Jöns Nilsson, later known as Jens Nelson in America, and still later as John Nelson, was born in Svalöv parish October 19, 1840, the fourth of six children born to Nils Mårtensson and Maria Persdotter. At the time Jöns was born, his father Nils was working as dräng (farmhand).
One year later, the family moved to Tarstad, in Tirup parish, just 5 kilometers to the west. Jöns’ father Nils was now a husman (a farmworker who may have owned his own house).
Jöns was only five years old when his father died of tuberculosis, leaving a wife, five
young children, and another on the way. Jöns’ mother was listed as utfattig (too poor to
owe taxes) in the church records, and one by one, the children moved away to work
elsewhere once they reached their teens.
In Sweden during this time period, it was customary for teenagers of the peasant class to
leave home to work as a servant or farmhand. The traditional moving date was about
November 1, after the harvest, and the period of service would typically last one year, or
perhaps more, before moving to another farm. Jöns’ life followed this pattern.
Jöns moved away at the age of sixteen in 1856 to become a dräng (farmhand) in the
Billeberga parish, 6 kilometers to the southwest of Tarstad. Jöns worked at about 5 or 6
different farms, for one year each, in the Billeberga parish between 1856–1862.
In 1862, Jöns moved from Billeberga parish to the farming community of Brödåkra No. 1
in Sireköpinge parish, and married Hanna Johansdotter.
Jöns Nilsson moved from Billeberga parish on October 15, 1862 to Brödåkra No. 1. One month later, he married Hanna Johansdotter. He was listed as a dräng (which in the context of a marriage record means “unmarried man”) from Billeberga parish, and Hanna was a piga from Brödåkra (the word piga means “unmarried woman” in the context of a marriage record). Jöns became a torpare (tenant farmer) in Brödåkra, and the two had four children together at Brödåkra in the Sireköpinge parish.
Jöns’ economic situation appears to have degraded as the years went by, and by 1873 he
was no longer a torpare, but rather a husman. Like a torpare, he may have owned his house and rented his land, but unlike a torpare, he probably worked as a farmworker on someone else’s farm in order to support his family. Moreover, his residence is listed as a Gths, an abbreviation for Gatehus (pronounced with three syllables), a older house
along a street (gata), with residents who are usually of a rather low socioeconomic status.
Jöns Nilsson emigrated from Sweden in the fall of 1880. He traveled from the Swedish
port Malmö to New York, by way of Hamburg, Germany, then by steamship to Hull,
England, and overland to Liverpool. Once in America, he settled in Blair, Nebraska.
Jöns was not the first in the family to settle in Blair—Hanna’s older brother Måns
Johansson had immigrated to Blair in 1865 where he obtained a farm.
The following spring, May 1881, Hanna and the four children, as well as Hanna’s
orphaned niece Anna Andersdotter (the daughter of Hanna’s late sister Kjersti) and
Hanna’s brother Bengt and his family, immigrated to Blair, Nebraska.
Jöns Nilsson became known as Jens Nelson (using the Danish spelling of his first name,
and Americanizing his last name), and he became a farmer, owning his own farm.
Timeline
1840 Oct 19 born at
Norra Svalöv, Svalöv, Skåne, Sweden.
[1][2]
Jöns was the fourth of six children born to Nils Mårtensson and his wife Maria Pehrsdotter. His father was a dräng (farmhand).
1840 Oct 25 christening at
Svalöv, Skåne, Sweden.
[1]
1840–1841 Residence at
Norra Svalöv, Svalöv, Skåne, Sweden.
Jöns living with his parents and siblings in Norra Svalöv. His father is a dräng (farmhand).
[3]
1841–1845 Residence at
Tarstad, Tirup, Skåne, Sweden.
Jöns living with his parents and siblings at Tarstad No. 6. His father is a husman (farm worker).
[4]
1845–1856 Residence at
Tarstad, Tirup, Skåne, Sweden.
Tarstad No. 6. Jöns is living with his parents, his five siblings and his half-brother. He moved to Billeberga No. 5 in 1856.
[5]
1856–1857 Residence at
Billeberga, Billeberga, Skåne, Sweden.
Billeberga No. 5. Dräng (farmhand) Jöns Nilsson, moved in from No. 6 Tarstad, Tirup parish, 1856. He moved out to No. 11 Värmö in 1857.
[6][7]
1857–1858 Residence at
Värmö, Billeberga, Skåne, Sweden.
Värmö No. 11. Dräng Jöns Nilsson, moved in from [illegible…possibly No. 5?] 1857, moved out to No. 1 ___ 1858.
[8]
1858–1859 Residence at
Värmö, Billeberga, Skåne, Sweden.
Household Exam record, Värmö No. 1. Dräng Jöns Nilsson, moved in from No. 11 Värmö 1858, moved out to No. 5 Värmö 1859.
[9]
1859–1860 Residence at
Värmö, Billeberga, Skåne, Sweden.
Household Exam record, Värmö No. 5. Dräng Jöns Nilsson, moved in from No. 1 1859, moved out to No. 3 1860.
[10]
1860–1861 Residence at
Värmö, Billeberga, Skåne, Sweden.
Household Exam record, Värmö No. 3. Dräng Jöns Nilsson, moved in from A.P.L No. 3__(?) 1860, moved out to L___? 1861. Also, his brother is below him: Nils Nilsson, moved in from (-- same place as Jöns?) 1860, moved out to No. 6 ditto, 1861.
[11]
1861–1862 Residence at
Billeberga, Skåne, Sweden.
listed under lösa personer (loose people, that is, not residing in a particular place).
[12][13]
1862 Nov 15 marriage at
Sireköpinge, Skåne, Sweden.
Jöns was a dräng (bachelor) from Billeberga parish, Hanna was an inhyses piga (lodger, unmarried) from Brödåkra in Sireköpinge parish.
[14][15]
1862–1867 Residence at
Brödåkra, Sireköpinge, Skåne, Sweden.
Brödåkra No. 1. Torpare (tenant farmer) Jöns Nilsson, wife Hanna Nilsdotter, and two children. Jöns moved in from Billeberga 15 Oct 1862. Hanna's brothers Jöns and Hans and their families are also listed here.
[16][17]
1868–1872 Residence at
Brödåkra, Sireköpinge, Skåne, Sweden.
Brödåkra 1. Torpare (tenant farmer) Jöns Nilsson, wife Hanna Johansdotter, children Nils, Maria, Per, & Kjersti.
[18]
1873–1877 Residence at
Brödåkra, Sireköpinge, Skåne, Sweden.
Husman (farmworker) Jöns Nilsson and family at Brödåkra No. 1.
[19]
1878–1880 Residence at
Brödåkra, Sireköpinge, Skåne, Sweden.
Brödåkra 1. Husman (farmworker) Jöns Nilsson and family. Jöns emigrated to America 1880, the rest of the family in 1881.
[20]
1880 Sep 9 Emigration: Departed from
Malmö, Skåne, Sweden.
[21]
Then departed 11 Sep 1880 from
Hamburg, Germany. On the Hamburg passenger list, he is listed as Jons Nilson, age 40, from Malmo, Sweden, occupation Arbeiter (laborer), destination New York (via Hull and Liverpool).
[22]
1880 Arrival at
New York City, New York, USA.
[21]
1885 June Residence at
Blair, Washington, Nebraska, USA.
Probable census record: "Jay Neilson" and family. Some inconsistencies, but much seems to fit. Family below his is Henry & Mary Borg (his daughter Mary). He is also listed on the Agriculture census, as "Gens Neilson". (see source citations for more details).
[23][24]
After 1891 Date of death unknown. He survived his wife who died in 1891, and he may have been the John Nelson mentioned in the 1894 obituary for Henry Borg (his son-in-law).
FSFTID LK7D-QNY.
Research Notes
"Blair cemetery : index" is available at the Omaha Public Library on microfilm. Might be able to find Jens listed there. Main Library Microfilm (3rd Floor), Call #: 929.3782245 Blair.
1840, birth #27. Drängen (farmhand) Nils Mårtensson och dess hustru (wife) Maria Pehrsdotter i N. Svaluf. Fäddrarne (sponsors): Drängen Bengt Pehrsson i ___lof Åboen Benggt Westerson? och dess hustru Ulna Jönsdotter i M___, ___ Dr. Bengt Pehrssons hustru Bengta Larsdotter i N. Svalof. Name: Jöns, born 19 Okt., christened 25 Okt. Mother's age: 33
↑
Source: #S20 Genline AB; Johanneshov, Sweden; Swedish Church Records Archive; GID Number: 100012.47.57400; Roll Number: SC-742. Note: what was transcribed as Lisechöpinge was really Sireköpinge.
↑
Source: #S17 County: Malmöhus; Parish: Svalöv; Record Type: Husförhör (Household examination); Year Range: 1840 - 1850; p. 16, GID 1369.13.38900
Norra Svaluf. Dr. (dräng=farmhand) Nils Mårtensson, with wife Marie Pehrsdr., daughters Gunilda and Anna, and sons Magnus and Jöns, all with birth dates and places listed. Nils (and presumably his wife and oldest child) moved in from Tirup in 1832, moved back to Tirup 1841.
↑
Source: #S17 County: Malmöhus; Parish: Tirup; Record Type: Husförhör (Household examination); Year Range: 1837 - 1845; p. 73, GID 1385.11.42500
Tarstad 6: Hsm [Husman, or farm worker] Nils Mårtensson, born 03 24/4 (24 Apr 1803), in Zköping (Sireköpinge). Moved in from Svaluf, 1841. h. Marin (Maria?) Pehrsdot:r, 07 9/10 Konga; Son Magnus 38 2/2 Savluf; Jöns, 40 19/10, ibm; doter Gunnila 31 8/10 Tirup; Anna 35 19/3 Svaluf; Cicilia 43 20/7 Tarsta.
Entry #9, right-hand page: 15 Oct 1862, Dräng (farmhand or bachelor) Jöns Nilsson moved from p. 221 of the Household Exam record, Billegerga, to Zköpinge (Sireköpinge). He was alone.
↑
Source: #S17 County: Malmöhus; Parish: Billeberga; Record Type: Husförhör (Household examination); 1857 - 1865; p. 221, GID 1180.4.49200
Household Exam record, lösa personer (loose people, that is, not residing in a particular place). Dr. (dräng=farmhand) Jöns Persson, born 40 19/10 Svalöf, had moved in to Billeberga from No. 3 [illegible words] in 1861, moved out to Sireköpinge 1862.
↑
Source: #S20 Genline AB; Johanneshov, Sweden; Swedish Church Records Archive; GID Number: 100012.47.57400; Roll Number: SC-742. Note: what was transcribed as Lisechöpinge was really Sireköpinge.
↑
Source: #S17 County: Malmöhus; Parish: Sireköpinge; Volume: 85; Record Type: Vigsel (Marriages); Year Range: 1862; GID 100012.47.57400
7th marriage entry in 1862. Lysnings (banns published) Okt 19, 26, and Nov. 2; married 15 Nov. Jöns Nilsson, dräng (bachelor) från Billeberga, Hanna Johansdotter, Inhys (lodger) Piga (unmarried maiden) i No. 1 Brödåkra. First marriage for both. The groom was born in 1840; the bride in 1836. Hanna's father gave permission for her to marry, and he signed it "med hand i pennan", that is, he was not able to write his name himself, but he held his hand on the pen while another person wrote the name.
↑
Source: #S17 County: Malmöhus; Parish: Sireköpinge; Volume: AI:9; Record Type: Husförhör (Household examination); Year Range: 1862 - 1867; p. 188, GID 1343.1.40900
A torpare owned his house but rented his land. The yearly rent might have been paid in the form of a certain number of days' labor or in cash. The land would theoretically been enough to support the torpare and his family by farming.
...
Household Exam record for Brökåkra No. 1: Torp[are] (tenant farmer) Jöns Nilsson, moved in from Billeberga 1862, wife Hanna Johansdotter, children Nils and Maria. Birth dates & places listed for all. In the Notes column for Jöns: Se neden! (see below). In the Notes column for Hanna on the line below: lysn. 19 Oct 1862 med förestående Jöns Nilsson! Köpt Måns Pers hus! (Banns 19 Oct 1862 with incoming Jöns Nilsson. Bought Måns Persson's house!)
Household Exam record for Jöns' family in Brödåkra No. 1: Torp[are] (tenant farmer) Jöns Nilsson, moved in from Billeberga 1862, wife Hanna Johansdotter, children Nils, Maria, Per, & Kjersti. Birth dates & places listed for all.
Rough summary in English: a husman owned his house but rented his land. The yearly rent might have been paid in the form of a certain number of days' labor. The land would have consisted of the plot the house was on and possibly a pasture and small field on which the husman could raise some food. He would not have enough land to support himself by farming; instead, he would have supported himself by work as a craftsman or a farmworker.
Riksarkivet record: Sireköpinge kyrkoarkiv, Husförhörslängder, SE/LLA/13337/A I/11 (1873-1877), bildid: C0068796_00144. Household Exam record for Jöns' family in Brödåkra: Husm[an] (farmworker) Jöns Nilsson, moved in from Billeberga 1862, wife Hanna Johansdotter, children Nils, Maria, Per, & Kjersti. Birth dates & places listed for all.
↑
Source: #S17 County: Malmöhus; Parish: Sireköpinge; Volume: AI:12; Record Type: Husförhör (Household examination); Year Range: 1878 - 1882; p. 138, GID 1343.5.53300
Household Exam record for Jöns' family in Brödåkra No. 1: Husm[an] Jöns Nilsson, moved in from Billeberga 1862, special note: 4/9 80 fått betyg till Amerika ej upptagen vid mantalsskrifningen d. 29/11 80 (farm laborer Jöns Nilsson got a moving-out certificate 4 Sep 1880; was not included at the tax-list writing 29 Nov 1880); wife Hanna Johansdotter, emigrated to Amerika 1881 (this fact was written on Jöns' line, but was probably for Hanna, since Jöns had departed in 1880); children Nils, Maria, Per, & Kjersti. Nils moved to Harslöf [sic-Billeberga] parish in 1878; the other three children emigrated to Amerika 1881. Birth dates & places listed for all. (Many thanks to Nils Lindgren and Bo Johansson on ancestry.com's Sweden/General message board who helped interpret this record.)
1 April 2016 Probable census record for Jöns Nilsson's family: Nebraska State Census for Blair Township, Washington County, Nebraska, enumerated 9 Jun 1885: lines 25-30:
Neilson, Jay, 44, farmer;
wife Hannah, 47;
son Nils, 21, home;
son Peter, 16, home; :
daughter Tana, 16, school;
daughter Mary, 9, school;
Married daughter Mary Borg is listed with her husband Henry Borg directly below directly below the Neilson family, on lines 31-33:
Borg, Henry, 30, farmer;
wife Mary, 19, keeps house;
daughter Hellen, 4/12 months, born in Feb.
All but the baby Hellen were born in Sweden.
...
Note that Jöns' first name was spelled "Jay" (perhaps the enumerator was "spelling out" the first initial). Daughter "Tana" (mis-transcribed as "Lana" in the index) is probably Kjersti (Tina), although she should have been 13, not 16. It is unclear who Mary, age 9, is (possibly a foster-child?).
21 May 2014 Gens Neilson listed on agricultural schedule of 1885 Nebraska state census, giving acres owned, value of farm ($800), farm implements ($50), and live stock ($200), value of all farm productions for 1884 ($200), and other details.
Source: S27 Ancestry.com, Swedish Emigration Records, 1783-1951 (Ancestry.com Operations Inc)
Source: S28 Ancestry.com, Nebraska, Marriage Records, 1855-1908 (Ancestry.com Operations, Inc.)Library and Archives of the Nebraska State Historical Society; Lincoln, Nebraska
Source: S30 Nebraska State Census, 1885, database with images (FamilySearch)
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