, retrieved 5 March 2021.)
34. ↑ Mount Crawford, April 25: The Adelaide Observer  (SA 1843–1904), 7 May 1859, page 8, column 3. (National Library of Australia, Digitised Australian Newspapers, retrieved 5 March 2021.)
35. ↑ Mount Crawford, Monday, August 15: The South Australian Weekly Chronicle  (Adelaide SA 1858–1867), 3 September 1859, page 7. (National Library of Australia, Digitised Australian Newspapers, retrieved 5 March 2021.)
36. ↑ ^{36.0 36.1} Map of the Hundred of Barossa: Surveyor General's Office, A. Vaughan Photolithographer. (Adelaide 1901.)
37. ↑ Map of the Hundred of Para Wirra: Surveyor General's Office, Adelaide, Frazer S. Crawford Photolithographer, June 1873.
38. ↑ Definitions of Districts: The South Australian Government Gazette, 15 February 1855, pages 121 to 125 (provided by AustLII, the Australasian Legal Information Institute).
39. ↑ Williamstown, South Australia: Wikipedia article.
40. ↑ Monument Australia: a historical and educational research website that records public monuments and memorials in Australia.
41. ↑ 150 years of Williamstown, provided by "Monument Australia".
42. ↑ Williamstown plaque: photograph (copyright Monument Australia).
43. ↑ Early subdivision map of Williamstown, Section 984 and part Section 35, Hundred of Barossa (DP 37 of 1858), accessed 7 September 2020. Document prepared for The Barossa Council and Department for Environment, Heritage and Aboriginal Affairs by McDougall & Vines, Conservation & Heritage Consultants.
44. ↑ Williamston Sale: The Adelaide Observer  (SA 1843–1904), 23 January 1858, page 1, column 2. (National Library of Australia, Digitised Australian Newspapers, retrieved 16 October 2020.)
45. ↑ Important sale of Landed Property: The South Australian Weekly Chronicle  (Adelaide SA 1858–1867), 9 October 1858, page 8. (National Library of Australia, Digitised Australian Newspapers, retrieved 2 September 2020.)
46. ↑ Title Image Search at SAILIS (Land Services SA): search for Register CT, Volume 13, Folio 1.
47. ↑ Bywaters—Gower: The South Australian Register  (Adelaide SA 1839–1900), 12 May 1863, page 2. (National Library of Australia, Digitised Australian Newspapers, retrieved 5 March 2021.)
48. ↑ The gold-fields: The South Australian Advertiser  (Adelaide SA 1858–1889), 12 October 1868, page 2. (National Library of Australia, Digitised Australian Newspapers, retrieved 5 March 2021.)
49. ↑ The gold-fields: The Adelaide Observer  (SA 1843–1904), 6 March 1869, page 7. (National Library of Australia, Digitised Australian Newspapers, retrieved 5 March 2021.)
50. ↑ Robert Chapman and Mary Ann Gower: image of marriage register page. FamilySearch film # 008139431, image 61 of 484.
51. ↑ ^{51.0 51.1} South Australian deaths, index of registrations 1842 to 1915, A.L. Cobiac (editor and project co-ordinator), South Australian Genealogy and Heraldry Society (Adelaide South Australia, 2000).
52. ↑ South Australian marriages index of registrations 1842 to 1916, editor and project co-ordinator A.L. Cobiac, South Australian Genealogy and Heraldry Society (Adelaide, South Australia) 2001.
53. ↑ A hundred years: The Chronicle  (Adelaide SA 1895–1954), 26 April 1913, page 41. (National Library of Australia, Digitised Australian Newspapers, retrieved 6 March 2021.)
54. ↑ Social and Personal Items: The Bunyip  (Gawler SA 1863–1954), 30 April 1915, page 5. (National Library of Australia, Digitised Australian Newspapers, retrieved 6 March 2021.)
55. ↑ Social and personal: The Bunyip (Gawler SA 1863–1954), 26 April 1918, page 4. (National Library of Australia, Digitised Australian Newspapers, retrieved 6 March 2021.)
56. ↑ Stepney, South Australia: Wikipedia article.
57. ↑ Personal: The Advertiser  (Adelaide SA 1889–1931), 31 May 1920, page 7. (National Library of Australia, Digitised Australian Newspapers, retrieved 6 March 2021.)
58. ↑ Death of Sarah Ann Clark: The Advertiser  (Adelaide SA 1931–1954), 12 September 1935, page 16. (National Library of Australia, Digitised Australian Newspapers, retrieved 7 March 2021.)
59. ↑ Tobias Grey Goldsworthy and Louisa Gower, 27 December 1858: FamilySearch film # 008139431, image 33 of 484.
60. ↑ Death of Louisa Goldsworthy: The Register  (Adelaide SA 1901–1929), 11 April 1923, page 8. (National Library of Australia, Digitised Australian Newspapers, retrieved 7 March 2021.)
61. ↑ Death of Ellen Lambert: The Advertiser (Adelaide SA 1931–1954), 29 June 1936, page 8. (National Library of Australia, Digitised Australian Newspapers, retrieved 7 March 2021.)
62. ↑ Death of George Gower: The Chronicle  (Adelaide SA 1895–1954), 12 July 1945, p. 17. (National Library of Australia, Digitised Australian Newspapers, retrieved 7 March 2021.)
63. ↑ Two old wonders: The Advertiser  (Adelaide SA 1931–1954), 25 February 1936, page 19. (National Library of Australia, Digitised Australian Newspapers, retrieved 7 March 2021.)
64. ↑ John Edwd Gower and Georgina Millington, Lyndoch 1874: FamilySearch film # 008149513, image 226 of 491.
65. ↑ Death of William Gower: The Advertiser  (Adelaide SA 1931–1954), 15 January 1942, page 10. (National Library of Australia, Digitised Australian Newspapers, retrieved 7 March 2021.)

From original GEDCOM import:

Birth:

User ID: 77E9A080-A1FC-4435-9DAA-85A29C819DE7

Record ID Number: MH:IF3798

Date: 24 APR 1813

Place: Ashford, Kent, England

Death:

User ID: 660C963A-A5EE-4636-B9B6-54C906DBD0B3

Record ID Number: MH:IF3903

Date: 30 MAY 1920

Place: Stepney, Adelaide, SA, Australia

Record ID Number: MH:I151

User ID: E1C9AA6B-74F3-48B9-9D4B-F1B05A89C76B

UPD 11 NOV 2012 20:23:17 GMT+9.5

Family History SA's Shipping and Passenger Lists South Australia. first accessed online on the 8th of February, 2020 at: https://www.familyhistorysa.org/shipping/passengerlists.html

Father: Robert Cramp

Mother; Fanny?

Marriage 1 John Gower b: 1809 in Maidstone, Kent, England, United Kingdom

•Married: Bef 1836 in

Family 1

John Gower, b. 1809, d. 20 Feb 1869, Yatta Creek, South Australia, Australia

Married 25 Dec 1833 Maidstone, Kent, England

Children

1. Mary Ann Gower, b. 1837, Kent, England , d. 25 May 1848, South Australia, Australia

2. Sarah Ann Gower, b. 1839, South Australia, Australia , d. 1935

3. Louisa Gower, b. 1841, South Australia, Australia , d. 1923, South Australia, Australia

4. Stephen Gower, b. 1845, South Australia, Australia , d. 1932

5. Ellen Gower, b. 1847, South Australia, Australia , d. Yes, date unknown

6. George W Gower, b. 1849, South Australia, Australia , d. Yes, date unknown

7. William Henry Gower, b. 25 Sep 1854, South Australia, Australia , d. Yes, date unknown

2nd Marriage

 ?CHAPMAN Robert par: John b: c1823 CON ENG d: 16.4.1877 bd: Williamstown SA arr: by 1856 occ: Blacksmith res: Gawler, Lyndoch Valley

m: (2/2) 2.6.1873 Gawler SA Mrs Mary Ann GOWER nee CRAMP par: Robert b: 24.4.1813 Ashford KEN

ENG d:

Remarried Charles FOOTE

Death

1920 438/67 FOOTE Mary Ann Charles FOOTE [DH] Norwood

Record ID Number: MH:N86

PRIN MH:I151

Acknowledgments

Thank you to Ray Howell for creating WikiTree profile INDI @I146@ through the import of Eatts Family2.GED on Nov 24, 2013. Click to the Changes page for the details of edits by Ray and others.