There is a James Patterson that joined the Civil war the same day as Robert (brother) on Dec. 1, 1861. Both joined under J. Taylor, Forty-seventh Infantry, in Gibson County. https://www.fold3.com/image/77039127
Sources
Patterson bible
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DNA Connections
It may be possible to confirm family relationships with James by comparing test results with other carriers of his ancestors' Y-chromosome or mitochondrial DNA.
However, there are no known yDNA or mtDNA test-takers in his direct paternal or maternal line.
It is likely that these autosomal DNA test-takers will share some percentage of DNA with James: