What is my "haplogroup"

+8 votes
265 views
In DNA what is my haplogroup and where do i find it?
WikiTree profile: Allan Stuart
in Genealogy Help by Allan Stuart G2G6 Mach 2 (28.2k points)
retagged by Ellen Smith

3 Answers

+11 votes
 
Best answer

Hi, Allan. Your profile shows you've taken an AncestryDNA test. While Ancestry doesn't report on the data, there are yDNA markers included in all versions of Ancestry's autosomal tests. These are the tests that Ancestry began selling in early 2012.

You will need to have downloaded your AncestryDNA raw data file, but once you have that there is an easy way to get at least a high-level naming of your yDNA haplogroup. Go to cladefinder.yseq.net and follow the instructions there.

It's basically a one-step operation and, though the information is limited because only a small number of SNPs, or markers, on the Y chromosome are in your Ancestry test, the result will be accurate at least at a high level.

As Kathie noted, however, while it can be informative genealogically as a way to eliminate possibilities, a haplogroup obtained this way can't serve as a form of positive evidence.

For example, if you and a suspected patrilineal relative have a top-level haplogroup of "R" and "G" respectively, you known you don't share a common male ancestor for over 45,000 years. If you both show the common haplogroup designation of R-M269, to pick one hypothetically, you know you share an ancestor more recently, but it still can't be used as evidence of a genealogical relationship because the origin of M269 still dates to about 12,000 years ago and a huge segment of men with Western European ancestry are also M269.

The Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA can be fascinating to research because it's the only DNA in our bodies that that does not go through recombination, which means it has the potential to reach far back in time. For instance, my Williams line has a fairly mature yDNA subproject with over 30 men having been tested, and while we'll never be able to place a name or an exact location to him, we have a pretty good idea that the common ancestor among all of us probably lived sometime around 900 CE and most likely in the area ranging from southwestern Scotland to northern Wales.

The Big Y test at Family Tree DNA is the gold standard for yDNA, and that has the potential in some cases to date a match as recently as about three generations. That's allowed, for instance, our Williams subproject to know that we have four distinct lines that coalesce sometime around the early 18th century in North Carolina, and to readily identify the correct line a new test-taker belongs to...even if we haven't yet been able to determine the common colonial-era ancestor.

by Edison Williams G2G6 Pilot (451k points)
selected by Andreas West

Thanks for the best answer star, Andreas!

I'm also glad FTDNA finally decided to add haplogroup prediction to their autosomal tests as a standard service. Since 23andMe does it, and since FTDNA has the data anyway, I always wondered why they didn't offer it as a "gateway" marketing tool to help encourage yDNA and mtDNA testing. Maybe they believed many genealogists would think they've already taken a uniparental test once they get the report from their autosomal results and no longer needed deeper testing. Dunno.

But the easy-to-use Cladefinder from Thomas Krahn and Hunter Provyn is, I think, generally underutilized. Anyone with 23andMe, AncestryDNA, MyHeritage, FTDNA Family Finder, or even VCF (Variant Call Format) data can upload the file and run the analysis with basically a single click (and the data isn't stored; the upload is immediately deleted after running the analysis).

I should have noted that, if a WikiTreer extracts a predicted haplogroup this way, it can be added to their profile by choosing "Other Y-DNA Test" and entering the inferred haplogroup there, preferably including a short description in the notes about how it was derived.

All great information but what is "my" Haplogroup

Hi again, Allan. I described at the start of my answer what I believe is the easiest way to determine a yDNA haplogroup from your AncestryDNA test...since Ancestry does not report the information themselves (even though some yDNA markers are included in their tests) and the AncestryDNA test appears to be the only one you've taken.

First, you will need to have downloaded your AncestryDNA raw data file to your own computer. The instructions for doing so can be found at this AncestryDNA Help page.

Second, once you have that file, go to cladefinder.yseq.net and follow the instructions there to upload the file and have it analyzed.

It's basically a one-step operation and, though the information is limited because only a small number of SNPs, or markers, on the Y chromosome are in your Ancestry test, the result will be accurate at least to a high level.

That last part is important, but can be confusing because you don't have just a single yDNA haplogroup. The haplogroup structure is hierarchical in nature, based upon approximately when the defining SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) mutations first arose. Thus the haplotree is divided into tiered levels, or branches, that are technically called clades and subclades. That's what I mean when I say the Cladefinder result will be accurate...but likely only to a high level.

For example, the most common subclade in the "R" haplogroup is R-M269, itself six levels or branches deeper than R-M207, which distinguishes the basal "R" haplogroup. Everyone who is R-M269 will also be positive for R-M207 as well as all the intervening six levels between them.

My deepest known branch, as determined by the Big Y full sequencing test, is R-BY35083. It sits 13 levels deeper than R-M269. Not counting BY35083 itself, I test positive for 20 different defining markers/branches in the "R" haplotree. So I'm R-M269 every bit as much as I'm R-BY35083...it's just that BY35083 is a lot more informative genealogically than is M269.

Your Cladefinder results--assuming you're in haplogroup "R"--might go a bit deeper than M269, but it won't reveal your deepest-known level (sometimes, though erroneously, called a "terminal SNP") the way that a Big Y test could.

+8 votes
According to the International Society of Genetic Genealogy, a haplogroup is a genetic population group of people who share a common ancestor on either their paternal or maternal line. Some haplogroups are associated with specific ancestral groups.

Haplogroups follow male and female descendancy lines, with Y-DNA passing from father to son, and mtDNA passing from mothers to both daughters and sons. All haplogroups started as the original haplogroup in Africa, and each time the DNA has mutated, a group has split off and they have become their own haplogroup.

Some of the DNA testing companies will extrapolate a haplogroup from an autosomal DNA test, but you need to do a Y-DNA and/or an MtDNA test to actually determine your group(s).  This information isn't terribly helpful genealogically since it goes back thousands of years and it descends in a straight male or female line, but it can rule in or out ancestry from a particular group or population.
by Kathie Forbes G2G6 Pilot (892k points)
edited by Kathie Forbes
+7 votes
If you are lucky, you may be able to determine your haplogroup without testing. Go to the Y DNA results page at the Stewart/Stuart project at FamilyTreeDNA. (https://www.familytreedna.com/public/Stewart?iframe=ycolorized)

Look to see if you recognize anyone from your family in the table based on their most distant known ancestor.

You might also consider taking a Y37 test which will place you with other Stuart men from your family.

FYI... I am a volunteer administrator of the Carter surname project.
by Russ Carter G2G5 (5.2k points)

Related questions

+20 votes
5 answers
+9 votes
4 answers
+13 votes
1 answer
+6 votes
4 answers
+11 votes
2 answers
+5 votes
1 answer
+5 votes
4 answers
+6 votes
2 answers
287 views asked Aug 5, 2022 in Genealogy Help by Dsw Sayne G2G1 (1.1k points)
+8 votes
8 answers

WikiTree  ~  About  ~  Help Help  ~  Search Person Search  ~  Surname:

disclaimer - terms - copyright

...