How many matches on your full-sequence mtDNA test?

+9 votes
1.7k views

I was surprised by the difference between the number of matches for my full-sequence mitichondrial DNA test (six = 3@GD1 & 3@GD2) and my wife's (108 = 1@GD0, 8@GD1, 46@GD2 & 53@GD3).  Both of our mitochondrial lines can be traced to the British Isles, and have been in the United States since colonial times.  My wife's mtDNA is identified by a typical alphanumeric string after the letter U, while mine is identified by the letter H (either alone or followed by the location of a back mutation).  I'm guessing that indicates my wife's mtDNA is sufficiently common to have been assigned a designation, while mine is not found commonly enough to warrant such a designation; and I'm curious about the range of matches others have found.

in Genealogy Help by AL Wellman G2G6 Mach 2 (20.9k points)
edited by AL Wellman
HVR1, HVR2, coding regions: 3 matches.  1 at 1 GD, 1 at 2 GD and 1 at 3 GD

HVR1, HVR2: 56 matches.

HVR1: 721 matches

18 Answers

+6 votes
I did a full sequence mtdna test at Family Tree DNA, and received 8 matches. 2 with "0" genetic distance and 6 with "1" (I'm not sure exactly what that means specifically).  The origins of A2n are thought to be Canada/USA (indigenous).  Many of the matches seem to be from USA or Mexico.
by Tannis Mani G2G6 Mach 2 (20.8k points)
it is the number of mutations that differ between you and the match.  GD=1 is statistically still tens of generations and was gen 7 or 8 for the one match that I was able to compare trees back that far with.
+7 votes

I have four, but one of those is my sister so she doesn't count. cheeky

My haplogroup is U5b1d1c.

by Deb Durham G2G Astronaut (1.1m points)
+5 votes
6 full sequence on FT, one GD1, 3 GD2, five GD3.  

19 just HVR1 & HVR2.  28 just HVR1

U4C2a is rare though...  Mine is certain back to Barbe Viot - Paris 1620's - but the matches are mostly UK and Ireland.
by Jeff Andle G2G6 Mach 1 (12.6k points)
also the UK/Irish matches do not have history as far back, so they will certainly be a result of Norman invasions from France :)
+5 votes
My full-sequence mtDNA test at FTDNA garnered 125 matches, 19 of which are at a distance of 0. My haplogroup (T2b5a) must be much more common than yours. Mine probably traces back to Britain as well, though my genealogical research has only taken me back as far as 1776 in the maternal line.
by Leslie Torkelson G2G6 (9.6k points)
+5 votes

I did a mtFull Sequence test with FTDNA - mtDNA Haplogroup T2b24

For full result matches - HVR1, HVR2 and Coding Regions - I currently have 38 matches.

* 9 matches are a Genetic Distance of 2
* 29 matches are a Genetic Distance of 3

edit -

I saw that some also listed the HVR1 only and HVR1 and HVR2 only results also, Found the huge drop between HVR1 only and HVR1 and HVR2 only quite interesting and then only 11 less for the full result.

* HVR1 and HVR2 match only = 49
* HVR1 match only = 2,450 (98 pages X 25 per page)

by Mike Guzzetta G2G6 Mach 4 (46.8k points)
edited by Mike Guzzetta
+6 votes
The problem is - how do you define an mtDNA match?

If your mtDNA test was anything less than a Full Sequence test (or equivalent), then you only have a haplogroup for comparison.  If your haplogroup matches someone else, you can say you have a haplogroup match, but the mtDNA haplogroups are VERY old, thousands to tens of thousands of years old.  It's really hard to call a haplogroup match a true match if it cannot provide match information in genealogical times.  An ethnicity determination is almost always more current than an mtDNA haplogroup.

To truly compare mtDNA results, you need to know both the most detailed haplogroup possible *and* your extra mutations.  That is what the GD (Genealogical Distance) is based on.  GD essentially represents the difference between 2 mtDNA tests.  A GD of 0 means they are genealogically equivalent, and can be called a true match.  A GD of 1 means there is one difference, and it is questionable whether you can claim that as a match or not.  mtDNA mutations are extremely infrequent, averaging about a thousand years between them, within the general range of one generation apart to as much as 2000 years apart.

I think most would agree that matches are generally defined between people traced in genealogical times, and that's usually considered to be between the last 300 to 500 years.  So to call a GD of 1 a match, I believe you should have evidence that pinpoints the common ancestor who first had that differentiating mutation.  That probably eliminates most GD of 1 'matches'.  It's unfortunate but most GD of 1's are likely to be related by someone who lived at least 1000 years ago, and possibly as much as 2000 years ago.

Your extra mutations really matter, because each one that's different can represent a thousand years of difference, from others with the same haplogroup.

This helps explain the difference in the numbers of 'matches'.  It's not just the difference in population sizes, or the difference in quantities of testers within each haplogroup, important as those are.  It also matters how far back the last mutation was.  A mutation that happened 1500 years ago will have many many more descendants than a recent one.
by Rob Jacobson G2G6 Pilot (139k points)
I should add that statistically, if you have a high number of GD=0 matches, then your common ancestor is probably very far back, and impossible to discover.

If you have very few GD=0 matches, then your chances are much better, as it's more likely the common ancestor is much more recent, and can be discovered.  Or your maternal ancestor is from an ethnicity with few testers!
I think that's what we're tracking, the number of 0 distance matches.

Very interesting summary Rob.  I believe it describes my situation spot on.

My Full mtDNA (H1a) has :

one GD match at 1

one GD match at 2

over 10 PAGES matching at GD 3

The match at GD 1 is a male 2nd cousin which means the difference occurred either between our mothers or grandmothers (full sisters of Norwegian origin). 

Analysis by Dr. Ann Turner of my  test results determined that my mtDNA had a mutation/difference T to Y of heteroplasmy.  "FTDNA only reports heteroplasmy when it reaches a level of 20%. It's conceivable that other members have the same mutation at a lower level." 

I haven't tried to further isolate where/when the mutation/difference took place. I have literally exhausted my knowledge of this topic and  I appreciate reading your well composed explanation.

My halpogroup is; H1-T16189C! . Currently, I have 44 matches with zero deviation.
+6 votes
Edit - I just logged in to check, I have 33 matches with zero genetic distance.

Maternal line is from Sweden - some hits from Sweden, the rest from Ireland and UK, Norway, southern Baltic Coast, Baltic States, Poland, and of course, hits in the US.
by SJ Baty G2G Astronaut (1.2m points)
edited by SJ Baty
+5 votes
I have 7 full sequence matches and all go back to the same region.

I have 9 matches with just HVR1 and HVR1.

I have 14 with HVR1 only

As others have said, without full sequence you might be matching a very long time in the past. You need more data to narrow things down and even then it is better for ruling people in or out but the match could be in a different generation by a collateral line.
by Doug McCallum G2G6 Pilot (549k points)
+4 votes
I have 1 match.
by Robin Lee G2G6 Pilot (881k points)
+4 votes

HVR! & HVR2 Full Matches:

10 for me. - HV7

4 for my first cousin. - U3a1c1

19 for my great uncle - T2b3d

26 for my 2nd cousin - U5b2b3a1

by Bill Vincent G2G6 Pilot (175k points)
+5 votes
It's a pattern of branching and extinction.  Most mutations die out.  Only a minority ramify.  Others hang on tenuously for a while, undecided, and then go extinct.

If you have no GD3s, it's because the branches of your maternal tree where the GD3s would be have become extinct, or close to.

It's highly random.  These things don't average out.

Similar patterns can be seen in the descent of titles entailed to heirs male.  Often they become extinct.  You go looking for cousins of the late Lord to see who the next heir is.  You might find that branch after branch has died out.  Then maybe there's a whole bunch of 5th cousins, where somebody had 6 sons.  Or maybe there's a solitary 10th cousin, the only survivor.  Or maybe there's nobody at all.
by Living Horace G2G6 Pilot (645k points)
+4 votes
I have 2 (two) GD 0” matches, at  full sequence and 15 total.  One of the 0 step matches has a common surname but the dates are off by 100 years, so coincidental.
by Alma LaFrance G2G3 (3.0k points)
+4 votes
My wife and I each have taken the Family Tree DNA full sequence test.  She is U5a1i1 haplogroup and has a total of 106 matches.  40 of the matches are at a distance of 0.  My haplogroup is K1a and I have no matches at a distance of 0.  I only have a total of 12 matches (5 at distance 1, 5 at distance of 2 & 2 at distance of 3).

Looks like our results are pretty similar.
by Bill Desjardin G2G Crew (320 points)
+4 votes
HVR1, HVR2, coding regions: 37 matches. 1 @ GD 0; 6 @ GD 1; 15 @ GD 2
& 16 @ GD 3

HVR1, HVR2: 173 matches.

HVR1: 3227 matches

Haplogroup: H4a1a1a1a1

Still trying to make the connection on my family tree, for the match with a genetic distance of 0, even though the maternal surname involved is the same for both of us. The common maternal ancestor is likely to be born, early 18th century, in Scotland.
by
+5 votes
I did Full mtDNA and am U6a1a1. At HVR1, HVR2, and coding regions I have 10 matches at GD0, 16 matches at GD1, 3 matches at  GD2, and 2 matches at GD3. My matrilinear line is from Colonial Virginia. FTDNA reports that haplogroup U is one of the oldest branches. They also report that is is a rare, but ancient haplogroup. If that is true, numbers of matches may be more due to more research interest and a higher than typical rate of testing.

Pam Tabor
by Pam Tabor G2G5 (5.9k points)
+3 votes
My mtDNA haplogroup is H8c. I did my test in March 2019 and I still have just 2 matches at the full coding region, GD3. I wonder why is that and how far back these matches go?
by Maria Todorof G2G Crew (450 points)
+3 votes
U4c2a, 8 at exact match and two at GD1.  What is cool is, for one of those two, we identified the sisters that divided us in c. 1700 Quebec.
by Jeff Andle G2G6 Mach 1 (12.6k points)
+3 votes
My aunt has 38 full sequence perfect matches and I am not one of them.  I am actually GD2 from my aunt because I have two heteroplasmies.  We are HG H with no following number.  Actually quite depressing to have so many matches when I was hoping mtDNA might help solve my mystery great grandmother.
by Jane Lindsey G2G1 (1.6k points)

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