Leonard Calvert (1550 - abt. 1611)

Born 23 Aug 1550 in Danbywiske, Kipliin Swale, Yorkshire, England

Ancestors

Husband of Alicia (Crossland) Calvert — married 1575 in Herstmencaux Castle, Sussex, England

Descendants

Died about 1611 at about age 60 in Danbywiske, Kiplin Swale, Yorkshire, England

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Biography

Ancestry

Little is known of the ancestry of the Yorkshire branch of the Calverts. At the knighting of Leonard's son George Calvert, it was claimed that his family originally came from Flanders (a Dutch-speaking area today across the English Channel in modern-day Kingdom of Belgium). ^[1]

Birth

23 Aug 1550 ^[2]

It appears that George's father was a Roman Catholic, although his father was compelled by law to have George tutored by a Protestant. ^[3]

Parents

He was the son of John Calvert, of Kiplin, near Danby Wiske, Yorkshire, by an unknown wife. ^[4]

Country Gentleman

George Calvert's father, Leonard was a country gentleman who had achieved some prominence as a tenant of Lord Wharton. ^[5]

1575 First Marriage to Alice Crossland

He was wealthy enough to marry a "gentlewoman" of a noble line, Alicia or Alice Crossland (or sometimes spelled: "Crosland"). ^[5]

Leonard Calvert married Alice, daughter of John Crossland. ^[6]

He established his family on the estate of the later-built Kiplin Hall, near Catterick in Richmond, of Yorkshire. ^[7]

His mother Alicia/Alice died on 28 November 1587, when he was fifteen years old.

Tenant of Lord Wharton

"Calvert's father, (an earlier) Leonard, was a country gentleman who had achieved some prominence as a tenant of Lord Wharton,[2] ^[8]

Leonard, George Calvert's father, was wealthy enough to marry a "gentlewoman" of a noble line, Alicia or Alice Crossland (or sometimes spelled: "Crosland"). He established his family on the estate of the later-built Kiplin Hall, near Catterick in Yorkshire." ^[9]

1580 Persecution of Roman Catholics

In 1569, Sir Thomas Gargrave had described Richmondshire as a territory where all gentlemen were "evil in religion", by which he meant predominately Roman Catholic;[3] it appears Leonard Calvert was no exception. During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, continuing the changes wrought in the previous century by her father, King Henry VIII making the Monarch, the supreme authority of the Christian Church in England, continuing the pace Protestant Reformation from the Continent of Europe, with the political, spiritual and temporal separation from the Roman Catholic Church and the Pope/Papacy in Rome, therefore the Royal Government exerted authority over the matters of religious faith, practices and the Church. Acts mandating compulsory religious uniformity were enacted by Parliament and enforced through penal laws.^[10]

The Acts of Supremacy and the Uniformity Act of 1559 also included an oath of allegiance to the Queen and an implicit denial of the Pope's (then Pope Paul IV) authority over the English Church. This oath was required of any common "subject", who wished to hold high office, attend university, or take advantage of opportunities controlled by the state (king/kingdom).^[11]

The Calvert household suffered the intrusion of the Elizabethan-era religious laws. From the year of George's birth onwards, his father, Leonard Calvert was subjected to repeated harassment by the Yorkshire authorities, who in 1580 extracted a promise of conformity from him, compelling his attendance at the Church of England services. ^[5]

1588 Second Marriage to Grace Crossland

His father then married Grace Crossland (or sometimes spelled: "Crosland"), Alicia's first cousin.^[12]

1592 Religious Troubles

In 1592, when George was twelve, the authorities denounced one of his tutors for teaching "from a popish primer" and instructed Leonard and Grace to send George and his brother Christopher to a Protestant tutor, and, if necessary, to present the children before the commission "once a month to see how they perfect in learning".^[5] As a result, the boys were sent to a Protestant tutor called Mr. Fowberry at Bilton. The senior Calvert had to give a "bond of conformity"; he was banned from employing any Catholic servants and forced to purchase an English Bible, which was to "ly open in his house for everyone to read".^[5]

1593 Grace Arrested for Catholicism

In 1593, records show that Grace Calvert was committed to the custody of a "pursuivant", an official responsible for identifying and persecuting Catholics, and in 1604, she was described as the "wife of Leonard Calvert of Kipling, non-communicant at Easter last".^[5]

1611 Death

1611 ^[2]

Issue

Probable Issue

1. George Calvert was born at Kiplin in late 1579 (birth month and day yet to be researched). ^[5] George Calvert was son and heir of Leonard Calvert, by Alice, daughter of John Crossland. He was born at Kipling (in Bolton), Yorkshire, in 1578 or 1579. ^[6]

Unverified Issue

1. Helen Calvert, b. 1571, Kipling, Bolton Chapelry, Yorkshire, ^[2]
2. Leonard Calvert, b. 1576, Yorkshire
3. Thomas Crossland Calvert, b. 1576, Yorkshire
4. Samuel Calvert, b. Nov 22, 1580, Yorkshire
5. Christopher Calvert, b. 1582, Bolton Castle, Yorkshire
6. Dorothy Calvert, b. 1582, Danby Wiskie, North Yorkshire
7. Robert Calvert, b. 1583, York
8. Mary Calvert, b. 1586, Bolton Castle, Yorkshire
9. John Calvert, b. 1587, Great Moorsham, Skelton, Yorkshire.

Research Notes

Leonard Calvert has been linked as the son of a "John George" Calvert. Middle names were rare in this period and this suggests two persons have been conflated.

Sources

1. ↑ Browne, William Hand (1890). George Calvert and Cecil Calvert: Barons Baltimore of Baltimore. New York: Dodd, Mead, and Company. Pages 2-3., Cited by Wikipedia. George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Calvert,_1st_Baron_Baltimore. Accessed Feb 12, 2017. jhd
2. ↑ ^{2.0 2.1 2.2} WikiTree Data Field, not otherwise sourced.
3. ↑ Clayton Colman Hall. The lords Baltimore and the Maryland palatinate. Baltimore: J. Murphy Co., 1902. Open Library
4. ↑ Browne, William Hand, *et al*., Maryland Historical Magazine, Vol. XVI (1921), p. 51 https://books.google.com/books?id=wCUUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA51
5. ↑ ^{5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6} Krugler, John D. (2004). English and Catholic: the Lords Baltimore in the Seventeenth Century. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-7963-9. Page 28-30. Cited by Wikipedia. George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Calvert,_1st_Baron_Baltimore. Accessed Feb 12, 2017. jhd
6. ↑ ^{6.0 6.1} Richardson, Douglas: Royal Ancestry, 2nd edn. (2013), 5 vols, Volume 2. Anne Mynne, wife of Leonard Calvert's son George is #21 on page 63.
7. ↑ Browne, p. 3.
8. ↑ Krugler, John D. (2004). English and Catholic: the Lords Baltimore in the Seventeenth Century. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-7963-9. p. 28. Cited by Wikipedia. George Calvert Accessed March 3, 2018. jhd
9. ↑ Browne, William Hand (1890). George Calvert and Cecil Calvert: Barons Baltimore of Baltimore. New York: Dodd, Mead, and Company. p. 3. Cited by Wikipedia. George Calvert Accessed March 3, 2018. jhd
10. ↑ Krugler, p. 12–16; From 1571, graduated fines were imposed on anyone attending Mass in the Roman Catholic Church, and generous rewards were offered to informers of the said crime. Middleton, p. 95.
11. ↑ Krugler, p. 12–16.
12. ↑ Wikipedia. George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Calvert,_1st_Baron_Baltimore. Accessed Feb 12, 2017. jhd

See also:

• Jonathan Paul, Jonathan Paul's Genealogy
• Laura Henderson, The Family History and Genenalogy of Laura Henderson