Mary Frances (Kopf) Kiefer (1878 - 1946)

Born 25 Nov 1878 in Chicago, Cook, Illinois, United States

Ancestors

Daughter of Simon Peter Kopf and Margaret (Ryan) Kopf

Wife of Charles Casper Kiefer — married 30 Jan 1906 in Toledo, Lucas, Ohio, United States

Descendants

Died 16 Feb 1946 at age 67 in Grand Junction, Mesa, Colorado, United States

Problems/Questions Profile manager: Jeffrey Niles [send private message]

Fast Facts

She was the daughter of Simon Peter Kopf and Margaret (Ryan) Kopf.^[1]

• b. 25 Nov 1878, Chicago, Cook, IL^[2]
• m. 30 Jan 1906, Toledo, Lucas, OH to Charles Casper Kiefer (1870-1953), son of John Kiefer and Anna Maria Schmitt^[3][4]
• d. 16 Feb 1946, Grand Junction, Mesa, CO^[5]
• buried in Calvary Cemetery in Grand Junction, Mesa, CO^[6]

Children

6 children & 27 grandchildren - 49 great-grandchildren

• John Simon Kiefer (1906-1967) - 3 children
• Charles Leo Kiefer (1908-1977) - 6 children
• Agnes Ruth Kiefer (1910-2014)
• Jerome Aloysius Kiefer (1913-2006) - 4 children
• Margaret Mary (Kiefer) Scheetz (1921-2008) - 5 children
• Cecilia Anne (Kiefer) Schmalz (1923-2016) - 9 children

Biography

After her mother died when “May” was nine, the family moved a few times from Indiana to Detroit and eventually to Toledo, Ohio. May left school early to help care for her half-siblings while her step-mother was ill. Her daughters recounted that she later worked as a cashier in her father’s restaurant.

May told about when her father was having a tough time keeping the restaurant going, she got a job in a store at a ribbon counter. When asked if she could tie bows (in the style of the day) she said yes. She couldn't, but could by the end of the first day. Later May worked as a bookkeeper in the Toledo Biscuit Company.... May probably worked here at the time of her marriage.^[7]

Sometime around the summer of 1905, May visited her aunt Lizzie Glass in Tipton, Indiana (Lizzie was the sister of Mary Miller, May’s step-mother). It was then that May met a young pioneer from Colorado named Charlie Kiefer. Charlie and his brother John had recently returned to Indiana after farming in western Colorado for several years. Charlie still owned a ranch near Mack, but he and John had begun a new enterprise after buying 300 pair of roller skates. They set up their first roller-skating rink in Peru, Indiana, hired a band every night and began to make quick money. John described his brother’s marriage in his autobiography, Nip and Tuck:

Charley had met a fine young lady before we left Tipton, and this was his long awaited opportunity to get hitched for life. He didn’t waste any time either.

Her name was Mae Kopf. A very charming girl from Toledo, Ohio. I had met her and admired her for her pleasing disposition, and I readily encouraged the match. The wedding date was set and I was to be the best man. Two shining black suits were ordered from Lebo, the Tailor. The military band was engaged for the reception. It was to meet the train upon our arrival from Toledo. What a splurge we were making, but we were clamoring for publicity [for the roller rinks]. You should have seen the crowd at the depot, and to top it off we had to march with the band down the main street to the hotel.

We enjoyed four months of the skating craze before it began to slow down. The better citizens were gradually fading away, and a rougher element was creeping in. We didn’t like this, so we decided to close the rink and start again in some other city.^[8]

The trio moved on to New Castle where Charlie and John opened a new rink. John Simon was born in December and the brothers closed down their business at the end of the season.

Brother Charley rented a house next to our old home on Maple Street [in Tipton] and lived there for a year before returning to Colorado. He still had his ranch, and his good wife was willing to go back with him and make that their home.

The little cabin was soon replaced with a nice new home, and five more children blessed them there. Leo, Agnes, Jerome, Margaret and Ann. So with John Simon they had six wonderful children.^[9]

I remember hearing stories when I was younger about that first cabin and of my great-grandmother never being able to keep it dust free. Charlie’s brother, John, wrote of his first arrival to the ranch a few years earlier:

As we turned from the road to the lane that went to the cabin, a big lump came to my throat and I could not hold back the tears. This was going to be my home. A place that had no appeal to me when I first saw it two months before. We unloaded my baggage, unhitched old Kate and went inside the cabin.

… I had been a city chap; I had nice clothes, wore high stiff collars that reached to my ears, patent leather shoes, and had been accustomed to going to dances, house parties and having a good time. I had taken some dancing lessons and vocal lessons and our home had always been the meeting place for the young people of our parish…

I mention these facts to give you an idea of the change I was making from a social life, to a life of western adventure. It was in a manner very thrilling and exciting but I was finding it very hard to adjust myself.

… I watched [Charley] as he went down the path that lead to the store. It was a moonlit night and I could see him most all the way. You will never know the lonesomeness that came over me when I returned to the cabin. The coal oil lamp was burning brightly and I read the newspapers for an hour or two before I ventured to go to bed. The nights in Colorado are always cool and a blanket or two are necessary to make you comfortable. The cool air from the mountains reach the valleys about midnight and this cabin had many inlets for this cool air. Our cabin was built of slab board nailed to 2 x 4’s with cracks between the slabs half-inch wide. The roof had a slight pitch and was covered with more of these slab boards and then covered with a layer of straw. On top of the straw there was a layer of adobe which made the roof water-proof. The adobe mixed with water made a brick-like formation and could easily be patched if leaks appeared. Our kitchen floor was also made of this adobe and would stand heavy sweeping. The small bedroom had a wood floor made of more of these slabs and the dirt and dust could go through the cracks under the cabin. Apple crates and boxes served as chairs on which we could rest our weary bones. Our kitchen table was homemade as was the bed.^[10]

John went on to describe the cry of the coyotes that first sleepless night. Pioneering the west was certainly an adventure that bore no semblance to life in Toledo, but Charles and May made their home in Colorado and eventually completed a new house. Charles had taken over the Mack mercantile store for his old boss and by 1908 work had been renewed on the Kiefer ranch. Charles’ uncles had brought irrigation to the valley from the Colorado River and thus gave farmers the ability to grow acres of produce like the potatoes and sugar beets that the Kiefers raised.

Their first home in Colorado was in Mack across the railroad tracks from the mercantile. Around 1909 they moved into the old cabin on the ranch and began work on their new house which they moved into around 1910.

Charlie had borrowed money from a man named Towney, a sheep man, and supposedly a friend, to make improvements on his ranch, (house, etc.) For collateral he put up his land on the south side of the track. There was about forty acres on the north of the track. In about 1914 they had a bad year in their crops and Charlie asked for an extension of the mortgage payments due. Towney refused. They lost their new home and the entire ranch except for that on the north side of the tracks. In 1914 or early 1915, they were forced to move to a little cabin on the place across the tracks. This was a major tragedy in the lives of Charlie and May. Leo remembers one thing about the move. "I couldn't understand why my mother was crying because I thought it was so much fun to be moving." They never got over the pain of this loss. Looking back, we can but imagine their feelings as they visited often in their old home; several different families lived in that old home at various times throughout the years to follow. All these neighbors became good friends of the Kiefer family.

With the true pioneer spirit that gave them the courage to endure throughout the early years in this land of many hardships, they set up housekeeping in the little two-room log cabin on what was left of their ranch.

To the little cabin was added a large sleeping room, but it was not attached to the cabin. A place was left between the two, which was in a few years closed in for the kitchen. The log cabin became a front room - dining room combination and one bedroom. We don't have the information about when electricity came to Mack probably with the Gilsonite Company's arrival; maybe before that. But electricity came to the Kiefer's in about 1937 or 38, with the Rural Electrification Project. Running water never came into that home….

Though this little house was very humble, the folks made it very comfortable, and in time quite attractive. As the family grew, they added another sleeping room on the south side of the house, unconnected to the house. This room and the large sleeping room, which had been added earlier never, had any heat. Before the kitchen was enclosed the family often walked through snow to bed. During the flu epidemic of 1917, no one had the flu. Onions were their main means of keeping any cold from becoming serious. They ate them, made poultices etc. During the epidemic they even kept some [slowly] cooking on the stove, believing that the fumes helped to keep away germs. Well, who can say it didn't work?

The inside of the house was cozy, if a bit crowded. May had a knack of making a house into a home. They had some nice furniture that they had gotten when they were married.

As for the outside, Charlie had a green thumb. He never lived anywhere without planting trees. He soon had them in abundance and added to them through out the years. A large lawn was started in the front of the house and May soon had her flowers. Charlie always had a big garden, with help from the children. And May and Charlie would plant flowers together. The house stood close to what turned into Highway 50 which went through Mack, and as the years went by, and cars were on that road, the family often saw the cars slow down and people stopped to look at the flowers, sometimes coming in to ask about them.^[11]

Jerome later described food storage in their home:

[In the] house was the hole in the floor that gave access to the dirt cellar where we kept home canned fruit, vegetables, sauerkraut and pickles. The sauerkraut was kept in a large ceramic "crock" and was our main source of green vegetable during the long season when there were no fresh vegetables in the garden, as the stores then didn't have lettuce and fresh vegetables shipped in from California as they do now. We also relied a lot on carrots and turnips buried under straw in the ground and lots of pickles in jars and crocks.^[12]

And Agnes added:

Papa always had a wonderful garden--gave vegetables away by the whole-sale. He dug a pit in the yard to keep vegetables for winter use; straw kept them from freezing. We also had a small cellar under the house for canned goods, etc. Papa, later, built a potato cellar in the hillside. Although our house was very humble, it was a real home with plenty of love—we never had much of this world's material goods, but we always had plenty of good substantial food, including our own meat- ham, sausage, chicken, and turkeys.

We never missed church on Sunday, except maybe once or twice, whether by horse and buggy or Model T Ford. Our mother and father were always thanking God for something and always looked forward to the time when things would be better, from the time they had lost their new home, all through the years.^[13]

Margaret described life growing up on the ranch:

Farmers used to do a lot of peddling from house to house. I guess all the kids had a turn at that.… But Papa gave away wagon loads of vegetables. He just couldn’t stand for anyone not to have enough to eat. We always raised a huge garden and a big part of it was given away. Even in the wintertime from our stores in the ground and cellar. And Mama and Papa during the 40 or more years that they had the dairy, (Not continually, as there were a few years someone else had it for a time but we took it over again.) never turned down a family that wanted milk even though they knew they would never be paid. And there were a lot of people over the years who took advantage of that and moved away without paying a cent. Mama used to say they raised all the kids in the country with our milk – and they did I guess. And we used to have lots of “bums” as they were called. They’d stop and want to do some work for a meal. There was always wood to chop. And a couple of fried country eggs and homemade bread and butter and all the cold whole milk they wanted made a great meal.^[14]

Agnes recounted her early memories of May:

As busy as my mother was all the time, using a wash board to wash clothes, baking all our bread, darning socks, patching clothes, ironing with flat irons which was an all-day's job what with starched shirts, aprons, dressed- etc. she still took time to read to us and help us with our school work. I remember when she read "The Wizard of Oz," a chapter or two at a time. She canned hundreds of quarts of fruit every year and even preserved eggs in saltpeter to use in cooking for the winter months when the hens didn't lay so many eggs. Along with all of this she took care of a milk business, which supplied Mack and Atchee for years. Papa and the boys did all the milking. Margaret also had a "yen" for the outdoors and learned to milk when she was about six and before long she was almost as good as the men.

Life on the farm in those days was no picnic and we children started quite early to help with everything there was to do. I can remember how mother worried when the boys had to go out in all sorts of weather to deliver the milk twice a day. One of the problems was mud after rains and in the spring, --mud roads, mud yards, mud everywhere- the chuckholes in the roads were often a foot deep. We had no electricity for years, but we were all proud of our White Frost ice-box, which was round and had revolving shelves. It was a big event when we got this, "almost like those electric refrigerators," we said.^[15]

Each child shared in the chores whether it was helping care for the younger children, cooking, filling the wood and coal box, or hoeing or picking the garden. Jerome related the boys’ job of delivering milk:

We had a dairy herd and sold milk to the people in Mack and the town of Atchee in Colorado and in Dragon and Watson in Utah along the Uintah Railroad. I didn’t start milking until I was probably seven or eight but when I was five, the year before I started to school, I was given the job of delivering the milk in the morning so that the older boys could sleep a little later before going to school; they had to milk the cows, too.

When I was that young I used my coaster wagon to deliver milk or if there was snow, my sled with a wooden box fastened on. When I got a little older I used a cart with about 30” diameter iron wheels… By the time I was 13 or 14 years old I used our Model T Ford part of the time and later bought one of my own for $20. It had the back seat cut off and a truck bed built on. We delivered both morning and night; at first I only delivered in the morning but soon did both. Sometimes it was pretty late when we did the evening delivery, so it was usually dark and I can remember seeing my friends sitting in a cozy house by the fire, while I was freezing delivering their milk. One morning when I got to school after doing my milk route, the temperature was around 15 or 20 degrees below zero, and a neighbor boy had frosted his fingers while walking to school. I had kept mine from freezing by curing them into a fist inside my gloves.

At about the same time (at about 5 or 6 years old) I was given the job of herding the cows, mostly during summer vacation, on the nearby desert, ditch banks and sometimes the railroad right-of-way - anywhere there was anything for them to eat. Several times I had a close call with a cow or cows crossing the tracks in front of a train. I herded the cows on foot at first. Either we didn’t have a horse available or I was too young to ride. Sometimes I could hardly run fast enough to head them off from going where they shouldn’t, and once some got into an alfalfa field before I could stop them and several of them bloated. A cow is a ruminant animal and can’t tolerate green alfalfa and can bloat and die if not tended to promptly.^[16]

Margaret told of May’s banking methods and recounted:

Mama used to keep little stacks of money in her dresser drawer to pay the bills—one corner for telephone; one corner for doctor; one corner for a pair of shoes for one of us kids, perhaps. When she'd get some money she'd put a little in each pile and have enough to pay the bill when it was due. Men make fun of the way women do things sometime, but I'm positive our bills would never have gotten paid as hard up as we were, if it hadn't been for Mama's "banking" methods.^[17]

But life was not all work and labor; as hard as the family worked to survive they found time for worship and play. Sundays always began with a journey to Sunday mass. And the ranch was always a place for theirs and other children to play and run, swim in a pond or skate one the ice. Agnes recounted some of the local events and of her mother’s hospitality:

Going to Grand Junction was quite an event in those days. Once or twice a year was the extent of those trips. The big event was the County Fair, which we always looked forward to doing. Before we got the Model T Ford, it took about one and a half hours with Dan and Doll and the surrey. Very often, the Indians, coming in from the reservation for the Fair, would camp all night by out place.

This reminds me of Chief Atchee who was Papa's friend—he usually came in for the Fair. Papa told about one time during this celebration. Chief Atchee on horse back was being greeted by a group of friends saying "Hi Atchee." "How are you Atchee?" "Howdy Atchee." Atchee's horse began to act up and Atchee said, "Too damn much Howdy do."

I remember one time that he stayed all night with us. Mother mentioned that we didn't have meat for supper and wondered if he would mind. He immediately gave John a dollar and said, "Go buy steak"! That dollar bought enough steak for all seven of us. (This was before Margaret and Anne's time) A bed was made for Atchee on the couch. Early in the morning when Mama and Papa arose, Atchee was sleeping soundly on the floor without a pillow! I guess he didn't want to hurt Mother's feelings by refusing the bed but didn't think they would be up before him.^[18]

Christmas was always a big day at our house. I don't know if we ever went to Midnight Mass in Fruita while we were still using horses and surrey but I think we may have. I know we did after we got a car. In the wintertime we'd usually take some hot irons or rocks along under our feet. We could never afford many gifts, but Nellie Lawler from Toledo, Mama's best friend, would always send a big box with goodies, gifts for everyone and nice toys for us kids. We always seemed to have plenty of candy and fruit, such as oranges, bananas, figs and dates, which were a treat for us. Of course a lot of the candy and popcorn balls were homemade. It was always fun to make taffy on a cold winter day, to chill it on a flat marble stone and then pull it until it was ready.^[19]

Around 1920 the family bought their first automobile. Jerome recounted:

We got our first car, a 1913 Model T, from Uncle Joe when he bought a new one…. I remember learning to drive it when I was about ten and ran it into a fence and bent the front axle. I don't think we had a spare tire but kept tire patching and a pump and fixed a flat on the spot when we had one. In 1925 we had a good crop of potatoes and could afford to buy a new car. The folks had narrowed the choice down to a Chevy or a Star. The Stars selling point was that it could stand on three wheels (whatever good that would be) but we ended up getting a 1925 Chevy sedan. This meant that we didn't have to button up the windows any more, or put up the top when it started to rain.

We kept the Model T though and used it for several more years to deliver milk and use around the farm. When I was about fifteen, I bought a Model T of my own, a 1915 model for $20.00. It had the back seat cut off, and a pick- up bed built in place of it. I used it for- several years and when I left home the folks sold it for me for $20.00. The Model T would go about thirty miles per hour, and when we could go about fifty in the Chevy we thought that was really flying.^[20]

In 1936 May suffered what was thought might be a small stroke and was treated with bromides for her nerves. But throughout the spring she was plagued with hallucinations caused by indiscriminate drug administration. Charlie eventually took May to Denver where she was diagnosed with bromide poisoning. Anne wrote:

By this time Agnes and Leo came home in March, she was ready to fall apart, and became very, very ill. She was having hallucinations and we really thought she was losing her mind. It came to a crisis one day; she had been in bed for days, but she got up and went outside and we couldn't get her back inside the house…. The doctor then made the one wise decision that he came up with. He admitted he didn't know what was the matter and told Papa to take her to Denver to the psychiatric ward in Denver General (or Colorado General) hospital. Papa took her on the train. Within a few minutes of examination, the doctors there found the problem—she was poisoned by the drug the home doctor was giving her for nerves. She was saturated with it. She was in the hospital in Denver for several weeks of treatment; consisting mostly of salt-water baths…. During this time Mama was suffering hallucinations and didn’t know anyone around her. And then one day she was just o.k. When the drug poison got out of her system she was all right again. She had lost weight and was weak but she was o.k. I remember that I got the mail one day, and there was a letter in her handwriting. It was a little bit shaky but it was her handwriting and I ran home with it. That was one of the happiest moments of my life…. Other than having to watch her high blood pressure Mama was pretty well till the time of her death.^[21]

As the children grew they pursued their own adventures. Agnes had travelled to live with her Kopf cousins for a year in 1926 in Florida. Each of the children made at least one journey back east to see family in Indiana. John moved back to Chicago in the early 1930s and then to Indiana where he married Maxine in 1935; Jerome followed to Chicago and Indiana and married Florence two months before John and Maxine in 1935. Jerome and Florence returned in the early 1940s but moved to Camp Hale during the war. Afterwards they purchased a small house on five acres outside of Grand Junction where they planned to add on.^[22]

We were pretty busy and I often worked long hours and sometimes out of town, but we found time to go on many outings, camping and fishing trips, etc. Before we could get anything done with the house, Mama and Papa sold our old home place (giving the back 40 to Leo) and wanted to build or buy a place. Leo was still in the Service at that time. They were having trouble finding a suitable place that they could afford so we offered to deed them a building site on the front corner of our 5 acres, and help them build a house there. Papa bought quite a bit of lumber at reduced prices because of defects and some used lumber and all the windows for the house were used ones from Camp Hale. Florence and I dug most of the basement by hand and also the septic tank hole and cesspool area. Florence worked on the sewer line, digging and grading, while I was at work; we also continued to lay pipe from the cesspool clear out to the pond area. The folks had moved the storage building, which we had used in 1939, up to our place and lived in it until we got the basement far enough along for them to move into it. I would help on the house evenings and weekends whenever I could; Margaret also helped with some of the work, and Leo did also, after he came back from the Service.^[23]

January 30, 1946, Charlie and May celebrated their 40th wedding anniversary. Neither were young when they married; May was 27, Charlie 35. At the time of their 40th anniversary, May told her family she would like to have a little celebration. "I won't be around for my 50th" she said. So she had that part of the family who were in Colorado that was everyone except John S. and Maxine and children, for a family dinner. They had moved into the unfinished house. She was having trouble with one leg at this time but did not think it serious enough to go to the doctor. Two weeks later on February 16, 1946 she died suddenly from Coronary Thrombosis. It seemed apparent there had been a blood clot in the leg, which moved up to the heart.

The heart of the family was gone. John Simon, Maxine, little Kathy and Sarah came out to be with Charlie and their brothers and sisters, nephews and nieces. The pictures of Charlie had this time, show that suddenly he looked old. After May's death he sold the house he had started for her to Jerome and Florence. He then made his home with them, but spent time with each of the children.^[24]

May passed away in 1946. She is buried in the family plot at Calvary Cemetery on Orchard Mesa.

^{[25][26][27][28][29]}

Sources

1. ↑ Paternal relationship is confirmed by an autosomal AncestryDNA test match between Jeffrey Niles and RRE, his half 2nd cousin 1x removed. Their most-recent common ancestor is Simon Kopf, the great great grandfather of Jeffrey Niles and great grandfather of RRE. Predicted relationship from AncestryDNA: 4th-6th Cousin, based on sharing 49 cM across 4 segments.
2. ↑ Family Records.
3. ↑ Ohio, County Marriages, 1789-2016, database with images, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:2QWR-SS6: 27 September 2021), Charles C Kiefer and May Kopf, 1906.
4. ↑ Ohio, County Marriages, 1789-2016, database with images, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:ZZT7-R4ZM: 15 October 2021), Charles C. Kiefer and May Kopf, 1906.
5. ↑ Family Records.
6. ↑ Find a Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/77146592/mary-frances-kiefer: accessed 16 June 2022), memorial page for Mary Frances Kopf Kiefer (25 Nov 1878–16 Feb 1946), Find a Grave Memorial ID 77146592, citing Calvary Cemetery, Grand Junction, Mesa County, Colorado, USA; Maintained by Jeffrey Niles (contributor 48763233).
7. ↑ Kiefer, “Our Kiefer Ancestors: The Kopf Family,” 8. She was working at the Toledo Company by 1905 according to the city directory
8. ↑ John D. Kiefer, Nip and Tuck: Turn of the Century Life on the Colorado Western Slope (Fort Collins: JDK Publishing, 2003), 173-74.
9. ↑ Kiefer, Nip and Tuck, 175-76.
10. ↑ Kiefer, Nip and Tuck, 40-44.
11. ↑ Anne Schmalz, “Charlie and May Kiefer family.”
12. ↑ Jerome Kiefer, “Jerome Kiefer Remembers.”
13. ↑ Agnes Kiefer, “Agnes Remembers.”
14. ↑ Margaret Scheetz, “Margaret Remembers.”
15. ↑ Agnes Kiefer, “Agnes Remembers.”
16. ↑ Jerome Kiefer, “Jerome Kiefer Remembers.”
17. ↑ Margaret Scheetz, “Margaret Remembers.”
18. ↑ Agnes Kiefer, “Agnes Remembers.”
19. ↑ Jerome Kiefer, “Jerome Remembers,” (Grand Junction, 1988).
20. ↑ Jerome Kiefer, “Jerome Kiefer Remembers.”
21. ↑ Anne Schmalz, “Anne Remembers,” (1974).
22. ↑ Their property sat across the road from the present day Mesa Mall.
23. ↑ Jerome Kiefer, “Jerome Remembers,” (Grand Junction, 1988).
24. ↑ “Charlie & May.”
25. ↑ United States Census, 1880, database with images, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MHM8-SD8: 13 January 2022), Mary Kopf in household of Simon Kopf, Fort Wayne, Allen, Indiana, United States; citing enumeration district ED 122, NARA microfilm publication T9 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.), FHL microfilm.
26. ↑ United States Census, 1900, database with images, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MMD2-HFN: 6 January 2022), May Kopf in entry for Simon Kopf, 1900.
27. ↑ United States Census, 1910, database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MK4D-DRF: accessed 16 June 2022), Mary F Kiefer in household of Charles C Kiefer, Loma, Mesa, Colorado, United States; citing enumeration district (ED) ED 85, sheet 24A, family 147, NARA microfilm publication T624 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1982), roll 122; FHL microfilm 1,374,135.
28. ↑ United States Census, 1930, database with images, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:X74N-MX9: accessed 16 June 2022), May F Keifer in household of Charles C Keifer, Election Precinct 24 Mack, Mesa, Colorado, United States; citing enumeration district (ED) ED 31, NARA microfilm publication T626 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 2002); FHL microfilm.
29. ↑ United States Census, 1940, database with images, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:VR62-S7Q?from=lynx1UIV8&treeref=K466-FZB: accessed 4 June 2022), Mary F Kiefer in household of Charles C Kiefer, Election Precinct 24 Mack, Mesa, Colorado, United States; citing enumeration district (ED) ED 39-41, (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 2002).