Walker-15949 Research

Date: [unknown] [unknown]
Location: Virginia

Research work area and sandbox to delve into the Walker, Hardwick, Jeffries, Armsby and related lines of colonial Virginia, with a particular focus on Thomas Walker-15949 (b. ca. 1685-88 in Westmoreland, Virginia; d. Feb 1727 in Montross, Westmoreland, Virginia).

Contents 1 Purpose 2 Conventions 2.1 Names 2.2 Source Citations 2.3 Time-stamping and Tracking Changes 3 Links to Profiles 4 Informational Subjects for Discussion and Evaluation 4.1 Subject 1: Locations & Land Records 4.2 Subject 2: Ages and Birth Order 4.3 Subject 3: Walker Surname Project at FTDNA 5 Sources

Purpose

Map depicting the Chesapeake Bay colonies in 1685, not long before Thomas Walker's birth. For the approximate location of the Walker family plantation near Montross, Virginia, see this Google Map.

Some recent changes to this family need closer scrutiny and a collaborative application of the genealogical proof standard. In early July, 2021, duplicates were inadvertently made of some existing WikiTree profiles. Subsequently, Thomas Walker-14427 (b. 1711 Somerset, Maryland; d. 1768 Somerset, Maryland) was removed as the son of Thomas Walker-14425 (b. 11 Mar 1675 Somerset, Maryland; d. bef. 12 Jan 1744 Somerset, Maryland) and Sarah Mount Maddox-1001 (b. 6 May 1687 Somerset, Maryland; d. 1736 Somerset, Maryland). He was then added as the son of duplicated, and now merged, profiles. The active profiles are Thomas Walker-15949 (b. ca. 1685-89 Westmoreland, Virginia; d. Feb 1727 Montross, Westmoreland, Virginia) and Lydia Hardwick-476 (b. ca. 1687-90 Westmoreland, Virginia; d. Jan 1766 Montross, Westmoreland, Virginia).

I feel there is reason to question Walker-14427 being the son of Walker-15949 and Lydia Hardwick. At present this page would probably better be titled "omnium-gatherum" because it will be only an unordered list of information and observations. Please feel free to add items to the conversation. We need to gather as much information as possible—pro or con, original record or circumstantial correlation—and then, at some point in the near future, the interested stakeholders will need to follow the evidence analysis process and, with the hypothesis that Walker-14427 is the son of Walker-15949 and Lydia Hardwick, arrive at a conclusion constructed per the Genealogical Proof Standard (YouTube video).
Williams-49144 21:12, 11 July 2021 (UTC)

Conventions

Names

With seemingly an overwhelming number of "Thomas Walkers" in that area of the Colonies in that timeframe, keeping things straight won't be easy. So I'll use the convention that Thomas Walker Sr is Walker-15949; if we need to refer to his father ([[Walker-6108|Thomas Walker-6108), I'll call him Thomas Walker the Wheelwright. The son of Thomas Walker Sr—presuming at this time that he still unidentified—I'll call Thomas Walker Jr. Walker-14427 will still be referred to by his WikiTree ID; likewise his now-unlinked father will be referred to as Walker-14425. We should be able to muddle through with all the other names; some won't be unique and I think we'll just have to explain about whom we're speaking if we come to that.
Williams-49144 21:12, 11 July 2021 (UTC)

Source Citations

Since it will be far easier to copy-and-paste source citations to profiles from here this way, I recommend we keep all citations as bibliographic elements: bullet-point items at the end rather than constructed as inline "ref" footnotes. We can simply number the citation items in an as-added sequence and then refer to them in line by their corresponding numbers (and a brief title contraction, if desired). An aside is that we see the practice rather commonly now of creating a FreeSpace "source" page, adding citations to that as a repository, and then referencing that page in profiles rather than providing a detailed, bibliographic entry. I argue against that practice because then the source information does not come with a GEDCOM when exported. Pulling GEDCOMs is really the only way users have of backing up WikiTree genealogical data, and if WikiTree goes away what we'd then be left with are GEDCOM files missing critical source citations.
Williams-49144 21:19, 11 July 2021 (UTC)

Time-stamping and Tracking Changes

We can always check the database change records to see each change saved, but a good document management best practice is to have an immediately accessible, summary change log. The way Wikipedia accomplishes this on its Talk pages is to use convention of four tildes, ~~~~, which automatically includes the username, time and date. Then, if we want to dive deeper into what actually changed, we can check the Changes tab.

To help make this stand out a bit from the text above it, I recommend we use a convention to force a line break before the time-stamp: <br />~~~~; otherwise the stamp will insert at the end of last bit of text, even if you've pressed "Return" to add a line. The result looks like the entry shown at the end of this section. Once saved, the actual text is inserted so that the time-stamp data is preserved on future edits.

If you wish to delete or change a portion of text inside and existing paragraph rather than adding new content, please feel free to use the legal convention of striking through deleted text <s>strike a deleted bit of text</s> and including the added text in red {{Red|inserted text in red}}.
Williams-49144 03:41, 12 July 2021 (UTC)

Links to Profiles

Alphabetically by surname, consolidated shortcuts to some of the profiles that are most relevant to this discussion (this is a work in progress, and you'll likely want to right-click links and choose "Open in New Tab"):

Name	Birth Date	Birth Location
James Hardwick	Abt. 1647	Westmoreland, Virginia (there was no Westmoreland until Dec 1653)
Lydia Hardwick	Abt. 1687-90	Westmoreland, Virginia
Mary (Jefferies) Walker	Abt. 1665	England (questionable)
Sarah Mount Maddox	6 May 1687	Somerset, Maryland
Ann (Walker) Wright Asbury	Abt. 1685	Westmoreland, Virginia
James Walker	Abt. 1713	Montross, Westmoreland, Virginia
Thomas Walker Sr (15949)	Abt. 1685-89	Westmoreland, Virginia
Thomas Walker, the Wheelwright	Abt. 1653	Westmoreland, Virginia
Thomas Walker-14425	11 Mar 1675	Somerset, Maryland
Thomas Walker-14427	1711	Somerset, Maryland

Williams-49144 03:51, 12 July 2021 (UTC)

Informational Subjects for Discussion and Evaluation

Subject 1: Locations & Land Records

This animated map presents five slides with county formation information for York, Northumberland, Lancaster, Westmoreland, and Stafford counties along the Virginia Northern Neck between 1643 and 1664.

Thomas Walker the Wheelwright was evidently not the original immigrant of this Walker line because he is believed to have been born in Northumberland or Westmoreland County.¹ Westmoreland County was formed in 1653 from Northumberland and King George Counties, so at just about the time of Thomas's birth circa 1653. At that time Westmoreland ran all along the western side of the Potomac River, forming a northeast-facing axe shape that extended up to Alexandria and included what would become, in December 1664, Stafford County where the Potomac Run property was located that Thomas Walker Sr. bequeathed to Thomas Jr.^1,2,8

(Included 13 Jul 2021 as additional reference information) The area that was Maryland's Somerset County remained a non-county, not-demarcated area of Maryland until the county's formation in August 1666. In October 1669 it lost land to its northeast to Delaware, and was contracted on its eastern boundary but not to the formation of another county. In November 1685 Somerset regained the eastern block of land, but relinquished more of its northern border to Delaware. In December 1742 it was divided almost in half along a north-south border, with Somerset remaining on the western coast and Worcester County formed to the east. It remained in that configuration through September 1867.¹⁵
Williams-49144 14:11, 13 July 2021 (UTC)

Indications are that, starting the count with the father of Thomas Walker the Wheelwright, at least four generations of the family—and much of the allied families, including the Hardwicks and Asburys—called that general area of Virginia home.^{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8} In what sources we've found so far, the Westmoreland Walkers, or their kin, are never shown as being in Maryland. The only known exception would be Richard Walker, seemingly something of a family black sheep, who appeared in Westmoreland County records February 1682 then died in St. Mary's County, Maryland in 1698 (note, however, that, St. Mary's County is immediately across the Potomac from Westmoreland County, on Maryland's western shore, not across Chesapeake Bay).¹

An early map, exact date unknown, of Maryland and highlighting Somerset County and the area in and around Nanticoke.

Thomas Walker-14427, conversely, shows as being born in, living in, marrying in, being on several tax rolls, making will in, and dying in Somerset, Maryland, specifically the Nanticoke area. While near the coast of Chesapeake Bay, this would place him over 63 miles from Montross, Virginia, by the shortest practical traveling distance, with a bit more than 50 miles of that over open water. There would have been no feasible overland route. The closest point between the Virginia and Maryland landmasses is just over 6 miles at Taylors Island, at least until much farther north when we'd reach what is today the bridge on State Highway 50 to Stevensville on Kent Island, north of Annapolis.

And while watercraft traffic was a mainstay of the Chesapeake at that time, the clustering of islands to the west of Tangier Sound and the shallows around them, made for more treacherous navigation than did sailing south down the Bay. That's one reason the tobacco plantations flourished on the Virginia side somewhat moreso than the Maryland side. It was a straight and unencumbered sail to the largest port at Norfolk, from which the goods would be loaded on trans-Atlantic vessels and bound for market in England.

The region was, due in part to the huge estuary that is Chesapeake Bay, one of the first areas of European colonization. Virginia was founded by joint-stock company investors seeking profit on investments, while the middle colonies were founded by more diverse European settlers, including religious refugees and individuals seeking improved economic autonomy and opportunities. As the 13 Colonies established themselves, a few geographic, demographic, and socioeconomic factors became evident:

• Waterways in the Chesapeake were suitable for transport of cash crops produced closer to the coast, while waterways in the middle colonies (e.g., the Hudson, Susquehanna, and Delaware Rivers), which included New Netherlands, were more readily navigable and went deeper into the interior of North America.

• The middle colonies were more urban and had more port cities, while the Chesapeake was more rural and had fewer and smaller urban centers.

• Shipbuilding and lumbering were more prevalent industries in the middle colonies than they were in the Chesapeake region, which focused on cash crop agriculture.

• Cash crops from the Chesapeake (such as tobacco) were typically shipped to England, while staple crops from the middle colonies (such as wheat) were typically shipped to the Caribbean.

• There was more diversity of trade in middle colonies (e.g., furs, various agricultural products), while trade was more narrowly focused on cash crops such as tobacco in the Chesapeake.

• Development of large-scale slavery in the Chesapeake facilitated cash crop production, as opposed to the smaller scale of slavery and a greater dependency on indentured servants and immigrant labor in the middle colonies.

The bottom line is that, circa 1700, covering the 50+ miles of open water across the Chesapeake was no insignificant feat, and the only means of propulsion were oars or sails. Sailing across the bay between Virginia and Maryland, or vice versa, would seem to have been an iffy proposition. Quoting answers from the SailNet Sailing Community online forum:⁹

"By the end of October, things should be settling into a pattern of mostly northerlies. As cold fronts begin to pass through, the wind speeds can get into the 20s and 30s but can be milder if you travel between passing fronts. Absolutely none of this is guaranteed and Maryland is known for its ridiculous, unpredictable weather patterns. There are numerous jokes about it. The good news is, you'll be traveling downwind [meaning southbound toward Norfolk] so even on a brisk day with 20s you won't be working too hard. Make your sails small and surf..."

"The prevailing wind on Chesapeake Bay during the warmer months is SW usually 5 to 10 MPH. The only times when it is NW or NE is during and post storm times. When winter arrives, it's NW and stronger, often 15 to 25 and gusting."

"The last part of October through the early part of November on the Chesapeake is the 'usual' time of the equinoctial gales that change the predominant weather patterns from summer to winter weather patterns. These usual 'change of season gales' typically are spaced ~5-7 days apart and blow from the NW at 25-30+ kts. as they pass through, then slowly decrease in wind strength for a few days thereafter .... but still from the NW but at lesser and lesser speeds (a good time to be moving south), until the winds 'back' to the S-SW (a good time to be returning north)."

Modern map with accurate shorelines and relative distances showing approximate locations of Nanticoke, Somerset, Maryland; Montross, Westmoreland, Virginia; and Potomac Run, Stafford County, Virginia.

Shipbuilding was not a forte in colonial Virginia, and we have no indication that the Walker family of Westmoreland or their related lines were seafarers. And we have no documentary information at all linking them to Maryland's eastern shore. So a significant question to be asked is, "Why would Thomas Walker Sr. and his wife Lydia Hardwick be in Somerset County Maryland for the birth of their first child?" A corollary is that the 50+ mile crosswind sail—close-hauled or beam reach—to return to Virginia would have been perilous for a newborn so, logically, the Walkers would likely have had to stay in Somerset for a few months.

In the light of the geography and brief history, note then the biography as shown currently for Walker-14427:

• "Thomas Walker was born about 1711 in Somerset County, Maryland. He was the son of Thomas Walker and Sarah Maddox. Alternatively, he was the son of Abraham WALKER, born ca 1672 and his wife Mary."

• "About 1732, Thomas married Elizabeth "Betty" (last name unknown, but possibly Delaney).... Stepney Parish Records has wife as Elizabeth." [Stepney Parish is in Somerset County, Maryland.]

• "Thomas Walker appears in the Tax List for 1753 in Nanticoke Hundred, Household Number 252 as head of household."

• "Thomas Walker appears again in the Tax List for 1754."

• "Thomas Walker appears again in the Tax List for 1757 in Nanticoke Hundred, Household Number 247 as head of household."

• "Thomas Walker appears in the Tax List for 1759 in Nanticoke Hundred, Household 222, as 'Wocker, Thos, Senr.'"

• "He died before 3 September 1768 in Somerset, Maryland. Stepney Parish Records only has 1768 as the death."

In opposition to that information, we know from Thomas Walker Sr.'s will, dated 11 December 1726, that he bequeathed his son Thomas Jr. 362 acres in the Potomac Run tract in Stafford County, Virginia, an area located at approximately 38°27'18.0"N 77°34'51.6"W, placing it over 75 miles northwest of the family plantation in Montross and in almost the opposite direction of Somerset County, Maryland. See the included map for the approximate locations of Nanticoke, Somerset, Maryland; Montross, Westmoreland, Virginia; and Potomac Run, Stafford County, Virginia.

So far, in terms of geography, I see no documentary or even circumstantial evidence linking the Westmoreland Walkers to the Somerset Walkers.
Williams-49144 15:20, 12 July 2021 (UTC)

Subject 2: Ages and Birth Order

The supposition by Benjamin Holtzclaw is that Thomas Walker Sr. married Lydia Hardwick about 1710-1712.¹ Thomas Walker-14427 is shown as being born circa 1711; he married in 1732 so his date of birth is unlikely to have been much later than that. This would make him the eldest child of Thomas Walker Sr. of Westmoreland. However, that seems not to be the case. James Walker-17042 seems to have been firstborn, circa 1713, and probably named for Lydia's father, James Hardwick.

• "James Walker was the eldest son of the son Thomas Walker [James being the son of Thomas Walker Sr., who was the son of Thomas Walker the Wheelwright] ¹

• "The eldest son, James Walker was a witness in 1734 and sued his uncle, George Walker, for a division of their lands early in 1736 (O.B. 1731-39, p. 139a and 163a), which indicates he was born 1713-15."¹ Note that James filed that suit as an executor of his father's will, an unusual role if he were not the eldest son.

• The will of Thomas Walker Sr. mentions the bequest to son James as the first item. Son Thomas is mentioned second, which order would be highly unusual if Thomas was the firstborn son.^10,11,12

• Son James is bequeathed "the track of land and planttation as I nowe live on to him and his heires for ever..." Son Thomas is given acreage located some 75 miles northwest of the plantation. Again, it would be highly unusual to leave the family plantation to the second son, while leaving land distant from the plantation to the firstborn.^10,11,12

• James Walker, along with Thomas's wife Lydia and his brother George, was named Thomas Sr.'s "whole and soul Executors of this my Last Will and Testtament." That James is named executor and not Thomas seems strong indication that James was firstborn.^10,11,12

None of these are confirmatory, but we have no evidence, documentary or circumstantial, that Thomas Jr. was the firstborn of Thomas and Lydia.
Williams-49144 16:48, 12 July 2021 (UTC)

Subject 3: Walker Surname Project at FTDNA

In the Walker Surname DNA Project at Family Tree DNA, we see test-taker supplied pedigrees, and we have seeming matches. See Groups 9 and 19A on the page linked.¹⁴

Group 9 shows multiple test takers tracing their lineages to Thomas Walker Sr. and Thomas the Wheelwright (see #753, #11483, #17657, #68696, and #942500). We also see the appearance of some unusual forenames like Sanders (the result of a Walker/Sanders marriage, probably more than one; see, for example, Sanders W. Colbert, Sanders Walker, James Sanders Walker, Joseph Sanders Walker, James Sanders Walker) and Larkin (see Larkin Walker and Larkin Ryan. Kit #157518 shows the line of Reuben Walker, son of William Walker.

Group 19A seems to be the Walker line of Somerset County, Maryland. Thomas Walker-14427 is referenced by Kit #6944, as is his son Thomas, and his son Ephraim. Kit #42276 shows Ephraim Walker as his earliest known ancestor, and then continues with son Thomas. In that same Group 19A we see two references to men named "Louden"; a rather unusual name and one we find among Thomas Walker-14427's descendants: Gaston Louden Walker. There are only 13 male descendants currently on WikiTree descending from Walker-14427, so further comparison yields nothing else.

We are reliant on test-taker supplied information, so must always proceed with caution. However, Group 9 is fairly mature with 28 kits shown, one having taken the Big Y full-sequence test, and three others tested out to 111 markers. Unfortunately, Group 19A doesn't have that advantage. It has 12 members, six of them tested out to 67 markers but none farther.

We don't, however, need more than 67 STR values to determine that these two groups of men are highly unlikely to have shared a common patrilineal ancestor in the genealogical timeframe, probably not for several thousands of years. Looking only at the modal values for the groups, and using the infinite allele method of counting genetic distance, we find the modals are:

• At 25 markers: a total genetic distance of 16
• At 37 markers: a total genetic distance of 20
• At 67 markers: a total genetic distance of 28

As reference, for STR matching FTDNA will consider and display as a match up to a GD of 2 at 25 markers; up to a GD of 4 at 37 markers; and up to a GD of 7 at 67 markers.

If these two groups represent the Virginia and Maryland Walkers under discussion, they are genetically unrelated on the patrilineal line.

It's impossible, due to the width of the chart, to export the data as a JPEG or PDF. If you don't use an application that can open Microsoft Excel files, I've uploaded a PDF version of a spreadsheet I compiled that shows only Groups 9 and 19A from the Walker DNA Project. If you can open an Excel file, I have that available here on one of my webservers. The genetic differences between the modal values are shown in white text on a red background.
Williams-49144 19:46, 12 July 2021 (UTC)

Update 3 March 2023

Since the previous explanation of data from the Walker Surname Project at FTDNA was entered, a member of Group 19A has taken a Big Y test, and the resulting SNP information might shed more light on the Walkers of Westmoreland, Virginia, and those of Somerset, Maryland.

In Group 9, that of the Westmoreland Walkers, the one Big Y test shows a terminal SNP of R-FT126716. The newer result in Group 19A is R-CTS11232. We knew from the Y-STR data that these two branches could not be related in the genealogical timeframe. With the large caveat that earliest known ancestors in FTDNA projects are user-supplied with no requirement for documentation or substantiation, if we assume the general lineages to be correct we can trace the yDNA haplotree to see where these two different branches coalesce.

The most recent haplotree branch (or subclade) they share is R-L151. We can use the Family Tree DNA Discover tool to place an approximate date for that coalescence point: "R-L151's paternal line was formed when it branched off from the ancestor R-P310 and the rest of mankind around 3300 BCE." At a 95% confidence interval (CI) FTDNA offers a range from 3694 to 2360 BCE. With a tighter 68% CI, the range is 3343 to 2667 BCE.

There is no one-to-one comparison between Y-STR calculated genetic distance and haplogroup branch bifurcation, but the estimate of 3300 BCE is not in disagreement with the wide gap in the modal STR values between Group 9 and Group 19A. Bottom line is that both valuations indicate that the Walker families of Westmoreland and Somerset are two genetically distinct Walker lines. The 3300 BCE date corresponds to the beginning of the Bronze Age in the Near East and the building of Newgrange in Ireland, which pre-dates Stonehenge or the building of the great pyramids in Egypt.
Williams-49144 21:05, 3 March 2023 (UTC)

Sources

• ¹ Benjamin C. Holtzclaw, "Appendix on Walker and Jeffries," The Virginia Genealogical Society Quarterly, Volume VI, Number 1 (January 1968): 16-20. Original data, the Virginia Genealogical Society, Virginia Genealogical Society Quarterly, and Magazine of Virginia Genealogy. View PDF version of the five-page Appendix. Ancestry.com also makes the first 35 volumes (1963-1997) of The Virginia Genealogical Society Quarterly available online as Collection 6131.

• ² Atlas of Historical County Boundaries, Virginia. The Dr. William M. Scholl Center for American History and Culture, The Newberry Library. Interactive map for U.S. states and their formations.

• ³ Marriage of Thomas Walker and Mary Jefferies, Marriages of the Northern Neck of Virginia, U.S., 1649-1800, page 364 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2012. Ancestry Record 5063 #6828; click here for a free to view image of the page from Ancestry. Original data: Headley, Robert K. Married Well and Often: Marriages of the Northern Neck of Virginia, 1649–1800. Baltimore, MD, USA: Genealogical Publishing Co., 2003.

"Walker, Thomas & Jefferies, Mary; bef. 31 Aug 1698; bride was a dau. Robt. & Alice Jefferies; (WC OB 1698-1705:15, 21a)"

• ⁴ Marriage of Thomas Walker and Lydia Hardwick, Marriages of the Northern Neck of Virginia, U.S., 1649-1800, page 364 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2012. Ancestry Record 5063 #6829; click here for a free to view image of the page from Ancestry. Original data: Headley, Robert K. Married Well and Often: Marriages of the Northern Neck of Virginia, 1649–1800. Baltimore, MD, USA: Genealogical Publishing Co., 2003.

"Walker, Thomas & Hardwick, Lydia; well bef. 11 Dec 1726; bride was a dau. of Jas. Hardwick (c. 1647 - d. WC 1698); she mar. (2) Wm. Plunkett; Lydia (Harwick, Walker) Plunkett d. 7 Jan 1766; (WC DW 14:417; Hardwick 1:104; Hardwick 2:12)"

• ⁵ Marriage of Thomas Asbury and Ann (Walker) Wright, Marriages of the Northern Neck of Virginia, U.S., 1649-1800, page 18 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2012. Ancestry Record 5063 #144; click here for a free to view image of the page from Ancestry. Original data: Headley, Robert K. Married Well and Often: Marriages of the Northern Neck of Virginia, 1649–1800. Baltimore, MD, USA: Genealogical Publishing Co., 2003.

"Asbury, Thomas & Wright, Ann (wid.); bet. 26 May 1714 - 28 Mar 1716; bride was the wid. of Jn. Wright (d. WC 1714); bride's first name was also given as Hannah and Susannah; Thos. Asbury had d. by 1741 leaving an infant son, Thomas; (WC DW 5:291; DW 9:177; DW 10:315-17; OB 1705-21:278, 284; Sturman:647)"

• ⁶ The Virginia Genealogical Society Quarterly, Volume V, Number 3, July 1967, Pages 56-65. B.C. Holtzclaw, "Asbury of Westmoreland County, Virginia." Volume V, Number 4, October 1967, Pages 77-87. B.C. Holtzclaw, "Asbury of Westmoreland County, Virginia: Continued." Volume VI, Number 1, January 1968, Pages 10-16. B.C. Holtzclaw, "Asbury of Westmoreland County, Virginia: Conclusion." Original data, The Virginia Genealogical Society, Virginia Genealogical Society Quarterly, and Magazine of Virginia Genealogy. View the PDF version of the three-part article combined, scanned from original hard-copies.

• ⁷ Zella Armstrong, Tennessee Historical Commission, Notable Southern Families, Volume II (Chattanooga, Tennessee: Lookout Publishing Company, 1922), 127-150. Public domain. Full text and downloadable PDF at Google Books. The book is also available as Collection 48262 at Ancestry.com. Pertinent to Lydia Hardwick and her father James, free to view images from Ancestry of page 133, page 134, and page 135.

• ⁸ The will of James Hardwick, dated 7 February 1697-8, proved 30 Mar 1698. Ancestry.com. Westmoreland County, Virginia Wills, 1654-1800 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2000. Ancestry Record 4900 #737. Original data: Lineages, Inc., comp. Westmoreland County, Virginia Wills, 1654-1800. Records transcribed from LDS Family History Library microfilm copies.

• ⁹ SailNet Sailing Community online forum, various authors. "Prevailing Winds in The Chesapeake," posted 27 September 2017. https://www.sailnet.com/threads/prevailing-winds-in-the-chesapeake.298721/ : accessed 11 July 2021.

• ¹⁰ Transcription of the will of Thomas Walker Sr., dated 11 December 1726 and proved on 23 February 1727. Posted to the profile of Thomas Walker Sr. on 4 Dec 2020 by Teresa Davis. https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Walker-15949#Transcription_of_Will

• ¹¹ Westmoreland County, Virginia Wills, 1654-1800 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2000. Ancestry Record 4900 #3045. Original data: Lineages, Inc., comp. Westmoreland County, Virginia Wills, 1654-1800. Records transcribed from LDS Family History Library microfilm copies of wills. Name: Thomas Walker; Description: Decedent; Date: 11 Dec 1726; Prove date: 23 Feb 1726; Notes: "Walker, Thomas, 11 Dec. 1726; 23 Feb. 1726. Sons James and Thomas land; sons Samuel, William and Hardidge; dau. Hannah land on Salisbury Plane in Stafford County; exrs. bro. George Walker; son James and wife Lydia."

• ¹² Westmoreland County, Virginia Deeds & Wills. No. 8. Part 1; 1723-1738 Antient Press: pp 78. See also: Permalink at the Internet Wayback Machine to the original online transcription by Edward White; Early Colonial Settlers of Southern Maryland and Virginia's Northern Neck Counties, website maintained by Mike Marshall; https://www.colonial-settlers-md-va.us/index.php : accessed 4 Dec 2020.

• ¹³ Early Colonial Settlers of Southern Maryland and Virginia's Northern Neck Counties, website maintained by Mike Marshall; https://www.colonial-settlers-md-va.us/index.php. Permalink from same at the Internet Wayback Machine for the entry for James Walker; accessed 5 Dec 2020.

• ¹⁴ Family Tree DNA, Inc., Gene By Gene, Ltd.; Y-Chromosome DNA Testing for Short Tandem Repeat (STR) markers and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs); The Walker DNA Project at Family Tree DNA, citing test-taker supplied pedigrees and detailed DNA Results, "Group-9." As of 12 July 2021 the Project had 1,412 participants; administered by Barbara Good, Randy Walker, and Suzanne Hallstrom.

• ¹⁵ Atlas of Historical County Boundaries, Maryland. The Dr. William M. Scholl Center for American History and Culture, The Newberry Library. Interactive map for U.S. states and their formations.

• ¹⁶ "Colonial Charters, Grants and Related Documents," The Avalon Project, Lillian Goldman Law Library, Yale Law School; transcriptions of various colonial charters, grouped by state : accessed 17 July 2021.