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Desire Havens, Wife of Lion Gardiner or Henry Gardiner

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Location: Rhode Island, Shelter Island, NYmap
Surnames/tags: Havens Gardiner Thurston
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Contents

Desire Havens, Wife of Lion Gardiner Sr. or Henry Gardiner Jr.?

By Randolph R. Beebe © October 2020

Desire Havens, daughter of George Havens, is assigned as the wife of Lion Gardiner Sr. of East Hampton, New York in one set of genealogical source material, but also as the wife of Henry Gardiner, of Rhode Island, in a different set of genealogical source material. Furthermore, the source materials document the two marriages as overlapping in time and the two couples to be residents of two different states at the same time, therefore it is not possible that Desire Havens could have been the wife of both men, viz married one of these men first and the second later. Consequently as of October 2020, two incompatible Wikitree identities have been created for Desire Havens, daughter of George Havens; one for Desire Havens, wife of Lion Gardiner Sr. of East Hampton, and a second Desire Havens, wife of Henry Gardiner Jr. As it is impossible for both Desire Havens identities to be correct, the following essay provides a detailed examination of the existing evidence and arrives at a conclusion regarding which adult identity of Desire Havens, daughter of George Havens is most probably correct.

The following methodology will be used to examine the evidence and arrive at a conclusion regarding the most probable individual to actually have been the husband of Desire (Havens) Gardiner. The first step will be to gather and collate all of the indexed primary source material possibly relating to Desire Havens, daughter of George, presently to be found on-line. This will be followed by a second section of secondary sources, that is to say published genealogies, arranged in order of publication date. A timeline of events will then be built from the source materials for Desire Havens, first assumed to be the wife of Henry Gardiner; and subsequently, a second timeline of events will be built for Desire Havens, this time assumed to be the wife of Lion Gardiner. This structure will provide a factual time line of events arranged in a manner to easily compare and contrast how well the asserted marriages fit with known historical events. This data will then be followed by a summary of observations and a critical analysis to establish the most probable husband of Desire Havens based on the collected historical record. The analysis will also attempt to pinpoint where conjecture may have entered the historical genealogical narrative to create the genealogical marriage incompatibility presently found in the records for Desire Havens.

Chronology and synopsis of events from Primary Records

The following section offers a set of two event timelines from the lives of the George Havens, Henry Gardiner, and Lion Gardiner and their families. The first timeline is compiled assuming that Desire Havens, daughter of George Havens, married Henry Gardiner Jr. as an adult while the second timeline is built assuming she married Lion Gardiner. Each timeline event has it's basis in a primary information source, though at present, some of the events have only been found as citations in secondary source material with no primary version of the information source to be presently found in the available and indexed internet data base. The origin of the information source for each of the timeline items is identified as either primary or secondary along with a citation of where the information came from:

Timeline for Desire Havens to Henry Gardiner Marriage

The following timeline has been assembled with the assumption that Desire Havens, daughter of George Havens, married Henry Gardiner Jr., in accordance with the Rhode Island marriage record.

  • 1653: George Havens is born. Primary [1]
  • 1654: Eleanor Thurston is born. Primary [2]
  • 1680: George Havens voted Freeman in Jamestown, RI. Primary [3] ; Secondary [4]
  • 1681-02-02; Jonathan Havens, son of George and Eleanor Havens, was born at Jamestown, RI. Primary [5] Secondary [6]
  • 1687-09-06: George Havens taxed in Kingstown, RI 6 Sept 1687 for 5s 3d. Secondary [6] [4]
  • 1691-02-25: Henry Gardiner Jr., son of Henry Gardiner Sr. and Abigail Richmond is born at North Kingston, Rhode Island. [7]
  • 1695-07-15: George Havens Constable in Jamestown, RI 15 July 1695. Secondary [6] [4]
  • 1696: George Havens sells his farm on the Boston Neck {Presently identified as the Northern portion of Narragansett County, Rhode Island.} in 1696 for £500. Secondary [6] [4]
  • 1700-03-25: George Havens, of Jamestown, RI., purchases 1000 acres of land in Shelter Island, NY from Nathaniel Sylvester II for £600. Primary [8]
  • 1701-05-16: George Havens Sr. of Shelter Island, NY, Yeoman, gifts 200 acres of his Shelter Island property to his son Jonathan Havens. Primary. [8]
  • 1701-11-19: George Havens Jr. IDs himself as son of George Havens of Shelter Island in a land deed in which George Havens Jr., his unidentified wife, and Martha Remington jointly sell land from the estate of John Remington to Henry Gardiner Sr. Secondary [6] [4]
  • 1702-10-26; George Havens Sr. sells to Henry Tibbitts for £ 80 a farm of 150 acres in Coweset, RI. Secondary [6] [4]
  • 1706-02-25: George Havens Sr. died. Primary, Tombstone [1] [4]
  • 1706-12-28 Eleanor (Thurston) Havens appeals to the Royal Governor to be granted authority to administrate the estate of her deceased husband George Havens. Primary, [9]
  • 1707-06-21 George Havens Jr., formerly of Shelter Island, but now of Fisher's Island, acts as executor for his father's estate and distributes 250 acres of his father's Shelter Island land in a deed to his brother John Havens. Primary. [8]
  • 1707-06-21 George Havens Jr., formerly of Shelter Island, but now of Fisher's Island, acts as executor for his father's estate and distributes 250 acres of his father's Shelter Island land in a deed to his brother William Havens. Primary. [8]
  • 1707-06-21 George Havens Jr., of Fisher's Island, acts as executor for his father's estate and distributes 50 acres of his father's Shelter Island land in a deed to his mother Eleanor Havens. In exchange for the deed for 50 acres, Eleanor is obligated to pay Patience (Havens) Loper, her daughter a £50 cash payment as her portion of the estate. Primary. [8]
  • 1710, Feb 28 John Richmond sold to George Havens {Jr} of Groton, Conn. my dwelling house and 200 acres in Kingstown, for £400. {John Richmond was an uncle to George Havens Jr's. wife, deduced to be Mary (Remington) Havens, dau. of Abigail Richmond and John Remington. Secondary [6] This document places George Havens Jr. in Kingstown just six months prior to the marriage of his sister to to his brother-in-law Henry. It is entirely plausible that Desire had relocated with her brother to Kingstown, RI to serve as a nanny for his family. Henry Gardiner was only 19 at the time of the marriage, hence the marriage was almost certainly a shotgun wedding, and six months is fully ample time for romantic relationship to develop.}
  • 1710-08-04: Desire Havens and Henry Gardiner Jr. were married at North Kingstown, Rhode Island. {Henry Gardiner Jr. was 19 when he married Desire.} Primary [10]
  • 1716-04-30: William Havens writes his last will and testament. Names Mother: Ellenor Terry; Brothers: George, Jonathan, and John Havens; Sisters: Ruth Terry, Content Payne; Pacion {Patience} Loper, Desire Gardiner, Abigail Havens as heirs. Primary [11]
  • 1724-09: Eleanor (Thurston) Terry former widow of George Havens sues George Tibbitts, heir of Henry Tibbets for right of dower on lands sold by her husband George Havens, to Henry Tibbitts in 1702, twenty-two years earlier. Secondary [6]
  • 1730: George Havens Jr. or George Havens III accepted as a freeman at Westerly, Rhode Island. Primary [12]
  • 1747-11-07: Eleanor (Thurston) Havens Terry died. Primary [2]

Timeline for Desire Havens to Lion Gardiner Marriage

The following timeline has been assembled with the assertion that Desire Havens, daughter of George Havens, is the unidentified female who married Lion Gardiner Sr. The timeline has been assembled focused on events recorded for the family of Lion Gardiner:

  • 1653: George Havens is born. Primary [1]
  • 1654: Eleanor Thurston is born. Primary [2]
  • 1680: George Havens voted Freeman in Jamestown, RI. Primary [3] ; Secondary [4]
  • 1681-02-02; Jonathan Havens, son of George and Eleanor Havens, was born at Jamestown, RI. Primary [5] Secondary [6]
  • 1687-09-06: George Havens taxed in Kingstown, RI 6 Sept 1687 for 5s 3d. Secondary [6] [4]
  • 1688: Lyon Gardiner Jr., son of Lion Gardiner Sr. and an unnamed wife, asserted to be Desire Gardiner, is born at East Hampton, Long Island, NY. Secondary [13][14][15][16] {From this date it may be deduced that Lion Sr. would have had to have married his asserted wife Desire Havens about 1687, this is thirteen years prior to the time her father, George Havens, purchased land at Shelter Island, NY. In 1687 George Havens was firmly entrenched and actively engaged in the community at Jamestown, RI., and Lion Gardiner and family were well established at Gardiner's Island and East Hampton, NY. As there are zero known connections between Lion Gardiner Sr. of East Hampton, New York, and George Havens of Jamestown, Rhode Island, and they are separated by about 80 miles; how could have Lion and Desire come to have known about each other well enough to arrange a marriage?}
  • 1695-07-15: George Havens Constable in Jamestown, RI 15 July 1695. Secondary [6] [4]
  • 1696: George Havens sells his farm on the Boston Neck {Presently identified as the Northern portion of Narragansett County, Rhode Island.} in 1696 for £500. Secondary [6] [4]
  • 1700-03-25: George Havens, of Jamestown, RI., purchases 1000 acres of land in Shelter Island, NY from Nathaniel Sylvester II for £600. Primary [8]
  • 1701-05-16: George Havens Sr. of Shelter Island, NY, Yeoman, gifts 200 acres of his Shelter Island property to his son Jonathan Havens. Primary. [8]
  • 1722-01-11: Lion Gardiner Jr. and Hannah Mercy were married. Primary [17]
  • 23 Sep 1723; Lion Gardiner Sr. was killed in a hunting accident at the age of ____. Primary [17]
  • 20 Sep 1733: The unnamed widow of Lion Gardiner Sr. died at the age of 65 years at East Hampton, LI, NY, making her calculated date of birth 1668. Primary [17] {In 1668, the documented birth year of Lion Gardiner's widow; it follows that if his widow was indeed Desire Havens, then George Havens, her father was 15 and Eleanor Thurston, her mother was 14 at the time she was born.}
  • 1781. Lion Gardiner Jr. son of Lion Gardiner Sr. and unnamed wife died at the age of 93. {Calculated date of birth is 1688.} Secondary [14][15][16]

Observations

Desire Havens Information Established as Factual

Having collected a robust body of primary source information, and assembled the two hypothetical timelines for Desire Havens; the following list of observations, taken from primary documents, are 100% factually true or correct:

  1. ) George Havens (Sr.) was born in 1653 and died 25 Feb 1706 (from tombstone)
  2. ) Ellenor Terry was born in 1654 and was the wife, first of George Havens and, second, of Thomas Terry, then died 7 Nov 1747 (from tombstone).
  3. ) From the 30 April 1716 Will of William Havens:
    1. ) Desire Gardiner was the sister of William Havens; and George Havens Jr. was his brother.
    2. ) The mother of William Havens was Ellenor Terry.
    3. ) Desire Gardiner was granted a bequest of cash only, while her sister Ruth Terry received both cash and livestock.
  4. ) George Havens Sr. is documented as a resident and active citizen of Jamestown, Rhode Island from 1680 through 1695.
  5. ) George Havens Sr. purchases 1000 acres of land at Shelter Island, New York on 25 March 1700, and moves his family to Shelter Island shortly thereafter.
  6. ) George Havens Jr., brother of Desire Havens, and his wife sell their share of the land from the estate of John Remington to Henry Gardiner Sr. the husband of John Remington's widow, Abigail Richmond, on 19 Nov 1701. This document establishes that George Havens Jr. was married to an heir of John Remington and Abigail Richmond, thus a step child of Henry Gardiner Sr.
  7. ) George Havens Jr. purchases land from his wife's uncle on 28 Feb 1710 and moves his family to this Kingstown, RI property, just six months prior to the marriage of his sister to Henry Gardiner Jr.
  8. ) On the fourth of August 1710 Desire Havens married Henry Gardiner Jr.; Henry was nineteen years of age at the time of this Kingstown, Rhode Island marriage.

Key Information missing from Primary Sources

1) There are zero primary sources which provide a name identity for the wife of Lion Gardiner. 2) The primary source which documents the marriage of Desire Havens to Henry Gardiner Jr. does not identify the names of her parents.

Analysis

As just noted, the missing piece of information from the primary sources is whether George Havens Sr. and Eleanor Thurston were the parents of the Desire Havens who married Henry Gardiner Jr. Assuming, for a minute that this parental assertion is correct, and that Desire Havens was about the same age as her husband, Henry Gardiner Jr.; then Desire Havens would have been about nineteen in 1710, hence born about 1691, and toward the end of the birth order of their children. In 1691 George Sr. would have been 38 years of age and Eleanor Thurston would have been 37, thus both in prime childbearing years when Desire Havens, wife of Henry Gardiner, was born. Furthermore, it may reasonably be deduced that her brother, George Havens Jr. was the eldest son (named executor of George Sr.'s estate) of George Sr. and was married to Mary Remington, the daughter of John and Abigail (Richmond) Remington. This would make the wife of George Havens Jr. a half sister to Henry Gardiner Jr., son of Henry Gardiner Sr. and Abigail (Richmond) Remington Gardiner, and the 1710 relocation of George Havens Jr. and his family to Kingstown, RI would have provided an opportunity and need for Desire Havens, the young and unmarried sister of George Havens Jr., to relocate with her brother to Kingstown in order to provide nanny support for the family during the disruptive move. If Desire Havens went with her brother George to Kingstown, to live or even just visit, then she would have been situated at exactly the correct location and correct time, and correct family relationships to spawn a marriage to young Henry Gardiner Jr. in August of 1710. As Henry and (likely) Desire were both underage at the time, it seems highly probable that the August 1710 marriage was prioritized by a pregnancy, and explains the rapid turn of events, from the move to Kingstown in February to marriage in August. In any case, the family relationships and timing of events is a near perfect fit for Desire Havens, wife of Henry Gardiner Jr. to have been the daughter of George and Eleanor Havens.

The alternative narrative, where Desire Havens, daughter of George and Eleanor Havens, is married to Lion Gardiner Sr. requires the following to be correct. The East Hampton records establish that the widow of Lion Gardiner Sr., asserted to be Desire Havens, daughter of George and Eleanor Havens, died 20 Sept 1733 at the age of 65 and thus was born in 1668. However, it is also known that George Havens Sr. was born in 1653 and his wife, Eleanor, in 1654; therefore if the wife of Lion Gardiner Sr. was their daughter, Desire, then she would have been born when her father, George, was 15 and her mother, Eleanor, was 14. Furthermore, the records assert that the first child of Lion Gardiner Sr. and his wife, viz Lion Gardiner, Jr., was born in 1688.; however George Sr. and Eleanor Havens and family were firmly established residents of Jamestown, Rhode Island, and there is no record whatsoever that would place George Havens nor any member of his family (Desire) near Gardiner's Island (nor vice-versa) around the required 1687 marriage date. Thus, this version of reality requires that George and Eleanor would have been the parents of Desire at an exceedingly improbably age; in addition, the genealogical records also establish that it was exceedingly improbable that Desire Havens and Lion Gardiner Sr. would have had the opportunity to meet to be married in 1687, because their families lived in different states separated by at least 80 miles. Furthermore, it must also be noted that there is not a single shred of primary evidence available to link Desire Havens as the wife of Lion Gardiner. As a final note on this topic, the second son of Lion Sr. and his wife was named Giles Gardiner, and Giles was an East Hampton family surname, not included in the lineage of Lion Gardiner; hence a possible hint as to the identity of Lion Gardiner's spouse.

Therefore, it may be established from primary records that is exceedingly probable that the Desire Gardiner, who married Henry Gardiner was the daughter of George Havens and Eleanor Thurston and conversely, that it is exceedingly improbable that the wife of Lyon Gardiner Sr. was Desire Havens. Thus it has been established, far beyond a reasonable doubt that it was Henry Gardiner whom married Desire Haven, the daughter of George Havens and Eleanor Thurston and not Lion Gardiner.

Error in the Secondary Record

The prior analysis establishes beyond a reasonable doubt that Desire Havens, daughter of George and Eleanor Thurston, married Henry Gardiner rather than Lion Gardiner; however examination of the catalog of published genealogies reveals that numerous published genealogies pair Lion Gardiner Sr. and Desire Havens, daughter of George Havens as husband and wife, yet not a single published genealogy has been found which declares that the Desire Gardiner who married Henry Gardiner was the daughter of George and Eleanor Havens. Hence the obvious question is "Why is this?" The answer to this question may be found by examining the published genealogical record in the order of publication date (shown below). A close examination of the secondary records reveals that none of the genealogies published prior to 1927 offered any identification of the parents of Desire Gardiner, either as the wife of Henry Gardiner, nor as _____ ____, the wife of Lion Gardiner. However, in 1927, John Lion Gardiner declares, in his genealogy entitled, Gardiners of Gardiner's Island, that the wife of Lion Gardiner Sr. was Desire Havens, daughter of George Havens and Eleanor Thurston. He cites the 1716 will of William Havens, of Shelter Island, NY, in which William Havens identifies his sister as Desire Gardiner and his mother as Eleanor Terry. John Lion Gardiner then couples the information in this Shelter Island Will with the timely and nearby marriage of Lion Gardiner Sr. documented in the primary records of East Hampton, Long Island, New York. From this data, John Lion Gardiner draws the conclusion that the unidentified wife of Lion Gardiner Sr. in the East Hampton Vital Records was, in fact, the Desire Havens identified in the will of her brother William Havens of Shelter Island. This assertion has been shown in this essay to be almost certainly incorrect, but at the time, and with the known information available, this was a reasonable, but almost certainly erroneous, deduction that failed to properly account for the age of George and Eleanor at the time the wife of Lion Gardiner Sr. had to have been born (age 15, 14), and the place where George and Eleanor lived when Lion Gardiner was married (Jamestown, RI). Subsequent to the 1927 publication, ensuing genealogies, have oft repeated this assertion, such that it has become accepted orthodoxy to the point where not a single author, has offered Henry Gardiner Jr as the husband of Desire Gardiner, daughter of George and Eleanor Havens, in a challenge to John Lion Gardiner's conclusion, despite a strong body of evidence to the contrary.

Primary Source Material related to Desire Havens

Primary Sources for the George Havens Family

  1. ) RI. Records; page 84; 4 May 1680: Voted; Oliver Arnold and George Havens being freemen of Jamestown, are admitted Freemen of this Colony.
  2. ) RI. Records; page 228; 14 July 1687: George Havens noted as a party in a Petition to the King (of England) to seize Hay that was unlawfully harvested from a shared meadow situated between Kingston and Greenwich RI, to be distributed, share and share alike, to the lawful freeholders, including George Havens (and others) having a legal right to this meadow.
  3. ) RI. Records; page 58-60; 29 July 1679: Henry Gardiner Sr. one of 45 residents of Rochester {Kingstown}, Rhode Island petition the King of England to "supplycate your Majesty , as you have been pleased to send your gracious letters to the foure Collonys of New England strictly to will and require the to take care of the inhabitants there at present." This request is the result of a series of incidents in which the natives had stolen 150 head of cattle and had plundered their homes, the residents of Kingstown had appealed to the superiors at Rhode Island and Massashusetts Bay for assistance, but their appeal had been met with no relief, and hence applealing to the King to preserve their lives and livihoods.
  4. ) RI. Records; page 480; 12 July 1703: Henry Gardiner {Sr.} was one of 12 men elected by the freemen of Kingstown, RI to lay out highways or roads in the town of Kingstown, RI.
  1. ) RI Records; page 432; George Havens {Jr}, of Westerly, is included in a list of freeman admitted to the Colony of Rhode Island, Feb 1729/30. {This title was granted about 20 years after George Havens Jr. returned to RI in 1710 and this event may apply to his son George Havens III.}
  1. ) North Kingstown, RI. VR; page 22; Henry Gardiner married Desire Havens,4 Aug. 1710 at North Kingstown, Rhode Island.
  2. ) North Kingston Birth Records; Page 73: Births:
    1. ) Henry Gardiner {Jr.}, son of Henry and Abigail Gardiner, was born 25 Feb 1691 at North Kingstown, Rhode Island.
    2. ) Henry Gardiner {III}, son of Henry and Desire (Havens) Gardiner, was born 16 June 1714 at North Kingstown, Rhode Island.
  1. ) Jamestown, RI, VR; page 23: Jonathan Havens, son of George was born in Jamestown Rhode Island on 2 Feb 1680/1.
  1. ) Ancestry.com scanned Image; Shelter Island, NY will of William Havens; Transcription of the 30 April 1716 last will and testament of William Havens, brother of Desire (Havens) Gardiner by Randolph R. Beebe. {Transcription date 10 Oct 2020. Note: punctuation, not present in the original document, has been inserted into this transcription, to aid in clarity.}
    1. ) In the name of God Amen the thirtieth day of April in the Second Yeare of the Reigne of our most gracious Sovereigns Lord George by the grace of God King of Britain, France, and Ireland, defender of the faith &c. I William Havens of Shelter Island in the County of Suffolke within the province of New Yorke Yeoman am Sicke and weak of Body, but perfect and Sound of mind and Memory thankes be unto Almighty God for the same do make and ordain this my last Will and Testament Revoking and utterly disavowing all other Wills and Testaments by me formerly made to be void Null and of none Effect and
    2. ) And this to be my last Will and Testament in manner and form following first of all and principally I bequeath my Soul unto Almighty God my Maker Creator and Redeemer And my Body to the Earth from whence it came to be buried in decent and Christian Burial at teh Descretion of my Executor hereafter named.
      1. ) Item: I give and bequeath unto Elennor Terry my mother all my Tacke of Land being two Hundred and Fifty Acres Scituate lying and Being on Shelter Island Aforesaid. To have and hold all and Singular the said Two Hundred and fifty Acres of Land Together with all the Appurtenance there unto belonging or anyways Appaineing unto the said Elennor Terry my Mother during her Natural Life.
      2. ) Item: I give and Bequeath unto George Havens, Jonathan Havens, and John Havens, all my Tracke of Land above mentioned after the decease of Elennor Terry my Mother to be equally divided between them to have and hold all and Singular the said to Hundred and Fifty Acres of Land these and every there Appurtenance unto them the said George Havens, Jonathan Havens, and John Havens there heris and Assigns for Ever.
      3. ) Item: I give and bequeath unto Ruth Terry, my Sister one Youke of Oxan, Two Cowes and fourteen Sheep to be delivered within Six Months after my Decease
      4. ) Item I give and bequeath unto Ruth Terry my Sister Twenty Pounds of Current Money of of New York
      5. ) Item: I give and bequeath unto Content Payne, Pacion Loper, desire Gardiner, and Abigail Havens my Sisters the Sum of Ten Pounds apiec of Current Money of New York, now my Will and meaning is the Money above given shall be paid Equally by George Havens, Jonathan Havens, and John Havens my Brothers out of my Two Hundred and Fifty acres of Land after Elennor Terry, my Mother is decease and not before.
      6. ) Item: all the residue of my Goods, Chattel, and Catel not by here by me given nor bequeathed, I do give and bequeath unto John Havens my brother whom I doe ordain and declare and make my Whole and Sole Executor, paying all my Debts and Legacies performing this my last Will and Testament. In Witness whereof I the said William Havens have hereunto sett my hand and Seal given the the thirtieth day of April in the year of our Lord God One Thousand Seven Hundred and Sixteene. William Havens, Ls.
    3. ) Sealed, Signed, and Published and declared in the Presence of us John Shaw, William Brown, John Parr, John Knowlinge
    4. ) Probate Date: 7 August 1746
  • Primary Source, George Havens, Tombstone Photograph [1] Tombstone epitaph from a photo of the tombstone of George Havens at the Ancient burying ground at New London, Connecticut; husband of Ellenor Thurston and father of Desire.
  1. ) Epitaph: Here lyeth the body of George Havens who deceased Febr. the 25th., 1706, age 53 years. {Note: this inscription has been derived from an early observation, because the inscription has been obscured by erosion damage, and a large portion of the inscription is presently missing.}
Tombstone of George Havens, located at the ancient burial ground of New London, Connecticut.
  • Primary Source, New York, Wills and Probate Records, 1659-1999; [9] Appeal by Eleanor Havens to the Territorial Governor of Queen Anne for authorization to administrate the estate of her husband, George Havens, deceased. Shelter Island April 4, 1706.
  1. ) Scanned Image, appeal to Edward Hyde for right to administrate; To His Excellencey Edward, Viscount Cornbury, Lord Genll, ye Gover'n in Chief of her Majjy Colonies of New York, New Jersey & ye Territories depending Thereon in America & The dismissal of ye Same.
    1. ) These are humbly to certify unto your Excellency yt on this twenty eight day of December in ye fifth year of ye Reigne of our Soverainge Lady Anne by ye grace of God over England Scotland & ye Defender of ye faith cam before me Giles Sylvester and Eleanor Havens Widowe & relect of George Havens of Sheltr Island in Ye Province of Newe York above said Yeoman, lately deceased and being sworne after ye maner of ye Quakers She being a Quatker according to an act of Assens of this Provence declareth yt she knoweth not of will ever made by her husband ye said George Havens deceased, but yt he died intestate as a hod?? that ye inventory heerunto anexed is a true and perfect inventory according to due formed of lawe of all ye goods chattles & credits of ye said George Havens, deceased, so far forth as is at present come to her knowledge, & yt if any thing more of ye estate of yes said deceased shall come to her knowledge hereafter yt she will forthwith make due returne thereof. And She ye said Eleanor Havens being ye Widowe & Relict of ye said George Havens, deceased, to whome ye right of Administration of all ye goods & Chattles etc of ye deceased doth belong hath craved ye same and according to trust in me by your Excellency ??? is admitted to ye same deposed is admitted to ye same She having found sufficient Security for her well and truy pg forming her said administration accorgin to law, And ye said Eleanor Havens is humbly referred unto your Excellency for ye power of Administrating all ye above said premises by your Excellency. Most humble and Obedient Servant G. Sylverster. Jonathan Hudson.
  • Primary Source, Ellenor (Thurston) Havens Terry Tombstone Photograph [2] Tombstone epitaph from the Tombstone photo of Eleanor (Thurston) Havens Terry.
  1. ) IN MEMORY of | Ellenor ye Wife of | Thomas Terry & formerly | ye Wife of George Havens | died Novemr ye 7 1747 | in ye93d year {Born ca 1654}
Tombstone of Eleanor (Thurston) Havens Terry, located at the burial ground of the SuffolK Co., NY, Presbyterian Church
  1. ) Southold Records; page 419; Land Sale, George Havens of Jamestown, Rhode Island purchases 1000 acres of land on Shelter Island from Nathaniel Sylvester, Gent. for £600 on 25 March 1699/1700.
  2. ) Southold Records; page 412 George Havens Sr., Yeoman of Shelter Island, gifts to his son, Jonathan Havens, the deed to 200 acres of the Shelter Island, NY land George had purchased from Nathaniel Sylvester in 1700 land. Date of Deed: 16 May 1701. The deed was signed by George Havens and Eleanor Havens; and witnessed by Giles Sylvester, Daniel Parke, Wm Richardson and Arthur Loper.
  3. ) Southold Records; page 413, 414; George Havens Jr. Yeoman, late of Shelter Island, now of Fisher's Island, grants, sells {that is to say distributes from the estate of their father} 250 acres of the Shelter Island, NY land that was purchased by George Haven Sr. from Nathaniel Sylvester in 1700 unto my brother William Havens on 21 June 1707.
  4. ) Southold Records; page 420; George Havens Jr. late of Shelter Island, but now of Fisher's Island, distributes to brother John Havens 250 acres of Shelter Island, NY land from their father's estate on 21 June 1707.
  5. ) Southold Records; page 420, 421; George Havens Jr., of Fishes Island, grants to his natural sister Patience Loper £30 to be paid his by mother Eleaner Havens, to be her portion of the estate of their deceased father George Havens Sr. Eleaner Havens then is granted a tract of fifty acres from the Shelter Island, NY estate of George Havens Sr. in exchange for the £30 cash payment made to her daughter. 21 June 1707.
  6. ) Southold Records; page 463; John Richmond of Kingstown, RI sells 250 acres of land on Shelter Island, NY, which he purchased from George Havens Jr to Richard Shaw on 13 November 1710 for £340.
  7. ) Southold Records; page 463; Appendix noting that Shelter Island was closely associated with Southold and the record keeping for Shelter Island was handled at Southold.

Primary Sources for the Henry Gardiner Family

  1. ) North Kingston Marriage Records; Page 22: Henry Gardiner and Desire Havens were married on 4 August 1710 at North Kingstown, Rhode Island.
  2. ) North Kingston Birth Records; Page 73: Henry Gardiner, son of Henry and Desire (Havens) Gardiner was born 16 June 1714 at North Kingstown, Rhode Island.

Primary Sources for the Lion Gardiner Family

  1. ) East Hampton, Long Island, VR.; page 431: Lyon Gardiner Jr. and the wife of Lion Gardiner Jr. owned the covenant on 10 Feb 1723 at East Hampton, LI, NY. Giles Gardiner also consented to the Covenant on 10 Feb 1723 at East Hampton, LI, NY. {Lion Gardiner jr. was the brother of Giles.}
  2. ) East Hampton, Long Island, VR.; page 525: Lion Gardiner Jr. and Hannah Mercy were married on 11 Jan 1721/2 at East Hampton, NY.
  3. ) East Hampton, Long Island, VR.; page 566; Lion Gardiner, Sr. died on 23 Sept 1723 after he was shot by Sam Bennet, both of them hunting deer, aged about ____ years. (East Hampton, NY.)
  4. ) East Hampton, Long Island, VR.; page 570: The widow of Lion Gardiner, {died} abt 2 of clock in morning aged (I suppose) abt 65 years. 20 Sept 1733. (East Hampton, NY)

Secondary Source Material related to Desire Havens

The following section examines any and all published genealogies that have been found to have referenced Desire Havens, whether as a daughter of George and Eleanor Haven, or as the wife of either Henry Gardiner or Lion Gardiner. These genealogies are arranged in the order of publication date and the objective of the listing is to establish which genealogy first linked Desire Havens, daughter of George to be either the wife of Lion or Henry Gardiner, and thence determine the basis for which this link was asserted to be correct.

1887

  1. ) RI Genealogy; page 93: George Havens, fifth child of William and Dionis Havens, was b. ____,; m. 1674 Eleanor Thurston (b. 1655, d. 172), dau. of Edward and Elizabeth (Mott) Thurston; d. 1702+. George resident of Jamestown, RI., Shelter Island, NY.
    1. ) Children of George and Eleanor:
      1. ) George Havens Jr.
      2. ) Jonathan Havens; b. 1681, Feb 2.
    2. ) Documented events:
      1. ) 1680: Freeman
      2. ) 1687: Sep 6; Kingstown, taxed 5s 3d.
      3. ) 1695: Jul 15; Jamestown Constable.
      4. ) 1696: He sold farm on Boston Neck for £ 500.
      5. ) 1701, Nov 19: Shelter Island. His son George, of Kings Town, in a deed of this date, calls himself son of George, of Shelter Island.
      6. ) 1702, Oct 26: He (of Shelter Island), sold to Henry Tibbits, for £80, a farm of 150 acres in Coweset.
      7. ) 1724, Sep: Eleanor Terry, widow, of Newport, formerly widow of George Havens, sued George Tibbitts, son and heir of Henry Tibbitts, for right of dower in lands in South Kingstown, sold by her husband, George Havens, to Henry Tibbitts.
  2. ) RI Genealogy; page 81: George Gardiner (d. ca 1677) and Herodias (Long)
    1. ) Henry Gardiner (1645-1744) of Kingstown, RI., son of George and Herodias; m. (1st) Joan ____ (d.1714); m. (2nd) Abigail (Richmond) Remington (1656-1744), dau. of Edward and Abigail (Davis) Richmond. {Editorial note: the death date of 1st wife Joan is given as 1715, despite Henry having three sons with Abigail prior to 1697. Austin notes that Abigail Richmond filed litigation against Henry naming him as the father of her sons, and the court holds Henry responsible for their charge. Austin then notes that Henry at some point, perhaps after Joan died, married Abigail and noted her as his wife in his will.
      1. ) Children of Henry Gardiner and Abigail (Richmond) Remington. {Editorial Note: subsequent documentation records these children as surnamed Gardiner, hence Henry must, at some point, adopted them.}
        1. ) Henry Gardiner; 25 Feb 1691. {Editorial: Husband of Desire Havens.}
        2. ) Ephraim Gardiner; 17 Jan 1693.
        3. ) William Gardiner; 27 Oct 1697.
      2. ) Timeline of Documented Events:
        1. ) 1671-05-19: Took Oath of Allegiance
        2. ) 1694-03-27: He was charged by Abigail Remington, with being the father of two children by her, and the court ordered him to indemnify Kingstown for any charge. After the death of his wife Joan, he certainly recognized Abigail as his wife, and mentioned her as such distinctly in his will.
        3. ) 1715-11-21; Henry Gardiner Sr. and his wife Joan, testified regarding a highway that had been stopped 25 years earlier.
        4. ) 1738-03: In a deposition to the the Church of England he states his age as 93 years, his wife Abigail is aged 82.
        5. ) 1732-10-25: Last will and testament of Henry Gardiner Sr. Names Abigail as wife, Sons Henry, and Ephraim. Grandchildren Dorcas Gardiner, Hannah Potter, Henry Gardiner, son of William. Proved 5 May 1744.
  3. ) RI Genealogy; page 161: John Remington, son of John and Abigail; b. ____; m. ca. 1679 Abigail Richmond (1656-1744), dau. Edward & Abigail (Davis); d. 1688
    1. ) Children of John Remington and Abigail Richmond: {Austin does not itemize the wife of George Havens Jr. as one of his children, despite her inclusion in the distribution of his estate.}
      1. ) Abigail, b. 1681 {Note all of John Remington's children would have been under the age of eight at the time of his death
      2. ) Martha
      3. ) Elizabeth
      4. ) Hannah
    2. ) 1678, Apr 30: Freeman
    3. ) 1687, Sept 6; Kingstown. Taxed 7s 6.5d.
    4. ) 1688, Dec 12; Administration to widow Abigail. Inventory 46 17s 9d.
    5. ) 1701, Nov. 19: Martha Remington, daughter of John deceased, with the consent of her mother Abigail Remington, united with George Havens Jr. and wife* in a deed of rights in 220 acres to Henry Gardiner, for £100.
      1. ) {* Editorial, this is an incredibly important document to this essay; it establishes a bridge of evidence to explain how Desire Havens who, as of 1710, had lived in Shelter Island, NY for 10 years, was able to become acquainted with Henry Gardiner Jr. of Kingstown sufficiently well to become married to him in 1710. The bridge of evidence is as follows: 1) this land deed is evidence of the distribution of the estate of her first husband John Remington to their daughters (now age of majority) Martha and the unnamed Remington wife of George Havens Jr.; 2) as George Havens Jr., the brother of Desire Gardiner, and was married to a Remington daughter of Abigail Richmond, the step daughter of Henry Gardiner Sr.; it may be known that Henry Gardiner Jr. was a half brother to Desire's sister-in-law. 3) the document suggests that Desire's eldest brother, George Havens Jr., remained in Kingstown, Rhode Island in 1701 and married into the family of Henry Gardiner Jr., when the rest of the Havens family moved to Shelter Island. Therefore it may be known with absolute certainty, that Desire Havens, daughter of George Havens Sr., over the next nine years, would have had ample opportunity to establish social contact and develop a romantic relationship with Henry Gardiner Jr., the half brother of her sister-in-law. Furthermore, the familial connections to Henry Gardiner Jr. were pre-existent to effect a family approved marriage in 1710, despite living in two different states.}
      2. ) {* Editorial: It is also worth noting that the Wikitree profile of the wife of George Havens Jr. asserts her identity to be Mary Remington but without direct documentry evidence. However, her identity my be deduced from reliable documents as follows: the land deed above establishes George Jr.'s wife to have been born nee Remington, and his will documents his wife's first name to be Mary, thus assuming he only had one wife, George Havens Jr's wife may be accurately deduced to be Mary Remington.}
    6. ) Text includes other documented events
  4. ) RI Genealogy; page 163; Edward Richmond (1632-1696), of Little Compton, RI., m. (1st) Abigail Davis (b.___, d.____); m (2nd) Amey Bell.
    1. ) John Richmond (b.__, d. 1738+), son of Edward Richmond and Abigail (Davis) of Kingstown, RI.
      1. ) 1710, Feb 28 Sold to George Havens {Jr} of Groton, Conn. my dwelling house and 200 acres in Kingstown, for £400. {John Richmond was an uncle to George Havens Jr's. wife, deduced to be Mary Havens, dau of Abigail Richmond and John Remington.
      2. ) Other documented events
    2. ) Abigail Richmond (1656-1744), dau. of Edward Richmond and Abigail Davis of Kingstown, RI.; m (1st) John Remington (____-1688); m (2nd) Henry Gardiner (1645-1744)
      1. ) Children of Abigail Richmond and John Remington:
        1. ) {wife of George Havens Jr.--implied dau of John Remington and Abigail (Richmond) in Austin's Remington narrative above.}
        2. ) Abigail, 1681
        3. ) Martha
        4. ) Elizabeth
        5. ) Hannah
      2. ) Children of Abigail Richmond and Henry Gardiner:
        1. ) Henry Gardiner Jr.; b. 25 Feb 1691. {Text does not ID his wife.}
        2. ) Ephraim Gardiner; b. 17 Jan 1693.
        3. ) William Gardiner; b. 27 Oct 1697.

1890

  1. ) Lion Gardiner Genealogy; page 106: Lion Gardiner (7), son of David Gardiner, of Gardiner's Island, was a farmer in East Hampton. He was accidently shot 22 Sept 1723 by Samuel Bennett while hunting deer, near Three Mile Harbor. His widow d. 20 Sept. 1733 ae about 65. Her name is not mentioned. (Ref; Vide, East Hampton Church Records).
    1. ) In the Southold Town Records Lion's name appears with his brother John 27 Dec 1676 as winesses to the deed of confirmation of the patentees of Southold. In the same records Lion's name appears with his brothers John and David, 2 July 1690, in a deed of settlement as heirs to the estate Of their father "Mr. David Gardiner, deceased," Lion did not leave a will.
    2. ) Children:
      1. ) Lion (14), b. 1688; d. 1781 ae 93.
      2. ) Giles, d. unm
      3. ) Mary, d. 14 May 1714 ae 20 of measles.
      4. ) A Child, d. Feb 1700/1 about two days old.
    3. ) At a court of Oyer and Terminer held by Chief Justice Morris at Brookhaven, 30 July 1724, Samuel Bennet was indicted for the murder of Lion Gardiner, but at the trial was found "not guilty." Vide Thompson, Vol I, p 256.

1895

  1. ) Colonial Ancestors; page 28; Henry Gardiner {Sr.} m. (1st) Joan ____, who was living in 1715. He m. (2nd) Abigail Richmond) Remington, 1656-1744, widow of John Remington, who d. 1688, and daughter of Edward and Abigail (Davis) Richmond, and had by 2d wife
    1. ) Henry Gardiner {Jr.} b. 25 Feb 1691 in Kingstown, RI.; m. ____. {Text does not ID the wife of Henry Jr.}
    2. ) Ephraim Gardiner; b. __ Jand 1693; m. 28 April 1713 Penelope Eldred, dau. of Samuel and Martha (Knowles) Eldred, of Kingstown, RI.
    3. ) William Gardiner; b. 27 Oct 1697; d. before 20 July 1744; m. in Kingstown, RI 12 June 1718 Margaret Eldred, dau. of Capt John and Margaret (Holden) Eldred of N. Kingstown, RI.

1897

  1. ) History of East Hampton; page 277-280 Lyon 3 {Gardiner}, s. of David 2 had w{ife} (name not given) who d. 20 Sept 1733 ae about 65. He was accidentally shot Sept 23, 1723, near Three Mile Harbor, by Samuel Bennett, while huntting deer. They had ch. Lyon 4 b. 1688, d. 1781 ae 93; Giles 4 d. s. p.; Mary 4 d. May 14, 1714, ae 20 of measles; a child 4 d. 1700-1 abt 2 days old.

1899

  1. ) Shelter Island Presbyterian; page 38-43: George Havens, the son of William Havens, a Welshman who came to America in 1635 and settled on Conanticut Island {Rhode Island}. Around 1698 George Havens purchased 1000 acres of land covering the central portion of Shelter Island, NY from Nathaniel Sylvester II, who having had recently married Miss Margaret Hobert, daughter of Isaiah Hobert of East Hampton, subsequently moved to Newport, RI and engaged in business as a merchant. George Havens then moved with his wife and seven children, three sons and four daughters to Shelter Island, though his son George Havens Jr. opted to remain in Rhode Island and, to the best of the author's knowledge, remained in Rhode Island for his entire life, despite a generous, but conditional offer of Shelter Island land by his father George Haven Sr. in 1701. {The assertion by Mallman that George Havens Jr. lived his entire life in RI is incorrect. The land deed records from Southold/Shelter Island are perfectly clear; George Havens Jr. was a resident of Shelter Island circa 1702-1705, then moved to Fisher's Island some time prior to 1707. [8] He later moved to Groton, Conn, and then back to Kingstown, RI by 1710. [6]} George Havens {Sr.} died at Shelter Island, survived by wife who remarried to one Thomas Terry, she lived to the age of 93 and was buried in the south {Shelter Island Pres.} church yard.
    1. ) Mallman also notes that he was surprised to find the Tombstone of George Havens in the ancient burying ground of New London, Conn. with an epitaph on a small brownstone marker which read, George Havens , who deceased Feb 25, 1706 ae 53 y'rs. {Note the tombstone may still be found in this cemetery, but time has eroded the stone's inscription, such that all that may be presently discerned is as follows: { HERE | LYETH... | BODY ... |HAVENS ... | DECEASED ... | THE 25 ... | AGED ...}
  2. ) Shelter Island Presbyterian; page 163: George Havens, son of William and Dionis (____) Havens, b. 1653, m 1674; d. 21 Feb 1706/7. Married Eleanor Thurston, da. of Edward and Elizabeth (Mott) Thurston; b. Mar 1655; d. 7 Nov 1747.
    1. ) George Havens; m. Mary____.
    2. ) Jonathan Havens; b. 22 Feb 1681; m. 1 Jan 1706/7 Hannah Brown.
    3. ) William Havens; d. unm 1746.
    4. ) John Havens; m. Sarah ____.
    5. ) Content Havens; m. Cornelius Payne.
    6. ) Patience Havens; m. Soper.
    7. ) Desire Havens; m. Gardiner. {This text does not identify the husband of Desire Havens.}

1907

  1. ) Gardner history and genealogy; page 62; Henry Gardner (3), son of Henry (2) and Abigail (Remington) Gardner was born 25 Feb 1691. His home was in Moorsfield in South Kingstown on land inherited from his father. Some of his descendants still own land which was bought by his father in 1704 from the heirs of John Remington. He died in Newport 16 July 1768, and was buried on his own Land in Mooresfield. {Editorial Note, however there is a tombstone in the Newport Cemetery [21] which appears to belong to this Henry Gardner} He belonged to the Parish of St. Paul. He married (1st) Desire Havens, 4 Aug 1710; and (2nd) Catherine Davis of East Greenwich on 27 Dec 1722. {Editorial Note; this Genealogy does NOT identify the parents of Desire Havens.}
    1. ) Children of Henry Gardiner and Desire Havens:
      1. ) Henry Gardner; b. 16 June 1714.
      2. ) Christopher Gardner;
      3. ) Hannah Gardner; bapt. 27 Feb 1721; m. Thomas Potter 31 Dec 1730.
      4. ) Desire Gardner; bapt. 27 Feb 1721; d. 28 Dec 1723.
    2. ) Children of Henry Gardiner and Catherine Davis
      1. ) Edward Gardner; b. 8 Sept 1723; m. 23 May 1745 Elizabeth Tefft.
      2. ) Mary Gardner; b. 25 July 1728; m. 16 April 1747 Jonathan Hazard.
      3. ) Abigail Gardner; b. 9 March 1732; m. 23 May 1751 Thomas Mumford.
      4. ) William Gardner; b. ca. 1725.

1917

  1. ) Colonial Families; page 223; Lion Gardiner Jr., son of David and Mary (Leringman) Gardiner, of East Hampton, Long Island died on 23 Sept 1723, from an accidental gunshot wound while hunting deer; m. wife's name unknown, who was b. ca. 1668, d. 20 sept 1733 at East Hampton, aged about 65 years.
    1. ) Children of Lion and Unknown Gardiner:
      1. ) Lion Gardiner III; b. 1688; d. 1781; m. 11 Jan 1721 Hannah Merry.
      2. ) Giles Gardiner; unm. {Editorial, other reference suggest this assertion is in incorrect.}
      3. ) Mary Gardiner; b.1693/4; d. 14 May 1714 ages 20 years.
      4. ) Child; b 1700/1; died within 2 days.

1919

  1. ) Gardiner Genealogy; Page 13, 14: Henry Gardiner (23), son of Henry, was born 25 Feb 1691, and died 16 July 1768. He married on 4 August 1710 Desire Havens. He married second Catherine Davis, of East Greenwich on 27 Dec 1722. His home was in what is now known as Moorsfield, South Kingstown, Rhode Island. The land was given to him by the will of his father, and was bought in 1704 from the heirs of John Remington. Henry Gardiner, 3, died in Newport, 16 July 1768, as above, and was buried on his own land in Moorsfield. He belonged to the parish of St. Paul's. {This Genealogy does NOT identify the parents of Desire Havens Wife of Henry.}
    1. ) Children of Henry Gardiner by first wife Desire Havens.
      1. ) Henry Gardiner (120); b. 16 June 1714; m. 27 June 1737, Anne Champlin, dau. of Capt. Christopher Champlin and Elizabeth Dennison Champlin.
      2. ) Hannah Gardiner (121): b. 1712; bapt. 27 Feb 1721; m. 31 Dec 1730 Thomas Potter.
      3. ) Desire Gardiner (122); b. bapt 27 Feb 1721/2; d. 28 Dec 1723 from scalding water spilled on her.
    2. ) Children of Henry Gardiner by second wife Catherine Davis:
      1. ) Edward Gardiner (123); b. 8 Sept 1723
      2. ) Mary Gardiner (124); b. 25 July 1728.
      3. ) Abigail Gardiner (125); b. 9 March 1732
      4. ) William Gardiner (125a); b.1725.
  2. ) Gardiner Genealogy; page 41; Henry Gardiner III (120), son of Henry, was born 16 June 1714, and married 27 June 1736 Ann Champlin, a daughter of Christopher and Elizabeth (Denison) Champlin, and a great grand daughter of John Howland, on of the passengers on the Mayflower, in 1620. She was born 29 March 1714 and died in 1798.
    1. ) Children of Henry Gardiner III and Ann Champlin;
      1. ) Christopher
      2. ) Jonathan
      3. ) Henry
      4. ) James
      5. ) Desire.

1927

  1. ) Gardiner's Island Genealogy; page 119-120; Lion Gardiner (14), son of David Gardiner; b. 1665; d. 23 Sept 1723.
    1. ) Married Desire, daughter of George Havens of Shelter Island; she d. 20 Sept 1733.
      1. ) Children of Lion Gardiner and Desire Havens (#'s 30 30A & 31):
        1. ) Gardiner's Island Genealogy; page 133: Giles Gardiner (30); bapt. 10 Feb 1722/3; m. 3 Oct 1728 Widow Jane Conklling; d. 7 Feb 1759.
          1. ) page 153: Elizabeth (Gardiner) Baker; bapt. 10 Apr 1730; d. May 1782.
          2. ) page 154: Roswell Gardiner; bapt. 1733; d. 1755.
        2. ) Gardiner's Island Genealogy; page 134: Mary Gardiner; b, 1694; d, 14 May 1714
        3. ) Lion Gardiner (31); b. 1672; m. 11 Jan 1721/2 Hannah Merry; d. 11 Jan 1774.
      2. ) Father of Desire Havens: George Havens, son of William and Dionis (____) Havens); b. 1653; m 1674; d. 21 Feb 1706/7.
      3. ) Mother of Desire Havens; Eleanor Thurston, daughter of Edward and Elizabeth (Mott) Thurston, b. 1665, m. 1674, d. 7 Nov 1747. (Ref; Mallman's Shelter Island, page 163 [19])
    2. ) Chronology of other references citing or related to Lion Gardiner:
      1. ) 1690: Partition deed with brothers. (Ref: Moore's Index Southold.)
      2. ) 1700/1: Child of Lion died 2-3 days old (Ref: East Hampton Church Records.)
      3. ) 1703: Lion Gardiner sold 1/2 of land at Aquebogue, to J. Reeves. This land was originally purchased by Lion's father of J. Parshall. 1 Dec 1730 (Ref: Lib A; Suffolk Co. p. 139).
      4. ) 1716: Will of William Havens of Shelter Island. Sister Desire Gardiner cited as heir. Proved 6 Aug 1764. (Ref: Lib 16, NY p. 34).
      5. ) 1723: Lion Gardiner was killed in a deer hunting accident. Shot by Sam Bennett. (Ref: East Hampton Church Records.)
      6. ) 1733: Widow of Lion Gardiner deceased 20 Sept 1733 ae 65 years. (Ref: East Hampton Church Records.)

1929

  1. ) Everyday People; page 42; George Havens, son of William and Dionis (____) Havens, was born 1653; died 21 Feb 1706/7 and married Eleanor Thurston, b. Apr 1653; died 7 Nov 1747. Eleanor married second Thomas Terry.
    1. ) Children of George and Eleanor:
      1. ) George Havens; m. Mary
      2. ) Jonathan Havens; b. 22 Feb 1681; m. 1 Jan 1706/7 Hannah Brown
      3. ) William Havens; unm
      4. ) John Havens; m. Sarah
      5. ) Content Havens; m. Cornelius Payne
      6. ) Patience Havens; m. ____Loper;
      7. ) Desire Havens; b. ____; m. Lion Gardiner; d. ____. {Echoes the 1927 marriage assertion of John Lion Gardiner [15] for Desire Havens.}
  2. ) Everyday People; page 25; Lion Gardiner, son of David, was killed in a hunting accident 23 Sept 1723. Married in 1688 Desire Havin (b. ca. 1668; d. 20 Sep 1773 ae 55), dau of George.
    1. ) Children of Lion Gardiner and Desire Havens:
      1. ) Lion Gardiner Jr.; b. 1692; m. 11 Jan 1721 Hannah Merry; d. 1784, ae 93 at East Hampton, NY
        1. ) https://archive.org/details/chronicleofevery00gard/page/n47/mode/2up?q=Gardiner Everyday People; page 25;] John Gardiner: bapt. 10 Feb 1723; d. 24 Nov 1780; m. 1746 Elizabeth Dayton
        2. ) Mary Gardiner; bapt 109 Sept 1725; m. Master John Stratton Jr.
        3. ) Jeremiah Gardiner; b. 5 Feb 1728; d. 29 Jan 1815; m. (1st) Mary Parsons; (2nd) Jemima (Howell) Stratton
      2. ) Giles Gardiner; b. 2 Feb 1722/3; m. widow Jane Conklin in 1728; d. 14 June 1763.
      3. ) Mary Gardiner; b.1693/4; d. 14 May 1714 ae. 20
      4. ) Infant Gardiner; b. Feb 1700/1; d. 7 Feb 1700/1 ae 2 days.

1933

  1. ) Havens, NJ Genealogy; page 9; George Havens, the third son of William Havens, is documented as a resident of Jamestown, RI, and Shelter Island*, NY. He married in 1674 Eleanor Thurston, daughter of Edward and Elizabeth (Mott) Thurston. They were the parents of: George, Jonathan, William, John, Ruth, Content, Patience, Desire, and Abigail. {Text does not ID husband of Desire.}
    1. ) Documented events (source is Austin [6]):
      1. ) 1680 Freeman.
      2. ) 1687-09-06; Taxed in Kingstown, RI.
      3. ) 1695-07-15; Constable at Jamestown, RI
      4. ) 1696; Sold farms on Boston Neck for £500
      5. ) 1695: Bought 1000 acres of Shelter Island NY for £500. Removed to Shelter Island shortly thereafter.
      6. ) 1701-11-19: Son George Havens Jr. identifies himself in a deed as "the son of George Havens of Shelter Island."
      7. ) 1702-10-26; George Haven Sr. sold his 150 acre farm at Coweset, near East Greenwich, RI to Henry Tibbitts for £80. This property later becomes the subject of litigation.
      8. ) 1706-02-25: George Havens date of death, buried in New London, CT.
    2. ) * It is said that Shelter Island was so named because it was a place of refuge for Quakers suffering religious persecution.

1937

  1. ) Gardner-Gardiner; page 27: Children of George and Horod (Long):
    1. ) 'Henry Gardiner, etc. Nothing on Desire Havens.

1951

  • The Archibald Havens Papers This web page is limited to information extracts for John and Jonathan Havens only. The full text is available in print form only, and has not been accessed for this essay.

1975

  1. ) Havens of Suffolk Co., New York; page 7; George Havens, son o William and Dennis, b. 1653 Jamestown, RI. Resident of Portsmouth; d. 21/25 Feb at Shelter Island, NY. Married in 1674 Eleanor Thurston. Additional information in source.
    1. ) Children of George Havens and Eleanor Thurston:
      1. ) George Havens Jr.; b. ca. 1675 (based on m. date); m. Mary Remington.
      2. ) Jonathan Havens; b. 22 Feb 1681 at Jamestown, RI; m. Hannah Brown.
      3. ) William Havens; d. unm. Will dated 30 Apr 1716 names mother and siblings.
      4. ) John Havens; b. ca. 1685; m. Sarah Conklin
      5. ) Ruth Havens; b.____; m ____ Terry; Mallman [19] omits her.
      6. ) Content Havens; b.____; m. Cornelius Payne.
      7. ) Patience Havens; m. 1696 Arthur Loper.
      8. ) Desire Havens; b. 1668; d. 20 Sep 1733 ae 65; m. Lion Gardiner (1665-1723). {Echoes the 1927 marriage assertion of John Lion Gardiner [15] for Desire Havens.}
      9. ) Abigail Havens; m. Thomas Terry 1752.

1985

  • Secondary Source, Clarence Almon Torrey, U.S., New England Marriages Prior to 1700, [26] Data extract:
  1. Pre-1700 Marriages; page 597; Henry Gardiner (1645-1744) & 1st wife Joan ____ (____-1715); ca.1666/72; Kingstown, RI. {Swansea Hist. 157; Noyes-Gilman 80; Austin's Dict, 81; Gen Mag. 3;120; Shotwell 27-8}
  2. Pre-1700 Marriages; page 597; Henry Gardiner (1645-1744) & 2/wf Abigail (Richmond) Remington (1656-1749), widow of John, aft 12 Dec 1688, aft 1715; N. Kingstown, RI/ Newport, RI. {Austin's Dict. 81, 163; Noyes-Gilman 80; French Anc. 67; Richmond Gen. 13; Shotwell, 25}.
  3. Pre-1700 Marriages; page 597; Lion Gardiner (1665-1723) & [Desire Havens] (1668-1723); by 1688; E. Hampton, LI {East Hampton LI 279; Gardiner (1927) 106, 119}
  4. ) Pre-1700 Marriages; page 720; George Havens and 1st wife ____ Green, dau. of Edward, by 1675, much later RI {Geen(#1) 70}
  5. ) Pre-1700 Marriages; page 720; George Havens (1706+) & 2nd wife Eleanor (Thurston) (1655-1757). Eleanor m. (2nd) Thomas Terry by 1681; 1674? Jamestown RI. { Austin GDRI 93, 201; Prime, 36; Wickham-Billard, 146 149; Reg. 45:56}

2010

  • Secondary Source, Stephen L. Nebeker;Our Havens Ancestors in America; [27] Well researched and documented Genealogy, focused on the descent of the New Jersey Branch of the Family. Principle resource is The Havens Family in New Jersey [4] by Henry C. Havens.
  1. ) Havens in Ameria; page 19;
    1. ) George m. (1) Abigail Remington; (2) Eleanor Thurston Gen Forum-Erin Ennis {The assertion that George was married to Abigail Remington, prior to Eleanor Thurston is based on a web blog, that the author of this essay was unable to locate, and this assertion appears to be an invention to accommodate Desire Havens, daughter of George Havens Sr., with the primary source supported 1668 birth of the wife Lion Gardiner. All of the prior genealogical literature asserts the marriage date of George Havens and Eleanor Thurston to have occurred in 1674, six years too late to accommodate this 1668 primary source supported birth date of Lion Gardiner's wife. There is zero evidence to link Abigail Remington (the mother-in-law of George Havens Jr.) as the wife of George Havens Sr. Furthermore, the fact remains that George Havens Sr. was only 15 years of age 1668 when the wife of Lion Gardiner was born. }
      1. ) George Havens Jr; b. ca 1675; m. Mary Remington. (from Archibald Havens Papers)
      2. ) Jonathan Havens; b. 22 Feb 1681 Jamestown RI; m. Hannah Brown
      3. ) William Havens; d. unmarried 1746; will 30 Apr 1716, probated 7 Aug 1746, mentions mother Eleanor.
      4. ) John Havens; b. ca 1685; m. Sarah Conklin
      5. ) Ruth Havens; m. _____ Terry
      6. ) Content m. Cornelius Payne, son of Thomas; d. Feb-Mar 1715-16;
        1. ) Elisha Payne; d. Mar 1761, at Shelter I. NY; m. 31 Oct 1748. in Southold, Deliverance Tuthill, b. ca. 1724, at Oysterponds, dau. of Nathaniel, b. 1694, & Mary Tuthill.
      7. ) Patience m. 1696 Arthur Loper.
      8. ) Desire b. 1668; d. 20 Sep 1733, age 65; m. Lion Gardiner, b. 1665, d. 23 Sep 1723; {Echoes the 1927 marriage assertion of John Lion Gardiner [15] for Desire Havens.}
        1. ) Giles Gardiner; bp. 10 Feb 1722-3; d. 14 Jun1763, m. Wid. Jane (Parsons) Conkling, b. 3 Oct 1728, d. 7 Feb 1759; Mary b. 1694, d. measles 14 May 1714;
        2. ) Lion Gardiner; b. 1693, bp.10 Feb 1722-3, d. 13 Nov 1784, m. 11 Jan 1721-22, Hannah Merrywood, d. 11 Jan 1774.
      9. ) Abigail Havens; m. Thomas Terry 1752;
        1. ) Elizabeth Terry; d. 23 Apr 1825, age 64, at Oysterponds; m. 17 Mar 1781, Christopher Tuthill, b. 26 Nov 1760, Oys.; d. 26 Nov 1823 Oys.; son of Christopher b. ca. 1726 & Phebe Youngs;
        2. ) Ruth Terry, b. 2 Dec 1752, Oys.; d. 12 Nov 1802, Oys.; m. 1 Feb 1770, Oys., Daniel Tuthill, b. 13 Mar 1747, Shelter Is., d. 17 Jul 1830, Oys.; son of Noah b. 1714 & Hannah Tuthill.
  2. ) Havens in Ameria; Appendix A; List of Major Sources Used.

Research Notes

  1. ) Giles Gardiner is recorded as the son of Lion Gardiner and an unnamed wife in the East Hampton Vital Records. The East Hampton Vital Records also identify a family with the surname Giles as one of the original lot holders of the town; Question, "Could Giles possibly be the maiden surname of Lion Gardiner Sr.'s wife?
  2. ) The following definitions and syntax conventions apply to the preceding text of this profile:
    1. ) A Primary Source contains data that was recorded by the person in the profile; or by someone known to or with first hand knowledge of that person, during the person's lifetime, death or within two generations thereafter.
    2. ) A Secondary Source is a genealogical reference created as the result of a extensive study of available source material and it provides some evidence of the source documentation used to generate the text data.
    3. ) A Tertiary Source is a genealogical data source which is a collection of genealogical information that does not cite Primary or Secondary information sources, and the data may be factual or hearsay.
    4. ) Braces {Editorial Note Example} are used to insert editorial comments; that is to say, information or clarification that is not contained in the original, cited source material.

Sources

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 George Havens, Tombstone Photograph; located at the Ancient burying ground at New London, Connecticut
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Ellenor (Thurston) Havens Terry Tombstone Photograph located in the cemetery of the Shelter Island Presbyteian Church of Shelter Island, New York.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Bartlett, John Russell; Records of the colony of Rhode Island and Providence plantations, in New England, Vol III, 1608-1706; Providence, Knowles, Anthony, & Co,. State Printers. 1858. Public Domain.
  4. ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 Havens, Henry C.; The Havens Family in New Jersey; Master in Lawrenceville School, Lawrenceville, NJ, 1933. Havens, NJ Genealogy; page 9;
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Arnold, James N., Editor of the Narragansett Historical Register, Vital Record of Rhode Island, 1636-1850, Providence, RI., Narragansett HIstorical Publishing Co., 1893. Twenty one Volume set of Early Rhode Island Vital records compiled by from James Arnold. Available at:
    1. ) Archive.org--free: Vital Record of Rhode Island. 1636-1850, Volume 4. Newport County--Title page Archive.org
    2. ) Ancestry.com--fee required Vital Record of Rhode Island. 1636-1850, Volume 4. Newport County--Title page
  6. ↑ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 6.11 6.12 6.13 6.14 Austin, John Osborne; The Genealogical Dictionary of Rhode Island; Printed by Joel Munsell's Sons, Albany, NY., 1887. Public Domain.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Arnold, James N., Editor of the Narragansett Historical Register, Vital Record of Rhode Island, 1636-1850, Providence, RI., Narragansett HIstorical Publishing Co., 1894. Twenty one Volume set of Early Rhode Island Vital records compiled by from James Arnold. Available at:
    1. ) Archive.org--free: Vital Record of Rhode Island. 1636-1850, Volume 5. Washington County--Title page Archive.org
    2. ) Ancestry.com--fee required Washington County, Rhode Island, Vital Records, Title page
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 Case, J. Wickham; Southold Town Records, Vol II., Printed by the Order of the towns of Southold and Riverhead, 1884. Public Domain.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 New York, Wills and Probate Records, 1659-1999; [Ancestry.com database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2015. Original Records of Administrations of Estates, Inventories and Accounts (New York), 1600's-1700's, 1700-1825; Author: New York. Surrogate's Court (Albany County); Probate Place: Albany, New York.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Arnold, James N., Editor of the Narragansett Historical Register, Vital Record of Rhode Island, 1636-1850, Providence, RI., Narragansett HIstorical Publishing Co., 1894. Twenty one Volume set of Early Rhode Island Vital records compiled by from James Arnold. Available at:
    1. ) Archive.org--free: Vital Record of Rhode Island. 1636-1850, Volume 5. Washington County--Title page Archive.org
    2. ) Ancestry.com--fee required Henry Gardiner; page 73
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Havens, William; New York, Wills and Probate Records, 1659-1999; [Ancestry.com. database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2015. Wills and Administrations (New York County, New York), 1680-1804; New York. Surrogate's Court (New York County); Probate Place: New York, New York. New York Wills Vol 4, Page 97. New York, Wills and Probate Records, 1659-1999;
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Bartlett, John Russell; Records of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, in New England, Vol 4; 1707 to 1740, Printed by the order of the General Assembly, Providence, Knowles, Anthongy & Co., State Printers, 1859. Public Domain.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Hedges, Henry Parsons, A History of the Town of East-Hampton, N.Y., Sag Harbor; J. H. Hunt Printer, 1897. Public Domain.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Gardiner, Curtiss C.; Lion Gardiner and His Descendants; St. Louis, A. Whipple, Publisher, 1890. Public Domain.Lion Gardiner Genealogy; page 106:
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 Gardiner, John Lion; Gardiners of Gardiner's Island; Publisher Jonathan T. Gardiner, The Starr Press, East Hampton, NY. 1927.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 Gardiner, Catherine Marshall and Gardiner, George Schuyler; A Chronicle of Everyday People; Sag Harbor, NY; 1929. Everyday People; page 42;
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 Hedges, Henry Parsons; Records of the town of East Hampton, Long Island, Suffolk Co., N.Y., Vol V; 1850-1900, Sag Harbor, J. H. Hunt, Printer, 1905.
  18. ↑ Shotwell, Ambrose Milton; Annals of Our Colonial Ancestors and Their Descendants; Printed for the Author by Robert Smith & Co., Printers and Binders, Lansing, MI., 1895. Public Domain. [ page 28]
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 Mallman Rev. Jacob; Historical Papers on Shelter Island and Its Presbyterian Church; Printed for the author, by The A. M. Hustad Co.157 William St, NY., 1899. Public Domain. Also available on line at Google Books [
  20. ↑ Gardner, Charles Morris, and Lillian May; Gardner History and Genealogy; The Erie Printing Co., 1314-16 Peach St., 1907. Public Domain.
  21. ↑ Tombstone of Henry Gardner, Newport, RI.
  22. ↑ MacKenzie, LL.B., George Norbury; Colonial families of the United States of America, Vol IV; The Seaforth Press, Genealogical Publishers, Baltimore, Maryland, USA, 1917. Public Domain.
  23. ↑ Robinson, Caroline E. The Gardiners of Narragansett: being a genealogy of the descendants of George Gardiner, the colonist, 1638 (Providence, Rhode Island, 1919). Public domain. Robinson, Page 13. The Gardiners of Narragansett -- Title page
  24. ↑ Miller, Clara, and Stanton, John M.; Gardiner-Gardner Genealogy, Including the English Ancestry of George Gardiner Immigrant Ancestor of Newport, R.I.; Compiled by Clara Gardiner Miller and John Milton Stanton, Printed in the USA, The Tuttle Publishing Co. Inc., Rutland Vermont, 1937. Well documented Gardiner genealogy, focused on the Benoni Gardiner branch of the family. and only has a snippet on his brother Henry.
  25. ↑ Havens, Barrington S.;The Havens family in Suffolk County, New York; published by the author, 1975.
  26. ↑ Torrey, Clarence Almon; New England Marriages Prior to 1700, Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, 1985. Available:
    1. ) On line at
      1. ) Ancestry Record 3824 #69553 Ancestry.com Operations Inc Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2012.
      2. ) AmericanAncestors.org. New England Historic Genealogical Society, 2008. Online version at AmericanAncestors.org contains Torrey's references. NE pre 1700 Marriages accessed for Gardiner.
    2. ) Print edition. This manuscript is still in print and may be available at Amazon.com or Abebooks.com or other rare booksellers.
    3. ) Key to References in New England Marriages Prior to 1700" This cross reference expands Torrey's reference abbreviations into full reference citations.
    4. ) Family Search exposee on New England Marriages Prior to 1700 This article provides excellent insight regarding access to Torrey's source citations, which are not included in the single volume edition.
  27. ↑ Nebeker, Stephen L.; Our Havens Ancestors in America; published in the website of the Nebeker Family History. published about 2010.

Other Sources

  • Copy of 7 Oct 2020 email to Claire:

Hello Claire:

This is a really tough one. The underlying issue is Desire Gardiner, the daughter of George Havens who has been cited in several credible genealogies to have been the wife of Lion Gardiner, of the Gardiners of Gardiners Island off the eastern end of Long Island, NY, and at the same time there are other credible genealogies (and at least one primary source) that have placed her as the wife of Henry Gardiner of Kingstown, RI. There are also a variety of genealogies that simply state that Desire was the daughter of George Havens, and married ___ Gardiner, but fail to identify the husband.

The problem is that the way the two identities for Desire Gardiner are constructed, they have to be for the same person and yet the data in the two divergent genealogies precludes them from being the same person, i.e. they are concurrently married and both couples are asserted to have had babies at the same time period, and Lion is still alive when Henry and Desire are married so it cannot be a first marriage, second marriage situation for Desire without major changes to the Lion-Desire narrative (she would have had to divorce Lion (or he died earlier) and she could not have had their son Giles) . Comparison as presently entered in Wikitree:

1. Desire (Havens) Gardiner, daughter of George Havens and Eleanor Thurston, married to Henry Gardiner of Kingstown. b. 1696, m. 4 Aug 1710 at North Kingstown, RI; d. 20 Sept 1733 at Kingstown, RI. Husband Henry Gardiner b. 1691; d. 1768. Henry and Desire have daughter Hannah in 1712.

2. Desire (Havens) Gardiner, daughter of George Havens and Eleanor Thurston??, married to Lion Gardiner of East Hampton, LI, NY. b. 1668, m. 1688 at East Hampton. Husband Lion Gardiner b. 1665; dies 23 Sept 1723. Lion and Desire have son Lion Gardiner Jr. in 1688.

In looking at the available data, it appears that no one really knows when Desire Havens was actually born and her birth date appears to be derived from the whichever marriage the particular genealogist happened to assume to be correct.

There is a problem with the Desire + Lion narrative and that problem is that in order to fit Desire Havens, dau of George, as the wife of Lion, she has to be old enough to have son Lion Jr born in 1688. Assuming she was 20 year of age when she had Lion Jr, means she would have to have been born in 1668, but George and Eleanor weren't married until 1674. So either Desire is not the daughter of Eleanor Thurston or she was born in 1675 and was thirteen when she became the mother of Lion Jr. And this brings us to the reason why Abigail Remington has been introduced into the narrative.

After writing to you, I continued to look for source material to see if I could find where the reference to Abigail Remington might have come from and I was able to find at one reference that did this assert this marriage relationship. That source is from page 19 of the 2010+ Stephen Nebeker Our Havens Ancestors in America" genealogy where Stephen asserts that George Havens first married Abigail Remington, and second Eleanor Thurston. He cites a source for this information as "Gen Forum-Erin Ennis." and nothing more--which makes this source appear to be some kind of web blog and without further substantiation is clearly in the hearsay category. However, it does shed some light as to why Abigail Remington was introduced into the narrative and that reason is that in order for Desire Gardiner to have been born early enough to be the wife of Lion Gardiner and the mother of Lion Gardiner Jr, she would need to have been born prior to the time George Havens and Eleanor Thurston were married in 1674. So it appears a first wife Abigail was invented for George Havens to fit this earlier time frame required to allow Desire to be the wife of Lion Gardiner.

In looking at the presently available source information, the most reliable source is the North Kingstown, RI marriage record between Henry Gardiner and Desire Havens in 1710. Unfortunately, the marriage record does not specify her parents, and the marriage occurs about 10 years after George Havens moves to Shelter Island, and about 4 years after George died. It is deliciously tempting to think that Desire Havens and Lion Gardiner were married because they lived on two adjacent islands off the tip of Long Island, but in 1688, at the time of the marriage between Desire and Lion, George Havens was still living in Rhode Island and was actually taxed at Kingstown, RI in 1687--the RI Gardiners and the Gardiners Island Gardiners were not related, so there is a good probability that in 1688 George Havens (hence Desire also) and Lion Gardiner (or his parents) had never met.

There is not enough information to know for sure, but it is certain that the narrative linking Desire Gardiner, daughter of George Havens and Eleanor Thurston, rests on a far more solid foundation of primary source information that the Lion Gardiner narrative, AND it is not necessary to contrive any other arbitrary relationships to make the marriage fit to established data (in contrast to the Lion Gardiner narrative). So it can be stated with certainty that the Henry Gardiner and Desire Havens narrative is based on more reliable source information and is a superior fit with other genealogical data. Therefore is seems most probable that the Henry Gardiner narrative is the correct narrative and that the narrative that Desire, daughter of George Havens, married Lion Gardiner is incorrect and apocryphal.

Taking this observation to be correct and applying a very critical look at the source information underpinning the Lion Gardiner married to Desire Havens, daughter of George Havens narrative, it will be found that the most reliable reference ( that I have found as of Oct 2020) is Torrey's pre 1700 marriages and Torrey's assertion that Lion's wife was the daughter of George Havens rests entirely on the 1927 Gardiner Genealogy by John Lion Gardiner, which provides no information regarding the information source for this marriage assertion. Therefore, as of Oct 2020 absolutely zero primary source information has been found to support the assertion that Lion Gardiner married Desire Gardiner, daughter of George Havens, hence this marriage assertion relies entirely on tradition, and secondary genealogies but with no underpinning verifiable, factual basis derived from a primary source. Normally this would be sufficient to let the assertion stand, however in this case, the assertion is in direct conflict with a competing narrative which does have a basis in a verifiable, (but imprecise) primary source and the competing narrative fits the other data better.

So for what it is worth, that is a summary of what I have been able to learn, so far. I also searched in American Ancestors to see if any "modern" NEGHS articles had been written to expand on this topic, but if there are any, the search engine did not find them.

So I think what I will do is transfer the essence this write up to a free space profile to capture the research and conclusions (without adding undue confusion to the affected profiles).

Your thoughts?

Regards, Randy Beebe On 10/6/2020 8:25 PM, TofuBertha wrote: > Hi Randy, > > Thanks for doing the heavy lifting on this one. > > I have been working slowly down my Watchlist, but I hadn't reached George yet. I've tidied up the profile, eliminated poor Abigail, and initiated a merge. Since so many people are already managing this profile, I will bow out once the merge has been completed. > > Thank again for all your hard work, > >  :) >

> Claires



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